CLIENT

MEGHNA GROUP

PROJECT

GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION FOR 40 STORIED PLUS 05

BASEMENT HOTEL ON PLOT NO. 201-202, FOR MEGHNA HOTEL
AND RESORTS LTD. AT TEJGAON I/A, DHAKA-1212.

REPORT ON

DOWNHOLE P AND S WAVE VELOCITY

LOGGING FOR
D-01 AND D-02

December, 2019

Prosoil Foundation Consultant

88/B, Indira Road, Firmgate, Dhaka –1215.
e-mail: prosoil_9@hotmail.com
FAX: +88-02-8116405
TEL: +88-02-8159707, +88-01711-615-871, +88-01819-218-230
Report on Downhole P and S Wave Velocity Logging at D-01 and D-02
Meghna Hotel and Resorts Ltd.
Test Depth: GL 0.0m to 50.0m

Table of Contents
Page
1.0 INTRODUCTION 1

2.0 EQUIPMENT 1-2

3.0 METHOD STATEMENT 2-3

3.1 BOREHOLE 3

3.2 S-Wave Generation 4

3.3 P-Wave Generation 6

4.0 Analysis of Test Results 7

4.1 Layer Boundaries, Wave Velocities and Poisson’s Ratio 7-9

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Report on Downhole P and S Wave Velocity Logging at D-01 and D-02
Meghna Hotel and Resorts Ltd.
Test Depth: GL 0.0m to 50.0m
1.0 Introduction
Downhole seismic velocity logging is a method of measuring seismic wave velocity profiles.
This method relies on a surface source to generate P- and S-waves that travel down the soil or
rock column where they are recorded by a sensor(s) locked in a borehole. Travel time is
measured by a digital seismograph recording.
‘New Borehole Pick’ (Model No. 3040) of OYO Corporation, Japan has been used to record
seismograms for predicting the length of existing pile under consideration.
2.0 Equipment
The equipment of P-wave and S-wave logging includes the following components for data
acquisition (Figure 1):

a) Geophone receiver (‘New Borehole Pick’)

b) Digital signal analyzer (or PC-based data acquisition) system

Figure 1: Major Units of PS Wave Logging System

The typical arrangement of the PS test system is demonstrated in Figure 2.

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Report on Downhole P and S Wave Velocity Logging at D-01 and D-02
Meghna Hotel and Resorts Ltd.
Test Depth: GL 0.0m to 50.0m

Figure 2: Typical Arrangement of ‘New Borehole Pick’ (Model 3040)

Instrumented impulse hammer weighing 9.12 kg is used to impart and measure the impact
force.

3.0 Method Statement

During a downhole acquisition, the seismic receiver (geophone) is inside the borehole and the
source is on the surface. Figure 3 shows the arrangement of field test setup for recording P-
and S-waveforms at different depths. The geophone is placed inside the borehole at the deepest
depth to be studied, when the first set of measurements are recorded. Then, the geophone is
moved up the interval as specified for the test, and then the second set of measurements are
recorded. This process continues until the last set of measurements at the top of the borehole

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Report on Downhole P and S Wave Velocity Logging at D-01 and D-02
Meghna Hotel and Resorts Ltd.
Test Depth: GL 0.0m to 50.0m
(at the ground level) is taken. A profile of signals builds up for the entire length of borehole,
alternately from GL to the deepest point where the first measurements were taken.
Depending on the type of strike (vertical or horizontal) on the beam placed firmly on
the ground, the seismic source can generate a signal containing a maximum of energy in the
compression wave (P) or the shear wave (S).

Figure 3: Schematic Diagram of PS Wave Logging Test Setup

3.1 Borehole
A borehole of 87.5 mm (3.5 inches) diameter is drilled to place the seismic receiver (geophone)
at different depths for downhole data acquisition. As drilling for invasive measurements crosses
unstable terrain, the borehole is lined with a casing or PVC tubing and grouted to prevent the
soil from caving in during testing. Cement grout is used to seal the casing to the soil formation.
Seal quality is paramount to enable a good transmission of seismic signals. Therefore, drilling
and sealing are done by meeting the standards described in ASTM D7400 for downhole.

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Report on Downhole P and S Wave Velocity Logging at D-01 and D-02
Meghna Hotel and Resorts Ltd.
Test Depth: GL 0.0m to 50.0m
3.2 S-Wave Generation
It utilizes a beam of 1800mm x 450 mm x 150 mm dimensions, on which a vehicle can be
positioned to ensure good coupling. S wave-rich signal is then generated by lateral strikes (both
left and right) on the sides of the beam, with a hammer of 9.12 kg.

Figure 4 demonstrates the arrangement of S-wave generation procedure and the test setup
during data acquisition of S- wave dominating signal.

Figure 4: Test Setup during Data Acquisition of S-wave

Figure 5 presents typical configuration of a downhole where the shear waves are mainly
recorded by two horizontal components of the geophone in the borehole.

