PEDAGOGY OFENGLISH

B.Ed 1 st
semester
Unit- V
INSTRUCTIONAL MEDIA
Av BEd , paramakudi
Classification of instructional media in English
Mass media:
mass media includes the diverse arrays of media that reach a large
audience via mass communication.
The means of communication that reach large numbers of people in a
short time, such as television, newspapers, magazines, and radio.

Instructional media characteristics:

Instructional media can be classified on the basis of their
characteristics. we have studied in the nature and major characteristics of
media. There are four characteristics like:
1) Stimulation provided to sense organs
2) learner’s control over media
3) Type of experience they provide
4) their reach.
Classification of instructional media
• Instructional materials are also known as teaching learning materials (
T.L.M ). Instructional materials can be classified as print, audio ,visual,
audio visual ,and electronic interactive .
• it is defined as all the materials that can be used by the teachers to
contact teaching learning activities and support students in reaching
instructional objectives.
• Instructional materials give constant knowledge .seeing through eyes
is better than hearing through ears. Doing and getting direct
experience is the best of all . They help to get clear details neglecting
meaningless verbalism.
Classification of media
1) Audio
. Voice , Gramophone records, Audio tapes, Stereo record tapes, Radio, Telephonic
conversation.
2) Visual ( verbal) print
Textbook, Supplementary books ,Reference books, Encyclopaedia, Newspapers,
Magazines ,Documents , clipping from published material, Duplicated written material .
3) Visual ( non- projected, two – dimensional )
Message / pictures on roll – up board, Posters, charts, graphs, cartoons, Comics , Flat picture,
Cut- outs.
4) Visual ( non- projected , three- dimensional )
Models, mock – ups, display materials, Diagrams, globes , maps, puppets , Specimens.
5) Visual ( projected still)
Slides, film strips, overhead transparencies, Micro image system – microfilm , micro card ,
Audio- visual ( projected – motion ) , Film , Television , CCTV – Closed circuit television, Video
cassettes.
6) Multimedia package
Slide + tape
Slide+ tape+ workbook
Radio + slide or posters (radio vision)
Film+ posters + workbook ( print materials)
Television+ workbook ( print materials)
Characteristics of good teaching aids:
• Teaching aids should be ,
• Meaningful and purposeful
• Motivates the learners
• Accurate in every aspect
• Simple and cheap
• Improvised
• Large in size
• Up to date
• Easily portable
Use of mass media in classroom instruction

