Draft Ecological Sustainable DCP 2007

City of Sydney
Draft Ecological Sustainable

Development
Development Control Plan 2007
December 2007
CITY OF SYDNEY DRAFT ECOLOGICALLY SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT DEVELOPMENT CONTROL PLAN 2007
Prepared by City of Sydney
This DCP commenced operation on ....

© City of Sydney. All rights reserved. No part of this work will be
reproduced, translated, modified, transmitted or stored in any form
or by any means without the prior permission of the City of Sydney.
© City of Sydney December 2007

Table of Contents
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Citation 1
1.2 Area to which the plan applies 1
1.3 Commencement 1
1.4 Relationship to other Environmental Planning 1
Instruments and Development Control Plans
2 Purpose 3
2.1 Objectives 3
2.2 Application of this DCP 3
2.3 Definitions 4
3 Planning Controls 7
3.1 Environmental Rating tools 7
3.1.2 Provisions 7
3.2 Energy 10
3.2.1 Objectives 10
3.2.2 Provisions 11
3.3 Water 13
3.3.1 Objectives 13
3.3.2 Provisions 14
3.4 Stormwater and Water Sensitive Urban Design 18
3.4.1 Objectives 18
3.4.2 Provisions 19
3.5 Waste 25
3.5.1 Objectives 25
3.5.2 Provisions 26
3.6 Materials Selection 27
3.6.1 Objectives 27
3.6.2 Provision 27
Schedule 1 – Background to City of Sydney ESD rating Sch.1 - 1

tool for multi unit residential development
Schedule 2 - City of Sydney ESD rating tool for multi Sch.2 - 1
unit residential development
Schedule 3 – Technical manual Sch.3 - 1
© City of Sydney December 2007

1 Introduction
1.1 Citation
This Development Control Plan (DCP) is called the City of Sydney
Ecologically Sustainable Development Development Control Plan 2007.
1.2 Area to which the plan applies

This DCP applies to all land within the City of Sydney area as shown in
Figure 1, where the City of Sydney or Central Sydney Planning Committee
is the consent authority.
2
DISTRIBUTOR
EASTERN
CITY OF SYDNEY
local government area
Legend
City of Sydney boundary
Council or Central Sydney Planning
Committee consent authority
Minister’s consent authorities
1 Minister’s consent authority - Development

that is the subdivision of land or has a capital
investment value of more than $5 million
2 Minister’s consent authority - Development that
has a capital investment value of $5 million
Copyright © 2006 City of Sydney and

Land & Property Information.
No part of this map may be reproduced NORTH
without written permission.
JULY 2006 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1,000
METRES
Figure 1: The City of Sydney Local Government Area
1.3 Commencement
This DCP was adopted by the Council of the City of Sydney on … and the Central
Sydney Planning Committee on… The DCP commenced operation on...
1.4 Relationship to other Environmental Planning Instruments

and Development Control Plans
This DCP has been prepared having regard to State Environmental
Planning Policy (Building Sustainability Index: BASIX) 2004.
© City of Sydney December 2007 1

This DCP generally complements the provisions of the relevant

environmental planning instruments as they apply to the City of Sydney.
Upon commencement the following development controls plan provisions
will be repealed:
Central Sydney DCP 1996
4.3 Energy Efficiency of Buildings (Superseded by BASIX)
4.6 Urban Run-off
Leichhardt DCP 2000

B 1.4 Site Drainage and Stormwater Control
B 2.0 Ecologically Sustainable Residential Development (2.1-2.8 whole
section)
B 3.1 Solar Access – Residential Amenity and Energy Efficiency
(Superseded by BASIX)
C 1.3 Landscaping
C 2.0 Ecologically Sustainable Non - residential Development (2.1-2.9
whole section)
C 3.2 Air Pollution
C 3.3 Water Pollution
South Sydney Urban Design DCP 1997

Part E Environmental Design Criteria
1.5 Landscaping
1.7 Stormwater Drainage
5. Energy Efficiency (5.1 – 5.4 whole section) (Superseded by BASIX)
2 © City of Sydney December 2007

2 Purpose
The main purpose of this DCP is to provide a framework for the consideration
and implementation of ecologically sustainable development principles
for development within the City of Sydney Local Government Area.
2.1 Objectives
The objectives of this DCP are:
• To provide a comprehensive set of ecologically sustainable
development guidelines and requirements which will assist in the
lodgement and assessment of development applications;
• To increase the application of ecologically sustainable development
principles;
• To ensure the design and construction of development will minimise
the adverse impacts on the environment;
• To reduce the use of resources and reduce the amount of pollution
and waste resulting from development activity;
• To introduce continuous improvements in the quality of life in the City
including for amenity and health;
• To promote the use of renewable energy sources and materials;
and
• To promote education about the environmental, social and financial,
benefits of improving the environmental quality of development in the
City of Sydney.
2.2 Application of this DCP

Each section of controls in this DCP is complemented by a set of Practice
Notes. The Practice Notes provides applicants with additional information
or design guidelines that will assist in meeting the objectives of the DCP.
The following table provides a summary of which provisions apply to
development types:
Non Residential Development

Development Type Provision and/or Rating Tool
New Commercial office greater Provision 3.1.2 (1)
than 1000 square metres of net Green Star Commercial Rating
letable area. Tool - minimum 4.0 stars under
the Design and As Built Tool; and
Australian Building Greenhouse
Rating – minimum 4.5 stars.
Commercial Office refurbishments Provision 3.1.2 (2)
greater than 1000 square metres Australian Building Greenhouse
of net letable area. Rating – minimum 4.5 stars.
Non residential development Apply the following provisions in:
where the above rating tools do 3.2.2 Energy
not apply, that is:
3.3.2 Water
i) commercial office less than
1000 square metres of net 3.4.2 Stormwater and Water
letable area; or Sensitive Urban Design
3.5.2 Waste
3.6.2 Materials Selection.

ii) other non-residential

development such as
retail, restaurants and
accommodation.
Residential Development
Development Type Provision and/or Rating Tool
Multi unit dwelling development Provision 3.1.2 (3)
that contains more than six units BASIX – Greenhouse gas and
potable water reduction targets
City of Sydney Multi Unit ESD
rating tool - minimum 4.0 stars
For all other residential Apply the following DCP
development this DCP provides provisions:
Best Practice Guidelines to assist 3.4.2 Stormwater and Water
applicants. Sensitive Urban Design
3.5.2 Waste
3.6.2 Materials Selection
BASIX affected development BASIX – Greenhouse gas and
potable water reduction targets
2.3 Definitions
Appliance Energy It is currently mandatory for electrical products
Label and Rating such as refrigerators and freezers, clothes
washers, clothes dryers, dishwashers, air
conditioners, to carry an approved energy
label. The label uses a 0 – 6 star rating system.
Information on the energy rating and labelling
is available at the following website: www.
energyrating.gov.au
Active energy Systems which combine solar energy with local
efficiency systems climatic conditions and mechanical elements
to achieve thermal comfort inside buildings.
Such systems are characterised by increased
comfort and reduced usage of purchased
energy. An example of such systems is
adjustable shade devices working in concert
with ceiling fans.
Australian Building The greenhouse gas benchmarking system for
Greenhouse Rating measuring the energy efficiency of commercial
(ABGR) Scheme buildings using a 1-5 star rating system.
ABGR has recently been incorporated into
the National Australian Built Environment
Rating System (NABERS Office) operated by
the Department of Environment and Climate
Change (DECC). For more information see
http://www.nabers.com.au/ and www.abgr.com.
au
BASIX: NSW The NSW Government’s Building Sustainability
Building Index (BASIX) is a mandatory web-based
Sustainability Index planning tool which assesses the water
and energy efficiency of new residential
developments. BASIX includes reduction
targets for greenhouse gas emissions,
thermal comfort and potable water. For more
information go to www.basix.nsw.gov.au

Certifying Authority Refers to the person or organisation that is

responsible under the relevant legislation for
ensuring that a development complies with the
conditions imposed on the development under
the Environmental Planning and Assessment
Act 1979
Ecologically ESD means using, conserving and enhancing
Sustainable our natural resources so that ecological
Development (ESD) processes on which life depends, are
maintained, and the total quality of life, now
and in the future, is improved. ESD improves
the total quality of life for us now and also
for future generations (State of Environment
Guidelines, Department of Local Government)
Fitout Internal alterations and refurbishments to a
retail, commercial or industrial premises. Often
associated with a new tenant moving into the
premises. May include new building systems
such as lighting, heating or air conditioning.
Many decisions are made at fitout stage which
affect the sustainability performance of the
premises.
Green Building GBCA is a national, not-for-profit organisation
Council of Australia that promotes green building programs,
(GBCA) technologies and design practices and the
integration of green building initiatives into
mainstream design, construction and operation
of buildings. GBCA developed and operates
the Green Star environmental rating system.
Green Star Rating A environmental rating tool developed by the
tool Green Building Council of Australia for rating
the design and construction of new office
buildings. Rates buildings on a scale of 1-6
stars. 4 Stars is equivalent to ‘Best Practice’,
5 Stars is equivalent to ‘Australian Excellence’
and 6 Stars are defined as ‘World Leader’. For
further information please see the GBC website
at: www.gbcaus.org/greenstar
Greywater Water from uses such as basins and showers
that is captured for re use in areas such as
landscaping and cleaning. Does not include
water from toilets. For more information see
the Sydney Water and Health NSW web sites:
www.sydneywater.com.au , www.health.nsw.
gov.au .
Indoor Air Quality A measure of the quality of air within a building.
(IAQ) Significant factors affecting IAQ are ventilation
efficiency, airborne contaminants, thermal
comfort and the presence of airborne toxins
such as Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs).
Lighting Includes details of the design, efficiency and
management plan performance of lighting in a development.
Relates particularly to; location and luminance
of lighting, controls, energy efficiency, relation
between natural and artificial lighting
Minimum Energy It is mandatory for certain products
Performance manufactured in or imported into Australia to
Standards (MEPS) meet the MEPS levels specified in the relevant
Australian Standards. Information on MEPS
and the relevant products required to meet
MEPS is available at the following website:
www.energyrating.gov.au

Net letable Area As outlined in the Property Council of Australia

publication “Method of Measurement for
Letable Area”, March 1997
Water Efficiency WELS is Australia’s water efficiency labelling
Labelling and scheme that requires certain products to
Standards (WELS) be registered and labelled with their water
efficiency in accordance with the standard set
Scheme under the national Water Efficiency Labelling
and Standards Act 2005. Fixtures and fittings
such as showers, taps and toilets, as well as
white goods such dishwashers and clothes
washers are rated on 0 – 6 star scale. For more
information refer to: http://www.waterrating.gov.
au/
NB. The WELS label replaces the voluntary
water conservation rating ‘AAAAA’ label
endorsed by the Water Services Association of
Australia.

3 Planning Controls
3.1 Environmental Rating tools

The provisions in this section apply to:
• New commercial office buildings with a net letable area greater then
1000 square metres;
• Refurbishment of commercial office base building services with a net
letable area greater than 1000 square metres; and
• New residential multi unit development consisting of more than 6
dwelling units.
3.1.1 Objectives
The objectives of these provisions are to:
• To provide a comprehensive set of ecologically sustainable
development guidelines and requirements which will assist in the
lodgement and assessment of development applications; and
• To increase the application of ecologically sustainable development
principles in development.
3.1.2 Provisions
New Commercial Office Development
1) A development application is to include an ESD Design Statement
which demonstrates the potential for the proposed building to comply
with the requirements of provision (2) of this section.
2) New commercial office buildings with a net letable area of 1000
square metres or more must achieve the following:
a. A minimum rating of 4.0 stars under the Green Star Office Design
tool. A certified rating demonstrating a minimum 4.0 stars under
Green Star Office Design Assessment tool is to be submitted
before the issue of a construction certificate; and
b. A minimum rating of 4.0 stars under the Green Star Office As
Built tool. A certified rating demonstrating a minimum 4.0 stars
under Green Star Office As Built tool is to be submitted before
occupation certificate; and
c. The design of the building and its services is to achieve a rating
of 4.5 stars under the Department of Environment and Climate
Change’s (DECC) Australian Building Greenhouse Rating
(ABGR) scheme. A completed Commitment Agreement is to
be submitted prior to issue of a construction certificate and an
Independent Energy Assessment Report is to be submitted to
DECC prior to issue of a construction certificate.
Commercial Refurbishment
3) A development application is to include an ESD Design Statement
which demonstrates the potential to comply with the requirements of
provision (4) of this section.
4) Commercial office buildings undergoing a refurbishment of base
building services involving 1000 square metres of net letable area
or more must achieve a rating of 4.5 stars under the Department

Environment and Climate Change’s (DECC) Australian Building

Greenhouse Rating (ABGR) scheme. A completed Commitment
Agreement is to be submitted prior to issue of construction certificate
and an Independent Energy Assessment Report is to be submitted
to DECC prior to issue of construction certificate.
Practice Notes:
(i) An ESD Design Statement is a report prepared by an Accredited
Professional that demonstrates the proposed building has the
design potential to meet the Green Star and ABGR ratings required
by this DCP. The Statement is to include:
a. For Green Star, a credit summary checklist which nominating
identifying the credits that are proposed to be achieved and how
they are to be achieved. An applicant is to review the Green Star
checklist and consider the feasibility of the points nominated;
and
b. For ABGR, design evidence that the required rating can be
achieved.
(ii) Compliance with the DCP’s requirements for ABGR is to be
demonstrated by:
a. Entering into a Commitment Agreement with DECC, to deliver
this star rating for the base building, or for the whole building
where there is to be one tenant to occupy the whole building. The
applicant must provide a copy of the completed Commitment
Agreement to the Principal Certifier with their Construction
Certificate application; and
b. Providing a copy of the Independent Energy Assessment
Report to DECC and submitted with the Construction Certificate
application. The report is to follow the current guidelines in
DECC’s Australian Building Greenhouse Rating Scheme Design
Energy Efficiency Review and the Energy Efficiency Design
Review. The report should be based on the same documents
submitted with the construction certificate.
(iii) Commitment Agreement means an agreement that is set out in
accordance with DECC’s ABGR Commitment Agreement, which
is made/signed between DECC and the applicant/building owner/
building manager, to design, build and commission the premises to
an agreed star rating.
(iv) Star rating refers to the benchmarking system applied by DECC
for measuring the energy efficiency of a building, and known as the
ABGR Scheme.
(v) Base building means central services and common areas traditionally
supplied to tenancies of a building such as air conditioning, lifts and
common area lighting.
(vi) Tenancies means office space within a building covering tenant light
and power. This may include tenancy air conditioning if this has
been installed to service particular tenant loads, but does not include
central services.

(vii) Accredited Professional means a person accredited by the Green

Building Council of Australia to assess Green Star performance or
accredited by the NSW Department of Environment and Climate
Change to assess ABGR performance.
Multi Unit Residential
5) Multi unit development that contains more than 6 dwelling units must
achieve a minimum rating of 4 stars (45 points) under the City of
Sydney Multi Unit ESD Rating Tool. This is to be demonstrated by
completing and submitting the relevant certified ESD and Credit
Checklists with the Construction Certificate and the Occupation
Certificate.
Practice Notes:
(i) The City of Sydney Multi Unit ESD Rating Tool was developed by the
City of Sydney with the cooperation of the Green Building Council
of Australia. This tool uses the Green Building Council’s Green Star
framework and language. The environmental performance criteria
within it were developed on behalf of the City of Sydney.
(ii) At each stage of the development process the applicant is to
complete and submit the appropriate ESD Checklist. These are
located at Schedule 1 and www.cityofsydney.gov.au/
(iii) The City of Sydney Multi Unit ESD rating tool is supported by a
Technical Manual which is located at Schedule 3.
(iv) The City of Sydney Multi Unit ESD rating tool is designed to
compliment BASIX and does not require development to go beyond
the mandated BASIX targets. However, the tool does recognise
achievements and allocate points for greenhouse gas reductions
beyond the BASIX mandated targets.
Alternative Compliance
This provision applies to development subject to provisions (2), (4) and
(5) in section 3.1.2 of this DCP.
6) Where a development is required to meet a minimum standard under
a Rating Tool in this DCP, Council may consider the compliance
standard of the tool to be met, in full or part, where Council is
satisfied that the applicant demonstrates that alternative ecologically
sustainable development measures to be undertaken meet the
objectives and standards of the Rating Tool and this DCP.
7) Where an alternative compliance solution is proposed a development
application is to demonstrate that the solution:
a. Meets the objectives of this DCP and:
(i) Accords with the principles of ESD, as defined in this DCP;
(ii) Minimises adverse impact on the environment in the design
and construction of development;
(iii) Reduces the use of resources;
(iv) Reduces the amount of pollution and waste from
development;
(v) Improves the quality of life; and

(vi) Uses renewable energy sources and materials where

relevant;
b. Meets the objectives of the rating tool or the aim of a specific rating
tool credit criteria;
c. Meets or exceeds the relevant standards or outcomes identified in
the rating tool or rating tool criteria;
d. Has an equivalent or better environmental outcome which:
(i) Is demonstrated by documentary and scientific evidence; or
(ii) Has been demonstrated in practice to achieve the required
environmental outcome; or
(iii) Is demonstrated as equivalent to an Australian best practice
environmental outcome.
e. Has been certified as meeting the relevant objectives and outcomes
by an appropriately experienced and qualified ESD professional.
All Residential Development (Building Sustainability Index Or Basix)
BASIX is a mandatory web-based planning tool which assesses the
water and energy efficiency of new residential developments. The NSW
Government introduced BASIX to make sure dwellings use less water and
energy. BASIX applies to:
• All new houses and dual occupancy developments;
• All new residential multi-unit developments; and
• All residential alterations and additions requiring a development
application.
For these types of development a complying BASIX certificate must
be submitted with a development application. To get a certificate,
development applicants must complete an online assessment using the
BASIX tool. Details are at www.basix.nsw.gov.au. Council cannot assess
your application unless a complying BASIX Certificate is lodged.
3.2 Energy
This section applies to non-residential development that is not subject to
the rating tool provisions in 3.1.2 of this DCP, including but not limited to:
• Non residential buildings less than 1000 square metres of net letable
area; and
• Commercial development that is not office development such as
retail, restaurants and accommodation.
The design of buildings should follow the general principles of green
building design to reduce consumption of non-renewable energy
sources.
The Building Code of Australia introduced energy efficiency provisions
that apply to commercial buildings (Class 5-9) in 2006 and should be
read in conjunction with these provisions.
3.2.1 Objectives
The objectives of these provisions are to ensure that buildings:

• Use energy efficiently;

• Minimise the use of non-renewable energy;
• Reduce the peak demand on energy supply systems;
• Reduce greenhouse gas emissions;
• Make buildings more comfortable for occupants all year round;
• Reduce energy bills and the lifecycle cost of energy services; and
• Are able to monitor the electricity consumption of separate tenancies
and energy end uses.
3.2.2 Provisions
Building Energy Efficiency
1) For all non-residential buildings where the rating tools provisions
in 3.1.2 of this DCP do not apply must meet the Building Code of
Australia energy efficiency requirements. The City will apply these
provisions to alterations and additions except the insulation of
existing external building fabric where this is not possible or leads to
a floor space reduction.
Practice Notes:
(i) Star ratings for electrical appliances, including air conditioners, are
available at http://www.energyrating.gov.au and for gas appliances
at http://www.gas.asn.au in the Certified Product Directory.
Water Heating
2) Demonstrate that the development includes the most efficient water
heating option for the development through a ‘Energy Use and
Running Cost Analysis’ which shows:
a. Total annual energy use for water heating;
b. System losses as a percentage of total energy use;
c. Capital and annual running costs; and
d. Annual greenhouse gas emissions.
3) Where centralised hot water systems are installed:
a. Systems that use electric resistance as the only source of energy
for water heating are NOT encouraged due to their relatively high
greenhouse gas emissions;
b. Solar and heat pump systems must be eligible for at least 24
Renewable Energy Certificates (RECs);
c. Domestic type gas systems must have a minimum 3.5 Star
energy efficiency rating; and
d. Centrally pumped ring mains must not be installed.
Practice Notes:
(i) Different types and scales of development will benefit from either
centralised, distributed or point of use hot water systems.
(ii) Hot water pipes should be insulated with at least 10mm thick foil
outer wrap. Long pipe runs in centralised systems must have at least
20mm thick wrap.

(iii) Showerheads and taps must be water efficient AAA rated models to
minimise hot water use.
(iv) Avoid long hot water pipe runs which result in water being wasted
waiting for hot water to reach the tap, and energy being wasted to
heat the water that remains in the pipe when the tap is turned off.
(v) Solar water heaters should only be installed where the location is
suitable in accordance with AS/NZS 3500.4 otherwise consider
using solar heat pumps that do not require the same solar access as
normal solar systems because they do not need direct sunlight on
the roof panels.
(vi) Waste heat from air conditioning systems should be used to pre-heat
water for centralised hot water systems where feasible.
(vii) Cool air from heat pump systems should be used to pre-cool air for
air conditioning systems where feasible.
(viii) The number of RECs a solar or heat pump water heater qualifies for
can be found at: http://www.orer.gov.au
(ix) Renewable Energy Certificates reduce the purchase cost of solar
and heat pump water heaters.
(x) Energy ratings for gas water heaters can be found at http://www.gas.
asn.au in the Certified Product Directory for gas appliances.
(xi) Gas boosted solar systems generally have the lowest greenhouse
gas emissions, although electric solar and heat pump systems have
effectively zero emissions if run on GreenPower.
Equipment and Appliances

4) Any electrical equipment installed, which is covered by Minimum
Energy Performance Standards (MEPS), should exceed the minimum
standard by at least 10%.
5) Domestic size refrigeration and dishwashing appliances provided as
part of the development must be within 1.5 Stars of the most efficient
available of the same type and capacity category.
6) Fridges should be fitted with doors. Where open fridges are required
they must be fitted with insulating night covers.
7) Fridges and freezers must be located where they do not receive
direct sunlight.
Practice Notes:
(i) Equipment covered by MEPS can be viewed at http://www.
energyrating.gov.au/meps1.html.
(ii) MEPS currently cover three phase electric motors (0.73kW to
<185kW), three phase air conditioners (up to 65kW cooling), and
ballasts for linear fluorescent lamps, as well as some domestic
products. From October 2004, commercial refrigeration (self
contained and remote systems) and single-phase air conditioners
will be included.
(iii) Appliance energy ratings can be viewed at http://www.energyrating.
gov.au

(iv) Cooking exhaust systems should not be oversized for their proposed
use. Sensors or other controls that ensure they only operate during
cooking must be installed. Units that operate directly above cookers,
rather than generating high ventilation rates throughout the kitchen,
must be used.
(v) Hotels and other tourist accommodation should use a ‘Card Key’
system so that air conditioning and lighting in each guest room is
switched off when the room is vacated
(vi) Use timers to turn off unnecessary electrical and office equipment
outside of working hours. Office equipment should be Energy Star
compliant and activated http://www.energystar.gov.au
Sub-Metering
8) In multi floor or multi tenant developments, electricity sub-metering is
to be provided for light and power for each floor and/or tenancy.
9) Electricity sub-metering should be provided for significant end uses
that will consume more than 10,000 kWh/a.
3.3 Water
This section applies to non-residential development that is not subject to
the rating tool provisions in 3.1.2 of this DCP, including but not limited to:
• Non residential buildings less than 1000 square metres of net letable
area; and
• Commercial development that is not office development such as
retail, restaurants and accommodation.
A water efficient business will deliver water savings to both the organization
and the community. A litre saved is equal to a litre developed from a new
source such as a dam. The volume of water saved by non-residential
premises also often results in reduced volumes of discharge to sewer
and therefore reduced wastewater volume charges in the case of larger
customers, and can also reduce trade waste charges. New and existing
businesses have opportunities for putting in place measures that improve
water use efficiency and efficient use of water resources (water, wastewater
and stormwater).
Further information on various ways in which Sydney Water Corporation
provides help to its business customers in helping achieve water savings
can be obtained from http://www.sydneywater.com.au/html/yourBusiness/
yourbusiness_index.cfm
Water efficient design reduces the amount of scheme water used for
washing, cooling, flushing and irrigation. Water efficient appliances will
also save on heating bills and greenhouse gas emissions as less water
has to be heated for washing. Water efficient design is therefore about
using less water to achieve the same result (water garden, washing etc).
3.3.1 Objectives
• To identify water wastage and inefficiencies;

• To monitor water use, establish targets and to foster performance

(plant and behaviour) improvements that will yield water and cost
savings; and
• To maximise the adaptability of the building to accommodate
water reuse by facilitating current or future use of recycled water or
rainwater.
3.3.2 Provisions
Appliances and Fixtures
1) All new toilets, urinal flushing control mechanisms, showerheads,
dishwashers, washing machines and taps must have a minimum
AAA or 3 Star rating.
Practice Notes:
(i) AAA or 3 Star flush control mechanisms for commercial urinals
typically use smart demand operation, which triggers flushing via a
sensor mounted on the wall or ceiling. However, waterless urinals
are now available and are easily retrofitted into existing rest rooms.
(ii) For further information about the water labelling scheme, see http://
www.waterrating.gov.au/
Cooling
Water used for cooling purposes can represent a significant component
of the total water demand of a business. Passive cooling methods should
be explored before considering the installation of mechanical systems.
In the event that mechanical cooling methods are desired, highly efficient
water cooled ventilation systems, air cooled units and in ground heat
pumps should be considered. Nevertheless, mechanical cooling should
never be used as a substitute for good design.
2) Incorporate passive cooling methods that rely on improved natural
ventilation to supplement or preclude mechanical cooling, and
improve the energy efficiency of the building to reduce the heat
load.
3) Where cooling towers are used they are:
a. To be connected to a recirculating cooling water loop;
b. Discouraged where they are a single pass cooling systems;
and
c. To be connected to a conductivity meter so that the blow down or
bleed off system in a cooling tower can be automated based on
conductivity. This ensures that the water is being re-circulated an
optimum number of times before being discharged to sewer.
Practice Notes:
(i) A single pass cooling tower often uses 80-100% more water than a
cooling tower that re-circulates its make up water prior to discharge.
(ii) In the event that mechanical cooling methods are desired, examine
the feasibility of installing air cooled systems.

Sub Metering
Sub-meters are essential tools to achieve efficient water use. Sub-
meters can indicate the volume of water used for specific end uses such
as cooling or irrigation. The meters can be used to identify leaks and
inefficiencies to guide maintenance. They also help businesses establish
building management targets, manage costs and monitor improved
efficiencies. Sub-meters enable a comparison of water consumption and
sewer discharges over time to monitor and reduce water use and sewage
discharge costs.
4) Separate meters must be installed on separate units of occupancy
in commercial buildings. ie separate tenant areas within a shopping
centre.
5) Separate meters must be installed for the make-up lines to cooling
towers, swimming pools, on the water supply to outdoor irrigation
and other major uses.
Landscaping
Outdoor water savings can vary significantly. However, savings in the
order of 20% are easy to achieve with improved mulching, irrigation and
landscaping.
6) Natural landforms, watercourses and other water features are to be
retained or emphasised.
7) Areas likely to be subject to high water demand are to be fitted with a
water efficient irrigation system such as drip irrigation with moisture
sensors.
8) Irrigation should use rainwater or recycled water in preference to
scheme water.
Practice Notes:
(i) Preference is to be given to plant species that will require little
watering or no watering.
(ii) Planting should be grouped according to species with similar water
needs (hydrozoning).
(iii) Soil preparation techniques such as mulching are to be used
to improve soil condition, increase water retention and reduce
evaporation.
Water Re-use
9) Stormwater collected from roof runoff, in addition to outdoor use, may
be used to supply non potable water to toilets and laundry fixtures of
dwellings, commercial and industrial premises.
10) Development proposals that seek to reuse water runoff from paved
surfaces for irrigation and wash down purposes are to incorporate
into the development design water treatment measures. These
measures are to clean the water to exclude contaminants such as
litter, sediment and oil.
11) Where possible, water used for irrigation of public and private open
space is to be drawn from reclaimed water or harvested rainwater
sources.

Practice Notes:
(iv) Potable water is water that is suitable for all domestic and irrigation
needs.
(v) Non-potable water is water suitable for use in toilets, gardens,
irrigation, fire fighting, etc
(vi) Possible sources include harvested stormwater, treated greywater &
wastewater.
Rainwater Tanks
Rainwater harvested from the roof, stored in rainwater tanks and
appropriately treated can be used for meeting the water demand such
as:
• Toilet flushing;
• Cooling tower make up water;
• Water features; and
• Irrigation.
Harvested rainwater and recycled greywater can compete for the same
end uses (irrigation, toilet flushing etc). Please refer to the greywater
section and speak to your plumber, builder and Council to make an
informed decision on the system that best suits your needs.
12) Rainwater tanks are to be installed for all developments and plumbed
to appropriate end uses.
13) Rainwater tank sizes are to be appropriate to the end uses, roof size
and site opportunities.
14) Any proposed rainwater tank is required to be:
a. Equipped with a ‘first flush’ diversion system to exclude the initial
wash-off (first 5mm of rainfall) from a roof;
b. Connected to toilet, hot water, laundry and garden irrigation
fixtures;
c. Provided with screens on inlets and overflows to reduce
mosquito risk;
d. Provided where a tank is used for toilet flushing or other indoor
uses with a low level float valve to allow top-up from the mains
supply in order to maintain a small residual volume in the bottom
of the tank. The tank shall be designed in accordance with the
NSW Code of Practice and AS 3500; and
e. Provide an appropriate air gap in accordance with Sydney Water
requirements.
15) Rainwater tanks are to be designed in accordance with NSW
Health Guideline GL2005_033 and any Sydney Water requirements,
including Guidelines for Rainwater Tanks on Residential Properties
and associated amendments.

