CHILD AND ADOLESCENT LEARNERS AND

THELEARNING PRINCIPLES REVIEWERPART Social development: the process of

1: BASIC CONCEPTAND ISSUES ON HUMAN gaining the knowledge and skills needed to
DEVELOPMENT interact successfully with others.
Basic Concepts Emotional development: feelings and
GROWTH emotional responses to events; changes
Refers to quantitative changes in an in understanding one's own feelings and
individual as he progresses in chronological appropriate forms of expressing them.
age. It may refer to increase in size, height Moral development: the growing
or weight understanding of right and wrong, and the
DEVELOPMENT change in behavior caused by that
Progressive series of changes of an orderly understanding; sometimes called a
and coherent type leading to the individual’s conscience.
Transformation. The capacity and skills of 1. The following concept of development is
a person to adopt to the environment true EXCEPT:
Pertains to the behavioral aspects of growth A. Development is a continuous process.
MATURATION B. The sequence of development is the
Consists of changes that occur relatively same for all children.
independent of the environment. A C. Maturation has nothing to do with
development change due to aging development.
ATTACHMENT D. Certain reflexes present at birth
Refers to close emotional bond children anticipate voluntary movement.
normally form with those who care for them Answer: C. Maturation involves a series of
qualitative changes.
AREAS OF DEVELOPMENT
Physical development: the changes in 2. “Girls mature faster than boys”. Which
size, shape, and physical maturity of the principle of human development supports
body, including physical abilities and this?
coordination. A. Growth follows a pattern
Intellectual development: the learning and B. Maturation precedes learning
use of language; the ability to reason, C. Developmental rates vary
Problem-solve, and organize ideas; D. Every stage development has
it is related to the physical growth of the characteristic traits
brain.
  Growth
ANSWER: C. Development rates vary due
to a number of factors, from acquired traits
to food intake or nutritional factors.
3. Which statement on brain development is
CORRECT?
- Pertains to
A. Most of the neurons in the adult brain are
produced before birth. the physical
B. Most of the neurons in the adult brain are
produced at birth. change and
increase in
C. Most of the neurons in the adult brain are
produced after birth.
D. Brain development stops at childhood.
Answer
remarkably
A. brain
complex
development
process
is
that
a
is
size
controlled through interactions
intracellular signaling, secreted signaling
among
- Can be
molecules, and cell surface receptor
measured
4. The increase in the number
teeth, length of fingernails and hair, and
of
quantitatively
- Indicators of
weight of muscles manifests:
A. Growth
B. Development
C. Maturation
D. Adaptation
growth are
Answer: A. Growth and development refer
height,
to quantitative and qualitative changes,
respectively.
weight,
. Basic bone size and
Concepts dentition
- The growth - Involves
rate is rapid increase in
during the: the
a. Prenatal complexity
b. Neonatal of
c. Infancy function and
d. skill
Adolescence progression
- Slows during - The
childhood capacity and
- Minimal skill of a
during person to
adulthood adapt to the
 Developm environment
ent
- Pertains to - Usually
the considered to
behavioral be
aspect of genetically
growth programmed –
 the result of
Maturation heredity
- Consists of  ZPD
changes that - Zone of
occur proximal
relatively development
independent of wherein
the the child
environment acquires new
skills and
information genes, the
with the help basic units of
or assistance heredity
of  Environme
an adult or an nt
adult peer - Refers to the
 Heredity surrounding
- The process condition that
of influences
transmitting growth and
biological development
traits from  Theory
parents to - Ideas based
offspring on
through
observations of children
and other and adults
kinds of  Ethologica
evidences l Theory
which are - Views
organized in development
a systematic in terms of
manner evolutionary
- Used to concepts
explain and  Attachmen
predict the t
behaviors - Refers to the
and emotional
development bond to
another
person specific goals:
- Lasting 1. Helps the
psychological infant
connectedness maintain
between proximity
human beings (closeness to
- An innate the caretaker
(natural) . Basic
human Concepts
survival  Growth
mechanism - Pertains to
- A control the physical
system that change and
achieves increase in
these size
- Can be d.
measured Adolescence
quantitatively - Slows during
- Indicators of childhood
growth are - Minimal
height, during
weight, adulthood
bone size and  Developm
dentition ent
- The growth - Involves
rate is rapid increase in
during the: the
a. Prenatal complexity
b. Neonatal of
c. Infancy
function and 
skill Maturation
progression - Consists of
- The changes that
capacity and occur
skill of a relatively
person to independent of
adapt to the the
environment environment
- Pertains to - Usually
the considered to
behavioral be
aspect of genetically
growth
programmed – an adult or an
the result of adult peer
heredity  Heredity
 ZPD - The process
- Zone of of
proximal transmitting
development biological
wherein traits from
the child parents to
acquires new offspring
skills and through
information genes, the
with the help basic units of
or assistance heredity
of
 Environme which are
nt organized in
- Refers to the a systematic
surrounding manner
condition that - Used to
influences explain and
growth and predict the
development behaviors
 Theory and
- Ideas based development
on of children
observations and adults
and other  Ethologica
kinds of l Theory
evidences
- Views between
development human beings
in terms of - An innate
evolutionary (natural)
concepts human
 Attachmen survival
t mechanism
- Refers to the - A control
emotional system that
bond to achieves
another these
person specific goals:
- Lasting 1. Helps the
psychological infant
connectedness
maintain
proximity
(closeness to
the caretaker
THE HAVIGHURST DEVELOPMENTAL
STAGES

Robert Havighurst proposed a list of

common critical developmental tasks,
categorized into six stages of development.
The table below shows a partial list of
Havighurst developmental tasks.

Age Range Developmental Task

Infancy and Early  Learn to walk
Childhood  Learn to use the toilet
(0-5 years old)  Learn to talk
 Learn to relationship
with others
Middle Childhood  Learn school-related
(6-12 years old) skills such as reading
 Learn about
conscience and
values
 Learn to be
independent
Adolescence  Established emotional
13-17 years old independence
