1.

Battle of Mactan in Philippine History

- A brief summary of The battle of Mactan took place early on April 27, 1521, on a beach at
Mactan Island, which is now a part of Cebu, Philippines. It involved Lapulapu, the island's
chieftain, and the forces of Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan and local allies. In an
attempt to conquer Mactan headed by Lapulapu under the Spanish crown, Magellan, a
Portuguese-born captain serving the Spanish Empire, commanded a small Spanish troop. His
mission eventually led to the first circumnavigation of the globe. The overwhelming power of
Lapulapu, combined with problems with the location and armor, finally led to Magellan's death
and a catastrophic defeat for the Europeans.
- In that case, Filipino history holds that the "victory of Mactan" caused the Spanish to colonize
the country to be delayed by 44 years, until Miguel Lopez de Legazpi conquered the country in
1564–1565. Being the first "Philippine national hero" to oppose foreign rule, Lapulapu is now
recognized retroactively.

2. The Obligations of the Sons of the People, a set of duties and commitments that each member
of the group must uphold, was published in 1896 by Andres Bonifacio, the founder of the
Philippine Revolution and a former president of the Katipunan Supreme Council. The rules,
which constituted a decalogue, were a reflection of Bonifacio's fervent beliefs. While The
Kartilya was centered around the thirteen lessons that the Katipuneros used as a guide to live
virtuously. In both words and deeds, it served as a kind of code of conduct for authentic
Filipinos. This Kartilya ng Katipuan, in my opinion, lays out the steps for every Filipino to follow
in order to lead a meaningful life. Every lesson is different in that it addresses various facets of a
person's existence. The things that I learned from this two documents is that the two pieces are
nearly identical; their main themes are honor, integrity, love of country, and love for one's
fellow humans.

3. Remembering Martial Law in the Philippones: An Appeal for Justice and Vigilance

We have gathered here today to consider a dark period in the history of our country. the years
when the late dictator Ferdinand E. Marcos implemented martial law in 1972. Let's examine
why remembering Martial Law is an essential responsibility for all Filipinos and not just an
academic exercise as we honor this terrible period. Martial Law in the Philippines illuminates
one of the most sinister periods in the country's history. One of the example in this is the
Human Rights Abuses: Under the 14 years of martial law, the late dictator Ferdinand E. Marcos'
regime gravely violated people's rights. Political opponents, student activists, journalists,
religious workers, and farmers who opposed the Marcos regime were the targets of these
assaults. The challenge is to face this past head-on, look for the truth, and fight for justice.
Ignoring prior transgressions without guaranteeing responsibility feeds the vicious circle of
harm. Let us reflect, absorb knowledge, and strive for a more promising future for every Filipino.