Wastewater Re-use
16) Where it is proposed as part of a development that the wastewater
will be reused, the wastewater is first to be collected through a
reticulated sewage system and treated at a conventional wastewater
treatment plant.
17) Within multi-dwelling and commercial/industrial properties,
wastewater (which includes greywater and blackwater) shall only be
reused where a centralised treatment system is proposed.
18) Wastewater can be collected, treated and re-used on site. Re-use
is to be restricted to toilet flushing and gardening. Appropriate and
clearly labelled signs stating “Not Suitable for Drinking” are required
on all taps that use reclaimed water.
Practice Notes:
(i) Rainwater is sourced from roof surfaces only.
(ii) The NSW Department of Health recommends that rain water collected
from roof surfaces in urban areas should not be used for drinking
and cooking purposes.
Greywater Reuse
Greywater reuse, employing NSW Health accredited treatment equipment,
turns wastewater into a resource. Depending on the level of treatment
provided, treated greywater can be used for irrigation, toilet flushing
and cooling tower make-up. Reusing wastewater for toilet flushing will
save between 40 and 110L/hh/day of scheme water depending on the
efficiency level of the respective toilet.
Recycled greywater and harvested rainwater can compete for the same
end uses (irrigation, toilet flushing etc). Please refer to the rainwater
tanks section and speak to your plumber, builder and Council to make
an informed decision on the system that best suits your needs. It should
be noted that rainwater provides a periodic supply depending on rainfall
and demand whereas greywater can provide a continual supply of
supplementary water. However the final decision will be informed by cost,
maintenance requirements, site opportunities and end use demand.
Applicants are encouraged to examine opportunities for on-site reuse of
greywater for irrigation, toilet flushing and cooling tower make-up using
NSW Health accredited treatment devices.
19) Where greywater is reused in a residential dwelling, all taps that use
the reclaimed water are to be clearly labelled with signs that state:
“Not Suitable for Drinking”, in accordance with AS1319.
20) Where greywater is proposed to be diverted to storage for later reuse,
the development proposal shall detail the treatment and disinfection
methods to be undertaken.
21) Where greywater is proposed for reuse, the development proposal
shall be restricted to the options permitted in table 1

Table 1 Greywater Reuse Options Permitted According to Treatment*
Treatment Greywater Reuse Application

Coarsely filtered untreated Sub-soil irrigation
greywater (excluding kitchen Sub-surface irrigation
greywater) – utilising a greywater
diversion device (i.e. no storage)
Treated and disinfected greywater Sub-soil irrigation
(to a standard of 20mg/L BOD5, Sub-surface irrigation
30mg/L of SS and 30 cfu
thermotolerant coliforms/ 100mL) Surface irrigation
Treated and disinfected greywater Sub-soil irrigation
(to a standard of 20mg/L Sub-surface irrigation
BOD5, 30mg/L SS and 10 cfu
thermotolerant coliforms/ 100 mL) Surface irrigation
Toilet flushing
Laundry use
* Table adopted from NSW Health (2000)
22) All sub-soil and sub-surface irrigation is to be a minimum of 100mm

below the ground surface.
23) Proposed greywater treatment system reuse schemes are to be
designed in accordance with:
a. NSW Health (2005), Grey Water and Sewage Recyling in Multi-
Unit Dwellings and Commercial Premises – Interim guidance;
b. NSW Health (2005) (or the most recent edition), Domestic
Greywater Treatment Systems Accreditation Guidelines;
c. Recent advice from NSW Health;
d. NSW Guidelines for Urban and Residential Use of Reclaimed
Water (NSW Recycled Water Committee, 1993); and
e. Any Sydney Water requirements. Further information and
examples on centralised wastewater reuse schemes can be
found on Sydney Water’s website (www.sydneywater.com.au),
as amended, or any subsequent new policy or guideline.
3.4 Stormwater and Water Sensitive Urban Design

This section applies to all development including those developments
where BASIX and rating tools apply.
The amount of stormwater run-off in an area relates to the intensity of
development in the area. Impervious surfaces increase run-off volumes
and velocities, resulting in a greater impact on the downstream
environment. Stormwater needs to be managed as a valuable resource
promoting conservation and reuse, revealing cost saving opportunities
and an enhanced visual amenity.
3.4.1 Objectives
• To reduce stormwater run-off volumes and peaks;
• To minimise the effect of stormwater pollution on receiving waters,
protect downstream habitat and ecological values; and

• Incorporate principles of water sensitive urban design into

developments.
3.4.2 Provisions
Water Sensitive Urban Design
1) A report that details how the proposed development complies with
the WSUD provisions of this DCP is to be provided for:
a. Residential development on land with an area of 1000m2 or
greater; and
b. All non residential development.
2) The post development run-off from impermeable surfaces (such
as roofs, driveways and paved areas) is managed by stormwater
source controls that:
a. Contain frequent low-magnitude flows;
b. Maintain the natural balance between run-off and infiltration;
c. Remove some pollutants prior to discharge into receiving
waters;
d. Prevent nuisance flows from affecting adjacent properties; and
e. Enable appropriate use of rainwater and stormwater.
Drainage
3) A suitably qualified engineer with experience in drainage design is to
assess the site drainage requirements for the proposed development,
and prepare the required site drainage plan in accordance with the
provisions of this DCP.
Practice Notes:
(i) Major drainage systems refer to “overland” drainage routes, which
can include roads and recreational areas.
(ii) Minor drainage systems refer to all gutters, pipes, culverts, open
channels, natural creeks and other stormwater infrastructure.
(iii) The Annual Exceedence Probability (AEP) is defined in the NSW
Floodplain Development Manual 2005.
Major Drainage Systems
4) Major drainage systems are to be designed to convey flows:
a. Above the 20% AEP event for properties less than 1000m²; and
b. Above the 5% AEP design event for all other properties.
5) The development proposal is to show how the major drainage
system is designed is to address any site specific conditions, and
how it connects into the downstream drainage system.
6) Major drainage systems are to be designed in a manner that ensures
that personal safety is not compromised.

Minor Drainage Systems

7) Minor drainage systems are to be designed to convey all minor
flows:
a. Up to the 20% AEP event for properties less than 1000m²; and
b. Up to the 5% AEP for all other properties.
8) The discharge of minor flows by proposed development to the
kerb is not permitted where a direct connection can be made to an
existing stormwater pipe, unless it can be demonstrated that there is
sufficient capacity within the existing gutter and the resulting velocity
X depth within the gutter remains below 0.4 m.
9) Where the proposed development is located on a floodplain, high
level overflows are permitted for roof drainage systems where the
overflow is set above the 1% AEP level.
10) Where connection is proposed to the existing stormwater
infrastructure, there must be minimal impact (less that 10%) on the
capacity of the infrastructure. The development proposal is to show
the level of impact on the existing stormwater infrastructure as a
result of the proposed new connection.
11) Major drainage systems are to be designed in a manner that ensures
that personal safety is not compromised.
On-site Detention
12) On-site detention is not required for a development on the floodplain,
as defined by the 100 year ARI.
13) Where the site conditions allow, a common on-site detention system
is to be provided for larger development, instead of multiple individual
on-site detention systems.
14) Rainwater tanks are not permitted as a form of stormwater drainage
detention.
15) The 1% AEP flows generated from the development of a site with
an area less than 1000m² is to be equivalent to the 20% AEP flows
generated from the pre-developed site with no detention.
16) The development of a site with an area of 1000 m² or greater is to
incorporate staged on-site detention such that the:
a. stage 1 – 10% AEP flows generated from the developed site are
equivalent to 50% AEP flows generated from the pre-developed
site with no detention; and
b. stage 2 – 1% AEP flows generated from the developed site are
equivalent 20% AEP flows generated from the pre-developed
site with no detention.
Practice Notes:
(i) Sydney Water has specific requirements for on-site detention for
properties that discharge directly to Sydney Water assets. This
provision applies to properties which do not discharge directly to
Sydney Water infrastructure.

(ii) Rainwater tanks, while not allowed for stormwater detention can be
utilised for stormwater retention.
Stormwater Retention
17) The design of the development proposal is to ensure that the post-
development stormwater volumes generated from the site during an
average rainfall year are:
a. 70% of the volume if no measures were applied to reduce
stormwater volume; or
b. The equivalent volume generated if the site were 50% pervious
(grass), whichever results in the greater volume of detention
required.
Detention Devices
18) Stormwater detention devices are to be designed to ensure that the
overflow and flowpath:
a. Has sufficient capacity during all design rainfall events;
b. Discharges to the public stormwater system without affecting
adjoining properties; and
c. Is free of obstructions e.g. fences.
Filtration and Bio-retention Devices
19) Filtration & bio-retention devices are to be designed to capture and
provide temporary storage for stormwater.
20) Where swales are proposed, they are to be incorporated into open
space, and road and footpath design in accordance with best
practice sustainable water management techniques.
Stormwater Pollutant Load
21) Where residential and non-residential development is proposed on
sites 1000m2 or larger, a stormwater quality assessment is to be
undertaken by the applicant. As a result of development, there is
to be no increase in the average annual pollutant loads from a site
under the ‘Baseline’ condition.
22) All stormwater pollutant load calculations are to be undertaken using
an industry accepted stormwater quality computer model. This is to
be undertaken by a suitably qualified engineer with experience in
WSUD.
23) To establish the ‘Baseline’ condition, the annual pollutant loads is to
be verified for the Post Development scenario without the application
of measures. The ‘Baseline’ is then be determined based on the
criteria established in table 2 ‘Baseline Pollutant Criteria’ below:

Table 2 Baseline Pollutant Criteria
Pollutant Required Reduction from Post

Development Scenario (no
measures applied)
Litter (trash litter and vegetation 90%
larger than 5mm)
Total Suspended Solids 80%
Total Phosphorous 45%
Total Nitrogen 45%
24) To satisfy the ‘Baseline’ pollutant load condition, proposed

developments are to incorporate industry accepted WSUD
techniques.
25) Proposed developments are to:
a. Demonstrate that the pollutant load reduction targets are met by
a proposed scheme using an industry accepted water quality
model;
b. Design the sizing and configuration of WSUD techniques based
on water quality modelling; and
c. Prepare a maintenance schedule, where maintenance or
full replacement of the device/ installation is required, of any
proposed WSD measures. This is to include the likely recycling
or disposal location of any wastes that may result.
This is to be undertaken by a suitably qualified engineer with experience
in WSUD.
26) Where residential and non-residential development is proposed on
sites less than 1000m², the development is to be designed in such a
manner that the exportation of pollutants from the site is reduced.
Practice Notes:
(i) Baseline condition refers to the minimum target that the proposed
development is required to meet
(ii) WSUD techniques include (but are not limited to) street tree planter
bioretention systems, rain garden bioretention systems, bioretention
swale systems and gross pollutant traps.
(iii) Refer to Engineers Australia ‘Australian Runoff Quality – A Guide to
Water Sensitive Urban Design’ 2005
Stormwater Management
27) The management of stormwater generated from within a development
site is to minimise any adverse impact on downstream systems by:
a. ‘Fitting’, as much as possible, within the hydrology of the natural
system;
b. Giving emphasis to stormwater detention, vegetated overflow
lines, and the sensitive location of discharge points;
c. Minimising non-porous surfaces;
d. Storing water for re-use (eg. via rainwater tanks);

e. Retaining existing trees;

f. Avoiding the development of those parts of the site needed for
natural or modified drainage, floodplains, remnant vegetation,
and other environmental values; and
g. Designing stormwater drains to accept only rainwater and to
exclude other pollutants.
28) A local drainage management plan is required for development on
sites of:
a. 1000 m² or more in the Fowler’s Creek catchment area (draining
to Johnston’s Creek); or
b. 1800 m² or more in other catchments.
29) This management plan is to address:
a. The hydrology of the locality and its relationship to the drainage
system;
b. The distribution of soil types and the scope for on-site
infiltration;
c. Any expected rise in ground water level due to development;
d. The role of the principal landscape components on the site for
water conservation and on-site detention;
e. The scope for on-site stormwater detention and retention,
including the collection of water for re-use;
f. How any detrimental impacts on the existing natural hydrology
and water quality are proposed to be minimised;
g. How pedestrian safety is to be ensured; and
h. Integration of drainage management responses and open
space areas.
30) Development on sites identified in Map 1 are required to integrate
on-site stormwater detention with open space.
Practice Notes:
(i) Storm water drains are only designed to accept rainwater. Other
concentrated matters in the stormwater system may result in
pollutants entering natural waterways. The management of storm
water and other drainage within a site should maximise opportunities
to ‘hold and use the rain where it falls’.
(ii) Reference should be made to:
• Council’s Code of Standard Requirements for the Discharge of
Stormwater from Private Properties;
• Council’s Stormwater Pollution Policy ‘The Muck Stops Here’;
and
• Sydney Coastal Council’s Stormwater Pollution Control Code for
Local Government.

Stormwater Detention/Open Space

Legend
City of Sydney LGA boundary
City of Sydney DCP boundary
Site where stormwater

detention is integrated
with and/or dedicated open space
Fowlers Creek
catchment area
Major drainage lines

(position indicative only)
DRAF T CITY OF SYDNEY

Development Control Plan 2007
Copyright © 2007 City of Sydney and Land & Property Information. All Rights Reserved.
This map has been compiled from various sources and the publisher and/or contributors accept
0 500 1,000m
no responsibility for any injury, loss or damage arising from its use or error or omissions therein.
August 2007 NORTH
While all care is taken to ensure a high degree of accuracy, users are invited to notify any map
discrepancies. No part of this map may be reproduced without written permission.
Map 1: Stormwater Detention/Open Space

Stormwater Management During Construction

31) All developments proposals are to submit plans in accordance with
Managing Urban Stormwater – Soil and Construction (4th Edition,
2004), or the most recent revision of this document.
32) Reference must also be made to the City of Sydney Guidelines for
Erosion and Sediment Control on Buildings Sites.
Practice Notes:
(i) A copy of Managing Urban Stormwater – Soil and Construction can
be obtained on www.cityofsydney.nsw.gov.au
Additional Provisions for Commercial and Industrial Properties
33) Development proposals for service stations, motor showrooms,
and vehicle repair stations and vehicle body repair workshops are
to capture all stormwater up to the 3 month ARI event within the
site to reduce the risk of stormwater pollution caused by spilled
contaminants. The critical duration storm for the property and the 24
hour duration storm should be analysed.
34) Drainage and waste disposal is to be conducted to the levels
specified by the EPA.
35) The design of all streets, public domain elements and impervious
paved and landscaped surfaces must reflect current WSUD best
practice to the satisfaction of the consent authority.
3.5 Waste
This section applies to all development except:
• New commercial office development over 1000 square metres NLA;
and
• Multi unit residential development consisting of more than 6
dwellings.
On average, NSW sends up to 1.5 million tonnes of construction &
demolition waste to landfill each year. This is up to 40 per cent of the total
waste going to landfill. Many landfills in Sydney are reaching the end of
their usability and new sites are further and further away. Landfill disposal
costs will therefore continue to rise significantly.
Building waste is a valuable resource and sending it straight to landfill is
like throwing money in the bin. Minimising and recycling building waste
leads to significant economic, social and environmental benefits. It is
well documented that effective waste management practices can reduce
costs by up to 50 per cent. Efficient use of materials can also cut materials
and labour costs.
3.5.1 Objectives
• Reduce volume of waste generated;
• Reduce volume of waste going to landfill;
• Reduce demand for non-renewable materials;

• Prevent pollution and environmental degradation;

• Support industries that recycle and re-use building materials;
• Achieve developments that are compact, use space and materials
efficiently and are built to last;
• Encourage demolition and construction techniques that will minimise
volume of waste generated and allow the highest value use of
recovered materials;
• Promote at-source separation of waste by occupants;
• Facilitate easy separation of waste for recycling by building occupants
and easy removal by waste contractors;
• Provide waste storage areas which are integrated with the design
of the development, are easily accessible and have minimal visual
impact; and
• Reduce the demand for non-renewable materials.
3.5.2 Provisions
On-site Waste Management
1) A Waste Management Plan (WMP) is to be submitted with the
development application and must contain:
a. Types of waste to be produced;
b. Likely quantities of waste to be produced;
c. Location of on-site storage facilities for waste materials;
d. Re-using or recycling methods for waste either on-site or off-
site;
e. Targets for recycling and re-use, and person responsible for
ensuring targets are met; and
f. Confirmation that all waste going to landfill is not recyclable or
hazardous.
2) For new buildings and major renovations, the total percentage (by
weight) of construction and demolition waste (bricks, concrete, roof
tiles etc) is reused on site or diverted for re-use or recycling must be
at least 60%.
3) Kitchens, office tearooms and the like shall be designed with
sufficient capacity to include multi-bin sorters capable of storing
paper, containers (PET/HDPE plastics, glass and metals), organics
and non-recyclable waste separately. Multi bin sorters are to be
located for ease of use and labelled clearly.
4) Storage facilities for separated waste (paper, containers and organic
waste) must be included in all commercial developments and
indicated on the plans.
5) The storage facilities must be easily accessible to building occupants
and removal vehicles and of sufficient size and capacity to service
the building.
6) The storage facilities must be screened from view from any public
place or adjoining property.

Practice Notes:
(i) Sort construction and demolition waste on-site by materials groupings
to allow for easy re-use and recycling.
(ii) Keep stockpiled, separated materials uncontaminated and, if
appropriate, protected from weather to ensure the highest possible
re-use value.
(iii) Site stockpiles to take account of environmental factors such as
slope, drainage, location of water courses and vegetation.
(iv) More detailed waste management controls are in the City of Sydney
Code for Waste Minimisation in New Developments 2005.
(v) A Guide to Waste Management Planning (2002), Resource NSW, For
a copy call 02 8837 6000 or email: info@resource.nsw.gov.
(vi) Construction and Demolition Recycling Directory, Resource NSW,
available at: www.resource.nsw.gov.au.
3.6 Materials Selection

This section applies to all development except:
• New commercial office development over 1000 square metres NLA;
and
• Multi unit residential development consisting of more than 6
dwellings.
The use of materials in building construction, renovation and refurbishment
is a major contributor to environmental impact. Use materials efficiently
and select environmentally preferred materials for use in construction,
renovation and refurbishment.
3.6.1 Objectives
• Prevent ecological degradation and protect biodiversity and habitat;
• Reduce depletion of non-renewable material resources;
• Reduce the greenhouse-related impacts of material production,
transport and use;
• Reduce material waste and increase the recovery of waste for re-use
in buildings;
• Expand the market for re-used materials and materials with recycled
content;
• Discourage the use of materials and finishes with associated
detrimental health and environmental impacts; and
• Create healthier indoor environments.
3.6.2 Provision
1) The Statement of Environmental Effects must demonstrate the extent
to which environmentally preferred materials are used in the building
works.

Practice Notes:
(i) Generally, an environmentally preferred material is one that meets
the objectives set out in this section. Note: Environmentally preferred
materials can be identified and selected using EcoSpecifier and the
other materials choice databases listed in this section.
(ii) Applicants are encouraged to include the following in development
proposals:
a. Use timber and composite timber products that meet the
following standards:
i. Timber supplied from sustainable plantation sources, with
Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) or Australian Forestry
Standard (AFC) Certification;
ii. Timber specified by EcoSpecifier, the Wilderness Society’s
One Stop Timber Shop or Friends of the Earth’s Good
Wood Guide 9th Edition; or
iii. Re-used/recycled;
b. Specify smaller section timbers and sizes to allow use of
plantation and regrowth timbers;
c. Use of any timbers from forests with high conservation value,
including rainforests, is strongly discouraged;
d. Adaptive re-use of existing building facades and existing building
structure is strongly encouraged where feasible;
e. Use of materials with recycled content is encouraged. Examples
of common building materials that can contain recycled content
are concrete, steel, insulation, composite timber products,
carpet, underlay and many cladding materials;
f. The use of recycled-content steel and concrete is particularly
encouraged, as this can reduce a typical commercial building’s
embodied energy by up to one third;
g. Use of rapidly renewable natural materials such as bamboo, jute,
sisal and cork for interior finishes and furnishings is encouraged.
These are known as ‘fast cycling’ because they grow quickly to
replenish stock;
h. Many common building materials and finishes emit or ‘out-gas’
pollutants over time. Exposure to indoor pollutants can cause
headache, fatigue and eye, skin and respiratory irritation;
i. Generally, select materials and finishes containing low to zero
levels of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) and other toxic
chemicals. This is particularly important for large surfaces such
as walls, ceilings and floors. Where possible, use materials that
do not require finishes and avoid solvent-based products;
j. At least 95% of all painted indoor surfaces must use water-
based low emission interior paints such as ‘zero VOC’ paints or
plant-based bio-paints;

k. Consider using low emission finishes to timber floors and joinery

such as plant-based hard oils and waxes, or purchase material
pre-finished;
l. If using composite timber products such as MDF, plywood
or laminated timbers indoors, select products that meet the
E1 standard for low formaldehyde (formaldehyde is a VOC
commonly used in composite timber products). For large
projects, it may be possible to obtain E0 standard products,
which emit at least 50% less than E1;
m. Choose water-based sealants and adhesives where possible;
n. Consider replacing organic chlorine-based materials such as
PVC and vinyl with environmentally preferred alternatives which
may include PVC products without heavy metals or plasticisers
or high-density polyethylene (HDPE);
o. Use of timber treated with toxic preservatives such as CCA
(copper chrome arsenate solution) is strongly discouraged.
Environmentally preferred treatments and suppliers can be
found in EcoSpecifier;
p. Do not use ozone-depleting materials such as CFC or HCFC-
based refrigerants. There are viable alternatives such as
hydrocarbons, ammonia, etc; and
q. Avoid heavy metals. Select NiMH (nickel metal hydride) batteries
in preference to lead-acid; zinc plated fixings in preference
to cadmium plated; and minimise chrome plated fittings and
fixtures (stainless steel or other finishes are preferred).

Schedule 1
Background to City of Sydney ESD
rating tool for multi unit residential
development
Sch.1 - 1 © City of Sydney December 2007

Introduction
This tool has been developed to provide a wide range of measurable
environmental performance indicators and a detailed compliance path for
each. There are around 50 performance criteria through which a building
design team can achieve points towards the compliance benchmark
of 4 stars. This allows them to make the most of site opportunities and
work within constraints. The tool is not a design guide or a construction
guide.
The tool provides the following benefits:
• Certainty for all stakeholders about what is required of new
development to comply with the City’s ESD criteria;
• Guaranteed environmental improvements for all new development;
• Increased flexibility to allow the implementation of the most
appropriate environmental initiatives for a given site;
• More clarity of compliance paths for provisions;
• Capacity to make incremental changes to a commonly accepted
system as advancements in ESD construction methods and building
services improve environmental performance;
• Capacity to provide different ESD requirements depending on the
sensitivity and public importance of the site, whilst still using a
common metric (the ESD rating system);
• Potential for independent certification of new development in the
future;
• The level of documentation required to demonstrate compliance
is more commensurate with the level of detailed documentation
available at that stage of the design process; and
• A quicker and more accountable approval process.
The development of the tool is modelled on Green Star and draws on its
language and methodology. It also integrates the BASIX requirements for
energy and water to ensure that established metrics are used wherever
appropriate.
How this tool works

The tool includes eight environmental impact categories:
• Management;
• Indoor Environmental Quality;
• Energy;
• Water;
• Materials;
• Land Use and Ecology; and
• Emissions.
© City of Sydney December 2007 Sch.1 - 2

The categories are divided into credits, each of which addresses an

initiative that improves or has the potential to improve a design, project or
building’s environmental performance. Points are awarded in each credit
for actions that demonstrate that the project has met the credit aim.
Once all credits in each category are assessed, a percentage score for
the category is calculated. An environmental weighting factor is then
applied to each of the project’s category scores to reach a single score.
Applying a weighting to each category score, ensures that each category
is appropriately represented within the rating tool, in line with current
knowledge and opinion.
Category Score
The Category Score is determined for each category based on the
percentage of credits achieved, as follows:
Number of points achieved

Category =
Number of points achievable
For example, if 12 Energy points are achieved out of a total available of
24 then the category score is 50%. Similarly, if two Land Use and Ecology
points are achieved out of a total of eight available then the category
score is 25%.
The rating is based on the Category Scores after they are weighted and
NOT the total number of points achieved. Just because a category has
a large number of points available, doesn’t mean that achieving those
points will increase the overall performance to the same extent as a similar
quantity of points in a different category.
Weighted Category Score

Each Weighted Category Score is calculated as follows:
Weighted Category Score = Category Score (%) x Weighting Factor (%) x 100
Using the example provided in the Category Score section above, the
Weighted Category Score for Energy is 0.5 x 0.3 x 100 = 15.
Similarly, for Land Use and Ecology the Weighted Category Score is 0.25
x .05 x 100 = 1.25.
Overall Score
The Overall Score is determined by adding together all the Weighted
Category Scores. The maximum possible score for the weighted
categories is 100.
The Star Rating is determined by comparing the overall score with the
rating scale shown below.
An overall score of 45 is the minimum required for approval for all new
medium density residential development in the City of Sydney. An overall
score of 45 is equivalent to a Green Star Rating of 4 Stars and the top 25%
of the market in terms of ESD performance. The score is intentionally the
same as the Green Star 4 Star minimum requirement.

The Green Star Ratings allocated for various Overall Scores are shown in
the table below:
Overall Score Star Rating Notes

10-19 One Star Not compliant with DCP
20-29 Two Star Not compliant with DCP
30-44 Three Star Not compliant with DCP
45-59 Four Star Minimum requirement
60-74 Five Star Australian Excellence (not
required by the DCP)
75+ Six Star World’s Best Practice (not
required by the DCP)
Applicability
What projects does this rating system apply to?
The City of Sydney Medium Density ESD Rating System component of
the DCP is applicable to all new multi unit residential developments with
more than six (6) dwellings.
How does it apply for Mixed-Use Developments?
This rating tool is to be applied to all developments containing at least
6 residential dwellings. Where buildings are mixed-use developments
consisting of a variety of different space types, the rating system is
applied as follows:
• If the non-residential space types are all <1000m² in net letable
area (NLA):
- use the Multi unit ESD Rating Tool for residential component;
and
- DCP provisions 3.2 -3.5 for non-residential component.
• If one or more non-residential space types exceed 1000m² in
NLA:
The required score for compliance becomes an area-weighted
Overall Score for each of the development types, with non-
residential space types required to use Green Star Office as
described in the 3.1 of this DCP.
Example:
A new development is a 10,000m² tower in the CBD which includes 500m²
in NLA of retail on the ground floor, 4,500m² in NLA of commercial office
space and 5,000m² of residential dwellings.
• Green Star Office is to be used as the assessment methodology
for the commercial space.
• This Medium Density ESD Rating System) it to be used to assess
the residential space.
• The retail space is to be assessed against DCP provisions 3.2
-3.5.

To calculate the compliance score, the overall score from the Green
StarOffice assessment and Medium Density Residential ESD rating
systems are weighted on the basis of area. So, if the commercial
component had an overall score of 47 and the residential component
had an overall score of 44, the compliance score would be:
Compliance Score =
4500 5000
( x 47) + ( x 44) = 45.4 compliance
9500 9500
As long as this score is at least 45, compliance can be achieved, even if
one of the space types does not achieve a pass in its own right (such as
the example above).
This provides greater flexibility in design whilst maintaining an equivalent
environmental outcome.
Implementation
Larger developments in the City of Sydney will have a four-stage approval
process consisting of the following:
• Stage 1 Development Application (DA);
• Stage 2 Development Application (DA);
• Construction Certificate; and
• Occupancy Certificate.
The Multi unit rating tool technical manual details requirements for each
stage.
Stage 1 Development Application Submissions
At Stage 1, a commitment to achieve an overall score of 45 points using the
ESD Rating tool is required. To confirm this, the applicant must complete
a 1-page Stage 1 DA ESD Checklist nominating sufficient credits that are
intended to be achieved for the project to obtain the overall score of at
least 45.
Applicants are to review the ESD rating system and consider the feasibility
of points claimed on the ESD Checklist.
Stage 2 Development Application Submissions
At stage 2 a commitment to achieve an overall score of 45 points using
the ESD Rating tool. This is a reconfirmation of the Stage 1 DA process,
with some additional information required. The applicant must complete
the one page Stage 2 DA ESD Checklist nominating sufficient credits that
are intended to be achieved for the project to obtain the overall score of
at least 45.
To prevent situations where unattainable credits are nominated as part
of the Stage 2 DA submission, some credits require signed certification
from the appropriate design party to confirm that the intent of a credit is
understood and that the credit is achievable. For example, if dwellings are
claimed to have excellent daylight levels, the architect or ESD consultant
are required to confirm that the target is understood and achievable for
that building design.

The intent of this process is to minimise the risk of projects being unable
to demonstrate compliance at a later stage in the approval process. The
tool also ensures ESD initiatives are implemented early in the design
process and will therefore be less costly than being incorporated towards
the end of the design phase, or during construction.
Construction Certificate Approval
At this stage the applicant is to verify that the design documentation for
construction achieves compliance with an overall Score of 45 points.
The applicant must complete the 1-page Construction Certificate ESD
Checklist nominating sufficient credits that have been implemented in the
design for the project to obtain the overall score of at least 45.
For each credit where either points or non-applicability have been
claimed, the applicant must also complete a Construction Certificate
Credit Checklist for that particular credit.
The Construction Certificate Credit Checklist, in conjunction with this
Technical Manual, details the documentation that is required by the
Certifying Authority for compliance with the credit to be demonstrated. It
also carries many of the summary calculations required to confirm where
benchmarks have been achieved.
For more information on how to complete the Construction Certificate
Credit Checklist, refer to the separate chapter below. Once the Certifying
Authority is satisfied that the Construction Certificate Credit Checklist for
a given credit has been completed correctly with all information attached,
points will be awarded and counted towards the Overall Score.
Approval to begin construction will be conditional on an Overall Score of
at least 45 being achieved.
Note that the Applicant may submit for credits not claimed in the DA
Stage 1 and 2 Applications and may choose not to comply with credits
nominated at the Stage 1 and 2 Applications, so long as the Overall Score
is demonstrated to be at least 45.
Occupancy Certificate Approval
At this stage the applicant is to demonstrate that the completed
development achieves compliance with an overall score of 45 points.
The Applicant must complete the one page Occupancy Certificate ESD
Checklist nominating sufficient credits that have been implemented in the
final built form for the project to obtain the overall score of at least 45.
For each credit where either points or non-applicability have been
claimed, the applicant must also complete an Occupancy Certificate ESD
Checklist for that particular credit.
The Occupancy Certificate ESD Checklist, in conjunction with this
Technical Manual, details the documentation that is required by the
Certifying Authority for compliance with the credit to be demonstrated. It
also carries many of the summary calculations required to confirm where
benchmarks have been achieved.
For more information on how to complete the Occupancy Certificate
Credit Checklist, refer to the separate chapter below.