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Report on Downhole P and S Wave Velocity Logging at D-01 and D-02
Meghna Hotel and Resorts Ltd.
Test Depth: GL 0.0m to 50.0m

Figure 5: Configuration for S-Wave Recording by Two Horizontal Components of

Geophone

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Report on Downhole P and S Wave Velocity Logging at D-01 and D-02
Meghna Hotel and Resorts Ltd.
Test Depth: GL 0.0m to 50.0m

3.3 P-Wave Generation

To generate P waves, the same hammer is vertically struck on the wooden beam. Figure 6
presents typical configuration of a downhole test where the compression wave is recorded by
the vertical component of the geophone in the borehole.

Figure 6: Configuration for Recording P-Wave through the Vertical Component of

Geophone

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Report on Downhole P and S Wave Velocity Logging at D-01 and D-02
Meghna Hotel and Resorts Ltd.
Test Depth: GL 0.0m to 50.0m

4.0 Analysis of Test Results

The information related to the test conducted are given below.
Depth of Borehole: 50.0 m
Location: Proposed Site at Meghna Hotel and Resorts ltd. at Tejgaon I/ A.
Borehole ID: D-01
Date of the Test Conducted: 14th December, 2019
Time: 8:27 am to 9:54 am
Surrounding Noise Level: Not Significant/ within reasonable range
Test Interval: 1m (from 0.0 m to 50.0 m)
Borehole ID: D-02
Date of the Test Conducted: 18th December, 2019
Time: 9:11 am to 10:40 am
Surrounding Noise Level: Not Significant/ within reasonable range
Test Interval: 1m (from 0.0 m to 50.0 m)
The initial step of the analysis involves picking the first P and S arrivals. A good quality signal
will ensure that P-waves can be picked without difficulty. For S-waves, it is essential to exploit
the polarization property of the wave according to the direction of the strike.
The time of the first arrival of the waveforms is defined as the earliest time when the response
curve starts to fluctuate.
4.1 Layer Boundaries, Wave Velocities and Poisson’s Ratio
From the depth-time graph, a downhole analysis is carried out in depth ranges (slices). The
division into layers is related to the slope break on the depth-time graph, and also with the
borelog. On the layers thus defined, the slope of depth and time graph for each layer provides
the average velocity over the corresponding interval (see Figure 7) from PSLog program. Due
to the picking uncertainty, each slice must contain a minimum of 3 measurement points, ideally
4 or 5.

The results obtained from PSLog program are presented in Table 1.

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Report on Downhole P and S Wave Velocity Logging at D-01 and D-02
Meghna Hotel and Resorts Ltd.
Test Depth: GL 0.0m to 50.0m
Traveltime (ms) Velocity (m/s)

0 50 100 150 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000

0
Vp=596
Vs=277
595m/s
277m/s 595m/s
277m/s v=0.36

8.2m 8.2m Vp=1507

10 Vs=248
v=0.49

1507m/s 248m/s 248m/s 1507m/s

20
Depth (m)

25.1m 25.1m Vp=2040

Vs=269
v=0.49
30
2040m/s 269m/s 269m/s 2040m/s

36.0m 36.0m Vp=1300

Vs=549
40 v=0.39

1300m/s 549m/s 549m/s 1300m/s

50
P-wave
S-wave

Figure 7: Downhole Seismic Analysis of P-Wave and S-Wave based on 4 Layers

Table 1: P-wave Velocity (Vp), S-Wave Velocity (Vs) and Poisson’s Ratio in 4 Layers
Model
Poisson's
Depth (m) Vp Vs
Layer Ratio
Soil Type
No PSLog
Top Bottom m/s m/s
Program
1 Clay 0 8.2 596 277 0.36
2 Sand (SM) 8.2 25.1 1507 248 0.49
3 Sand (SM) 25.1 36.0 2040 269 0.49
Sand (SM, SP-
4 36.0 50 1300 549 0.39
SM)

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Report on Downhole P and S Wave Velocity Logging at D-01 and D-02
Meghna Hotel and Resorts Ltd.
Test Depth: GL 0.0m to 50.0m
Traveltime (ms) Velocity (m/s)

0 50 100 150 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000

0
852m/s
116m/s 116m/s 852m/s Vp=852
Vs=116
1.9m 1.9m Vp=913
v=0.49
Vs=167
v=0.48
5 912m/s 167m/s 167m/s 912m/s

8.1m 8.1m Vp=1222

10 Vs=180
v=0.49

1221m/s 180m/s 180m/s 1221m/s

15

20 19.1m 19.1m Vp=956

Vs=325
v=0.43
Depth (m)

25

956m/s 325m/s 325m/s956m/s

30

35

38.1m 38.1m Vp=759

40 Vs=410
v=0.29

759m/s 410m/s 759m/s

410m/s

45

50
P-wave
S-wave

Figure 8: Downhole Seismic Analysis of P-Wave and S-Wave based on 5 Layers

Table 2: P-wave Velocity (Vp), S-Wave Velocity (Vs) and Poisson’s Ratio in 5 Layers
Model
Poisson's
Depth (m) Vp Vs
Layer Ratio
Soil Type
No PSLog
Top Bottom m/s m/s
Program
1 Fill Soil 0 1.9 852 116 -
2 Clay 1.9 8.1 913 167 0.48
3 Sand (SM) 8.1 19.1 1222 180 0.49
4 Sand (SM) 19.1 38.1 956 325 0.43
Sand (SM, SP-
5 38.1 50 759 410 0.29
SM)

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