• A teaching aid is a tool used by teachers to help learners improve

reading and other skills, illustrate or reinforce a skill, fact or idea , and
relive anxiety, fears , or boredom , since many teaching aids are like
games.
• There are 5 categories of teaching aids:
1)Print aids
2) Audio aids
3) Visual aids
4) Audio- visual aids
5) Activity aids
• Print aids :-
Printed aids combine words, pictures, and diagrams to convey accurate and
clear information. Ex:- Textbook, newspaper, magazine, journals.
Audio aids:-
Audio materials are those which can be heard. Ex:- radio, tape recorder ,
Walkman, Headphones.
Visual aids:-
These are helpful to visualize the things. Ex:- display boards, 3d- aids, graphic
aids.
Audio visual aids:-
These aids can be heard and seen simultaneously. Ex:- projected aids, films,
TV.
Activity aids:-
There are certain learning situations in which student participation through
direct experiences can be easily incorporated, these are called activity aids.
The activity teaching aids are really of great values as they put students in a
role of active seekers of knowledge. Ex:- Field trips, Experiments,
Demonstrations, Dramatizations.
• Newspaper:-
Newspaper is a rich source of information. It communicate authentic information
immediately. Photographs, recent scientific information new strategies are all
published by the newspaper . Newspapers can be used to enhance skills in reading ,
writing , listening , speaking, mathematics , science etc.
News paper are called the living textbooks. Newspapers expands the curriculum
with an unlimited amount of information to use as background for learning
activities.
Newspaper can assist the English teacher in motivating the students by making
more relevant skills and concepts learned in the classroom . Newspapers are a
useful tool in the ELT classroom for improving reading skills and enhancing students
knowledge of current affairs . Newspapers can help students do develop not only
reading skill but also writing , grammar, vocabulary and speaking skills.
• Magazines
Magazine is a periodical publication containing articles and illustrations.
Often on a particular subject or aimed a particular readership.
magazines are available in printed from or online form. They are
generally published on a regular schedule and contain a variety of
content.
Magazines deal high school tutoring services , problems, theory of
higher secondary , jokes . Magazines develop English critical thinking.
Television
• Television is the most powerful medium of communication. It is a
convenient and economical medium of reaching a large cross section of
population. It combines the best of radio on the motion picture. It helps
overcome barriers to learning. There are various programmes which
provide up - to - date news around the world like discovery channel,
Animal planet, BBC , CNN , National geographic , ESPN , Ten sports ,
pudiya thalamurai , Doordarshan and so on.
• There are many Educational television programmes in India like
1) STV - Secondary school television project
2) DATV – Delhi agriculture television project
3) SITE – satellite instructional television Experiment
4) HETV – Higher educational television project
5) INSAT – Indian national satellite
Radio
• Radio is an important teaching aid for English. Though radio is used
for the purpose of entertainment, these days it is also used for
teaching purposes. A comprehensive course in language can also be
presented through radio. Radio technology offers a unique way for
teachers to integrate technology Into the curriculum .
• A radio is very useful to the language teacher because, it bring in
experts in language teaching whose instructions will be quite helpful
to the students.
• it is very easy to accessible and has a wide coverage.
• All kinds of listeners at all places can use the radio profitably.
• Children general knowledge widened.
Filmstrips
Film strips are sequence of transparent still pictures with individual frames
on 35mm film. A tap recorded narration can be synchronised with the film
strip. Each strip contains from 12 to 18 or more pictures. It is a fixed
sequence of related stills on a roll of 35mm film or 8mm film .
Types of filmstrip:
1) Discussion filmstrip
2) Sound Slide film
Discussion filmstrip: it is continuous strip of film consisting of individual
frames arranged in sequence usually with explanatory titles.
Sound slide film : it is similar to film strip but instead of explanatory titles.
Charts
• Charts are collection of pictures on large sheets of heavy paper or cloth, used like large maps .
Charts can include diagrams, graphs , chronological tables, list of words, substitution tables,
scientific facts, etc. Charts are very useful to give oral practice.
• Types of charts:
1) Narrative chart
2) The chain chart
3) The evolution chart
4) Strip tease chart
5) Pull chart
6) Flow chart
7) Tabulation chart
8) Pie chart
9) Flip chart
• Narrative chart : Arrangement of facts and ideas for expressing the events in the
process.
• The chain chart : Arrangement of facts and ideas for expressing transitions or
cycles.
• The evolution chart: Facts and ideas for expressing changes in specific items from
beginning data and it’s projections in to future.
• Strip tease chart : It increase the interest and imagination of the audience. The
information on the chart is covered with thin paper strips to which it has been
applied either by wax , tape or pins.
• Pull chart: it consists of written messages which are hidden by strips of thick
paper.
• Flow chart: diagrams used to show organisational elements or administrative.
• Tabulation chart: it shows the schedule of an activity or of an individual ex: time
table of a class.
• Flip chart : a set of charts related to specific topic have been tagged together and
hang on a supporting stand.
• Pie chart: pie chart (or a circle chart) is a circular statistical graphic which is
divided into slices to illustrate numerical proportion.
Flash cards
• Flash cards are a set of pictured paper cards of varying sizes that are
flashed one by one in a logical sequence. Flash cards can be self made.
Purposes;
To teach the students
To give health education
Useful for small group
Used in group discussion
Principles:
The messages can be brief , simple line drawing, cartoons and the content
will be written in few lines at the back of the each card.
10 “ × 12 “ or 22 “ × 28 “ is commonly used size.
10 – 12 Cards for one talk can be used. It should not be less than 3 and more
than 20.
Flash cards advantages
• Flash cards can be used to introduce and present topics.
• It can be used to review a topic .
• It can be used to apply information already gained by students to new
situations.
• can be used for drill and practice in elementary classes .
• To develop the cognitive abilities of recognition and recall of students.
Flash cards disadvantage:
Preparation is time consuming.
Can not be used for a large group.
Models
Models are “ three – dimensional representations of a real thing “.
New emerging media
Computer networking
Coming soon