Once the Certifying Authority is satisfied that the Occupancy Certificate

Credit Checklist for a given credit has been completed correctly with all
information attached; points will be awarded and counted towards the
Overall Score.
Approval to begin occupancy is conditional on an Overall Score of at
least 45 being achieved.
Note that the Applicant may submit for credits not claimed in the
Construction Certificate Application and may choose not to comply with
credits nominated at the Construction Certificate Application, so long as
the Overall Score is demonstrated to be at least 45.
Completing Checklists
This section describes how the checklists are completed and used to
ensure an efficient and accountable approval process.
General
Checklists are to be completed and submitted either on-line or
electronically in Excel spreadsheet format.
Checklists are completed at different stages by both the applicant and
a Certifying Authority. To assist this process, they are colour-coded.
Applicants enter information into the white boxes relating to the question
or title in the blue boxes. Certifying Authorities enter responses into grey
boxes relating to questions or titles in the red boxes.
Most of the boxes only allow an answer to be selected from a drop-down
menu. This is generally to inform the applicant of the options available for
that given response, and to avoid the amount of information that needs
to be typed in.
Credit checklist must be completed for all credits where points are claimed,
or which are claimed to be not applicable for both the construction
certificate and occupancy certificate phases.

Schedule 2
City of Sydney ESD rating tool for
multi unit residential development

Draft City of Sydney DCP
Medium Density Residential Developments
Building Input WorkSheet
New or Refurbished Building: New Building
Name of Building:
Address of Building:
Postcode:
State: NSW
Client:
Contact Person:
ESD Professional:
Project Manager:
Architect:
Structural/Civil Engineer:
Building Services Engineer:
Quantity Surveyor:
Acoustic Consultant:
Landscaping Consultant:
Building Surveyor:
Main Contractor:
2
Conditioned area in m :
No. of Storeys:
% of Residential Space:
Building Description:
(Orientation, Form, Structure, Façade etc)
Building Services:
(Heating, Cooling, Ventilation, Lighting, Lifts,
Domestic Hot Water)
Date:
Current Project Phase:
Page 1 of 23
City of Sydney DCP 0%
Medium Density Residential 0%
Credit Summary for:
Management
Points Points Points to be
Ref No. Title Aim of Credit Credit Criteria Summary Log of Comments
Available Achieved Confirmed
Man-1 ESD Professional To encourage and recognise Two points are awarded where it is demonstrated that at least one
the adoption of principal participant in the design team is an ESD professional and is
environmentally sustainable engaged prior to the schematic design to provide sustainability advice
principles from the earliest throughout the design and delivery period. 2
project stages throughout
design and construction.
Man-2 Commissioning To encourage and recognise One point is awarded where it is demonstrated that comprehensive pre-
Clauses improved building services commissioning, commissioning, and quality monitoring are contractually
performance and energy required to be performed by the appropriate contactors and trades on
efficiency due to adequate site (in accordance with ASHRAE Guideline 1, CIBSE Commissioning
commissioning and hand-over Codes).
to the building owner. An additional point is awarded where the point above is achieved AND
the design team and contractor are required to transfer information and
documentation to the building owner/manager regarding: 2
• design intent;
• as-installed details;
• commissioning report; and
• training of building management staff.
Man-3 Commissioning - To encourage and recognise One point is awarded where it is demonstrated that a commitment is
Building Tuning improved energy efficiency made to a firm 12-month commissioning building tuning period after
and comfort within the handover. This requires minimum quarterly reviews and a final re-
1
building in all seasons due to commissioning after 12 months of operation.
adequate commissioning.
Man-4 Commissioning To encourage and recognise One point is awarded where it can be demonstrated that an independent
Agent the appointment of an commissioning agent has been appointed to provide commissioning
independent commissioning advice to the client and the design team and to monitor and verify the 1
agent from design through to commissioning of HVAC and building control systems.
handover
Page 2 of 23
Credit Summary for:
Management
Man-5 Building Users' To encourage and recognise One point is awarded where it can be demonstrated that there is provision
Guide the provision of guidance of a simple Building Users’ Guide, which includes information relevant to
material that will enable the building users, occupants and tenants’ representatives.
building users to achieve the
environmental performance 1
envisaged by the design team,
and to manage future
changes that promote
efficiency and environmental
Man-6 lit
House Holder User To encourage and recognise One point is awarded where it can be demonstrated that there is provision
Guide the provision of guidance of a simple Residents’ Guide, which includes information relevant to the
material that will enable residents.
residents to achieve the
environmental performance 1
envisaged by the design team,
and to manage future
changes that promote
efficiency and environmental
lit
Page 3 of 23
Credit Summary for:
Management
Man-7 Environmental To encourage and recognise Up to three points are awarded as follows:
Management the adoption of a formal • 2 points are awarded where it can be demonstrated that the contractor
environmental management is required to provide and implement a comprehensive Environmental
system in line with established Management Plan (EMP) for the works in accordance with Section 4 of the
guidelines during construction. NSW Environmental Management System guidelines (1998).
• 1 point is awarded where it can be demonstrated that the contractor is 3
required to have ISO 14001 Environmental Management System (EMS)
accreditation applicable to the construction of this building.
Man-8 Waste To encourage and recognise Up to two points are awarded where it is demonstrated that the
Management management systems that contractor will provide and implement a comprehensive waste
facilitate the reduction of management plan AND contract provisions require the contractor to re-
construction waste going to use and/or recycle construction waste as follows.
landfill. • 1 point where at least 60% of waste by weight is re-used or recycled;
• 2 points where at least 80% of waste by weight is re-used or recycled. 2
Records must be kept by the contractor to demonstrate the actual
percentage of waste recycled by weight and these must be reported to
the client quarterly.
Total Points = 13 0 0
Page 4 of 23
Credit Summary for:
Indoor Environment Quality

Ref No. Title Aim of Credit Credit Criteria Summary Comments
IEQ-1 Ventilation Rates To encourage and recognize Two points are awarded if ducted outside air is provided to air
the provision of increased conditioning systems. The fans and ductwork shall be sized to meet the
outside air rates, in order to outside air provision of AS 1668.2-1991 for residential buildings and outdoor
promote a healthy indoor air intake locations and passage of air shall be designed to meet AS 1668.2-
2
environment. 1991 requirements.
If less than 5% of dwellings are provided with air-conditioning, then this
credit is ‘Not Applicable’ and is excluded from the points achieved.
IEQ-2 Ventilation of To encourage and recognise Up to two points are awarded where kitchens are effectively naturally
Kitchens the design of kitchens which ventilated or mechanically ventilated with dedicated exhausts.
reduce mould growth and the Points are awarded for the % of kitchens in a development to be naturally
build up of indoor air ventilated/ mechanical ventilated with dedicated exhaust: 2
pollutants through the use of • 1 point for 60% of kitchens
effective ventilation. • 2 points for 90% of kitchens
IEQ-3 Natural To encourage and recognise Up to four points are awarded where dual aspect design is provided in
Ventilation the design of dwellings which dwellings so that effective natural ventilation can be achieved in all living
through the incorporation of areas, as follows:
effective natural ventilation • 1 point is awarded where 60% of dwellings are provided with dual
promote a healthy indoor aspect
environment. • 2 points are awarded where 70% of dwellings are provided with dual 4
aspect
• 3 points are awarded where 80% of dwellings are provided with dual
aspect
aspect
IEQ-4 Daylight To encourage and recognise Up to three points are awarded where it is demonstrated that a
designs that provide good nominated percentage of the Conditioned Area has a Daylight Factor no
levels of daylight for building less than 2.5% as measured at the floor level under a uniform design sky, as
occupants. follows:
• 1 point is awarded where 30% of the Conditioned Area has a daylight
factor no less than 2.5%;
3
• 2 points are awarded where 60% of the Conditioned Area has a daylight
• 3 points are awarded where 90% of the Conditioned Area has a daylight
factor no less than 2.5%.
Page 5 of 23
Credit Summary for:

IEQ-5 Access to Sunlight To encourage and recognise Living Rooms and Private External Spaces
the benefit to occupant Up to two points are awarded where it can be demonstrated that living
health and wellbeing of rooms and private external spaces have a minimum of 3 hours direct
designing for good sunlight sunlight between 9am and 5pm, in mid winter.
2
access. • 1 point is awarded by requiring 70% of dwellings to meet this criteria
• 2 points are awarded by requiring 90% of dwellings to meet this criteria
Single Aspect Dwellings

• I point is awarded if single aspect dwellings do not have a southerly
1
aspect (SW-SE).
IEQ-6 External Space To encourage and recognise Up to two points are awarded where it is demonstrated that an external
dwelling designs which space has been provided, as follows:
improve health and well • I point is awarded where sufficient communal space is provided. This
being through the provision of must be at least 25% of the site. (see additional guidance)
external spaces. • 1 point is awarded when a private open space is provided for at least 2
90% of the dwellings. This must be at least 15% of the internal floor space
of each residential dwelling. (see additional guidance).
IEQ-7 Thermal Comfort To encourage and recognise Up to two points are awarded where it is demonstrated that appropriate
the use of thermal comfort servicing options have been implemented on the basis of thermal comfort
assessments to guide design level assessments conducted during the design phase.
options. The following Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) levels, calculated in
accordance with ISO7730, (or equivalent using Draft ASHRAE Comfort
Standard 55 and "Developing an Adaptive Model of Thermal Comfort and
Preference - Final Report on ASHRAE RP884"), must be achieved during
2
Standard Hours of Occupancy and using standard clothing, metabolic
rate and air velocity values for 98% of the year:
• 1 point is awarded where PMV levels are between -1 and +1;
• 2 points are awarded where PMV levels are between -0.5 and 0.5.
Page 6 of 23
Credit Summary for:

IEQ-8 Asbestos To encourage and recognise One point is awarded where it is demonstrated that an asbestos survey
actions taken to reduce has been carried out and all identified asbestos has been appropriately
health risks to occupants from removed and disposed of as defined by the relevant environmental and
the presence of hazardous Occupational Health and Safety (OH&S) legislation.
materials. For new buildings which have an existing building component of less than
25% of the conditioned area this credit is ‘Not Applicable’ and is excluded 1
from the points available for the Indoor Environmental Quality Category.
IEQ-9 Internal Noise To encourage and recognise Up to two points are awarded where it is demonstrated that for 95% of the
Levels buildings that are designed to building’s conditioned area, the design achieves ambient internal noise
maintain internal noise levels levels in accordance with AS/NZS 2107:2000, as follows:
at an appropriate level. • 1 point is awarded where the building services noise meets the 2
recommended design sound levels provided in Table 1 of AS/NZS
2107:2000.
• 1 point is awarded where the sound levels are between 40-45 dB LAeqT
in living areas and 35 40dB LAeqT in bedrooms
Page 7 of 23
Credit Summary for:

IEQ-10 Volatile Organic To encourage and recognise Up to three points are awarded where it is demonstrated that various
Compounds projects which reduce the finishes meet the benchmarks for low Volatile Organic Compound (VOC)
detrimental impact on content.
occupant health from finishes One point is awarded for each criterion below that is achieved:
emitting internal air pollutants. • 95% of all painted surfaces are low-VOC paints OR no paint is used; 3
• All carpets are low-VOC OR no carpet installed; and/or
• All adhesives and sealants are low-VOC OR no adhesives/sealants used.
IEQ-11 Formaldehyde To encourage and recognise One point is awarded where it is demonstrated that:
Minimisation projects that reduce the use • All composite wood product is low emission formaldehyde;
of formaldehyde composite OR
wood products in order to • No composite wood product used. 1
promote a healthy indoor
environment.
Page 8 of 23
Credit Summary for:
Energy
Ene-1 BASIX To encourage and recognise Up to twelve points are awarded where it is demonstrated there is an
design initiatives which improvement in energy efficiency using the BASIX calculator. Points are
exceed the BASIX benchmarks available as follows:
for operational energy • 4 points are awarded where there is a BASIX score of 20%
efficiency of the • 5 points are awarded where there is a BASIX score of 25%
development. • 6 points are awarded where there is a BASIX score of 30%
• 7 points are awarded where there is a BASIX score of 35% 12
• 8 points are awarded where there is a BASIX score of 40%
Ene-2 Electrical Sub- To encourage and recognise One point is awarded where it is demonstrated that sub-metering is
metering the provision of electrical sub- provided for substantive energy uses within the building (greater than
metering to facilitate energy 100kVa). (refer to Additional Guidance) 1
monitoring of base building Where there is only one substantive energy use, this credit is N/A.
services
Ene-3 Peak Energy To encourage and recognise Two points are awarded where it can be demonstrated that energy
Demand projects that implement demand reduction systems are installed to reduce peak demand on
Reduction systems to reduce peak electricity infrastructure by 25%.
demand on energy supply The reduction shall be measured against base building peak energy
infrastructure. demand calculated without the benefit of the installed reduction systems.
This may be achieved by on-site generation or by thermal/energy storage 1
systems, but not by load lopping using the Building Management System
(BMS).
Page 9 of 23
Credit Summary for:
Transport
Tra-1 Provision of Car To encourage and recognise Up to two points are awarded where it can be demonstrated that car
Parking building design that promotes parking spaces provided on the site are less than the maximum planning
the use of alternative modes allowances for occupant and visitor on-site parking, as follows:
of transport by limiting • 1 point is awarded for car parking spaces that are at least 25% less than
available car park spaces. the maximum residential planning allowances and no more than 2 car
parking spaces above the minimum visitor planning allowances. (See
Additional Guidance)
• 2 points are awarded for car parking spaces that are at least 50% less
than the maximum residential planning allowances and no more than 2 2
car parking spaces above the minimum visitor planning allowances. (See
Where car parking is not permitted in the local planning scheme this credit
is 'Not Applicable' and is excluded from the points available used to
calculate the Transportation Category Score.
Tra-2 Cycle Storage To encourage and recognise Up to four points are awarded where it is demonstrated that the building
building design that promotes design includes provision of resident cycling facilities, as follows:
the use of bicycles by • 1 point is awarded where one accessible and secure bicycle storage
occupants and visitors by space is provided for each dwelling.
ensuring adequate cyclist • 2 points are awarded when every dwelling has accessible and secure
facilities are provided. bicycle storage spaces equal to the number of bedrooms in each
dwelling.
• 3 points are awarded when every dwelling has accessible and secure
bicycle storage spaces equal to the number of bedrooms in each
dwelling, plus an additional space. 4
An additional point is awarded if any of the above requirements are met
AND visitor bicycle parking is provided within the project that meets the
following criteria:
• 0.25 spaces per dwelling; AND
• it is provided in an accessible on-grade location, signposted and near a
major public entrance.
Page 10 of 23
Credit Summary for:
Transport
Tra-3 Public Transport To encourage and recognise Up to five points are awarded based on the proximity of the building to
developments with proximity public transport. This is based on the Land Use and Transport Index (LUTI)
and good access to public that the site falls within. (See Additional Guidance for information about
transport networks which LUTI)
have frequent services. • Two points are awarded where the residential development is located in
an area of LOW LUTI.
• Three points are awarded where the residential development is located 5
in an area of MODERATE LUTI.
• Four points are awarded where the residential development is located in
an area of HIGH LUTI.
• Five points are awarded where the residential development is located in
an area of VERY HIGH LUTI.
Tra-4 Local Amenities To encourage and recognise Up to three points are awarded where the development is within a 400m
the location of residential radius of a number of different amenities (see Additional Guidance).
developments that are in
walking distance to local • One point is awarded where at least 5 amenities are within 400m of the
shops and amenities to development.
reduce the reliance on motor • Two points are awarded where at least 10 amenities are within 400m of 3
vehicles. the development
• Three points are awarded where at least 15 amenities are within 400m of
the development
Page 11 of 23
Credit Summary for:
Water
Wat-1 BASIX To encourage and recognise Up to twelve points are awarded where it is demonstrated that the
design initiatives which predicted potable water consumption within the building has been
exceed the BASIX benchmarks reduced.
for operational water Points are available as follows:
efficiency of the • 8 points = BASIX score of 40%
development. • 9 points = BASIX score of 45% 12
• 10 points = BASIX score of 50%
Wat-2 Water Meters To encourage and recognise One point is awarded where it can be demonstrated that a domestic cold
individual the design of systems that can water meter is installed to each dwellings in the project.
Dwellings be used to monitor and 1
manage water consumption
within individual dwellings.
Wat-3 Water Meters To encourage and recognise One point is awarded where it can be demonstrated that water meters
Major Uses the design of systems that are installed for all major water uses (see ‘Additional Guidance’) in the
monitors and manages project.
common area water A further point is awarded if the meters are linked to a Building
consumption. Management System (BMS) to provide a leak detection system. 2
If the development does not include any of the major water uses listed in
the additional guidance this credit is not applicable. Type na in the points
achieved list.
Wat-4 Cooling Tower To encourage and recognise Up to two points are awarded where the building design demonstrates
Water building design that reduces that potential water consumption is reduced through efficient use of, or
Consumption the potential demand on avoidance of, evaporative or water cooling tower systems:
potable water supplies and • One point is awarded where it is demonstrated that the cooling tower
infrastructure due to water- water treatment is designed to achieve six or better cycles of
based building cooling concentration for water based cooling systems; 2
systems. • Two points are awarded where it is demonstrated that no cooling towers
or evaporative cooling is specified in the design; OR Cooling systems that
use 90% non-potable water.
Page 12 of 23
Credit Summary for:
Materials
Mat-1 Recycling Waste To encourage and recognise Up to three points are awarded as follows:
Storage the inclusion of storage space • Two points are awarded where a dedicated storage area is provided for
and facilitates for recycling to the separation, collection and recycling of household rubbish; with good
reduce waste going to landfill. access for all building occupants and for collection by recycling
companies. This must be in accordance with the City of Sydney's Policy for 3
Waste Minimisation in new developments (See Additional Guidance)
• An addition point is awarded where both recycling and general
garbage chutes are provided.
Mat-2 Re-use of Façade To encourage and recognise Two points are awarded where it is demonstrated that at least 50% of the
the re-use of existing façades total façade of the building by area comprises re-used building façades.
to reduce new material If the total floor area of existing buildings demolished on-site is less than 30%
consumption. of the conditioned area of the new building then the credit is ‘Not
Applicable’ and is excluded from the points available to calculate the 2
Materials Category Score.
Mat-3 Re-use of To encourage and recognise Up to four points are awarded where it is demonstrated that a design
Structure the re-use of existing structures allows for the re-use of a significant proportion of an existing major
to reduce new material structure (by gross building volume). The re-used structure must comprise of
consumption. at least 50% of the total final structure by building volume. Points are
awarded as follows:
• 2 points are awarded where there is 30% re-use of existing structure;
• 3 points are awarded where there is 60% re-use of existing structure;
4
• 4 points are awarded where 90% re-use of existing structure.
If the total floor area of existing buildings demolished on-site is less than 30%
of the conditioned area of the new building then the credit is ‘Not
Applicable’ and is excluded from the points available to calculate the
Page 13 of 23
Credit Summary for:
Materials
Mat-4 Recycled To encourage and recognise Up to three points are awarded where it is demonstrated that the
Content of the reduction of embodied concrete to be used in the building construction or refurbishment has a
Concrete energy and resource significant recycled content.
depletion due to the use of • 1 point is awarded where 20% of all aggregate used is recycled
concrete. aggregate.
Up to two points can also be awarded as follows:
• 1 additional point is awarded where 20% of cement used for in-situ
concrete and 15% of cement used for pre-cast concrete is replaced with
industrial waste product; 3
• 2 additional points are awarded where 40% of cement used for in-situ
concrete and 30% of cement used for pre-cast concrete is replaced with
industrial waste product.
If the material cost of new concrete represents less than 1% of the project’s
contract value, the credit is ‘Not Applicable’ and is excluded from the
points available to calculate the Materials Category Score.
Mat-5 Recycled To encourage and recognise Up to two points are awarded where it can be demonstrated that the
Content of Steel the reduction in embodied percentage of all steel in the design has a post-consumer recycled
energy and resource content greater than 50%, as follows:
depletion due to use of • 1 point is awarded where post-consumer recycled content of steel is 60%
recycled steel. by mass; 2
• 2 points are awarded where post-consumer recycled content of steel is
90% by mass.
If the material cost of steel represents less than 1% of the project’s total
contract value then this credit is ‘Not Applicable’ and is excluded from the
Mat-6 PVC Minimisation To encourage and recognise Upi tot two points
il bl tare awarded
l l t thwhere
M t it iis ldemonstrated
C t S that the total PVC
the reduction of Poly Vinyl use for construction materials is reduced by replacing with alternative
Chloride (PVC) products. materials:
• 1 point is awarded where no PVC is used in 5 construction materials
2
commonly used in residential dwellings. (refer to Additional Guidance)
• 2 points are awarded where no PVC used in 8 construction materials
commonly used in residential dwellings. (refer to Additional Guidance)
Page 14 of 23
Credit Summary for:
Materials
Mat-7 Sustainable To encourage and recognise Two points are awarded where it is demonstrated that all timber and
Timber the specification of re-used composite timber products used in the building and construction works are
timber products or timber that required to be sourced from either or a combination of the following:
has certified environmentally • Post-consumer re-used timber; or
responsible forest • Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) certified timber.
management practices. If the material cost of timber represents less than 0.1% to the project’s total 2
Mat-8 Re-use of Bricks To encourage and recognise Up to two points are awarded for bricks used in the development that are
the re-use of bricks to reduce from pre-used sources. Points are awarded as follows:
new material consumption. • 1 point is are awarded where 30% of the bricks are pre-used bricks
• 2 points are awarded where 60% of the bricks are pre-used bricks
If the material cost of bricks represents less than 1% to the project’s total 2
Page 15 of 23
Credit Summary for:
Land Use and Ecology

Eco-1 Re-use of Land To encourage and recognise One point is awarded where it is demonstrated that the site has been
the re-use of land that has previously built on. For the point to be awarded, over 75% of the site must
1
previously been developed. comply with the criteria.
Eco-2 Reclaimed To encourage and recognise Two points are awarded where it is demonstrated that land prior to
Contaminated positive actions to use development is defined as contaminated and where adequate remedial
Land contaminated land that steps have been taken by the developer to decontaminate or safely
otherwise would not have encapsulate the site prior to construction 2
been developed. This credit is ‘Not Applicable’ for refurbished buildings and is excluded from
the points available to calculate the Land Use and Ecology Category
Score
Eco-3 Change of To encourage and recognise Up to four points are awarded where it is demonstrated that the
Ecological Value the minimisation of ecological ecological value of a development site is either not diminished or is
impact from development enhanced beyond its previously existing state. No points are available for
and to maximise the sites which contain rare, threatened or vulnerable flora and fauna.
enhancement of a site for The credits are calculated using the Change in Ecology Calculator that
both new and existing compares the relative ecological value of land use before and after 4
buildings. development.
Eco-4 Topsoil and Fill To encourage and recognise One point is awarded where it is demonstrated that cut and fill
Removal from Site practices that reduce the requirements are balanced on site and where there is no exportation of fill
amount of topsoil and fill or topsoil from the site.
removed from development Where the development is a refurbishment, this credit is 'Not Applicable' 1
sites. and is excluded from the points available used to calculate the Land use
and Ecology Category Score.
Eco-5 Site Access and To encourage and recognise One point is awarded where there is dedicated pedestrian and bicycle
Connectivity the provision of pedestrian access across both major axes of sites over 1 hectare (10,000m²).
and bicycle networks to If the site is less than 1 hectare , it is ‘Not Applicable’ and is excluded from
enable easy thoroughfare the points available used to calculate the Land Use and Ecology 1
through large development Category Score.
sites in urban areas.
Page 16 of 23
City of Sydney DCP
Medium Density Residential
Credit Summary for:
CHANGE IN ECOLOGY CALCULATOR

Does the site contain any rare, threatened or vulnerable flora or fauna? No
In which bio-region is the site located? Sydney Basin
BEFORE AFTER
LAND TYPE Land Types Before Land Types After
Construction / m² Construction / m²
Building
Impermeable/concreted Area
Bare Ground
Weed Infestations
Exotic Garden
Native Garden
Existing Waterway*
Wetland*
Regenerated Native Habitat(< 10 years old)*
Indigenous Native Habitat (> 10 years old)*
Indigenous Native Habitat (> 20 years old)*
TOTAL 0 0
ECOLOGICAL DIVERSITY INDEX: 0.00 0.00
CHANGE IN ECOLOGICAL DIVERSITY INDEX 0.00
POINTS ACHIEVED 0
* = affected by Bioregion Reservation Importance Factor
Page 17 of 23
Credit Summary for:
Emissions
Emi-1 Refrigerant ODP To encourage and recognise Up to two points are awarded where it is demonstrated that HVAC
the reduction of potential long-refrigerants in use have an Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP) of zero OR
term damage to the Earth's where no refrigerants are used, as follows:
stratospheric ozone layer • 2 points are awarded where 100% of all refrigerants by volume have an 2
through the accidental ODP of zero OR no refrigerants are used.
release of ozone depleting
substances to the
atmosphere
Emi-2 Refrigerant GWP To encourage and recognise One point is awarded where it is demonstrated that all refrigerants have a
the selection of refrigerants Global Warming Potential (GWP) of less than 10 OR where no refrigerants
that reduce the potential for are used.
increased global warming
arising from the emission of 1
refrigerants to the Earth's
atmosphere in the event of
accidental release.
Emi-3 Refrigerant Leak To encourage and recognise One point is awarded where it is demonstrated that systems containing
Detection systems which reduce the refrigerants are contained in a moderately air-tight enclosure and where a
release of refrigerants to the refrigerant leak detection system is specified/installed covering high-risk
atmosphere arising from parts of the plant (evaporator or condenser coils can be omitted).
leakages in a building's This credit is ‘Not Applicable’ if all points for Emi-1 and Emi-2 are achieved 1
cooling plant. and is excluded from the points available to calculate the Emissions
Category Score.
Page 18 of 23
Credit Summary for:
Emissions
Emi-4 Refrigerant To encourage and recognise One point is awarded where it is demonstrated that either provision of
Recovery systems that reduce and automatic refrigerant pump-down is made to the heat exchanger or
prevent unnecessary loss of dedicated storage tanks with isolation valves.
refrigerants during This credit is ‘Not Applicable’ where all credits in Emi-1 and Emi-2 are 1
maintenance and repairs. achieved and is excluded from the points available to calculate the
Emissions Category Score.
Emi-5 Watercourse To encourage and recognise Two points are awarded where it is demonstrated that all stormwater
Pollution project design that reduces leaving the site, at any time up to a 1-in-20 year storm event, is
the potential of pollution in treated/filtered in accordance with the Australian and New Zealand
water running off from Environment Conservation Council (ANZECC)’s Guidelines for Urban
buildings and hard surfaces to Stormwater Management.
natural watercourses. To obtain points it must also be demonstrated that the development does 2
not increase peak stormwater flows for rainfall events of up to a 1-in-20
year storm.
Emi-6 Reduced Flow to To encourage and recognise Up to four points are awarded where it is demonstrated that the design
Sewer building design that reduces outflows to the sewage system due to building occupants’ usage have
water flows to the municipal been reduced. The number of points awarded is determined using the
sewage systems for treatment. DCP Checklist. 4
Emi-7 Light Pollution To encourage and recognise One point is awarded where it is demonstrated that no light beam is
lighting design that reduces directed beyond the site boundaries or upwards without falling directly on
pollution from the a surface with the explicit purpose of illuminating that surface.
unnecessary dispersion of light
into the night sky and onto 1
neighbouring property.
Emi-8 Cooling Towers To encourage and recognise One point is awarded where it is demonstrated that there are no cooling
building systems design which towers serving the building.
eliminates the risk of
Legionnaire’s disease from 1
cooling towers.
Page 19 of 23
Credit Summary for:
Emissions
Emi-9 Solid Fuel Heaters To encourage and recognise One point is awarded where it is demonstrated that solid fuel heaters are
building design that not installed in the residential development.
encourages the use of
cleaner energy sources by not
supporting the utilisation of 1
solid fuel heaters such as
wood burning heaters or
stoves.
Emi-10 Insulant ODP To encourage and recognise One point is awarded where it can be demonstrated that the
designs which reduce the specification of thermal insulation avoids the use of ozone depleting
potential for long-term substances in both its manufacture and composition.
damage to the Earth's
stratospheric ozone layer from
ozone depleting substances 1
used in the manufacture or
composition of thermal
insulation.
Page 20 of 23
City of Sydney DCP
Sewage Calculator
UNIT DATA Studio 1BR 2BR 3BR 4BR 5+BR

No. of Apartments
Sewer going to…..

Least efficient type installed Blackwater recycling Greywater Recycling
WCs No rating Yes No N/A
Showerheads No rating N/A Yes No
Indoor Taps No rating N/A Yes No
Washing Machine No rating N/A Yes No
Dishwasher No rating N/A Yes No
L/day/person 0.0
SEWERAGE REDUCTION DUE TO RECYCLING
Capacity of blackwater treatment

plant (L/day)
% of blackwater retrieved and reused
Capacity of greywater treatment plant

(L/day)
Nominate the uses of WCs Yes
the recycled Washing Yes
greywater Irrigation Yes
Total Landscaped Area (m²)
Estimated discharge to sewer

(L/day/person)
Points Achieved 0
Page 21 of 23
City of Sydney DCP
Name of Building:
State: NSW
Type of Assessment: New Building
RATING RANGE
Pass / 4 Stars 5 Star 6 Star
Category Potential
Points Points Points
Score Category
Available Achieved TBC
Achieved Score
Management 13 0 0% 0 0%
Indoor Environment Quality 25 0 0% 0 0%
Energy 14 0 0% 0 0%
Transport 14 0 0% 0 0%
Water 17 0 0% 0 0%
Materials 20 0 0% 0 0%
Land Use and Ecology 9 0 0% 0 0%
Emissions 15 0 0% 0 0%
Page 22 of 23
dfg
Credit Summary for:

Category Title Credit No.
Management
ESD Professional Man-1 2 0 0
Commissioning Clauses Man-2 2 0 0
Commissioning - Building Tuning Man-3 1 0 0
Commissioning Agent Man-4 1 0 0
Building Users' Guide Man-5 1 0 0
House Holder User Guide Man-6 1 0 0
Environmental Management Man-7 3 0 0
Waste Management Man-8 2 0 0
TOTAL 13 0 0
Ventilation Rates IEQ-1 2 0 0
Ventilation of Kitchens IEQ-2 2 0 0
Natural Ventilation IEQ-3 4 0 0
Daylight IEQ-4 3 0 0
Access to Sunlight IEQ-5 3 0 0
External Space IEQ-6 2 0 0
Thermal Comfort IEQ-7 2 0 0
Asbestos IEQ-8 1 0 0
Internal Noise Levels IEQ-9 2 0 0
Volatile Organic Compounds IEQ-10 3 0 0
Formaldehyde Minimisation IEQ-11 1 0 0
TOTAL 25 0 0
Energy
BASIX Ene-1 12 0 0
Electrical Sub-metering Ene-2 1 0 0
Peak Energy Demand Reduction Ene-3 1 0 0
TOTAL 14 0 0
Transport
Provision of Car Parking Tra-1 2 0 0
Cycle Storage Tra-2 4 0 0
Public Transport Tra-3 5 0 0
Local Amenities Tra-4 3 0 0
TOTAL 14 0 0
Water
BASIX Wat-1 12 0 0
Water Meters individual Dwellings Wat-2 1 0 0
Water Meters Major Uses Wat-3 2 0 0
Cooling Tower Water Consumption Wat-4 2 0 0
TOTAL 17 0 0
Materials
Recycling Waste Storage Mat-1 3 0 0
Re-use of Façade Mat-2 2 0 0
Re-use of Structure Mat-3 4 0 0
Recycled Content of Concrete Mat-4 3 0 0
Recycled Content of Steel Mat-5 2 0 0
PVC Minimisation Mat-6 2 0 0
Sustainable Timber Mat-7 2 0 0
Re-use of Bricks Mat-8 2 0 0
TOTAL 20 0 0
Land Use & Ecology
Re-use of Land Eco-1 1 0 0
Reclaimed Contaminated Land Eco-2 2 0 0
Change of Ecological Value Eco-3 4 0 0
Topsoil and Fill Removal from Site Eco-4 1 0 0
Site Access and Connectivity Eco-5 1 0 0
TOTAL 9 0 0
Emissions
Refrigerant ODP Emi-1 2 0 0
Refrigerant GWP Emi-2 1 0 0
Refrigerant Leak Detection Emi-3 1 0 0
Refrigerant Recovery Emi-4 1 0 0
Watercourse Pollution Emi-5 2 0 0
Reduced Flow to Sewer Emi-6 4 0 0
Light Pollution Emi-7 1 0 0
Cooling Towers Emi-8 1 0 0
Solid Fuel Heaters Emi-9 1 0 0
Insulant ODP Emi-10 1 0 0
TOTAL 15 0 0
TOTAL CREDITS 127 0 0
OVERALL WEIGHTED SCORE: 0 0
Page 23 of 23
Schedule 3
Technical Manual for the City of
Sydney ESD rating tool for multi
unit residential development

Schedule 3 - Table of Contents
Sch. 3 -
Management 4
MAN-1 ESD Professional 4
MAN-2 Commissioning Clauses 6
MAN-3 Commissioning – Building Tuning 12
MAN-4 Commissioning – Commissioning Agent 14
MAN-5 Building Users’ Guide 17
MAN-6 residents’ User Guide 20
MAN-7 Environmental Management 23
MAN-8 Waste Management 27
Indoor Environmental Quality 31

IEQ-1 Ventilation Rates 31
IEQ2 – Kitchen Ventilation 34
IEQ-3 Natural Ventilation 36
IEQ-4 Daylight 38
IEQ-5 Access to Sunlight 42
IEQ-6 External Space 46
IEQ-7 Thermal Comfort 50
IEQ-8 Asbestos 56
IEQ-9 Internal Noise Levels 59
IEQ-10 Volatile Organic Compounds 62
IEQ-11 Formaldehyde Minimisation 67
Energy 70
ENE-1 BASIX Energy 70
ENE-2 Electrical Sub-Metering 72
ENE-3 Peak Energy Demand Reduction 74
Transport 78
TRA-1 Provision of Car Parking 78
TRA-2 Cyclist Facilities 82
TRA-3 Public Transport 86
TRA-4 local amenities 89
Water 93
WAT-1 BASIX Water 93
WAT-2 Water Meters in Individual Dwellings 95
WAT-3 Water Meters on Major Uses 97
WAT-4 Cooling Tower Water Consumption 99

Sch. 3 -
Materials 102
MAT-1 Recycling Waste Storage 102
MAT-2 Re-use of Facade 105
MAT-3 Re-use of Structure 107
MAT-4 Recycled Content of Concrete 109
MAT-5 Recycled Content of Steel 113
MAT-6 PVC Minimisation 116
MAT-7 Sustainable Timber 120
MAT-8 Re-use of Bricks 123
Land Use and Ecology 126

ECO-1 Re-Use of Land 126
ECO-2 Reclaimed Contaminated Land 128
ECO-3 Change of Ecological Value 131
ECO-4 Topsoil and Fill Removal from Site 137
ECO-5 Site Access and Connectivity 139
Emissions 142
EMI-1 Refrigerant ODP 142
EMI-2 Refrigerant GWP 145
EMI-3 Refrigerant Leak Detection 148
EMI-4 Refrigerant Recovery 152
EMI-5 Watercourse Pollution 155
EMI-6 Reduced Flow to Sewer 161
EMI-7 Light Pollution 166
EMI-8 Cooling Towers 169
EMI-9 Solid Fuel Heaters 172
EMI-10 Insulant ODP 174

Medium Density Residential DCP

MANAGEMENT MAN-1 ESD PROFESSIONAL
MAN-1 ESD PROFESSIONAL

Aim of Credit
To encourage and recognise the adoption of environmentally sustainable
principles from the earliest project stages throughout design and
construction.
Credit Criteria
Two points are awarded where it is demonstrated that at least one principal
participant in the design team is an ESD professional and is engaged
prior to the schematic design to provide sustainability advice throughout
the design and delivery period.
Compliance Requirements
Stage One DA
If this credit is nominated as part of the Stage One DA submission, the
applicant should select the number of points claimed in the Stage One
DA Checklist.
No additional evidence is required.
Stage Two DA
The following documentation is required to demonstrate compliance as
part of the Stage Two DA:
• A copy of a letter from an ESD Professional confirming their
appointment, which lists his/her scope of works
Construction Certificate
Complete the checklist and nominate at least one of the following
as evidence of the ESD professional’s involvement in the project, to
demonstrate compliance as part of the Construction Certificate:
• Scope of work signed by both parties
• A Design Report pertinent to this project
• 3 items of correspondence from the ESD professional pertinent to
this project
• Meeting minutes demonstrating participation in at least 5 meetings.
Occupancy Certificate
Complete the checklist and nominate at least one of the following
as evidence of the ESD professional’s involvement in the project, to
demonstrate compliance as part of the Occupancy Certificate:
• Scope of work signed by both parties
• A Design Report pertinent to this project
• 3 items of correspondence from the ESD professional pertinent to
this project
• Meeting minutes demonstrating participation in at least 5 meetings


MAN-1 ESD PROFESSIONAL
Additional Guidance
ESD professionals should be engaged on a project to provide information
on how to comply with environmental rating systems and how to understand
what is required of a new development by this rating system.
Where an ESD professional is engaged on a project, they should be
consulted to provide technical advice on how to achieve compliance with
the requirements of the rating system. Note that it is not the responsibility
of the City of Sydney to provide this advice whether or not an ESD
professional has been engaged.


MAN-2 COMMISSIONING CLAUSES

Aim of Credit
To encourage and recognise improved building services performance
and energy efficiency due to adequate commissioning and hand-over to
the building owner.
Credit Criteria
One point is awarded where it is demonstrated that comprehensive pre-
commissioning, commissioning, and quality monitoring are contractually
required to be performed by the appropriate contactors and trades on
site (in accordance with ASHRAE Guideline 1, CIBSE Commissioning
Codes).
An additional point is awarded where the point above is achieved AND
the design team and contractor are required to transfer information and
documentation to the building owner/manager regarding:
• design intent;
• as-installed details;
• commissioning report; and
• training of building management staff.
Stage One DA
DA Checklist.
Stage Two DA
If this credit is nominated as part of the Stage Two DA submission, the
DA Checklist.
For the first point, Commissioning Clauses:
To be awarded the first point the following documentation is required to
demonstrate compliance;
• A copy of the relevant section(s) of the design specification(s) or similar
design documentation that describe the project’s commissioning
processes required;
• A signed statement from the building owner committing to the
incorporation of the commissioning requirements OR a copy of the
head builder’s contract stipulating the commissioning requirements.
The first point will not be awarded unless it is shown that the commissioning
requirements are in accordance with either ASHRAE Guideline 1 or the
CIBSE Commissioning Codes.


For the second point, Documentation:

To be awarded the second point the following documentation is required
to demonstrate compliance;
• A copy of the document to be provided by the design team to the
building owner/manager describing the design intent of the building;
and
• A copy of the section in the main building contract which lists the
contractor’s requirements with regard to the provision of as-installed
details and drawings, the commissioning report and the training of
building management staff.
The second point will not be awarded unless it is demonstrated that it is
a contractual requirement to provide the relevant documentation to the
building manager/owner regarding the buildings services systems and
information on the design intent is to be provided to the operator (see
‘Additional Guidance’).
For the first point, Commissioning Clauses:
• A Summary Commissioning Report including commissioning dates,
tests carried out and outcomes and change made as a result of the
commissioning process. This summary report must demonstrate
compliance with either the ASHRAE Guideline 1 or the CIBSE
Commissioning codes.
For the second point, Documentation:
• A copy of the documentation and information transferred to the
building owner / manager;
• A copy of the transmittal of that information to the building owner
showing the building owner / manager as the addressee OR
acknowledgement from the owner / manager that that information
has been received.
Additional Guidance
ASHRAE Guideline 1-1996 - The HVAC Commissioning Process
The purpose of this guideline is to describe the commissioning process
that will ensure heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems
perform in conformity with design intent. The procedures, methods, and
documentation requirements in this Guideline cover each phase of the
commissioning process for all types and sizes of HVAC systems, from
pre-design through final acceptance and post-occupancy, including
changes in building and occupancy requirements after initial occupancy.
The Guideline provides procedures for the preparation of documentation
of:
• owner’s assumptions and requirements;


• design intent, basis of design, and expected performance;

• verification and functional performance testing; and
• operation and maintenance criteria.
The Guideline specifically details the process for:
• conducting verification and functional performance testing; and
• maintaining system performance to meet the current design intent
after initial occupancy.
The Guideline also includes a program for training of operation and
maintenance personnel.
CIBSE Commissioning Code M: Commissioning Management
CIBSE Commissioning Code M presents current standards of good
commissioning practice in the form of recommendations and guidance.
The Code acknowledges that it may be used in a variety of contractual
frameworks. Users will need to ensure that the use of the Code is
considered when contractual arrangements are being made, to ensure
that the recommendations of the Code are not in conflict with those of
the contract. In particular, it is important that contractual arrangements
make due allowance for taking the needs of commissioning engineers
into account during design stages and the time required properly to
commission building services systems.
The Certifying Authority is looking to establish that a commissioning
process has been carried out in accordance with ASHRAE Guideline 1 or
the CIBSE Commissioning Codes.
The applicant must show that comprehensive pre-commissioning,
commissioning and quality monitoring have been undertaken in
accordance with ASHRAE Guideline 1 or the CIBSE Commissioning
codes.
It is expected that a significant amount of commissioning reporting would
have been carried out in implementing such a standard. It is therefore
expected that a summary of the commissioning guidelines used, the
processes and the outcomes of the commissioning period is provided.
Building Owner/Manager Documentation
To achieve the second point the following must be provided:
1) Design Intent
Energy and Environmental Strategy
The information/documentation is to include information on energy-
efficient features and strategies in relation to the building. It must also
provide an overview of the potential savings, stated for economic and
environmental impact.
Monitoring and Targeting
To information/documentation is to include energy targets and benchmarks
for the building type and include a metering and sub-metering strategy
with details on how to read, record, and present meter readings.


Building Services
The information/documentation is to include basic functions and
operations of the following, with descriptions of energy saving features
of the:
• Ventilation;
• Heating System;
• Cooling System;
• Electrical Systems;
• Lighting; and
• DHW.
In each case there is to be:
• A simplified diagram of the system;
• An explanation of how it operates;
• A list of what the main components are (including controls) and the
importance of their efficient use;
• Details on maintenance, including recommended frequency; and
• A list of likely and tell-tale signs of system failure, system ‘do’s and
don’ts’, and notes on inefficient operation.
2) As-Installed Details
Provide a complete set of as-built drawings for all mechanical, electrical
and hydraulic systems and a comprehensive Operations and Maintenance
(O&M) manual.
3) Commissioning Report
Provide a report which confirms that commissioning of each system or
feature is in compliance with the contract documents. The report must
also include a documented list of outstanding commissioning issues,
records of all functional/commissioning testing undertaken and list any
seasonal testing required in the future.
4) Training
Provide sufficient training to ensure that building managers or staff have
all the information and understanding needed to operate and maintain
the commissioned features and systems. Training issues to include:
• Design intent (including energy/environmental features);
• Review of controls set-up, programming, alarms and
troubleshooting;
• O&M manuals;
• Building operation (start-up, normal operation, unoccupied operation,
seasonal changeover and shutdown);
• Interactions with other systems;
• Optimising energy efficiency;
• Occupational Health & Safety (OH&S) issues;


• Maintenance requirements and sourcing replacements; and

• Occupant satisfaction feedback.
Effective commissioning requires effective personnel. It is recommended
that the preparation of commissioning specifications, pre-commissioning
plans and actual commissioning activities be carried out by experienced
personnel and that a multi-discipline approach must be taken linking
mechanical, electrical, fire, hydraulics and IT systems holistically.
It is recommended that specific reference be made to the importance of
establishing an indoor air quality commissioning plan at the design stage
with specific provisions for ensuring that this plan is met during and after
commissioning.
The Certifying Authority is seeking evidence that the building owner
/ manager has been informed about the operation of the building in
accordance with the criteria of the credit. (See the ‘Additional Guidance’
section of this credit for the information that the Assessor(s) will need to
demonstrate the criteria have been met). The Assessor(s) will not award
this second point until the requirements of the first point are satisfied.
The applicant must show that the design intent of the building services
system has been explained to the building owner/manager as part of an
information package including as-installed details and the commissioning
report. The information provided must also demonstrate how building
staff are to be trained in the use of the building services systems.
Background
Commissioning is a vital stage of most construction projects in ensuring
that building services and fabric operate as intended by the design team
- i.e. in an efficient and effective way. Very few buildings work as initially
intended by their design teams. As responsibility passes from client to
architect to contractor to operator to the maintenance team, there is
significant opportunity for things to go wrong, for misunderstandings, and
for strategy to give way to practical expediency.
The successful transfer of building information at the commissioning
stage will allow:
• Building operators to understand in detail what they need to do to
operate the facility and further tune it to continuously improve and
respond to changes in circumstance;
• Maintainers to understand how to service the particular systems not
only for reliable operations but also for energy efficiency;
• Occupants to understand the limitations that they must work within to
maintain the design performance; and
• Future modifiers to understand the design basis for the building and
the systems so that these are not compromised in any changes.


References & Further Information

ASHRAE (American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-
Conditioning Engineers)
ASHRAE Guideline 1-1996 -- The HVAC Commissioning Process
ASHRAE Handbook: New Building Commissioning
http://www.ashrae.org
CIBSE (Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers, U.K.)
CIBSE Commissioning Code A: Air Distribution Systems
CIBSE Commissioning Code B: Boilers
CIBSE Commissioning Code C: Automatic Controls
CIBSE Commissioning Code L: Lighting
CIBSE Commissioning Code R: Refrigeration Systems
CIBSE Commissioning Code W: Water Distribution Systems
http://www.cibse.org
AIRAH (Australian Institute of Refrigeration Air Conditioning and
Heating)
http://www.airah.org.au


MAN-3 COMMISSIONING –
BUILDING TUNING
MAN-3 COMMISSIONING – BUILDING TUNING

Aim of Credit
To encourage and recognise improved energy efficiency and comfort
within the building in all seasons due to adequate commissioning.
Credit Criteria
One point is awarded where it is demonstrated that a commitment is made
to a firm 12-month commissioning building tuning period after handover.
This requires minimum quarterly reviews and a final re-commissioning
after 12 months of operation.
Stage One DA
DA Checklist.
Stage Two DA
DA Checklist.
The following documentation is required to demonstrate compliance:
• A copy of relevant section(s) of the design specification(s) or similar
design documentation where the requirement for a minimum 12-
month period commissioning process is described. The specification
must list or reference the roles and responsibilities which will be
required during this period;
• A copy of the most recent issue and transmittal of the project timeline
with the commissioning period included in the timeline; and
• A signed statement from the building owner committing to the
incorporation of the building tuning requirements OR a copy of the
head builder’s contract stipulating the building tuning requirements.
This point will not be awarded unless it is demonstrated that the building
tuning requirements have been accounted for in the design documentation
and in the timeline and are understood by the building owner.
• A copy of the building tuning contract (prices may be deleted)
showing the scope and timeframe of the building tuning process,
demonstrating the above criteria and signed by both the client and
the contractor.


BUILDING TUNING
Additional Guidance
The Certifying Authority is looking to confirm that there will be a dedicated
building tuning period subsequent to handover that includes a 12 month
building tuning period including no less than quarterly reviews and a final
re-commissioning.
The Applicant must provide sufficient evidence that there will be a 12
month building tuning period as outlined above.
Contracts are to refer to the minimum requirement of the building tuning
process, including the minimum number of reviews and a final re-
commissioning process.
Background
Commissioning has traditionally been undertaken in a limited period of
time at the end of the project, when there is often no or little budget left. It
is done with the ambient climatic conditions at the time and usually with
the building unoccupied.
The aim of this credit is to promote better building tuning by ensuring
that the time and cost implications are accounted for during the design
phase. The benefits of a 12-month commissioning period include:
• Verifying that systems are performing at their optimum efficiency
during all climatic variations for the occupied building;
• Providing an opportunity for the systems to be tuned to optimise time
schedules to best match occupant needs and system performance;
and
• Aligning the systems operation to the attributes of the built space it
serves.

Heating)


COMMISSIONING AGENT
MAN-4 COMMISSIONING – COMMISSIONING

AGENT
Aim of Credit
To encourage and recognise the appointment of an independent
commissioning agent from design through to handover.
Credit Criteria
One point is awarded where it can be demonstrated that an independent
commissioning agent has been appointed to provide commissioning
advice to the client and the design team and to monitor and verify the
commissioning of HVAC and building control systems.
Stage One DA
DA Checklist.
Stage Two DA
DA Checklist.
• A copy of the letter of appointment of the independent commissioning
agent including the responsibilities of that agent;
OR
• A written commitment from the building owner to appoint such an
agent - which lists the responsibilities of the agent - will be sufficient
if the tender has not yet been let, or where an agent is not yet
selected.
The point will not be awarded unless the independent agent’s role is clear
and it is clear that the commissioning agent is a representative of the
building owner.
The commissioning agent may be a suitably qualified or experienced
person from within the contractor or sub-contractor organisation, as long
as they are not involved in the general installation works.
• A copy of the CV of the independent commissioning agent detailing
their qualifications provided to the client;
• An extract from the independent agent’s commissioning report
that summarises the major findings and recommendations of the
commissioning process.


COMMISSIONING AGENT
• Evidence of the independent agent’s involvement during the

commissioning process EITHER through the provision of copies
of meeting minutes and attendees demonstrating the agent’s
involvement OR through a list of correspondence and reporting
provided by the independent commissioning agent to the design
team.
Additional Guidance
The commissioning agent must report directly to the building owner and
is the person, company or agency that will plan and carry out the overall
commissioning process. The primary goal of the commissioning agent
is to independently identify system deficiencies as early in the project as
possible and track their status until they are corrected.
The commissioning agent can be from within the contractor or sub-
contractor organisation, as long as they are not involved in the general
installation works.
The commissioning agent must be an objective advocate of the building
owner. His/her responsibilities must include a designation to:
• Review the basis of design and the design intent as well as preliminary
working drawings;
• Create a commissioning plan and direct the commissioning process
that covers the following if present: air distribution systems, boilers,
automatic controls, lighting, refrigeration systems and water
distribution systems;
• Introduce standards and strategies early in the design process;
• Set target requirements in the contract documents to ensure
implementation of selected measures;
• Coordinate with the client, design team and contractor throughout
the commissioning, testing, and adjustment phases;
• Observe all testing, review and approve contractor test results; and
• Prepare a final commissioning report including recommendations
to the client regarding the performance of commissioned building
systems.
Background
Commissioning is a vital stage of most construction projects in ensuring
that building services and fabric operate as intended by the design team
- i.e. in an efficient and effective way. Very few buildings work as initially
intended by their design teams. As responsibility passes from client to
architect to contractor to operator to the maintenance team, there is
significant opportunity for things to go wrong, for misunderstandings, and
for strategy to give way to practical expediency.
The successful transfer of building information at the commissioning
stage will allow:
• Building operators to understand in detail what they need to do to
operate the facility and further tune it to continuously improve and
respond to changes in circumstance;


COMMISSIONING AGENT
• Maintainers to understand how to service the particular systems not

only for reliable operations but also for energy efficiency;
• Occupants to understand the limitations that they must work within to
maintain the design performance; and
• Future modifiers to understand the design basis for the building and
the systems so that these are not compromised in any changes.
Commissioning has traditionally been undertaken in a limited period of
time at the end of the project, when there is often no or little budget left. It
is done with the ambient climatic conditions at the time and usually with
the building unoccupied.
The aim of this credit is to promote better building tuning by ensuring
that the time and cost implications are accounted for during the design
phase. The benefits of a 12-month commissioning period include:
• Verifying that systems are performing at their optimum efficiency
during all climatic variations for the occupied building;
• Providing an opportunity for the systems to be tuned to optimise time
schedules to best match occupant needs and system performance;
and
• Aligning the systems operation to the attributes of the built space it
serves

Heating)


MAN-5 BUILDING USERS’ GUIDE

Aim of Credit
To encourage and recognise the provision of guidance material that
will enable building users to achieve the environmental performance
envisaged by the design team, and to manage future changes that
promote efficiency and environmental quality.
Credit Criteria
One point is awarded where it can be demonstrated that there is provision
of a simple Building Users’ Guide, which includes information relevant to
the building users, occupants and tenants’ representatives.
Stage One DA
DA Checklist.
Stage Two DA
DA Checklist.
part of the Construction Certificate:
• A copy of a contract between the building owner (or owner’s
representative) and the relevant member(s) of the design team which
demonstrates the Building Users’ Guide is included in that design
team member’s commission. The contract must specify that the
guide include all items listed in Additional Guidance below.
• A copy of the Building User’s Guide that has been provided to the
building owner. The Building User’s Guide must address all items
outlined in Additional Guidance.
Additional Guidance
The Guide must include the following:
Information on energy-efficient features and strategies in relation to
the building, including an overview of the potential savings - stated for
economic and environmental impact - to building users and occupants.


Monitoring and Targeting

Energy and water targets and benchmarks for the building and tenancy
as well as a metering and sub-metering strategy with details on how to
read, record, and present meter readings.
Building Services
A description of the basic function and operation of the following, with
simplified system diagrams and explanations of energy saving features:
• Ventilation;
• Heating system;
• Cooling system;
• Electrical systems;
• Lighting; and
• Domestic Hot Water.
Transport Facilities
Car-parking requirements including details of the provision of cycling
facilities, conditions of access and appropriate use. Also provide, if
applicable, local public transport information, maps and timetables,
and information or links on alternative methods of transport to (e.g.
carpooling).
Materials and Waste Policy
Information on recycling including what can be recycled, where the
recycling storage areas are, and schedules for waste/recycling removal.
Include instructions on proper use for less common practices such as
composting.
Expansion/Re-fit Considerations
A list of environmental recommendations for consideration, highlighting
in particular the areas covered in the Building Users’ Guide.
The provision of a building Operations and Maintenance (O&M) manual
is not required. The O&M manual typically only provides the detailed
specialist information required by building managers and maintenance
staff/contractors.
Background
The Building Users’ Guide is expected to provide details regarding the
everyday operation of the building and the systems building occupants
encounter, making it easier for all occupants within that building to
understand. The aim of the credit is to ensure that design features are
used efficiently and that changes to the building are managed in the most
environmentally appropriate manner.
This credit is aimed at management personnel, building occupants and
tenant representatives who make facilities management decisions and
who monitor internal facility performance against environmental measures.
This information is to be passed on to the personnel making those
management decisions and performing facility review, so that they are
aware of the environmental impacts of the building and the tenancies.



The following websites and manuals provide guidance on the type of
information that could be included in the Users’ Guide.
Energy
BASIX
http://www.basix.nsw.gov.au/
NSW Government Initiative: The Environment, It’s a Living Thing
http://www.livingthing.net.au/action03.asp
NSW Department of Energy, Utilities and Sustainability
http://www.deus.nsw.gov.au/energyandwaterfunds/index.htm
Waste
NSW Department of Environment and Conservation of NSW
http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/waste/index.htm
Water
Sydney Water
http://www.sydneywater.com.au/SavingWater/
NSW Government Water or Life Plan
http://www.waterforlife.nsw.gov.au/households/index.shtml
Materials
http://www.ecospecifier.org


MAN-6 RESIDENTS’ USER GUIDE

Aim of Credit
To encourage and recognise the provision of guidance material that will
enable residents to achieve the environmental performance envisaged by
the design team, and to manage future changes that promote efficiency
and environmental quality.
Credit Criteria
One point is awarded where it can be demonstrated that there is provision
of a simple Residents’ Guide, which includes information relevant to the
residents.
Stage One DA
DA Checklist.
Stage Two DA
DA Checklist.
• A copy of a contract between the building owner (or owner’s
representative) and the relevant member(s) of the design team which
demonstrates the Residents’ Guide is included in that design team
member’s commission and will include all items listed in Additional
Guidance below.
• A copy of the Resident’s Guide that has been provided to the building
owner. The Resident’s Guide must detail the items listed in Additional
Guidance below.
Additional Guidance
The Guide must include the following:
Information on energy-efficient features and strategies in relation to
the building, including an overview of the potential savings - stated for
economic and environmental impact - to residents and occupants. This
should be a non-technical document which should help the resident


understand why choice of light fitting, and choice of EnergyStar goods

are important.
Building Services
A description of the basic function and operation of the following, with
simplified system diagrams and explanations of energy saving features:
• Ventilation;
• Heating system;
• Cooling system;
• Electrical systems;
• Lighting; and
• Domestic Hot Water.
Transport Facilities
The following Council documents should be provided to residents:
• The Transport Access Guide Policy
• The Travel Demand Management Policy
• Cycle maps from the LUTI (Land Use and Transport Index).
Any other relevant issues which include car-parking requirements, the
provision of cycling facilities, conditions of access and appropriate use
of transport vehicles should also be provided. Also provide, if applicable,
local public transport information, maps and timetables, and information
or links on alternative methods of transport (e.g. carpooling).
Materials and Waste Policy
Information on recycling including what can be recycled, where the
recycling storage areas are, and schedules for waste/recycling removal.
Include instructions on proper use for less common practices such as
composting.
Expansion/Re-fit Considerations
A list of environmental recommendations for consideration, highlighting in
particular the areas covered in the Residents’ Guide such as the lighting
system, or indoor air quality friendly building materials during renovation
projects.
The provision of a building Operations and Maintenance (O&M) manual
is not required. The O&M manual typically only provides the detailed
specialist information required by building managers and maintenance
staff/contractors.
Background
The Residents’ Guide is expected to provide details regarding the everyday
operation of the building and the systems building occupants encounter,
making it easier for all occupants within that building to understand. The
aim of the credit is to ensure that design features are used efficiently and
that changes to the building are managed in the most environmentally
appropriate manner.


This credit is aimed at management personnel, building occupants and

tenant representatives who make facilities management decisions and
who monitor internal facility performance against environmental measures.
This information is to be passed on to the personnel making those
management decisions and performing facility review, so that they are
aware of the environmental impacts of the building and the tenancies.

The following websites and manuals provide guidance on the type of
information that could be included in the Users’ Guide.
Energy
BASIX
http://www.basix.nsw.gov.au/
Waste
NSW Department of Environment and Conservation of NSW
http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/waste/index.htm
Water
Sydney Water
http://www.sydneywater.com.au/SavingWater/
NSW Government Water or Life Plan
http://www.waterforlife.nsw.gov.au/households/index.shtml
Materials


MAN-7 ENVIRONMENTAL
MANAGEMENT
MAN-7 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

Aim of Credit
To encourage and recognise the adoption of a formal environmental
management system in line with established guidelines during
construction.
Credit Criteria
Up to three points are awarded as follows:
• 2 points are awarded where it can be demonstrated that the contractor
is required to provide and implement a comprehensive Environmental
Management Plan (EMP) for the works in accordance with Section 4
of the NSW Environmental Management System guidelines (1998).
• 1 point is awarded where it can be demonstrated that the contractor
is required to have ISO 14001 Environmental Management System
(EMS) accreditation applicable to the construction of this building.
Stage One DA
DA Checklist.
Stage Two DA
applicant should select the number of points claimed in the Stage Two
DA Checklist.
2 Points
• A copy of the EMP, clearly demonstrating compliance with the
requirements of Section 4 of the NSW Environmental Management
System guidelines (1998);
1 Point
• A copy of the current certificate of ISO 14001 accreditation indicating
that an appropriate EMS is operating within that organisation.
part of the Occupancy Certificate:


MAN-7 ENVIRONMENTAL
MANAGEMENT
2 points
• A copy of the EMP, clearly demonstrating compliance with the
requirements of Section 4 of the NSW Environmental Management
System guidelines (1998); and
• Copies of all reporting created through the use of the EMP as
evidence that the EMP was successfully implemented in accordance
with Section 4 of the NSW Environmental Management System
guidelines (1998).
Note that the EMP reporting documentation must be made available to
the City in the event of an audit, but can be omitted from documentation
submitted with the Occupancy Certificate submission.
1 Point
• A copy of the contractor’s current certificate of ISO 14001 accreditation,
its applicability and its restrictions;
OR
• Statement with the EMS or Project EMP showing that any
subcontractors relevant to the project will adhere to the ISO 4001
requirements.
Use the DCP checklist to nominate how compliance will be demonstrated
for the certifying officer.
Additional Guidance
Environmental Management Plan (EMP)
The certifying officer will be looking for evidence that the EMP used on-site
was written and implemented in accordance with Section 4 of the NSW
Environmental Management System guidelines (1998). The applicant will
first need to demonstrate that the EMP written for the project complies
with the requirements of the guidelines. This may have already been done
as part of the design submission.
It is strongly recommended that a compliance matrix is produced that
includes the NSW Environmental Management System Appendix C
requirements and a statement of how these have been fulfilled. The
certifying officer will expect that where an EMP has been correctly
implemented, an internal audit trail tracking compliance will be evident
ensuring that there is ongoing compliance during construction. A large
amount of the documentation may be required to demonstrate compliance
with this credit and in the event of an audit, the City of Sydney will expect
to receive all documentation associated with the implementation of the
EMP..
Further guidance on EMP requirements is provided in Appendix C of the
NSW Environmental Management System Guidelines (1998). Reference
can also be made to the Environmental Management Plan – Checklist
C1 used by the Olympic Coordination Authority for the Sydney 2000
Olympics.


MAN-7 ENVIRONMENTAL
MANAGEMENT
Environmental Management Systems (EMS) Certification

The certifying officer is looking to verify that the contractor(s) used for
construction were ISO14001 accredited applicable to the construction of
that development. The applicant needs to demonstrate that the contractor
was ISO14001 certified or obtained certification that is applicable to the
construction of that development. If subcontractors are used then the
chief contractor’s environmental management system must state that all
subcontractors will adhere to the requirements within the EMS.
It is important to distinguish between an environmental strategy that
is applied to the organisation undertaking the work (i.e. ISO 14001)
versus a site Environmental Management Plan (EMP) that establishes
environmental objectives and actions for the site works. ISO 14001 is
widely used and is applicable worldwide.
For smaller construction organisations with less than 30 staff, simple tools
other than ISO 14001 are acceptable where the results are made available
externally to customers and the public and internally to staff and other
building occupants. An external auditor’s report confirming evidence of
its effective use must be provided to achieve the point.
All systems are to follow the basic stages of top level commitment,
identification of impacts, review, target-setting, action plan, monitoring
and reporting. The process should be cyclical and ongoing. Systems
should ensure and/or state the following:
• The degree of high level commitment;
• Details of key responsibilities with names attached;
• Key environmental impacts are identified and prioritised as part of a
review process;
• Targets are set and an action plan established; and
• Monitoring and some form of reporting to senior management are
undertaken.
Background
Construction sites are responsible for significant environmental impacts
arising from site disturbance, pollution, construction waste, and water
and energy use. It is important that responsibility is taken to minimise
these impacts at a senior level if it is to be given the priority required
in key business decisions. ISO 14001 is widely used and is applicable
worldwide.
ISO 14001 provides management tools to control environmental aspects
and to improve environmental impacts. These tools can provide significant
tangible economic benefits, including:
• Reduced raw material/resource use;
• Reduced energy consumption;
• Improved process efficiency;
• Reduced waste generation and disposal costs; and
• Utilisation of recoverable resources.


MAN-7 ENVIRONMENTAL
MANAGEMENT

ISO 14001
http://www.iso.ch
NSW Environmental Management Systems Guidelines (1998); and
Olympic Coordination Authority EMP – Checklist C1
http://www.cpsc.nsw.gov.au/environment
Property Council of Australia
http://www.propertyoz.com.au/ (search EMS)
Environment Australia
Model Environmental Management System for Commonwealth
Agencies:
http://www.deh.gov.au/settlements/industry/corporate/ems.html


MAN-8 WASTE MANAGEMENT

Aim of Credit
To encourage and recognise management systems that facilitate the
reduction of construction waste going to landfill.
Credit Criteria
Up to two points are awarded where it is demonstrated that the contractor
will provide and implement a comprehensive waste management plan
AND contract provisions require the contractor to re-use and/or recycle
construction waste as follows.
• 1 point where at least 60% of waste by weight is re-used or
recycled;
• 2 points where at least 80% of waste by weight is re-used or
recycled.
percentage of waste recycled by weight and these must be reported to
the client quarterly.
Stage One DA
DA Checklist.
Stage Two DA
DA Checklist.
• A copy of the section of the contract conditions between the
contractor and either the developer or the owner which stipulates
that the contractor is required to recycle a stated percentage of
construction and demolition waste and which requires the contractor
to collect all waste receipts and report quarterly to the client on waste
recycling.
• Copies of the waste reports issued to the client quarterly showing the
percentage waste recycled or reused (by weight).
• Copies of all waste and recycling receipts for all waste leaving the
site during the construction period.


Copies of waste and recycling receipts must available to the City of

Sydney on request for auditing purposes, however it is not necessary to
attach waste and recycling receipts with the initial Occupancy Certificate
submission.
Additional Guidance
The collection of waste for recycling must come from all construction,
demolition and land clearing activities carried out on the project.
It is recommended that the contract between the builder and the owner
include commitments for the following:
• The establishment of an on-site waste management area for sorting
and segregating waste;
• Identification of appropriate waste sub-contractors for recycling, the
costs for collection, and timing of collection service;
• Participation in waste minimisation training for contractors and sub-
contractors;
• A published waste minimisation plan for all contractors to reduce on-
site waste to landfill by a specified percentage; and
• Provision for colour-coded and clearly marked containers for various
materials.
percentage of waste recycled, including weight and volume of all wastes
leaving the site and the destination and/or name of recycler/waste
hauler.
The provision of waste skips or bins at the waste storage area must
be made for each of the following materials (some of these may be in
combined skips provided evidence is provided to demonstrate that the
waste contractor will separate these materials off-site):
• Cardboard;
• Timber;
• Metal;
• Soft plastic;
• Polystyrene;
• Insulation;
• Concrete;
• Glass; and
• Bricks.
Numerous building materials and components can be recovered or
recycled. Common materials and re-uses include:
• Bricks and concrete used for clean-fill;
• Timber salvaged for new structural or material use, and timber
• waste ground into mulch or garden compost;


• Crushed concrete used as road-base;

• Plasterboard crushed for soil conditioner or for use in the
manufacture of new plasterboard;
• Steel, aluminium and other metals re-used in the manufacture of
new metal products;
• Foam insulation and packaging used for new insulation or soft
structural forms;
• Pallets re-used;
• Clean plastic from packaging used in place of new packaging
materials;
• Carpet and ceiling tiles returned for reconditioning/recycling by
the manufacturer;
• Light fixtures cleaned and re-used;
• Furniture refurbished and re-used; and
• Crushed tiles used for paving or landscape decoration.
Within this credit ‘recycled waste’ is defined as waste that has been
diverted from landfill. Stockpiling soil for re-use as fill on-site or off-site
shall not be used in the calculation of waste in this credit.
Background
Traditionally, the bulk of construction waste has gone to landfill, and it
has been estimated by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation
and Development (OECD) that the construction industry contributes
approximately 40% of all waste going to landfill. This is despite the fact
that much of the waste can be considered as a valuable resource and
re-used or recycled.
Waste management on building sites is becoming increasingly common.
As the availability of suitable land for landfill diminishes, and concerns
about the environmental implications of waste become more widespread,
re-use and recycling practices will increase.
A number of government programs have achieved strong results in
working with industry to reduce construction waste. For example, the
Commonwealth Government’s WasteWise Construction Program, was
a voluntary partnership program with private industry that ran between
1995 and 2001. Undertaken with more than a dozen major developer
and industry association partners, the waste reduction target was set at
50%. In actuality, most projects easily surpassed that target and regularly
achieved diversion rates above 70%.
The NSW Department of Environment and Conservation has also created
voluntary programs where project diversion rates have been in the 70-
80% range. The NSW Government has declared a 76% diversion rate
target to be achieved industry-wide by 2014.



NSW Department of Environment and Conservation
http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/index.htm
h t t p : / / w w w. r e s o u r c e . n s w. g o v. a u / d a t a / s t r a t e g y /
Strategy%202003%20web.pdf
WasteWise Construction Program
http://www.ea.gov.au/industry/waste/construction/wastewise/
Onsite – Minimising Construction Waste, Maximising Competitiveness
http://onsite.rmit.edu.au
OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development)
Environmentally Sustainable Buildings: Challenges and Policies (2003)
http://www.oecd.org


INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY IEQ-1 VENTILATION RATES
IEQ-1 VENTILATION RATES

Aim of Credit
To encourage and recognise the provision of outside air ducted to the air
conditioning system, in order to promote a healthy indoor environment.
Credit Criteria
Two points are awarded if ducted outside air is provided to air conditioning
systems. The fans and ductwork shall be sized to meet the outside air
provision of AS 1668.2-1991 for residential buildings and outdoor air
intake locations and passage of air shall be designed to meet AS 1668.2-
1991 requirements.
If less than 5% of dwellings are provided with air-conditioning, then this
credit is ‘Not Applicable’ and is excluded from the points achieved.
Stage One DA
DA Checklist.
Stage Two DA
applicant should select the number of points claimed in the Stage Two DA
Checklist. In addition, the following statement must be provided:
• Written confirmation from the Building Services Consultant or
Architect that the design allows for ducted outside air to be provided
to air conditioning systems in accordance with AS 1668.2-1991.
A completed copy of the checklist confirming applicability and
nominating dwellings which have air conditioning, providing the following
information:
• A copy of the BASIX summary sheet where each apartment type’s
air-conditioning system is nominated;
• A copy of the section of the mechanical specification where the
minimum outside-air rate for the system is stipulated;
• A copy of the mechanical design drawings for the development
showing the provision of ductwork and air intake locations.
Points will not be awarded unless it is clearly demonstrated that outside
air is ducted to air conditioning systems in accordance with AS 1668.2-
1991.


A completed copy of the checklist confirming applicability and
nominating dwellings which have air conditioning, providing the following
information:
• A copy of the BASIX summary sheet where each apartment type’s
air-conditioning system is nominated;
• Evidence from the commissioning report to show the outside air
provided to the air conditioning systems serving each space. The
minimum fresh air rate required by the standard also needs to be
quoted;
• Extracts from the as-built mechanical drawings showing the provision
of ductwork to the air conditioning system serving each space and
the locations of air intakes.
Additional Guidance
Apartments which have operable windows and air-conditioning are
considered to have air-conditioning for the purposes of this credit and
still require ducted air to obtain points for this credit. This is because air-
conditioning in these apartments is designed to operate with the windows
closed.
AS 1668.2-1991 sets minimum requirements for air-conditioning systems
for preventing an excess accumulation of airborne contaminants or
objectionable odours. It does not cover other requirements associated
with comfort, such as temperature, humidity, air movement or noise.
AS 1668.2-1991 prescribes general requirements for outdoor air supply
and two methods of calculation of mechanical ventilation whereby
indoor air contaminants are diluted by introducing outdoor air into the
enclosure:
• Prescriptive Procedure – a simple but conservative approach which
addresses health and minimum ventilation amenity; and
• Engineered Procedure based on the Dilution Index – a complex but
more accurate approach which addresses health and permits design
to a specified amenity grade (which is deemed to comply with the
minimum mandatory requirements of the Prescriptive Procedure).
Background
AS 1668.2–1991 sets minimum permissible ventilation rates having
consideration to health and ventilation amenity. The minimum ventilation
rates specified are intended to maintain general contaminants (e.g.
body odours, volatile organic compounds, etc) at concentrations below
exposures that have potential to cause adverse health effects to a
substantial majority of occupants.
Australians today spend over 90% of their time indoors.
The World Health Organisation estimates that up to 30% of new and
remodelled buildings worldwide may be subject to excessive complaints
related to indoor air quality. Employers, building owners, product


manufacturers, engineers, architects and builders are all at risk of litigation

arising from claims based on indoor air pollution and poor IEQ.
Clearly there is a balance to be struck between providing adequate fresh
air in recirculation systems to dilute contaminants and the loss/gain of
heat with the resulting increased energy consumption needed to maintain
comfort levels.

Standards Australia
AS 1668.2-1991 The Use of Mechanical Ventilation and Air-conditioning in
Buildings – Mechanical Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor-air Quality
AS 1668.2-2002 The Use of Ventilation and Air conditioning in Buildings
- Ventilation Design for Indoor Air Contaminant Control.
http://www.standards.com.au
Heating)
AIRAH Technical Handbook 3rd Edition
ASHRAE Fundamentals Handbook 1997


IEQ-2 KITCHEN VENTILATION
IEQ2 – KITCHEN VENTILATION

Aim of Credit
To encourage and recognise the design of kitchens which reduce mould
growth and the build up of indoor air pollutants through the use of effective
ventilation.
Credit Criteria
Up to two points are awarded where kitchens are effectively naturally
ventilated or mechanically ventilated with dedicated exhausts.
Points are awarded for the % of kitchens in a development to be naturally
ventilated/ mechanical ventilated with dedicated exhaust:
• 1 point for 60% of kitchens
• 2 points for 90% of kitchens
Stage One DA
DA Checklist.
Stage Two DA
Checklist. In addition, the following must be provided:
• Written confirmation from the Architect that the nominated percentage
of dwellings will have ventilated kitchens or ducted mechanical
ventilation.
A completed copy of the checklist nominating dwellings which have air
conditioning, providing the following information:
• A copy of the plan drawings of each typical dwelling showing the
location of the windows; and
• A copy of the drawings for each typical dwelling providing details of
the mechanical ducted ventilation.
• Specification stating that kitchens for each typical dwelling will be
either naturally ventilated or have mechanically ducted ventilation.
• A completed copy of the checklist nominating dwellings which have
air conditioning, providing the following information:
• Specification showing requirement for ducted ventilation; and


IEQ-2 KITCHEN VENTILATION
• A copy of the as-built mechanical drawings for each typical dwelling

showing vents and dedicated exhaust; or
• A copy of the as-built plan drawings showing the location of the
kitchen window.
Additional Guidance
For natural ventilation, openings must be in kitchens and in accordance
with AS1668.2 2003 (ie more than 5% of the floor area to be operable).
Dedicated exhausts must be in accordance with AS1668.2 2003.
Mechanical ventilation should convey fumes, smoke and other pollutants
to an acceptable external location to ensure that the discharged air, will
not impacting on nearby residents or businesses.
Background
Kitchen smells and fumes can make a dwelling uncomfortable, therefore
being able to extract these fumes close to the point of origin will ensure
a good indoor environment quality. Having a window by a kitchen allows
the pollutants to be extracted naturally and reduces the reliance on
mechanical ventilation. Good ducted mechanical ventilation will also rid
the indoor environment of any unwanted fumes and smells.
Cooking can cause humidity, and therefore needs to be extracted from the
indoor environment to prevent mould. Mould is a type of fungus. There
are numerous naturally occurring species present outdoors and inside
buildings. Typically they pose no hazard to people however problems
may arise when quantities of mould grow beyond usual limits or when
particular species are introduced into a building. In these situations,
mould can cause irritation, allergic responses and infections particularly
in the eyes and respiratory system.
Excessive moisture in various building materials and systems can provide
a place for mould to grow. Controlling humidity and moisture problems
is the main way to prevent unhealthy mould growth and build up. This
is achieved through good natural ventilation or ducted mechanical
ventilation.

Department of Infrastructure, Planning and Natural Resources
(DIPNR)
Residential Flat Design Code
http://www.planning.nsw.gov.au/programservices/dcode.asp
Residential Flat Design Code, Part 3, Building Amenity, Natural
Ventilation
http://www.planning.nsw.gov.au/programservices/pdf/designcode/03_
part03_b.pdf
Department of Environment and Heritage
State of Knowledge Report: Air Toxics & Indoor Air Quality in Australia.
– 2001
http://www.deh.gov.au/atmosphere/airquality/publications/sok/index.
html


IEQ-3 NATURAL VENTILATION

Aim of Credit
To encourage and recognise the design of dwellings which through the
incorporation of effective natural ventilation promote a healthy indoor
environment.
Credit Criteria
Up to four points are awarded where dual aspect design is provided in
dwellings so that effective natural ventilation can be achieved in all living
areas, as follows:
• 1 point is awarded where 60% of dwellings are provided with dual
aspect
aspect
aspect
aspect
Stage One DA
DA Checklist.
Stage Two DA
Checklist. In addition, the following must be provided:
• Written confirmation from the Architect that the nominated percentage
of dwellings will be dual aspect.
A completed copy of the checklist nominating dwellings which are dual
aspect, providing the following information:
• A copy of the plan drawings of each dwelling showing the location of
the windows.
• A completed copy of the checklist nominating dwellings which are
dual aspect, providing the following information:


• A copy of the as-built plan drawings of each dwelling showing the

location of the windows.
Additional Guidance
Openable size of windows should not be less than 5% of the floor area of
a room. (refer to AS1668.2 (2003))
Dual aspect dwellings require windows on opposite sides of a dwelling
or windows on adjacent facades for corner apartments. The difference in
the orientation of openings in dual-aspect apartments must be no less
than 90°
Background
Natural ventilation provides fresh air for removal of pollutants and reduces
the reliance on mechanical ventilation. By allowing fresh air through a
dwelling this creates a comfortable indoor environment. Dual Aspect
dwellings ensure effective natural ventilation as having windows on more
than one façade improves air circulation.

(DIPNR)
Residential Flat Design Code, Part 3, Building Amenity, Natural
Ventilation
part03_b.pdf


IEQ-4 DAYLIGHT
IEQ-4 DAYLIGHT
Aim of Credit
To encourage and recognise designs that provide good levels of daylight
for building occupants.
Credit Criteria
Up to three points are awarded where it is demonstrated that a nominated
percentage of the Conditioned Area has a Daylight Factor no less than
2.5% as measured at the floor level under a uniform design sky, as
follows:
• 1 point is awarded where 30% of the Conditioned Area has a daylight
• 2 points are awarded where 60% of the Conditioned Area has a
daylight factor no less than 2.5%;
• 3 points are awarded where 90% of the Conditioned Area has a
daylight factor no less than 2.5%.
Stage One DA
DA Checklist.
Stage Two DA
applicant shall provide the following:
• Written confirmation from the architect or ESD consultant that the
proposed form and floor plate layout of the design could feasibly
achieve the nominated target.
This confirmation is sought because the size, shape and layout of the floor
plate for the Stage 2 DA proposal will significantly influence the availability
of natural light.
• The completed checklist summarising the outcomes and methodology
of the Daylight Modelling Report.
• A daylight modelling report (see additional guidance)
• Documentation that allows the certifying officer to confirm that all of
the outcomes described in the Daylight Modelling Report are included
in the design submitted to council for construction approval.


IEQ-4 DAYLIGHT

of the daylight modelling report.
• A daylight modelling report (see additional guidance)
• Documentation that allows the certifying officer to confirm that all of
the outcomes described in the daylight modelling report correlate to
the built form.
• A certifying officer may also carry out on-site checks of glazing type
and area.
Additional Guidance
Credit Checklist
The checklist must be filled in and appended to the front of the Daylight
Modelling Report. All information must be entered and verified before
points are awarded. The checklist must be signed by the engineer/
designer responsible for calculations.
Note that this information needs to be provided separately for each
typical apartment. Apartments may be considered to be typical where the
variation of the above information does not vary by more than 5%.
Enough typical apartments must be modelled to account for 90% of the
total conditioned area of the development.
Conditioned Area
Conditioned Area is as per the definition of conditioned area in the BASIX
software.
Daylight Modelling Report
The Daylight Modelling Report must include the following information:
• A description of the methodology and/or modelling software used to
calculate the Daylight Factors;
• A description of the building model including values of reflectance
and transmittance used for each relevant material/glazing;
• A description of the Uniform Design Sky used for the daylight
model;
• Legible floor plan outputs from the daylight modelling for each plan
area claimed to have a Daylight Factor ≥2.5%; and
• A summary table showing the NLA, divided into spaces and the area
in each space which satisfies the 2.5% Daylight Factor.
Daylight Factor
The Daylight Factor describes the proportion of internal illuminance over
external horizontal illuminance and is expressed as a percentage.
A typical horizontal external illuminance might be 10,000 Lux for many
parts of Australia. In this instance, wherever the internal light levels are
250 Lux, the Daylight Factor is 2.5%.
Daylight Factor is a useful method for benchmarking the effectiveness
of a design, because it measures the proportion of daylight entering a


IEQ-4 DAYLIGHT
building and is not climate specific. At present there is not enough data
on daylight availability in Australia to conveniently and accurately design
to achieve specific Lux targets.
Uniform Design Sky
A uniform design sky is a sky with a standard level of illuminance across
the entire hemisphere. It is the simplest sky condition because each point
on the hemisphere provides the same amount of light. Uniform skies are
still sometimes used for cases where access to light is being argued.
Hand Calculations
It is acceptable to calculate Daylight Factor using hand calculations
for simple designs. To use hand calculations, there must be negligible
overshadowing of glazed areas and separate calculations must be
provided for each space.
Point Calculations
All software calculates Daylight Factor at points on a plan. Some systems
calculate the Daylight Factor for an almost infinite number of points,
providing very accurate results. Other modelling programs request the
user to identify the points matrix on the floor plan.
The Daylight Factor must be calculated for at least one point for each
square metre of floor area. A maximum 1m² grid must be overlaid over
the floor plan to determine these points and at all perimeters, each 1m²
must begin at the façade. Daylight Factor is then calculated in the centre
point for each box in the grid.
Overshadowing
Overshadowing must be taken into account. A nearby building or feature
(such as a cliff face) must be accounted for in overshadowing where:
• The building height is at least a third of the height of the proposed
building design; AND
• Where the angle between the nearest point at the top of that
building and the nearest point base of the proposed building is greater
than the June 21 (winter) midday altitude of the sun.
General Guidance
The following rules of thumb are often used when determining the expected
daylight performance of a building design with clear float glazing:
• The room depth is less than 7m.
• The general reflectance of surfaces is middle to high - i.e. surfaces
are generally light in colour including walls and ceiling. The floor
covering should not be excessively dark although this surface is less
relevant as it can be assumed that much of the reflective area will be
covered by furniture when the building is in occupation.
• The sky must be visible from desk height (0.7m) for at least 80% of
each room (based on floor area).
Note that the above is a guide only and all submissions must demonstrate
through calculations that the Credit Criteria have been met.


IEQ-4 DAYLIGHT
Background
The sun has been used for centuries to light building interiors during the
day, but many buildings today tend to place great emphasis on artificial
lighting.
Unfortunately studies are now starting to show that the increased reliance
on artificial lighting is having a detrimental impact on occupant health
and wellbeing. Whilst this has not been studied to the full effect in
Australian residential buildings, a significant body of research has begun
to document the impact of natural light in schools and on students.
In educational environments, the research consistently indicates that
students in classrooms with access to natural light perform better in all
academic fields than students in classrooms without natural light at the
same school. The advantage of the use of students as case studies is that
generally the benchmarks are identical, allowing a reasonable degree of
comparison in performance.
International research has also found that students studying in
environments with natural light have better attention rates, are less prone
to being distracted or disruptive, and have better health than fellow
students in artificially lit rooms.
The impact of circadian rhythms on our productivity and health is well
documented. These rhythms are based on the body’s understanding of
the time of day, which is driven by access to daylight. The natural changes
in light that occur over the course of the day drive the circadian rhythms
and remind the body that it is not evening.
Whilst most of the current research has been developed for school
environments, the improvements measured in students are improvements
which are likely not only to improve occupant health and wellbeing, but
also productivity.

Standards Australia
AS 1680.1-1990 Interior Lighting - General Principles and
Recommendations
International Energy Agency
Daylighting in Buildings, IEA 2000
http://www.iea.org/
Daylighting and Window Design, CIBSE 1999
Illuminating Engineering Society of Australia
Skylight Availability in Australia – Data and Their Application to Design, Dr
Nancy Ruck, IESA 2001
http://www.iesanz.org/
Daylighting Design of Buildings by Nick Baker and Koen Steemers,
James and James 2002


IEQ-5 ACCESS TO SUNLIGHT

Aim of Credit
To encourage and recognise the benefit to occupant health and wellbeing
of designing for good sunlight access.
Credit Criteria
Up to 3 points are awarded for encouraging good sun access to dwellings
through the following:
Living Rooms and Private External Spaces
Up to two points are awarded where it can be demonstrated that living
rooms and private external spaces have a minimum of 3 hours direct
sunlight between 9am and 5pm, in mid winter.
• 1 point is awarded by requiring 70% of dwellings to meet this
criteria
• 2 points are awarded by requiring 90% of dwellings to meet this
criteria
• I point is awarded if single aspect dwellings do not have a southerly
aspect (SW-SE).
Stage One DA
DA Checklist.
Stage Two DA
proposed form and floor plate layout of the design could feasibly
achieve the nominated target.
of direct sunlight.
part of the Construction Certificate. Complete the checklist and attach as
required:
• Construction plan and elevation drawings for each typical dwelling
type nominating the glazing on the main living room and external
floor space(s) that has a minimum of 3 hours direct sunlight between
9am and 5pm, in mid winter; and


• A summary table showing the number of hours of sun access to

the main living rooms and private external spaces between 9am and
5pm, in mid winter, for ALL the dwellings. The % number of dwellings
meeting the credit criteria must also be given.
• Stereographic diagrams showing 3 hours of direct sunlight for both
the main living room and the private external space(s) for each typical
dwelling.
• Construction plan drawings showing that single aspect dwellings do
not face south (SW-SE) are required for the single aspect point to be
awarded.
part of the Occupancy Certificate. Complete the checklist and attach as
required:
• As-built plan and elevation drawings for each typical dwelling type
nominating the glazing on the main living room and external floor
space that has a minimum of 3 hours direct sunlight between 9am
and 5pm, in mid winter; and
• A summary table showing the number of hours of sun access to
the main living rooms and private external spaces between 9am and
5pm, in mid winter, for ALL the dwellings. The % number of dwellings
meeting the credit criteria must also be given.
• Stereographic diagrams showing 3 hours of direct sunlight for both
the main living room and the private external space(s) for each typical
dwelling.
• As-built plan drawings showing that single aspect dwellings do not
face south (SW-SE) are required for the single aspect point to be
awarded.
Use the checklist to help the certifying officer match the information
submitted to each design outcome.
Additional Guidance
Nominated glazing on the main living room must be shown on the plan
drawings and elevations.
There can be more than one private external space. The minimum
requirement of 3 hours of direct sun light can be split between these
spaces, but the primary private external space attached to the main living
area must have at least one hour of direct sun light between 9am and
5pm.
External shading and glare control must be integrated into the design.
Recommendations for the design of direct sunlight can be found in the
‘better design practice’ in the Department of Infrastructure, Planning and
Natural Resources (DIPNR) Residential Flat Design Code, Part 3, Daylight
Access.


Stereographic Diagrams
Either computer generated stereographic diagrams or hand calculations
must be provided for the main living room and private external space(s)
of each typical dwelling, as follows:
• The orientation of the living room on the stereographic diagram for
each typical dwelling must match that of the living room glazing
nominated on the plan drawings.
• The orientation of the private external space(s) on the stereographic
diagram must match that of the orientation of the main external wall
the private external is attached to, from the plan drawings.
External shading and glare control must be integrated into the
calculations.
Mid winter is 21st June. For the purposes of a stereographic diagram
this can be shown anytime between 1st June and 1st July as the distance
between the lines is minimal.
Overshadowing from existing buildings or natural features in close proximity
must be taken into account when calculating the direct sun access to this
development. All submissions must be able to demonstrate, if required,
at a later date, through calculations that the Credit Criteria have been
met.
Hand calculations and stereographic diagrams are acceptable for
simple designs. To use hand calculations, there must be negligible
overshadowing of glazed areas and separate calculations must be
provided for each space.
Single aspect dwellings not facing south (SW-SE) must have a balcony
for the point to be awarded.
Typical Dwellings
Dwellings may be considered to be typical where the variation of the
layout, shading, orientation and glazing size does not vary by more than
5%.
Background
Sunlight contributes to residential amenity by providing ambient lighting
that minimises the need for artificial lighting during daylight hours as it is
a benefit to health and wellbeing.
Sunshine is known to be beneficial for health and wellbeing due to
stimulating hormone production of melatonin, which in turn influences the
endocrine system and immune system.
It should be noted however that over exposure to sunlight is harmful to
health and therefore consideration should be given to shading when
designing external spaces. The recommendation in the Department of
Infrastructure, Planning and Natural Resources (DIPNR) Residential Flat
Design Code, Part 3, Daylight Access should be considered.



(DIPNR)
Part 3, Building Design, Daylight Access
part03_b.pdf


IEQ-6 EXTERNAL SPACE

Aim of Credit
To encourage and recognise dwelling designs which improve health and
well being through the provision of external spaces.
Credit Criteria
Up to two points are awarded where it is demonstrated that an external
space has been provided, as follows:
• I point is awarded where sufficient communal space is provided. This
must be at least 25% of the site. (see additional guidance)
• 1 point is awarded when a private open space is provided for at least
90% of the dwellings. This must be at least 15% of the internal floor
space of each residential dwelling. (see additional guidance)
Stage One DA
DA Checklist.
Stage Two DA
proposed site layout and floor plate layout of the design could
feasibly achieve the nominated targets.
of space for external space.
Communal Space
• A copy of the site plan drawings illustrating where the communal
external space will be provided; and
• A schedule of areas (from BASIX) showing the area of the communal
external space and the site area; and
• Calculations showing that the communal external space is 25% of
the site.
• If the building is over 45m², a wind effects report is required to show
that roof terraces are useable spaces.
Private Space
• A copy of the construction drawings illustrating where the private
external space is to be provided for each typical dwelling; and


• A schedule of areas showing the total internal floor area (from BASIX)
and the external private space floor area, for ALL dwellings.
• Calculations showing that the private external space is 15% of the
internal floor space for each typical dwelling. The % number of
dwellings meeting the credit criteria must also be given.
• If the building is over 45m², a copy of the wind effects report is
required to show that balconies and external terraces are useable
spaces.
Use the DCP checklist to illustrate how each dwelling will achieve the
required percentage of communal and private external space.
Communal Space
• A copy of the as-built site plan drawings illustrating where the
communal external space has been provided; and
• A schedule of areas (from BASIX) showing the area of the communal
external space and the site area; and
• Calculations showing that the communal external space is 25% of
the site; and
• If the building is over 45m², a copy of the wind effects report is required
and it must be shown that the recommendations were carried out.
Private Space
• A copy of the as-built drawings illustrating where the private external
has been provided for each typical dwelling ; and
• A schedule of areas showing the total floor area of the dwelling (from
BASIX) and the external private space floor area for each typical
dwelling, and
• Calculations showing that the private external space for each typical
dwelling is 15% of the total floor area and a minimum of 25m² for
ground floor dwellings; and
• If the building is over 45m², a copy of the wind effects report is
required. It must be shown that the recommendations in the report
to ensure that the balconies and terraces are useable spaces were
carried out.
Use the DCP checklist to illustrate how each dwelling will achieve the
required percentage of communal and private external space.
Additional Guidance
Communal External Space
Communal external space must be at least 25% of the site, this space
may be accommodated on a podium or roof.
Recommendations for the design of the space can be found in the
Department of Infrastructure, Planning and Natural Resources (DIPNR)
Residential Flat Design Code, Site Configuration, Part 2, Open Space.


Private External Space

Private external space can be a balcony, deck, terrace, garden, courtyard
or roof terrace and must be at least 15% of the internal floor space of each
residential dwelling.
Ground level private external space must be a minimum area of 25m².
Primary balconies must be able to accommodate seating for the number
of people that occupy the dwelling and be a minimum of 2m deep, as
follows:
• Balconies in one bedroom or studio apartments should be a minimum
of 2m deep and be able to comfortably accommodate a table and
two chairs.
• Balconies in apartments over one bedroom should be a minimum
of 2.4m deep and be able to comfortably accommodate a table and
four chairs.
Primary private external spaces must be attached to the main living areas,
ie living room, dining room or kitchen, in order to extend the residential
living space to promote indoor/outdoor living. Secondary private external
spaces can be included in the 15% requirement for added amenity and
choice.
Recommendations for the design and detail of private external space(s)
can be found in the Department of Infrastructure, Planning and Natural
Resources (DIPNR) Residential Flat Design Code, Part 3, (See Sections
for Balconies and Apartment Layout).
Building design should minimise adverse wind effects on external spaces
within the development. For buildings over 45m, a wind effects report
must be submitted illustrating that balconies and open terraces will be
usable. The report must clearly state what needs to be undertaken to
ensure that balconies and open terraces are useable.
Background
External space is an environmental resource. By improving the connection
between internal and external space, this in turn can be beneficial to health
and wellbeing. This is very pertinent In Sydney as the temperate climate
is suitable for extending the living space of dwellings.

(DIPNR)
Residential Flat Design Code, Site Configuration, Part 2, Open Space
part02_b.pdf
Residential Flat Design Code, Part 3, Building Design


part03_a.pdf
State of the Environment Planning Policy No. 65, Design Quality of
Residential Flat Development
h t t p : / / w w w. l e g i s l a t i o n . n s w. g o v. a u / m a i n t o p / v i e w / i n f o r c e /
epi+530+2002+first+0+n/


IEQ-7 THERMAL COMFORT

Aim of Credit
To encourage and recognise the use of thermal comfort assessments to
guide design options.
Credit Criteria
Up to two points are awarded where it is demonstrated that assessments
have been made of thermal comfort levels during the design phase and
used to evaluate appropriate servicing options.
The following Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) levels, calculated in accordance
with ISO7730, (or equivalent using Draft ASHRAE Comfort Standard 55
and “Developing an Adaptive Model of Thermal Comfort and Preference
- Final Report on ASHRAE RP884”), must be achieved during Standard
Hours of Occupancy and using standard clothing, metabolic rate and air
velocity values for 98% of the year:
• 1 point is awarded where PMV levels are between -1 and +1;
• 2 points are awarded where PMV levels are between -0.5 and 0.5.
Stage One DA
DA Checklist.
Stage Two DA
DA Checklist.
of the Thermal Comfort Design report, and
• A thermal comfort design report summarising thermal comfort
calculations for the project design and demonstrating that the PMV
targets are achieved. The thermal comfort design report must include
all information required in the Additional Guidance section of this
credit; and
• Copies of architectural facade and roof drawings and elevations to
show the façade materials in the design; and
• Copies of architectural plan drawings clearly showing each zone
assessed for thermal comfort; and
• Copies of the sections of the specification where the thermal
properties of materials are nominated.


of the Thermal Comfort Design report; and
• A thermal comfort report demonstrating how the as-built design
complies with the criteria of the credit. The report will need to contain:
thermal modelling simulation output including hour PMV levels for
each day of the year that the space is occupied; a summary of radiant
temperatures, air temperatures and humidity from the simulation and
details of the weather data used.
• The report will also need to demonstrate that it is valid for the as-built
design by referencing the following attached documents:
• Copies of as-built plant drawings clearly showing each zone assessed
for thermal comfort; and
- Copies of as-built facade and roof drawings and elevations to
show the facade materials in the design; and
- Supplier certification for all glazing showing the type, quantity
and data sheets for each type of glass supplied; and
- Commissioning reports demonstrating correct operation of the
mechanical ventilation or natural ventilation system.
Where thermal comfort calculations were provided for earlier submissions,
the applicant need only demonstrate that the design and materials have
not been significantly altered from that used for the original calculations.
Alterations to the original design are to be documented. If there have
been significant changes, then the as-built design is to be re-modelled
for thermal comfort. The certifying authority reserves the right to request
remodelling of an as-built design where they deem it to be too different
to the original design submission. Thermal comfort calculations must use
default values for clothing, metabolic rate and air velocity as outlined in
Additional Guidance.
Additional Guidance
The Certifying authority will not award points unless it is clear that the
modelling is based on the documented design and that the thermal
comfort results correlate with what would be expected for the project
facade and system details.
The checklist must be filled in and appended to the front of the Thermal
Comfort Report. All information must be entered and verified before points
are awarded. The checklist must be signed by the engineer/designer
responsible for calculations.
Note that this information needs to be provided separately for each
typical apartment. Apartments may be considered to be typical where the
variation of the above information does not vary by more than 5%.
Enough typical apartments must be modelled to account for 90% of the
total conditioned area of the development.


Zone Distribution
For apartments that have separate bed rooms and living rooms, the
bed rooms are to be individually zoned. The rest of the apartment is to
be one zone. The summation of the areas of these zones is to equal
the Conditioned Area. The Conditioned Area is as per the definition of
conditioned area in the BASIX software. For single room apartments (ie
studio apartments) a single zone is sufficient with two thermal comfort
calculations to be performed for day and night time operation as per the
internal loads section.
Thermal comfort results are to be calculated on an area weighted average
between the bed rooms and living spaces.
Internal Loads
Temperature bands for AC operation: 21°C – 24°C
Equipment: 20W/m²
Lighting: 10W/m²
Occupancy:
Bed rooms
2 people for the master bedroom, 1 person per bedroom the other
bedrooms, 70 watts per person sensible and 60 watts per person latent
Living rooms
Number of people = number of bedrooms plus one, 70 Watts per person
sensible and 60 Watts per person latent
Infiltration: To suite facade design
Internal load profiles:
Week Day Weekend

Lights Equipment Occupancy Plant Lights Equipment Occupancy Plant
1 0% 0% 100% 0% 0% 0% 100% 0%
2 0% 0% 100% 0% 0% 0% 100% 0%
3 0% 0% 100% 0% 0% 0% 100% 0%
4 0% 0% 100% 0% 0% 0% 100% 0%
5 0% 0% 100% 100% 0% 0% 100% 100%
6 0% 0% 100% 100% 0% 0% 100% 100%
7 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
8 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
9 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 15% 100%
10 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 15% 100%
11 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 15% 100%
12 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 15% 100%
13 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 40% 100%
14 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 40% 100%
15 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 40% 100%
16 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 15% 100%


Week Day Weekend

Lights Equipment Occupancy Plant Lights Equipment Occupancy Plant
17 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
18 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
19 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
20 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
21 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
22 0% 0% 100% 100% 0% 0% 100% 100%
23 0% 0% 100% 100% 0% 0% 100% 100%
24 0% 0% 100% 100% 0% 0% 100% 100%
Thermal Comfort Design Report

The Thermal Comfort Design Report submitted must include the following
information:
• A description of the HVAC system and drawings showing how the
building layout has been zoned for the thermal comfort analysis;
• A description of the methodology and software package used for
determining the thermal comfort levels;
• The clothing, metabolic rate and air movement values used (see
standard variable values below);
• A summary of the hourly thermal comfort results, radiant temperatures,
air temperatures and humidity for each zone; and
• A description of the year’s worth of weather data used.
Weather Data
A Test Reference Year’s (TRY) worth of weather data must be used to
calculate hourly thermal comfort values for each location where one is
available.
Where no TRY is available, the applicant will be expected to demonstrate
that the weather data is typical of that locality.
Standard Variables
Standard Hours of Occupancy are defined as:
Monday to Friday: 5am – 9am & 5pm – 12pm
Saturday – Sunday: 5am -12pm
The following CLO, MET and Air Velocity constants shall be used:
For Air Conditioned:
For determining the frequency of PMV > 0.5 & 1.0:
CLO = 0.6
MET = 1.0
Air Velocity = 0.15m/s
For determining the frequency of PMV < -0.5 & -1.0:
CLO = 0.95
MET = 1.0


For fully Naturally Ventilated homes:

For determining the frequency of PMV > 0.5 & 1.0:
CLO = 0.6
MET = 1.0
For determining the frequency of PMV < -0.5 & -1.0:
CLO = 1.2
MET = 1.0
These standard values were based on values published in ISO 7730.
Background
Most buildings are designed using air temperature design conditions.
Whilst this metric is the most easy to measure for the determination of
comfort, it is often a poor indicator of how comfortable spaces actually
are. This is because the sensation of comfort is based on a wide range of
parameters, which include air temperature, radiant temperature, humidity,
air movement, clothing levels and metabolic rates.
Some examples of where one might feel uncomfortable, despite ambient
conditions of 21-24°C include:
• Feeling too hot in direct sun on a 22°C day;
• Feeling cold from the draught in an air-conditioned office; and/or
• Feeling hot in an air-conditioned car on a very hot day.
This credit aims to encourage projects to design for comfort, rather than
temperature. To assist this, there is an international standard (ISO 7730)
that was developed to measure thermal comfort, rather than temperature,
to assess the comfort of building occupants.
The purpose of ISO 7730 is to present a method for predicting the thermal
sensation and the degree of discomfort (thermal dissatisfaction) of people
exposed to moderate thermal environments and to specify acceptable
environmental conditions for comfort. It applies to healthy men and women
and was originally based on studies of North American and European
subjects but also agrees well with recent studies of Japanese subjects
and is expected to apply with good approximation in most parts of the
world. It applies to people exposed to indoor environments where the
aim is to attain thermal comfort, or indoor environments where moderate
deviations from comfort occur.
The Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) is an index that predicts the mean value
of the votes of a large group of persons on the following seven point
thermal scale:
+3 hot;
+2 warm;
+1 slightly warm;


0 neutral;
-1 slightly cool;
-2 cool; and
-3 cold.
The PMV index can be determined when the activity (metabolic rate)
and the clothing (thermal resistance) are estimated, and the following
environmental parameters are measured:
• air temperature;
• mean radiant temperature;
• relative air velocity; and
• humidity
A PMV of –1 to +1 corresponds to a Predicted Percent Dissatisfied (PDD)
of no more than 25% (i.e. 25% of people are dissatisfied or uncomfortable).
A PMV of –0.5 to +0.5 corresponds to a PDD of 10%. A PMV of zero
would still have 5% of occupants dissatisfied or uncomfortable.

ISO (International Organisation for Standardisation)
ISO 7730 Moderate Thermal Environments – Determination of the PMV and
PDD Indices and Specification of the Conditions for Thermal Comfort
http://www.iso.ch
Standard 55-1992 - Thermal Environmental Conditions
ASHRAE 55P - Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human
Occupancy


IEQ-8 ASBESTOS
IEQ-8 ASBESTOS
Aim of Credit
To encourage and recognise actions taken to reduce health risks to
occupants from the presence of hazardous materials.
Credit Criteria
One point is awarded where it is demonstrated that an asbestos survey
has been carried out and all identified asbestos has been appropriately
removed and disposed of as defined by the relevant environmental and
Occupational Health and Safety (OH&S) legislation.
For new buildings which have an existing building component of less than
25% of the conditioned area this credit is ‘Not Applicable’ and is excluded
from the points available for the Indoor Environmental Quality Category.
Stage One DA
DA Checklist.
Stage Two DA
DA Checklist.
Complete the DCP checklist and provide the following documentation to
demonstrate compliance with the construction certificate:
• A copy of elevation drawings of the design showing the extent of any
retained building; and
• A summary of the conditioned area for each floor of the retained
building and for the new building (this may be done as part of the
checklist).
• A copy of an asbestos survey and report that has been carried out on
the existing building. This must be undertaken by a suitably qualified
person.
If asbestos was found, the following supplementary documentation is
also required:
• A copy of the building contract requiring that all asbestos be disposed
of according to the relevant environmental and OH&S legislation.
Complete the DCP checklist and provide the following documentation to
demonstrate compliance with the occupancy certificate:
• A copy of as-built drawings showing the extent of any retained
building;


IEQ-8 ASBESTOS
• A summary of conditioned area for each floor of the retained building

and for the new building(this may be done as part of the checklist);
• An asbestos survey and report from a suitably qualified person;
• Disposal receipts or certification from the contractor confirming that
the asbestos has been removed and disposed of in accordance with
the relevant environmental and OH&S legislation.
(Disposal receipts are not required to be attached to the submission,
but must be made available to the Council in the event of an audit.
Additional Guidance
Although asbestos is now rarely used in construction, many asbestos-
containing products and materials may still be found in existing buildings.
These include vinyl asbestos tiles, laboratory table tops, roofing felts,
suspended ceiling tiles, and asbestos cement products (including pipes,
roof and wall cladding). However, these types of materials do not present
a significant health risk unless they are tooled, cut, drilled, sanded or
otherwise abraded or machined so as to release asbestos dust.
Sprayed insulation materials containing asbestos may be encountered
throughout buildings and other structures, especially those built from
the 1950s to the mid-1980s. Such buildings will often have asbestos
in use as sprayed-on fireproofing/soundproofing/thermal insulation and
acoustic plaster soundproofing.
Background
Asbestos is a mineral mined from earth. It is composed of strong fibres,
which are long and silky in appearance. When it is processed, many
very small fibres are created. The asbestos fibres can become airborne
because they are very fine. Once in the air, the fibres are easily inhaled or
swallowed. If they are inhaled, they can cause Mesothelioma, Asbestosis,
lung cancer and pleural diseases. These effects can take up to 40 years
to develop.
When they are inhaled into the lung, the lung’s defence cells try to
destroy the asbestos fibres, but the body’s defence mechanisms
cannot break down asbestos. The result is that the asbestos fibres
remain in the lungs and cause scarring and the inflammation continues
for decades. This thickening and scarring prevents oxygen and carbon
dioxide from travelling between the tiny air sacs of the lungs and into the
blood stream, so breathing becomes much less efficient. In people who
develop asbestosis, the inflammatory process (once started) continues
to progress, fuelled by the indestructible asbestos fibres even after the
exposure to asbestos has ceased. Mesothelioma is a form of malignancy
that arises from the cells which line the chest wall or the abdominal cavity,
or cover the lung and cover the bowel in the abdominal cavity.
National Occupational Health and Safety Commission: Guide to the
Control of Asbestos Hazards in Buildings and Structures
Asbestos was used extensively in structures such as buildings, processing
plants, ships, trains and motor vehicles in the 1950s, 1960s and early
1970s. The use of sprayed asbestos is now banned in all States, and


IEQ-8 ASBESTOS
crocidolite and amosite have been declared customs prohibited imports.

The known adverse health consequences of asbestos exposure dictate
that some control is required.
The main methods of controlling asbestos in buildings and other structures
are:
• Administration;
• Enclosure;
• Encapsulation/sealing; and
• Removal.
The hazard posed by asbestos is determined by the nature of the product
and its condition, and these dictate how it is to be treated. Various
approaches for the treatment of asbestos are outlined in the course of
this document; however, there may be specific applications where special
approaches may be required.
Work involving asbestos removal, encapsulation, enclosure or work which
involves the disturbance of asbestos must be carried out in conformity
with the Guide and its attached Code so that the level of contamination
is kept as low as possible, and restricted to areas inaccessible to those
persons not adequately protected.

National Occupational Health and Safety Commission (NOHSC)
Guide to the Control of Asbestos Hazards in Buildings and Structures
[NOHSC: 3002 (1988)]
http://www.nohsc.gov.au
Code of Practice for the Safe Removal of Asbestos [NOHSC: Draft
2002(2004)]
h t t p : / / w w w . n o h s c . g o v. a u / p u b l i c c o m m e n t / D o c u m e n t s /
CoPSaferemovalJan2004.pdf
Exposure Standards for Atmospheric Contaminants in the Occupational
Environment- Asbestos
h t t p : / / w w w . n o h s c . g o v. a u / O H S I n f o r m a t i o n / D a t a b a s e s /
ExposureStandards/az/Asbestos_.htm
WorkCover NSW, Guidelines for Licensed Asbestos Removal
Contractors
http://www.workcover.nsw.gov.au/NR/rdonlyres/5BAFA677-8FC0-49F5-
8819-2579EEE0FC43/0/guide_asbestos_removal_4065.pdf
WorkCover NSW, Safety Guidelines and requirements for work involving
asbestos
http://www.workcover.nsw.gov.au/NR/rdonlyres/88AFF22B-B1AB-4AF8-
87DC-183CBEA073AA/0/guide_working_asbestos_4064.pdf


IEQ-9 INTERNAL NOISE LEVELS

Aim of Credit
To encourage and recognise buildings that are designed to maintain
internal noise levels at an appropriate level.
Credit Criteria
Up to two points are awarded where it is demonstrated that for 95% of the
building’s conditioned area, the design achieves ambient internal noise
levels in accordance with AS/NZS 2107:2000, as follows:
• 1 point is awarded where the building services noise meets the
recommended design sound levels provided in Table 1 of AS/NZS
2107:2000.
• 1 point is awarded where the sound levels are between 40-45 dB
LAeqT in living areas and 35-40dB LAeqT in bedrooms.
Stage One DA
DA Checklist.
Stage Two DA
DA Checklist.
part of the Construction Certificate. Complete the checklist summarising
the outcomes and methodology of the Acoustic Report and attaching the
following:
• A copy of the noise design report, prepared by a qualified acoustics
consultant, describing all relevant internal and external noise sources
and the design features required to demonstrate the Credit Criteria
has been achieved; and
• A copy of construction plans, sections and details to demonstrate
noise control features are included in the documented design.
part of the Occupancy Certificate. Complete the checklist summarising
the outcomes and methodology of the Acoustic Report and attaching the
following:
• A copy of as-built plans, sections and details to demonstrate noise
control features are included in the documented design.


• A commissioning report showing the results that the as-built design

achieves the claimed noise levels and outlines the conditions under
which the tests were carried out. This will need to ensure that the
commissioning report confirms that the credits which have been
claimed have been achieved.
Additional Guidance
Credit Checklist
The checklist must be filled in and appended to the front of the Acoustic
Report. All information must be entered and verified before points are
awarded. The checklist must be signed by the engineer responsible for
calculations.
General
The noise criteria are to be demonstrated on a LAeqT scale, where T is
taken as the normal working day (8 hours). The noise from all sources -
both internal and external - is to be included. Where windows are operable,
these are deemed to be open for the purposes of the calculation.
In naturally ventilated buildings compliance with the requirements of the
overall building credit will be difficult. Note that all operable windows must
be open during the test.
For air conditioning or plant noise with excessive low frequency energy
due to turbulence (rumble), significant annoyance can arise even when
the A-weighted sound pressure level is below the recommended value.
The acoustic consultant is to provide comment on this if applicable to the
building.
Background
Internal noise is a significant factor in terms of occupant satisfaction and
wellbeing. It can have a major influence on health and wellbeing and is
recognised as a health hazard by the World Health Organisation.
Sound is measured in terms of pressure levels to which the human ear is
extremely sensitive. The measure used is the decibel (dB). On this scale
0dB corresponds to the lowest possible audible sound and 140dB to the
level at which pain will occur. The scale is not linear and an increase of
3dB corresponds to a doubling of the sound intensity whilst an increase
of 10dB is perceived as an approximate doubling of the loudness of the
sound.
Noise level usually lies in the range between 30dB (A) and around 100dB
(A) with levels above 85dB (A) capable of causing some permanent loss
of hearing. Noise levels fluctuate and a number of scales are used to
represent this. These scales are referred to as dB L scales.
LAeq - This scale measures the average energy of the noise level. It is the
equivalent steady state level of a fluctuating noise level. When considered
over a period of time T, this is represented by the scale dB LAeqT. AS/NZS
1269.1:1998 sets out the method for calculating this level.
LA90 - This scale measures the level that is exceeded for 90% of the
time.
LA10 - This scale measures the level that is exceeded for 10% of the time
- i.e. the louder end of the noise range only.



Standards Australia
AS/NZS 2107:2000 Acoustics - Recommended Design Sound Levels and
Reverberation Times for Building Interiors
AS/NZS 1269.0:1998 Occupational Noise Management – Overview
AS/NZS 1269.1:1998 Occupational Noise Management - Measurement
and Assessment of Noise Emission and Exposure
National Occupational Health and Safety Commission
National Standard for Occupational Noise [(OHSC: 1007(2000)]
National Code of Practice for Noise Management and Protection of
Hearing at Work [NOHSC: 2009(2000)]
http://www.nohsc.gov.au/PDF/Standards/Noise_2ed_2000.pdf


IEQ-10 VOLATILE ORGANIC
COMPOUNDS
IEQ-10 VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

Aim of Credit
To encourage and recognise projects which reduce the detrimental impact
on occupant health from finishes emitting internal air pollutants.
Credit Criteria
Up to three points are awarded where it is demonstrated that various
finishes meet the benchmarks for low Volatile Organic Compound (VOC)
content.
One point is awarded for each criterion below that is achieved:
• 95% of all painted surfaces are low-VOC paints OR no paint is
used;
• All carpets are low-VOC OR no carpet installed; and/or
• All adhesives and sealants are low-VOC OR no adhesives/sealants
used.
Stage One DA
DA Checklist.
Stage Two DA
DA Checklist.
Nominate which of the carpets, paints and adhesives and sealants are
going to qualify for this credit, then provide the following documentation:
• A copy of the section of the specification where the VOC limits for
each paint, carpet and adhesive/sealant type are nominated; and
• A copy of the section of the specification where it states that the
contractor is required to obtain approval of the design team or client
before substituting the finishes listed in the schedule.
part of the Occupancy Certificate. Use the checklist to provide a list of all
products used with low VOC content and attach:
• VOC data sheets for each product quoting the VOC content of the
product, provided by the supplier and signed by a suitably qualified
representative.


COMPOUNDS
• Supplier certification confirming the quantity of each product

supplied.
• Sub-contractor certification which confirms that the products supplied
were used in the development.
Note that data sheets and supplier and sub-contractor certification
must be available for audit by the City of Sydney but do not need to be
submitted with the formal application.
Additional Guidance
The certifying authority will not award points at the Construction Approval
stage unless it is clearly a documented requirement that all finishes
types claimed in the credit will meet the VOC content limits stipulated
in ‘Additional Guidance’. The certifying authority will only award points
where it is clear in the documentation that all finishes of a particular type
have been addressed by the documentation.
At Occupancy Approval stage, the certifying authority will be looking for
evidence that all instances where the specified material is used internally,
a low VOC product has been used. This means a given finish or material
must satisfy the low VOC material criteria, and that all instances where that
material was used, the low VOC material was employed. The certifying
authority will use the tables in ‘Additional Guidance’ to evaluate whether
or not a material meets the credit criteria.
The applicant will need to show through documentation from the supplier
the VOC content of the material / finish is within the limits prescribed.
They will also need to show the proportion of the low VOC product
actually used correlates with the claim through the provision of supplier
sub-contractor certification which demonstrates those products were
supplied and used.
The following international standards are to be referenced for low-VOC
and low-formaldehyde emitting products.
Paints
VOCs are to be in accordance with The Australian Environmental
Labelling Association, Inc. Standard No: AELA 23-2005 ‘Australian
Voluntary Environmental Labelling Standard Architectural and Protective
Coatings’. Conformance with VOC levels listed in this standard (refer
to table below) shall be demonstrated by providing test reports from
laboratories accredited to carry out the relevant tests and/or calculations
and appropriate documentation of production methods and quality
controls.
Product Type Maximum VOC content (g/litre)

Latex primer for galvanized iron & 60
zincalume
Exterior latex undercoat 55
Interior latex undercoat 65
Interior sealer 65
Exterior timber primer 50
Interior gloss 75


COMPOUNDS

Interior semi-gloss 16
Interior low sheen 16
Interior flat-washable 16
Interior flat-ceilings 14
Exterior gloss 75
Exterior semi-gloss 70
Exterior flat and low sheen 50
VOC limits on architectural coatings covered. Allowable levels include water
content in the formulation.
For solvent-based coatings the paint shall not contain VOCs in excess of
200g/litre. For recycled paints the VOC level (averaged across batches)
in the paint must not exceed 100g/litre.
The VOC content of the paint shall either be calculated from the VOC
data for each of the raw materials or, experimentally by ASTM D3960,
as qualified the Australian Environmental Labelling Association, Inc.
Standard No: AELA 23-2005 ‘Australian Voluntary Environmental Labelling
Standard Architectural and Protective Coatings’.
Where the raw material is a mixture of compounds, some of which contain
VOCs, the VOC content of the mixture may in turn be calculated from the
VOC content of the individual components. Where this is not known, it
must be determined by the methodology detailed in AELA 23-2005.
Carpets
Reference: Carpet and Rug Institute Green Label (U.S.)
• Total VOC limit 0.5 mg/m² per hour
• 4-PC (4-Phenylcyclohexene) 0.05mg/m2 per hour
Compliance Testing: Carpet and Rug Institute Green Label (U.S.) OR
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) D 5116 ‘Guide
for Small-Scale Environmental Chamber Determinations of Organic
Emissions from Indoor Materials/Products’.
Adhesives and Sealants
VOCs are to be in accordance with The Australian Environmental Labelling
Association (AELA) ‘Architectural and Protective Coatings’ or ‘Adhesive’
standards (23-2005).
The following maximum VOC content are allowable, as per the South
Coast Air Quality Management District (California, U.S.) Rule 1168.

Indoor carpet adhesive 50
Carpet pad adhesive 50
Outdoor carpet adhesive 150
Wood flooring adhesive 100
Rubber flooring adhesive 60
Sub-floor adhesive 50


COMPOUNDS

Ceramic tile adhesive 65
Cove base adhesive 50
Dry Wall and Panel adhesive 50
Multipurpose construction 70
adhesive
Structural glazing adhesive 100
Architectural sealants 250
The VOC limits are less water and less exempt compounds.
Compliance Testing: Refer South Coast Air Quality Management District Rule
1168 for testing methods and exempt compounds.
Background
People spend over 90% of their lives indoors and their exposure to air
pollutants is far greater from breathing indoor air than outdoor air. It is
commonly found for most air pollutants that indoor air concentrations
are far in excess of those outdoors. Consequently there is considerable
research underway concerning:
• eliminating or controlling sources of indoor pollutants; and
• ensuring building ventilation rates are sufficient to remove pollutants
for which source control is limited (refer IEQ-1).
VOC is the term used to describe the several hundred organic chemicals
in the boiling point range of 50°C to 260°C. These consist primarily of
petrochemical solvent-type compounds - e.g. aliphatic and aromatic
hydrocarbons, alkenes, halogenated hydrocarbons, ketones, aldehydes
and esters. The global problems attributed to VOCs arise from the use
of solvents in many industrial processes. Estimates in Australia alone are
that in excess of 80,000 tonnes of VOCs are released into the atmosphere
annually with the existing technology.
In both new and existing buildings it is common to find 50 or more of these
compounds at average concentrations of 200 ppb (existing buildings)
and 1000 ppb (new buildings). In new buildings concentration levels of
5000 ppb have been measured. Outdoor levels are typically 10 to 20 ppb.
Sources of VOCs in buildings include:
• in new buildings: paints, adhesives, carpets, sealants, reconstituted
wood products, new furniture; and
• in established buildings: cleaning products, printed materials,
office equipment, consumer products, dry-cleaned clothing and car
exhaust.
Due to the large number of compounds, indoor air concentrations are
typically based on total VOC (TVOC) concentrations, essentially the sum
of the individual concentrations.
The health effects of exposure to VOC are consistent with ‘sick building
syndrome’ effects – eye, nose and skin irritation, headache, lethargy.
These have been observed in subjects exposed to 1000 ppb and indoor
air goals have been set to limit exposures to much lower levels (in Australia,
the NHMRC level of concern is 500 μg/m3, approximately 100 ppb).


COMPOUNDS

The Australian Environmental Labelling Association, Inc.
http://www.aela.org.au
Australian Voluntary Environmental Labelling Standard ‘Architectural and
Protective Coatings’ Standard No: AELA 23-2005 Issued: 14 January
2005
Australian Voluntary Environmental Labelling Standard ‘Adhesives’
Standard no: AELA 1-2005, issued 10 January 2005
http://www.greenprocurement.org/database/paint/products.jsf
South Coast Air Quality Management District (U.S.) - Rules and
regulations
http://www.aqmd.gov/rules/rulesreg.html
Carpet and Rug Institute (U.S.)
http://carpet-rug.com
Nordic Swan Ecolabelling
Ecolabelling of Panels for the Building, Decorating and Furniture Industry
http://www.svanen.nu/Eng/default.asp
State of Knowledge Report: Air Toxics and Indoor Air Quality in Australia.
– 2001
http://www.deh.gov.au/atmosphere/airtoxics/publications/sok/appb.html
Allergy Research Foundation
AIRAH Short Course – Indoor Air Quality
Indoor Air Pollutants: Sources, Health Effects and Measurement by Steve
Brown (CSIRO)
http://www.arf.org.au/research
National Occupational Health and Safety commission
Guidance Note for the Assessment of Health Risks Arising from Hazardous
Substances in the Workplace [NOHSC: 3017(1994)
Guidance Note on the Interpretation of Exposure Standards for
Atmospheric Contaminants in the Occupational Environment [NOHSC:
3008(1995)] 3rd Edition


IEQ-11 FORMALDEHYDE
MINIMISATION
IEQ-11 FORMALDEHYDE MINIMISATION

Aim of Credit
To encourage and recognise projects that reduce the use of formaldehyde
composite wood products in order to promote a healthy indoor
environment.
Credit Criteria
One point is awarded where it is demonstrated that:
• All composite wood product is low emission formaldehyde;
OR
• No composite wood product used.
Stage One DA
DA Checklist.
Stage Two DA
DA Checklist.
• A copy of the section of the architectural specification where the
formaldehyde content or emissions standard for all composite wood
product is stipulated;
OR
• A copy of the relevant section(s) of the architectural specification(s)
where it is stipulated that no composite work products are to be used
in the project.
submitted.
part of the Occupancy Certificate, where you have used low-formaldehyde
MDF:
• Formaldehyde data sheets for each product used which quote the
Formaldehyde content of the product, provided by the supplier and
signed by a suitably qualified representative; and
• Supplier certification confirming the quantity of each product
supplied; and


IEQ-11 FORMALDEHYDE
MINIMISATION
• Sub-contractor certification which confirms that the products supplied

were used in the development.
part of the Occupancy Certificate, where you have not used MDF:
• Signed certification from the architect that MDF was not used;
• Signed certification from the builder that MDF was not used;
submitted. Note that data sheets and supplier and sub-contractor
certification must be available for audit by the City of Sydney but do not
need to be submitted with the formal application.
Additional Guidance
The emission of formaldehyde from wood-based materials must not
exceed in their raw state - i.e. prior to machining or coating - the E1
emission limit according to standard EN 13986;
OR
The emission of formaldehyde from the final product shall not exceed
0.05 ppm after 28 days when tested and certified in accordance with
EN717-1.
For occupancy approval, the certifying authority will require evidence
that where composite wood products are used, that it is of the low
formaldehyde type. The certifying authority will require documentation to
confirm that material satisfies the low formaldehyde criteria (as outlined
in ‘Additional Guidance’) and that all instances where that material was
used, the low formaldehyde material was employed.
The applicant will need to show through documentation from the supplier
the formaldehyde content of the composite wood product is within the
limits prescribed. In addition the proportion of the low formaldehyde
product actually used must correlate with the claim through the provision
of supplier sub-contractor certification which demonstrates those
products were supplied and used.
Background
We spend over 90% of our lives indoors and our exposure to air pollutants
is far greater from breathing indoor air than outdoor air. It is commonly
found for most air pollutants that indoor air concentrations are far in
excess of those outdoors. Consequently there is considerable research
underway concerning:
• eliminating or controlling sources of indoor pollutants; and
• ensuring building ventilation rates are sufficient to remove pollutants
for which source control is limited (refer IEQ-1).
Formaldehyde is a widely used industrial chemical (generally as a solution
in water) and is a gas at room temperature. Formaldehyde resins are
used to bond the constituent parts together (in some particleboards and
all fibreboards) and have been reported to:
• Be an irritant at low levels to eyes, mucous membranes, nose and
throat;


IEQ-11 FORMALDEHYDE
MINIMISATION
• Lead to sensitive skin (dermatitis) and respiratory systems (asthma

and rhinitis);
• Increase the risk of cancer; and
• There is some evidence of reproductive hazards and ability to
damage a foetus.
Formaldehyde resin continues to emit vapour after it has hardened.
Of particular relevance for residential dwellings is that kitchen cupboards
are often made from composite wood products. As a general rule a
kitchen is usually included in a development, therefore this should be
addressed in the design.

State of Knowledge Report: Air Toxics and Indoor Air Quality in Australia.
– 2001
http://www.deh.gov.au/atmosphere/airquality/publications/sok/index.
html
European Standards
prEN 13986, 2001. Wood-based Panels for Use in Construction –
Characteristics, Evaluation of Conformity and Marking.
Nordic Swan Ecolabelling
Ecolabelling of Panels for the Building, Decorating and Furniture Industry
http://www.svanen.nu/Eng/default.asp
Allergy Research Foundation
AIRAH Short Course – Indoor Air Quality
Indoor Air Pollutants: Sources, Health Effects and Measurement by Steve
Brown (CSIRO)
http://www.arf.org.au/research
Guidance Note for the Assessment of Health Risks Arising from Hazardous
Substances in the Workplace [NOHSC: 3017(1994)
Guidance Note on the Interpretation of Exposure Standards for
Atmospheric Contaminants in the Occupational Environment [NOHSC:
3008(1995)] 3rd Edition


ENERGY ENE-1 BASIX ENERGY
ENE-1 BASIX ENERGY

Aim of Credit
To encourage and recognise design initiatives which exceed the BASIX
benchmarks for operational energy efficiency of the development.
Credit Criteria
Up to twelve points are awarded where it is demonstrated there is an
improvement in energy efficiency using the BASIX calculator. Points are
available as follows:
Stage One DA
DA Checklist.
Stage Two DA
DA Checklist.
• Provide the BASIX certification for the proposed development
for council.
Provide the BASIX certification for the proposed development
for council.


ENE-1 BASIX ENERGY
Additional Guidance
BASIX Certification is a compulsory requirement for all new developments
that include dwellings. It is a requirement of this credit that at each
stage of the submission a BASIX certificate is provided to demonstrate
compliance.
Background
BASIX is a NSW Government initiative that ensures new homes are
designed and built to use less potable water and produce fewer
greenhouse gas emissions.

BASIX
www.sustainability.nsw.gov.au


ENE-2 ELECTRICAL SUB-METERING

Aim of Credit
To encourage and recognise the provision of electrical sub-metering to
facilitate energy monitoring of base building services.
Credit Criteria
One point is awarded where it is demonstrated that sub-metering is
provided for substantive energy uses within the building (greater than
100kVa).
Where there is only one substantive energy use, this credit is N/A
Stage One DA
DA Checklist.
Stage Two DA
DA Checklist.
part of the Construction Certificate. Complete the checklist, nominate
major energy uses in the building and provide:
• Schematic drawings showing the inclusion of all electrical meters
• Extract from the specification showing the requirements for the
installation of electrical meters in the design.
The following documentation is required to demonstrate compliance
as part of the Occupancy Certificate. Complete the checklist, nominate
major energy uses in the building and provide:
• As-installed schematic drawings with location of all sub meters
clearly marked and showing maximum load for each meter.
• The as-installed point schedule for the BMS showing that all electrical
meters are correctly installed and extracts from the commissioning
report showing that the meters function correctly
Additional Guidance
For typical residential buildings this could include separate metering for:
• Car parks Lighting and Ventilation;
• Air conditioning Systems:


• Air handling fans;

• Lifts;
• Common area light and power;
• Swimming Pools and Leisure Facilities
If there is a Building Management System (BMS) which can provide a
breakdown of the energy use by building system and location, this will
also comply with the Credit Criteria although relevant details of the BMS
and data must be provided to confirm the metering capability of the
system.
Background
Statistics revealed in the Energy Supply Association of Australia show that
despite a slowing in population growth in some jurisdictions, electricity
consumption grew by 3.7 per cent growth in residential electricity
consumption, which outstripped the 2.6 per cent rise in business electricity
demand.
In successfully managing energy consumption it is important that
sufficient data is available to building managers to allow them to monitor
consumption and compare historically. Sub-metering allows building
managers and operators to fine-tune operational procedures to minimise
consumption and to detect any operational problems and correct them
to reduce energy wastage..

Building Performance Congress
Bordass W. Cohen R. and Field J. Energy Performance of Non-Domestic
Buildings: Closing the Credibility Gap, Frankfurt, April 19-24, 2004
h t t p : / / w w w. u s a b l e b u i l d i n g s . c o . u k / P a g e s / U n p r o t e c t e d /
EnPerfNDBuildings.pdfAustralian Building Greenhouse Rating
http://www.abgr.com.au
Queensland Department of Public Works
Energy Conservation Manual for Government Office Building Tenants
http://www.build.qld.gov.au
NSW Ministry of Energy and Utilities
Reducing Greenhouse Emissions from Government Operations
http://www.energy.nsw.gov.au/
International Performance Measurement and Verification Protocol
http://www.ipmvp.org/


ENE-3 PEAK ENERGY DEMAND
REDUCTION
ENE-3 PEAK ENERGY DEMAND REDUCTION

Aim of Credit
To encourage and recognise projects that implement systems to reduce
peak demand on energy supply infrastructure.
Credit Criteria
Two points are awarded where it can be demonstrated that energy
demand reduction systems are installed to reduce peak demand on
electricity infrastructure by 25%.
The reduction shall be measured against base building peak energy
demand calculated without the benefit of the installed reduction
systems.
This may be achieved by on-site generation or by thermal/energy storage
systems, but not by load lopping using the Building Management System
(BMS).
Stage One DA
DA Checklist.
Stage Two DA
DA Checklist.
• A report summarising the following:
o Peak Load of Building
o Peak Load of installed Peak Energy reduction plant
o Type of System
• Extracts from the specification describing the system to be installed
on-site to reduce peak energy demand;
• Drawings which illustrate the location and installation of the on-site
generation or energy/thermal storage system(s); and
for council.


REDUCTION
• A report summarising the following:

o Peak Load of Building
o Peak Load of installed Peak Energy reduction plant
o Type of System
• Extracts from the specification describing the system to be installed
on-site to reduce peak energy demand;
• Drawings which illustrate the location and installation of the on-site
generation or energy/thermal storage system(s); and
It is expected that where such systems were installed, a significant
amount of time and detail would be required to ensure the correct design
and commissioning of such a system.
for council.
Additional Guidance
The typical peak energy demand occurs during summer on hot afternoons
when the air conditioning, electrical appliances and lighting is providing
maximum cooling.
Peak energy demand reduction systems must be used to supply dwellings
and common areas.
Peak energy demand reduction systems that could comply with the
credit’s requirements include, but are not limited to, the following:
• Distributed energy systems;
• Cogeneration;
• Micro-turbines;
• Photovoltaics (with battery storage);
• Fuel cells;
• Energy and thermal storage systems;
• Batteries;
• Ice and chilled water storage; and
• Phase change materials.
The use of load shedding by the BMS does not achieve this credit. This is
because load shedding strategies are rarely well implemented in practice
and usually relate to aspects of energy use that could be better managed
by good design.
Stand-by generators do not qualify for this credit. Stand-by generators
are not designed for peak energy demand reduction, but are primarily for
risk management purposes in times of brown- or black-outs.
Generators that are designed and integrated into the building for the
purpose of peak energy demand reduction would be considered by the
Assessor(s) under this credit category.


REDUCTION
Energy storage systems may also be useful in combination with

intermittent energy sources, a common trait of many renewable energy
sources. The most common example of this is a system that utilises the
excess electricity from a photovoltaic array to charge a battery during
daylight hours, then draws off the battery during the night.
Background
Energy providers are obligated to have excess power generation and
transmission capacity to handle peaks in the system – i.e. typically a few
hours in the afternoon during unusually hot weather. This capacity needs
to handle ordinary business operations during busy working times with
increased demand for air conditioning. As a result, secondary power
plants are built to handle these extra load requirements.
It is often the case that the life of older, dirtier plants are prolonged to handle
these peak loads rather than decommissioned. The result is extra capacity
and infrastructure built into the system with the attendant greenhouse gas
emissions from power generation. Lessening the demand at these peak
times is one strategy for reducing the energy infrastructure required to
meet the needs of buildings and industry.
Case Study: Supply to Brisbane CBD and Surrounding Suburbs
ENERGEX and Powerlink have identified emerging limitations in the
electricity network supplying the Brisbane CBD Area (2003). The
analysis is based on assumptions about future electricity demand and
anticipated generation patterns. It indicates that reinforcement of supply
to the Brisbane CBD Area is required prior to late 2005 to avoid network
overloads during intact conditions or loss of supply to customers during
network contingencies.
The pattern of electricity use in the CBD Area is driven by the large
commercial component of the load. This results in a relatively constant
demand profile during the day which then drops away at night.
Electricity demand growth in the Brisbane CBD Area is mainly dependent
on commercial development and construction of high rise residential
units.
The electricity network supplying the Brisbane CBD Area is presently
capable of supplying all of the area’s power needs under intact network
conditions. However, analysis by ENERGEX and Powerlink shows that
during the period of the study the network will be unable to supply the
entire load during intact network conditions due to overload at some
substations and transmission cables.
Analysis also shows that if certain critical single contingencies occur at
time of peak load, then the rest of the network will be unable to supply the
remaining load and load shedding will be required.

CSIRO
Demand-Side Response and the Electricity Network
http://www.det.csiro.au/factsheets/demandside.htm


REDUCTION
Queensland Government Office of Energy

Demand Side Management in an Electricity Supply System
http://www.energy.qld.gov.au/
Australian Greenhouse Office
Managing Energy in Local Government
http://www.greenhouse.gov.au
Emerging Networks Limitation Report: Supply to Brisbane CBD and
Surrounding Suburbs by Energex Ltd and Powerlink Queensland (23
June 2003)


TRANSPORT TRA-1 PROVISION OF CAR PARKING
TRA-1 PROVISION OF CAR PARKING

Aim of Credit
To encourage and recognise building design that promotes the use of
alternative modes of transport by limiting available car park spaces.
Credit Criteria
Up to two points are awarded where it can be demonstrated that car
parking spaces provided on the site are less than the maximum planning
allowances for occupant and visitor on-site parking, as follows:
• 1 point is awarded for car parking spaces that are at least 25% less
than the maximum residential planning allowances and no more than
2 car parking spaces above the minimum visitor planning allowances.
(See Additional Guidance)
• 2 points are awarded for car parking spaces that are at least 50%
less than the maximum residential planning allowances and no
more than 2 car parking spaces above the minimum visitor planning
allowances. (See Additional Guidance)
Where car parking is not permitted in the local planning scheme this
credit is ‘Not Applicable’ and is excluded from the points available used
to calculate the Transportation Category Score.
Stage One DA
DA Checklist.
Stage Two DA
DA Checklist.
• A map of the site in the context of the City of Sydney, showing which
Land Use and Transport Index (LUTII) the site falls within; and
• An indication of the total number of parking spaces provided by
the project design and a comparison of this total with the maximum
occupant and minimum visitor car parking allowances stated in the
LUTI; and
• Architectural plans of all car parking provisions for the site showing
the number of parking spaces allowed for.


• A map of the site in the context of the City of Sydney, clearly showing
which LUTI the site falls within; and
• As-built plans and sections of car park areas clearly showing all car
park spaces; and
Use the DCP checklist to summarise how the development satisfies the
requirements of the credit by showing how the total number of parking
spaces in the design has been calculated. A comparison of this total
with the maximum occupant and minimum visitor car parking allowances
stated in the LUTI should also be shown on this checklist; and
Additional Guidance
The Assessor(s) will be looking for confirmation of the maximum/minimum
number of spaces allowable by the City of Sydney (as per the Land Use
and Transport Integration Index (LUTI) in the Local Environmental Plan
(LEP) for Car Parking Provision), as well as evidence clearly showing all
the car park spaces provided as part of the development.
Map 1 (Residential), in the Car Parking Provision LEP illustrates which
LUTI the site falls within, from ‘low’ to ‘very high’. The occupant and
visitor car parking rate provision are also tabled in this LEP, stating the
maximum residential and minimum visitor car parking allowances and
directly relates to which LUTI the site falls within. It should be noted that
the occupant car parking rates are maximum permitted rates whereas the
visitor car parking are minimum rates required; both maximum occupant
and minimum visitor car parking rates must be adhered to for the credits
to be awarded. The car parking provisions criteria in section 3 of the LEP
must also be adhered to.
An example of parking allowances for a 15 Apartment Residential Building,
in a ‘Moderate’ LUTI area in Glebe:
5 x 1 bedroom apartment = 3 spaces
10 x 2 bedroom apartment = 9 spaces
Maximum spaces allowable in LEP = 12 spaces
• 25% less than maximum spaces allowable = 9 spaces
• Minimum visitor spaces = 1 space per 6 apartments = 2.5 spaces
• 1 point = 12 spaces (9 spaces residential + 3 spaces visitor
parking)
Parking spaces and design should be in accordance with AS/NZS
2890.1:2004, Parking Facilities and Off Street Car Parking.
If this credit is not allowable under the local planning scheme requirements
this must be demonstrated either by a copy of the requirements or by a
letter from the City of Sydney which confirms that this is the case.


Background
According to the Australian Greenhouse Office the transport sector is
the third largest contributor to Australia’s greenhouse gas emissions and
accounts for 73.9 million tonnes of Australia’s total net greenhouse gas
emissions, representing just over 16.1% of Australia’s total emissions.
About 90.2% of these emissions come from road transport, including
cars, trucks and buses.
Greenhouse gas emissions from the transport sector are also the fastest
growing emissions of any sector, rising by 20.3% from 1990 levels. The
Bureau of Transport Economics projects that, without reduction measures,
emissions from the transport sector will rise by 38% between 1990 and
2010.
Atmospheric emissions are derived from a wide variety of anthropogenic
and natural sources, and have effects both on human health and on
the environment. Fossil fuel combustion, particularly by motor vehicles,
has been identified as the largest single contributor to the air pollutants
specified in the table below:
Carbon Hydrocarbons Nitrogen Oxide Particulates

Monoxide (CO) (HC) (NOx) (PM)
70-95% 40-50% 70-80% 10-50%
Contribution (%) of Motor Vehicles to Air Emissions in Major Australian
Cities (source Coffey Partners 1996)
The NSW EPA State of the Environment Report 2000 states that motor
vehicles contribute over half the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in
Sydney’s air and are by far the biggest contributors of carbon monoxide.
Reducing the number of car parking spaces will not only encourage
building occupants to use public transport but also to car share, walk or
cycle to work.
The City of Sydney have established a car parking rate provision that
reflects existing accessibility of public transport and neighbourhood centre
services where appropriate. This is to encourage the reduction in car
dependency by restricting maximum car parking rates and encouraging
walking, cycling and public transport to and within the City of Sydney.
This will reduce the number of motor vehicles travelling through and to
the City of Sydney, and improve the overall environmental quality and
pedestrian and cyclist amenity.
Nature Conservation Council - Smogbusters is a community education
initiative funded by the Commonwealth Government under the Natural
Heritage Trust Air Pollution in Major Cities Program. It aims to improve
urban air quality and help Australia meet its greenhouse gas objectives
by increasing community understanding of, and willingness to adopt,
better transport practices such as walking, cycling, bus, train, ferry and
tram use.
Smogbusters is run jointly between the Commonwealth Government and
the state-based Conservation Councils. Smogbusters projects are located
in Perth, Adelaide, Melbourne, Sydney and Brisbane, and together form a
national network of community-based Smogbusters activity.



Sustainable Transport, http://www.greenhouse.gov.au/transport
Department of Transport and Regional Services (DOTARS)
Motor Vehicles and the Environment, http://www.dotars.gov.au/mve/
Nature Conservation Council
Smogbusters, http://www.nccnsw.org.au/transport


TRA-2 CYCLIST FACILITIES

Aim of Credit
To encourage and recognise building design that promotes the use of
bicycles by occupants and visitors by ensuring adequate cyclist facilities
are provided.
Credit Criteria
Up to four points are awarded where it is demonstrated that the building
design includes provision of resident cycling facilities, as follows:
• 1 point is awarded where one accessible and secure bicycle storage
space is provided for each dwelling.
dwelling.
dwelling, plus an additional space.
An additional point is awarded if any of the above requirements are met
AND visitor bicycle parking is provided within the project that meets the
following criteria:
• 0.25 spaces per dwelling; AND
• it is provided in an accessible on-grade location, signposted and
near a major public entrance.
Stage One DA
DA Checklist.
Stage Two DA
DA Checklist.
• Plan drawings showing the number and location of bicycle racks/
rails/storage facilities;
• A copy of an extract from the specification which stipulates that
bicycle storage must comply with AS 2890.3 or as defined in
‘Additional Guidance’ and the number of spaces to be provided;


Use the DCP checklist to describe the location of the bicycle facilities and
demonstrate that the spaces have good natural surveillance (or are in a
secured area) and weather protection.
• As-built drawings showing the location and number of all bicycle
spaces provided; and
• Supplier certification confirming the number of storage racks/rails/
storage facilities provided and including manufacturer’s confirmation
that these conform with the requirements of AS2890.3 or the
alternative requirements described in Additional Guidance; and
• Sub-contractor certification confirming that the storage racks/rails/
storage facilities supplied were installed; and
• Summary sheet showing the number of spaces demonstrating
compliance with the credit.
Use the DCP checklist to describe the location of the bicycle facilities and
demonstrate that the spaces have good natural surveillance (or are in a
secured area) and weather protection.
Additional Guidance
Bicycle Security
Secure tenant bicycle storage must be provided in accordance with
section 3.1 of AS289.3 (security classes of bicycle parking facilities).
Three classes of security arrangements are possible as follows:
Class Security Level Description

1 High Fully enclosed individual lockers
2 Medium Locked compounds with communal access
using duplicate keys
3 Low Facilities to which the bicycle frame and
both wheels can be locked securely
(from Table 1.1 of the AS2890.3 – 1993 Bicycle Parking facilities)
Please note that the surveillance requirements and security arrangements

in section 3.1 of AS2890.3 must be adhered to. Additionally the following
should also be followed:
• A lockable garage qualifies as a fully enclosed space for the dwelling
it serves.
• The use of other structures such as railings, lampposts etc, do not
comply in any instance
• A locked shed qualifies as long as there are is a secure rail/rack to
which the bicycle frame and both wheels can be locked securely.
Bicycle Storage Amenity and Access
Bicycle storage amenity and access must be in accordance with AS2890.3
– 1993 Bicycle Parking facilities. As a general rule, the following must be
achieved:


• Bicycle storage should be covered and protected from the rain, and
designed to allow both wheels and the frame to be locked securely
to the structure.
• Within communal lockers there needs to be sufficient space for all
bikes to be stored, without having to move other bikes or rely on a
bike’s integral stand.
• Fully enclosed individual lockable lockers must be on-grade or in
carpark;
• Where bicycle parking for tenants is provided in a basement car park,
such parking should be located on the uppermost level, and located
close to entry/exit points.
Visitor Parking
Visitor bicycle storage must comply with AS 2890.3 to be counted towards
compliance with credit requirements. Facilities should be provided in
an accessible location near a major public entrance, signposted and
provided with good natural surveillance and weather protection.
Background
Cycling benefits the Australian environment, provides substantial health
and economic benefits to the cyclist, and helps reduce road congestion.
According to the Bureau of Transport and Regional Economics’
Greenhouse Policy Options for Transport report (2002) an estimated one-
third of day-to-day car trips are 3km or less in length - an easy cycling
distance. The average length of each bicycle trip is 2.5km.
A cold car motor pollutes more than a hot one, especially when equipped
with a catalytic converter. It can take 5km or more before pollution control
devices such as catalytic converters start to become effective. Short trips
in cars are therefore relatively more environmentally damaging, whilst
being the most attractive for walking and bicycling.
Bicycling and walking are promoted as efficient, low-cost and low-impact
modes of travel that can be particularly effective in maximising the effective
use of local roads and public transport services.
Research in Australia and abroad has consistently found that people are
more willing to cycle when the appropriate facilities are provided at the
destination. These proposed provisions have assisted in informing the
number of spaces required for this credit.

Australian Bicycle Council
1999-2004 Australia Cycling: The National Strategy:
http://www.abc.dotars.gov.au/downloads/auscycling.pdf
Bicycle Federation of Australia
http://www.bfa.asn.au/
Bureau of Transport and Regional Economics
Greenhouse Policy Options for Transport Report


http://www.btre.gov.au
Planning Guidelines for Walking and Cycling, 2004
http://www.dipnr.nsw.gov.au/notices/guide_pages.pdf


TRA-3 PUBLIC TRANSPORT

Aim of Credit
To encourage and recognise developments with proximity and good
access to public transport networks which have frequent services.
Credit Criteria
Up to five points are awarded based on the proximity of the building to
public transport. This is based on the Land Use and Transport Index
(LUTI) that the site falls within. (See Additional Guidance for information
about LUTI)
• Two points are awarded where the residential development is located
in an area of LOW LUTI.
• Three points are awarded where the residential development is
located in an area of MODERATE LUTI.
• Four points are awarded where the residential development is located
in an area of HIGH LUTI.
• Five points are awarded where the residential development is located
in an area of VERY HIGH LUTI.
Stage One DA
DA Checklist.
Stage Two DA
proposed site could feasibly achieve the nominated targets.
• A copy of the site plan in context of the surrounding area showing
which LUTI the site falls within and comparison with Map 1 on the
Local Environmental Plan (LEP) for Car Parking Provision; OR
• Confirmation from the City of Sydney that the site falls within the
specified LUTI.
for the certifying authority.


• A copy of the site plan in context of the surrounding area showing

which LUTI the site falls within and comparison with Map 1 on the
Local Environmental Plan (LEP) for Car Parking Provision; OR
• Confirmation from the City of Sydney that the site falls within the
specified LUTI.
Additional Guidance
The land use and transport integration type is defined in the Land Use
and Transport Index (LUTI) in the Local Environmental Plan (LEP) for Car
Parking Provision. Map 1 (Residential) in the LEP illustrates whether an
area has a LOW, MODERATE, HIGH or VERY HIGH LUTI.
Background
Transport is essential for connecting communities and businesses but
there is also an important link between transport use, air pollution and
health. The 2001 Australian census showed that 6.4% of all Australians
travelled to work by train, bus or a combination of both compared to travel
by car, which stands at 64%. The environmental benefits of travelling by
public transport include reducing greenhouse gas emissions and urban
air pollution.
Greenhouse Policy Options for Transport report (2002) in Australia, motor
vehicles account for around 93% of passenger kilometres, with public
transport and non–motorised transport accounting for the remainder.
In line with many other developed countries, Australia has experienced
a long-term decline in per capita public transport usage in most urban
areas. Public transport’s share of the urban commute in Australia
currently accounts for less than 10% of urban trips in Australia. (Source:
Urban Transport Fact Book 1996)
According to state of the environment report by the Department of
Environment and Conservation (NSW) private vehicle transport continues
to be the most popular form of travel in urban NSW. It also states that
over the last 10 years total vehicle kilometres travelled has increased at
more than double the rate of population growth, in 2000 Sydney residents
made 15 million trips on an average weekday.
The chart on the side illustrates that the share of travel in Sydney has
changed for different modes of transport. It indicates a slight rise in car
use, which is mainly at the expense of walking and public transport, for both
weekday and weekend travel. The increase car use has been particularly
pronounced for education, conveying passengers and shopping trips.
When a development is poorly located in relation to the proximity of
transport nodes and their frequency of service, then it is unlikely that
building occupants will use public transport to travel. Conversely,
Source : http://www.epa.nsw.gov.au/soe/
developments that are within close proximity of good transport nodes
soe2003/chapter2/chp_2.4.htm#2.4.60
with frequent service can encourage building occupants to use public
Department of Environment and
transport. Conservation (NSW) - State of the
Environment Report


The City of Sydney encourages developments with good access to public

transport. The level of accessibility to public transport is reflected in the
Land Use and Transport Index (LUTI) in the Car Parking Provision LEP.
Integrated land-use and transport planning aims to reduce dependence
on cars by improving access to public transport therefore the LUTI is ideal
to measure the accessibility of public transport.

Sustainable Transport
http://www.greenhouse.gov.au/transport/index.html
TravelSmart
http://www.travelsmart.gov.au/
Public Transport Users Association
http://www.ptua.org.au/
Ecotransit Sydney
http://www.ecotransit.org.au/
Department of Environment and Conservation
State of the Environment Report
http://www.epa.nsw.gov.au/soe/soe2003/chapter2/chp_2.4.htm#2.4.60


TRA-4 LOCAL AMENITIES

Aim of Credit
To encourage and recognise the location of residential developments
that are in walking distance to local shops and amenities to reduce the
reliance on motor vehicles.
Credit Criteria
Up to three points are awarded where the development is within a 400m
radius of a number of different amenities (see Additional Guidance).
• One point is awarded where at least 5 amenities are within 400m of
the development.
• Two points are awarded where at least 10 amenities are within 400m
of the development
• Three points are awarded where at least 15 amenities are within
400m of the development
Stage One DA
DA Checklist.
Stage Two DA
DA Checklist.
• A copy of the site plan in the context of the surrounding area. This
should have the local amenities marked on it, showing that they are
within a within a 400m radius of the site(See additional guidance);
and
• A description, name and address of the local amenities; and
• If onsite facilities are to be included in the number of amenities
provided, construction plans and drawings of the amenities must be
provided to demonstrate that those facilities are being provided.
Use the DCP checklist to nominate which local amenities are within 400m
of the site, from the list in the ‘Additional Guidance’ and how they will
comply with the requirements of the construction certificate.


• A copy of the site plan in the context of the surrounding area. This
should have the local amenities marked on it, showing that they are
within a within a 400m radius of the site (See additional guidance);
and
• A description, name and address of the local amenities.
• If onsite facilities are to be included in the number of amenities
provided, as built plans and drawings of the amenities must be
provided to demonstrate that.
Use the DCP checklist to nominate which local amenities are within 400m
of the site, from the list in the ‘Additional Guidance’ and how they will
comply with the requirements of the occupancy certificate
Additional Guidance
The following is a list of local amenities which should be within easy
walking distance of a local community:
• one grocery store
• one post office/ post box
• one bank/ cash machine
• one community centre
• one place of worship
• one sports & leisure centre
• one primary school
• one child care centre
• one medical centre
• one pharmacy
• one public open space*
• one children’s play area
• one restaurant
• one public house
* public open spaces can be within the site, but must be 25% of the site
area.
The distance of 400m should be measured by marking the midpoint of
the 400m radius circle at the centre of the site. Any amenity from the
above list that falls within the circle, can be included in the points scoring,
unless there is a major site constraint as detailed below.
Potentially a 400m radius is a 5 minute walk, but it is acknowledged that
direct linkages from the site to the amenities are not always possible due
to major constraints such as railway lines, arterial road systems, open
spaces, creeklines, foreshores and water supply. If any of the above


mentioned major constraints are between the site and any of the amenities
then an alternative measuring system should be used, as follows: if 400m
can be drawn along the streets taking into consideration and showing
suitable and safe crossing points, then the points can be awarded.
In the case of developments that will provide onsite amenities, these must
be ready for use by the time the occupancy certificate is issued.
Background
A cold car motor pollutes more than a hot one, especially when equipped
with a catalytic converter. It can take 5km or more before pollution control
devices such as catalytic converters start to become effective. By reducing
these short car journeys significant reductions in transport emissions can
be made. Short trips in cars are therefore relatively more environmentally
damaging, whilst being the most attractive for walking and bicycling.
If people feel able to walk or cycle to local amenities car use could
be dramatically reduced. Although it is not possible to reduce all car
journeys, positioning developments close to local amenities may reduce
the number of car journeys for short distances for simple goods and
amenities.
The Walking for Transport and Health report by the NSW Government,
Department of Planning, highlights the trends in Sydney over the last
decade, as follows:
“On the whole, residents of highly urbanised areas in city centres
where employment opportunities are concentrated, public transport
services are more accessible and where services are in closer
proximity tended to walk more. Outlying areas which have lower
urban densities and lack good accessibility to services walked less
and used the car more”.
It also goes on to state that “walking trips for purposes other than
commuting were largely static or declining in the last decade, most notable
of which were walking trips for education and childcare, shopping and
personal business”. This illustrates that there is a need to ensure urban
planning promotes more walking and that there is good accessibility to
local amenities.
According to the Department of Infrastructure, Planning and Natural
Resources (DIPNR) Planning Guidance for Walking and Cycling, potential
walkability is defined by a circle of radius 400m for a 5 minutes walk and
800m or 10 minutes walk around a centre that includes public transport.
It is acknowledged that actual walkability can be less efficient if obstacles
are presented, but in general a 400m radius is an acceptable walkable
distance.

Bureau of Transport and Regional Economics
Greenhouse Policy Options for Transport Report
http://www.btre.gov.au


Planning Guidelines for Walking and Cycling, 2004

http://www.dipnr.nsw.gov.au/notices/guide_pages.pdf
NSW Government, Department of Planning,
2004 Household Travel Survey
http://www.planning.nsw.gov.au/tpdc/pdfs/transfigures_sept2005.pdf
Walking for transport and health, Trends in Sydney in the last decade.
http://www.planning.nsw.gov.au/tpdc/pdfs/walkin_fo_transportand_
health.pdf
City of Sydney
City of Villages Report 2003/2004
h t t p : / / w w w. c i t y o f s y d n e y. n s w. g o v. a u / C o u n c i l / d o c u m e n t s /
AnnualReport03-04.pdf
Neighbourhood Character
http://www.communitybuilders.nsw.gov.au/building_stronger/safer/
checklist.html


WATER WAT-1 BASIX WATER
WAT-1 BASIX WATER

Aim of Credit
To encourage and recognise design initiatives which exceed the BASIX
benchmarks for operational water efficiency of the development.
Credit Criteria
Up to twelve points are awarded where it is demonstrated that the predicted
potable water consumption within the building has been reduced.
Points are available as follows:
Stage One DA
DA Checklist.
Stage Two DA
DA Checklist.
• All documentation required by BASIX for Construction Certificate
approval.
for council.
• All documentation required by BASIX for Occupancy Certificate
approval.
Additional Guidance
BASIX Certification is a compulsory requirement for all new developments
that include dwellings. It is a requirement of this credit that a BASIX
certificate is provided to demonstrate compliance.


WAT-1 BASIX WATER
It is a conditional requirement that the development achieves the minimum

predicted potable water consumption of 40% using the Building And
Sustainability Index (BASIX) scheme.
Background
BASIX is a NSW Government initiative that ensures new dwellings are
designed and built to use less potable water and energy.

BASIX
www.sustainability.nsw.gov.au


WAT-2 WATER METERS IN
INDIVIDUAL DWELLINGS
WAT-2 WATER METERS IN INDIVIDUAL DWELLINGS

Aim of Credit
To encourage and recognise the design of systems that can be used to
monitor and manage water consumption within individual dwellings.
Credit Criteria
One point is awarded where it can be demonstrated that a domestic cold
water meter is installed to each dwellings in the project.
Stage One DA
DA Checklist.
Stage Two DA
DA Checklist.
• Schematic drawings showing the inclusion of all water meters
installation of domestic cold water meters to each dwelling in the
design.
for council.
• As Built drawings for each dwelling showing the location of water
meters;
OR
• As Built schedules of installed water meters with reference to
dwellings;
OR
• Subcontractor certification that all dwellings are served by a water
meter.
for council.


WAT-2 WATER METERS IN
INDIVIDUAL DWELLINGS
Additional Guidance
Installed water meters to dwellings are to be accessible by the resident of
the dwelling for information and to provide assurance that the water bills
are accurate and correct as shown on the receipt.
Background
To help reduce water consumption, accurate information on usage is
required at the building management level. The inclusion of water meters
to each dwelling is a simple and effective way of achieving this.
Leaks and wastage on the development site and in the building itself can
result in significant water losses and costs, as well as having the potential
to cause major damage. Sydney Water estimates that approximately one
quarter of water consumption is attributable to leaks and wastage.

SaveWater
www.savewater.com.au
Sydney Water
Save Water in Business
http://www.sydneywater.com.au/html/wcr/business/index.cfm
University of Sydney Facilities Management Office
Advice on Water Management
http://www.usyd.edu.au/fmo/energy_water/html/water.html


WAT-3 WATER METERS ON
MAJOR USES
WAT-3 WATER METERS ON MAJOR USES

Aim of Credit
To encourage and recognise the design of systems that monitors and
manages common area water consumption.
Credit Criteria
One point is awarded where it can be demonstrated that water meters
are installed for all major water uses (see ‘Additional Guidance’) in the
project.
A further point is awarded if the meters are linked to a Building Management
System (BMS) to provide a leak detection system.
If the development does not include any of the major water uses listed in
the additional guidance this credit is not applicable.
Stage One DA
DA Checklist.
Stage Two DA
DA Checklist.
as part of the Construction Certificate. Complete the checklist and
nominate the major water uses in the building, then provide the following
evidence:
• Schematic drawings showing the inclusion of all water meters
installation of water meters in the design. And connection to the
BMS
part of the Occupancy Certificate. Complete the checklist and nominate the
major water uses in the building, then provide the following evidence:
• As-installed drawings or schematics clearly showing the locations of
all water meters and the associated water use (first credit)
• The as-installed point schedule for the BMS showing that all water
meters are correctly installed and extracts from the commissioning
report showing that the meters function correctly. (second credit)
for council.


WAT-3 WATER METERS ON
MAJOR USES
Additional Guidance
Major water uses are considered to include the following as a minimum
(where installed):
• Cooling towers;
• Irrigation systems;
• Swimming Pools;
• Car Wash Bay;
• Water Recycling systems;
• Rainwater collection systems; and
• Hot water services.
If rainwater is collected for irrigation and includes no mechanical
distribution system then metering is not required.
The BMS must include an alarm that is triggered if there is a sudden
increase in water consumption or a new trend in water consumption (e.g.
increased after-hours consumption) indicates the likelihood of a leak.
Background
To help reduce water consumption, accurate information on usage is
required at the building management level. The inclusion of water meters
to major water users in the building is a simple and effective way of
achieving this.
Leaks and wastage on the development site and in the building itself can
result in significant water losses and costs, as well as having the potential
to cause major damage. Sydney Water estimates that approximately one
quarter of water consumption is attributable to leaks and wastage.

SaveWater
Sydney Water
Save Water in Business
http://www.sydneywater.com.au/html/wcr/business/index.cfm
University of Sydney Facilities Management Office
Advice on Water Management
http://www.usyd.edu.au/fmo/energy_water/html/water.html


WAT-4 COOLING TOWER WATER
CONSUMPTION
WAT-4 COOLING TOWER WATER CONSUMPTION

Aim of Credit
To encourage and recognise building design that reduces the potential
demand on potable water supplies and infrastructure due to water-based
building cooling systems.
Credit Criteria
Up to two points are awarded where the building design demonstrates
that potential water consumption is reduced through efficient use of, or
avoidance of, evaporative or water cooling tower systems:
• One point is awarded where it is demonstrated that the cooling
tower water treatment is designed to achieve six or better cycles of
concentration for water based cooling systems;
• Two points are awarded where it is demonstrated that no cooling
towers or evaporative cooling is specified in the design; OR Cooling
systems that use 90% non-potable water.
Stage One DA
DA Checklist.
Stage Two DA
DA Checklist.
part of the Construction Certificate. Complete the checklist to nominate
how this credit will be achieved and provide documentation as follows:
For Cooling Towers (with greater than six cycles of concentration):
• A signed statement from the Mechanical / Building Services
Engineer
If NO cooling towers or evaporative cooling are specified in the design:
• BASIX certificate showing the type of cooling / ventilation that is
provided.
The Certifying Authority will not award points unless information correlates
with heat rejection information provided for Energy credit Ene-1.
For cooling systems that use 90% or greater non-potable water:
• Details of the non-potable system used for cooling water and
calculations confirming that 90% of water use each year will be
sourced from non-potable sources;


CONSUMPTION
• An extract from the specification demonstrating the system

components that allow the cooling systems to use 90% or greater
non-potable water; and
• Design drawings highlighting the location of the cooling systems
and connection to water systems which provide 90% or great non-
potable water.
part of the Occupancy Certificate. Complete the checklist to nominate
how this credit will be achieved and provide documentation as follows:
For Cooling Towers (with greater than six cycles of concentration
• Extracts from the commissioning report demonstrating compliance;
• A signed statement from the design Engineer confirming the system
has been commissioned correctly
No Cooling Towers
BASIX certificate showing the type of cooling / ventilation that is
provided.
Cooling Systems that use 90% Non Potable Water:
• Details of water treatment system for cooling tower if non-potable
water is being used clearly showing a capacity to provide 90% of
cooling tower water requirements referencing as-built drawings or
a guarantee that the off-site non-potable water source is capable of
providing the required amount of water for off-site sources.
• Extracts from the commissioning report demonstrating the successful
operation of the system.
Additional Guidance
The Certifying authority will not award points unless this information
correlates with information provided for Water Credit WAT-1.
For the purposes of this credit, non-potable water is defined as follows:
Non-potable water is water which is collected on-site or recycled/
recovered from a previous use such as blackwater or greywater recovery.
Non-potable water in the scheme will not include water extracted from
other high values without previous use (e.g. rivers, lakes or groundwater
sources).
Types of mechanical cooling systems that may achieve this credit
includes:
• Split system air-conditioning
• Air condenser systems
• Ground sourced heat rejection
Background
There currently does not exist much research on the water consumption
of Cooling Towers in the residential sector, however, the NSW water utility


CONSUMPTION
Sydney Water, estimates that cooling towers used for air conditioning
typically consume 30% of a commercial building’s total water use.
Process cooling towers can consume an even greater proportion. The
use of non-chemical dosing (such as ionisation, UV treatment etc) or
the elimination of water cooled systems can significantly reduce potable
water consumption.

Standards Australia
AS/NZS 3666 Air-handling and Water Systems of Buildings – Microbial
Control
North Carolina Division of Pollution Prevention and Environmental
Assistance (U.S.)
Water Management Options: Cooling and Heating
http://www.p2pays.org/ref/04/03101.pdf
Sydney Water
Cooling Tower: Save Water, Money and the Environment (2001)
http://www.sydneywater.com.au/html/yourhome/publications/
CoolingTowers.pdf


MATERIALS MAT-1 RECYCLING WASTE STORAGE
MAT-1 RECYCLING WASTE STORAGE

Aim of Credit
To encourage and recognise the inclusion of storage space and facilitates
for recycling to reduce waste going to landfill.
Credit Criteria
Up to three points are awarded as follows:
• Two points are awarded where a dedicated storage area is provided
for the separation, collection and recycling of household rubbish;
with good access for all building occupants and for collection by
recycling companies. This must be in accordance with the City of
Sydney’s Policy for Waste Minimisation in new developments (See
• An addition point is awarded where both recycling and general
garbage chutes are provided.
Stage One DA
DA Checklist.
Stage Two DA
applicant should provide:
• A copy of the Waste Management Plan (WMP) for ‘Use of Premises
Phase’ (see additional guidance); and
• A copy of the site, floor and elevation plans submitted with the WMP;
and
To demonstrate the recycling chutes, the following is required:
proposed site and floor plate layout of the design could feasibly
include both recycling and general garbage chutes.
The following documentation is required to demonstrate compliance with
the WMP as part of the Construction Certificate:
• A Waste Policy Design Compliance Certificate 1 is required. (see
additional guidance)
• A copy of the construction drawings showing the location of both
recycling and garbage chutes.
Use the credit checklist to demonstrate how compliance is achieved.


The following documentation is required to demonstrate compliance with
the WMP as part of the Occupancy Certificate:
• A Waste Policy Management and Facilities Compliance Certificate
2. This certifies the constructed waste management facilities. (see
additional guidance)
• A copy of the as-built drawings showing the location of both recycling
and garbage chutes.
Use the credit checklist to demonstrate how compliance is achieved.
Additional Guidance
The Development must comply with the following City of Sydney’s Policy
for Waste Minimisation in new Developments, Section B, (Items B7 to
B22)
The Waste Management Plan (WMP) in the City of Sydney’s Policy for
Waste Minimisation in new Developments (Appendix A) must be submitted
with a development application. Information on how to complete the
WMP can be found in Section A. The WMP relates to both recycled and
general waste, particular attention must be paid to the recycling when
completing the form.
For the Construction and Occupancy certificates the following compliance
documents must be used and can be found in the City of Sydney Policy
for Waste Minimisation in New Developments (appendix H):
• Waste Policy Design Compliance Certificate 1; and
• Waste Policy Management and Facilities Compliance Certificate 2
The certificates must be certified by an appropriately qualified and
competent person in the design of waste management plans and
appropriate building design and comply with:
• The City of Sydney’s Policy for Waste Minimisation in new
developments Section B, (Items B7 to B22); and
• The relevant DA consent conditions; and
• The Waste Avoidance and Resource Recovery Act 2001
For the additional credit to be awarded for recycling chute(s), the City of
Sydney’s Policy for Waste Minimisation in new Developments, Section B
must be adhered to. Please note that recycling and rubbish chutes are
both required, because if only recycling chutes are provided people will
throw their everyday rubbish in the recycling chute and contaminate the
recycling.
Background
The Australia State of The Environment Report 2001 found that “Australia’s
level of per capita material flow is very high by world standards and
continues to grow rapidly. Australia generates material flows of almost
180 tonnes per person per year and there has been little progress on
decoupling economic growth and material consumption.”


Dwellings generate waste including paper, plastics, cardboard, glass

bottles and aluminium cans. These materials are commonly recycled, with
many private companies and some local authorities providing collection.
To make recycling schemes more economic, it is beneficial for waste to be
collected quickly and efficiently. A convenient, purpose-designed storage
space ensures that sufficient waste is accumulated before it is collected,
and helps occupants to store material. Green waste is also generated in
dwellings and can be composted onsite.
VISY Recycling states that every tonne of paper recycled saves almost
13 trees. It also saves 2.5 barrels of oil, 4100 kWh of electricity, four cubic
metres of landfill and 31,780 litres of water.
Each steel or aluminium can and glass bottle that is recycled keeps
valuable non-renewable resources such as bauxite, iron-ore and sand
in the ground. Every recycled item saves energy that would normally be
used in mining, manufacturing and transporting. Recycling also reduces
greenhouse gas emissions.

Department of Conservation and Environment (NSW)
Better Practice Guide for Waste Management in Multi-Unit Dwellings
(2002)
http://www.resource.nsw.gov.au/data/MultiUnit%20Dwellings.pdf
Waste Avoidance and Resource Recovery Strategy 2003
h t t p : / / w w w. r e s o u r c e . n s w. g o v. a u / d a t a / s t r a t e g y /
Strategy%202003%20web.pdf
State of the Environment Reports:
http://www.epa.nsw.gov.au/soe/soe2000/bh/bh_6.htm
http://www.epa.nsw.gov.au/soe/soe2003/chapter2/chp_2.5.htm#fig2.14
City of Sydney
Policy for Waste Minimisation in new developments
http://www.cityofsydney.nsw.gov.au/Development/Documents/
PlansAndPolicies/Policies/DraftWasteMinimisationPolicy.pdf
Recycling Near you - Planet Ark
http://www.recyclingnearyou.com.au/
Visy Recycling
http://www.visy.com.au
Waste Management Association of Australia
http://www.wmaa.asn.au/
Australian Council of Recyclers
http://www.acor.org.au
Waste Avoidance and Resource Recovery Act 2001 No 58
h t t p : / / w w w. l e g i s l a t i o n . n s w. g o v. a u / v i e w t o p / i n f o r c e /
act+58+2001+first+0+N
Australia State of the Environment Report 2001 (Theme Report)
http://www.deh.gov.au/soe/2001/settlements/settlements05-3a.html#mu
nicipalanddomestic


MAT-2 RE-USE OF FACADE

Aim of Credit
To encourage and recognise the re-use of existing façades to reduce new
material consumption.
Credit Criteria
Two points are awarded where it is demonstrated that at least 50% of the
total façade of the building by area comprises re-used building façades.
If the total floor area of existing buildings demolished on-site is less than
30% of the conditioned area of the new building then the credit is ‘Not
Stage One DA
DA Checklist.
Stage Two DA
DA Checklist.
• A signed statement from the Architect that re-using the façade is
possible.
The completed DCP checklist to nominate areas of the façade and the
conditioned area that is reused; and
Plans and elevation drawings to support the values entered into the DCP
checklist.
• The completed DCP checklist to nominate areas of the façade and
the conditioned area that is reused; and
• ‘As built’ plans and elevation drawings to support the values entered
into the DCP checklist.
Additional Guidance
A facade can only be deemed to be re-used where less than 20% of the
total mass of the materials in the re-used portion of the façade is new.
Refurbishment projects are likely to achieve this credit without
difficulty unless the building is totally re-clad. New build schemes with
retained facades provide another means of achieving the credit. Note
that refurbished facades sometimes require extensive renovation/
reinforcement.


Background
Re-use of buildings and parts of buildings can very significantly reduce
the demand for new construction materials and thus the environmental
burden resulting from the development. The re-use of building façades is
commonly required for other reasons, such as heritage considerations,
but also leads to a direct environmental benefit.

Construction and Demolition Waste
http://www.resource.nsw.gov.au/index-RNSW.htm
EcoRecycle Victoria
http://www.ecorecycle.vic.gov.au
Smart Growth Online (U.S.)
Green Building Case Studies
http://www.smartgrowth.org/casestudies/casestudy_index.html


MAT-3 RE-USE OF STRUCTURE

Aim of Credit
To encourage and recognise the re-use of existing structures to reduce
new material consumption.
Credit Criteria
Up to four points are awarded where it is demonstrated that a design allows
for the re-use of a significant proportion of an existing major structure (by
gross building volume). The re-used structure must comprise of at least
50% of the total final structure by building volume. Points are awarded
as follows:
• 2 points are awarded where there is 30% re-use of existing
structure;
• 3 points are awarded where there is 60% re-use of existing
structure;
• 4 points are awarded where 90% re-use of existing structure.
If the total floor area of existing buildings demolished on-site is less than
30% of the conditioned area of the new building then the credit is ‘Not
Stage One DA
DA Checklist.
Stage Two DA
DA Checklist.
• A signed statement from the architect confirming that this credit is
possible is also required.
• The completed DCP checklist to nominate those spaces that are re-
used within the structure
• Structural plan and elevation drawings of the reused and new
structure to support the data into the DCP checklist
• A signed statement from the structural engineer that, for structural
components marked as re-used, at least 50% of the structural volume
re-used will be from the existing building.


• The completed DCP checklist to nominate those spaces that are re-
used within the structure
• ‘As-built’ structural plans and elevation drawings of the re-used and
new structure to support the data into the DCP checklist
• A signed statement from the structural engineer that, for structural
components marked as re-used, at least 50% of the structural volume
re-used will be from the existing building.
Additional Guidance
Major structure is defined as floors, columns and beams, load bearing
walls and, where these are required for structural use by the new building,
foundations.
The allocation of this credit is based on gross building volume and not
material volume, as these would be difficult to calculate. Therefore it
requires that the existing major structure is re-used without significant
strengthening or alteration works (where mass of new material is equal to
or greater than 50% of the total mass for the re-used structure).
NB It is not necessary for the re-used structure to correspond to a similar
proportion of the new building for this credit to be awarded. However,
the re-used structure is to comprise at least 50% of the final building by
volume and the design team is asked to confirm that this is the case.
Refurbishment projects should readily achieve this credit.
Background
Re-use of buildings and parts of buildings can very significantly reduce
the demand for new construction materials and thus the environmental
burden resulting from the development. The re-use of building façades
is commonly required for other reasons, such as heritage considerations,
but also leads to a direct environmental benefit.

EcoRecycle Victoria
Smart Growth Online (U.S.)
Green Building Case Studies http://www.smartgrowth.org/casestudies/
casestudy_index.html


MAT-4 RECYCLED CONTENT OF
CONCRETE
MAT-4 RECYCLED CONTENT OF CONCRETE

Aim of Credit
To encourage and recognise the reduction of embodied energy and
resource depletion due to the use of concrete.
Credit Criteria
Up to three points are awarded where it is demonstrated that the concrete
to be used in the building construction or refurbishment has a significant
recycled content.
• 1 point is awarded where 20% of all aggregate used is recycled
aggregate.
Up to two points can also be awarded as follows:
• 1 additional point is awarded where 20% of cement used for in-situ
concrete and 15% of cement used for pre-cast concrete is replaced
with industrial waste product;
• 2 additional points are awarded where 40% of cement used for
in-situ concrete and 30% of cement used for pre-cast concrete is
replaced with industrial waste product.
If the material cost of new concrete represents less than 1% of the project’s
contract value, the credit is ‘Not Applicable’ and is excluded from the
Stage One DA
DA Checklist.
Stage Two DA
DA Checklist.
Complete the DCP checklist, then provide evidence as required below:
• A copy of an extract from issued contract that includes the project’s
total value;
• A copy of a statement from a quantity surveyor detailing the total new
concrete material cost as a proportion of the project’s total value.


CONCRETE
Recycled Aggregate
• A copy of the section of the specification which nominates the
proportion of recycled aggregate to be used and which requires that
the aggregate be classified as Class 1 RCA (in accordance with HB
155-2002).
Supplementary Cementitious Materials:
• A copy of the section of the structural concrete specification
which nominates the proportion of industrial waste product to be used in
place of cement;
Aggregate Replacement
• Complete the DCP checklist to demonstrate compliance and shows
how much aggregate is recycled
The following documentation will need to be available for audit on
request:
• Supplier’s certification showing the total quantity of recycled and non
recycled aggregate provided, along with Certification clearly showing
that the aggregate claimed to be recycled is classified as Class 1
RCA in accordance with HB155-2002.
• Sub-contractor certification demonstrating that the recycled
aggregate supplied was used in the concrete mix to the proportions
claimed by the applicant.
Supplementary Cementitious Materials:
• Complete the DCP checklist to demonstrate compliance and shows
the total cement used and the total amount of cement substituted.
The following documentation will need to be available for audit on
request:
• Supplier’s certification showing the total quantity of cement substitute
and actual cement provided to this site and certification that the
cement substitute is an industrial waste product from the supplier;
• Sub-contractor certification demonstrating that the cement substitute
supplied was used in the concrete mix to the proportions claimed by
the applicant.
Additional Guidance
The use of cement replacement materials shall be on a mass/mass
basis and in accordance with the relevant Australian Standards and the
Concrete Institute of Australia.
Aggregate Replacement
HB 155-2002 Guide to the Use of Recycled Concrete and Masonry
Materials presents an overview of material and processing requirements
of recycled concrete and provides general guidelines for the specification
and use of Class 1 and Class 2 recycled concrete aggregate products.


CONCRETE
Class 1 products can be used in structural concrete, Class 2 as fill or

granular sub-base.
The Guide recommends a maximum of 30% of coarse recycled aggregate
(RCA) substitution for natural aggregates in concrete production as there
are no significant changes in the properties of the concrete. In footpaths
and bikeways 100% substitution has been achieved. It is recognised that
minimal experience currently exists on the effect of RCA on concrete
durability.
Cement Replacement
The quality and properties of concrete can actually be improved by
replacing a portion of the Portland cement with industrial by-products such
as fly ash, blast furnace slag and silica fume. Fly ash is commonly used to
replace between 20-25% of Portland cement in ready-mixed concrete in
Australia, although higher ratios are possible and have been achieved on
many projects overseas. In many structural engineering specifications in
Australia the use of fly ash is still excluded and this credit aims to reduce
this practice (1 point) while encouraging development of higher ratios
of cement replacement materials for use in structural applications (2
points).
Note that any pre-existing concrete that is retained in a refurbished project
cannot be included in the calculation of this credit. Concrete retained in
this way is addressed in Mat-2 and Mat-3.
Background
Concrete is a significant element in most residential buildings for floors,
columns, cores, footings and sometimes façades. Reinforced concrete
can readily utilise both post-consumer and post-industrial waste reducing
waste, natural resources consumption and greenhouse gas emissions.
Cement Replacement (Post-Industrial)
The production of cement is responsible for approximately 90% of
the greenhouse gas emissions associated with concrete production.
Replacing a portion of the Portland cement with industrial by-products
such as fly ash, blast furnace slag and silica fume reduces the mining
of natural resources and greenhouse emissions associated with cement
production while disposing of a waste material previously destined for
landfill. Fly ash is commonly used to replace between 20-25% of Portland
cement in concrete in Australia because it improves the performance of
the concrete and it is cheaper than Portland cement.
Recycled Concrete Aggregate
Concrete waste can be processed to produce road-base/fill material,
recycled concrete aggregate and recycled concrete fines. Extensive
research has and is being undertaken to increase the use of recycled
concrete worldwide. In the U.K. Wessex Water used recycled concrete
(from old railway sleepers) to replace approximately 40% of natural
aggregates in the structural concrete of its new headquarters.
The primary use of recycled concrete aggregate in Australia is for use as
road-base material which not only reduces the need for natural fill. Further
research and concrete mix design optimisation will lead to wider adoption
of RCA in structural concrete mixes.


CONCRETE

Standards Australia
HB 155-2002 Guide to the Use of Recycled Concrete and Masonry
Materials
AS 3582.1-1998 Supplementary Cementitious Materials for Use with
Portland and Blended Cement - Fly Ash
AS 3582.2-2001 Supplementary Cementitious Materials for Use with
Portland and Blended Cement - Slag - Ground Granulated Iron Blast-
furnace
Concrete Institute of Australia
CPN25-1990 Fly Ash and its Use in Concrete
CPN27-1992 Condensed Silica Fume and its Use in Concrete
http://www.coninst.com.au
Ash Development Association of Australia
http://www.adaa.asn.au
Australasian Slag Association
http://www.asa-inc.org.au
Cement and Concreting Association of Australia
http://www.concrete.net.au
Rawlinson’s Australian Construction Handbook, Rawlhouse
Publishing, 1983-.
AggRegain
Sustainable Aggregate Information Service from Waste and Resources
Action Programme (WRAP)
http://www.aggregain.org.uk


MAT-5 RECYCLED CONTENT
OF STEEL
MAT-5 RECYCLED CONTENT OF STEEL

Aim of Credit
To encourage and recognise the reduction in embodied energy and
resource depletion due to use of recycled steel.
Credit Criteria
Up to two points are awarded where it can be demonstrated that the
percentage of all steel in the design has a post-consumer recycled
content greater than 50%, as follows:
• 1 point is awarded where post-consumer recycled content of steel is
60% by mass;
• 2 points are awarded where post-consumer recycled content of steel
is 90% by mass.
If the material cost of steel represents less than 1% of the project’s total
Stage One DA
DA Checklist.
Stage Two DA
DA Checklist.
as part of the Construction Certificate. Complete the credit checklist to
nominate steel uses and confirm applicability by providing the following:
total value;
• A copy of a statement from a quantity surveyor estimating the total
steel material cost.
• A copy of the design schedule of steel uses in the project, which
must include quantities of each steel use and whether or not that
steel use is to have a post-consumer recycled content of >50% or
not. Note that the design schedule must be an official document
appended to the specification.


OF STEEL
as part of the Occupancy Certificate. Complete the credit checklist to
nominate steel uses and confirm applicability by providing the following:
total value;
steel material cost.
• Supplier certification confirming the quantity of recycled-content and
non recycled structural steel which has been provided to site and
certification of the recycled content in each steel product supplied
which is claimed to have a recycled content
• Sub-contractor certification confirming the total quantity of steel
installed in the project and the quantity of each type of steel used.
Supplier and sub-contractor certification documentation must be
available for audit on request, but does not need to be submitted with
the checklist.
Additional Guidance
Steel shall be deemed to include hot rolled beams, columns, angles,
mullions and reinforcement and cold formed products such as purlins,
girts, cladding and profiled steel decking (e.g. Bondek, Condek, etc).
Structural steel made from the arc-furnace process has a much higher
recycled content than from basic oxygen blast furnace process (see
‘Background’).
Currently no Australian mills produce structural steel with a post-consumer
recycled content greater than 70%. Structural steel made from the arc-
furnace process is readily available from offshore steel mills.
Re-used steel also qualifies for this credit.
Note that any pre-existing steel that is retained in a refurbished project
cannot be included in the calculation of this credit. Steel retained in this
way is addressed in Material credits Mat-2 and Mat-3.
Background
Type of scrap metal used in Australia
Home scrap (also known as circulating scrap) is the residue left from
the steelmaking, rolling and finishing operations and includes croppings,
offcuts and material rejected by quality inspection procedures. The home
scrap usually accounts for about 10% of total crude steel production in
an integrated steelworks. This is not post-consumer waste and does not
count towards the credit.
Purchased scrap returns to the industry from various sources, partly as
manufacturers’ off-cuts and defectives, and partly as obsolete and worn-
out goods discarded at the end of their useful lives. Ship-breakers, for
example, recover large tonnages. Increasing tonnages of steel cans are
now recycled as steel scrap. In Australia, up to 75% of scrap is recycled
annually.


OF STEEL
There is a considerable international trade in scrap and prices are sensitive

to the variable supply and demand conditions. Australia is now only a
small exporter of steel scrap; most is recycled in Australian steel plants.
Steel is typically produced using one of two processes: blast furnace or
electric arc furnace. In Australia structural steel is typically sourced from
Whyalla, a blast furnace which has much lower recycled content than
electric arc furnaces. In the US structural steel is typically sourced from
electric arc furnaces.
Blast Furnace Process Steel
The Basic Oxygen Steelmaking (BOS) process can consume up to 20%
scrap in its metallic charge. As well as supplying ferrous feed units the
scrap is used to control the temperature generated by the chemical
reactions.
In the US the Steel Recycling Institute reports that the percentage of
recycled steel in the blast furnace process is typically 25-35%, of which
post-consumer recycled content is approximately 20%.
Electric Arc Furnace Steel
The Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) process is often based entirely on scrap
because the furnace is suited for heating, rather than extensive chemical
reaction.
In the US the Steel Recycling Institute reports that the percentage of
recycled steel in electric arc furnace process is typically 95%, of which
post-consumer recycled content is approximately 60%.

BlueScope Steel
The Making of Iron and Steel
http://www.bluescopesteel.com/corp/
OneSteel
Information on OneSteel – Part 4 (2000)
http://www.onesteel.com
Rawlinson’s Australian Construction Handbook, Rawlhouse
Publishing, 1983-.
Steel Recycling Institute (US)
http://www.recycle-steel.org


MAT-6 PVC MINIMISATION

Aim of Credit
To encourage and recognise the reduction of Poly Vinyl Chloride (PVC)
products.
Credit Criteria
Up to two points are awarded where it is demonstrated that the total PVC
use for construction materials is reduced by replacing with alternative
materials:
• 1 point is awarded where no PVC is used in 5 construction materials
commonly used in residential dwellings. (refer to Additional
Guidance)
• 2 points are awarded where no PVC used in 8 construction materials
commonly used in residential dwellings. (refer to Additional
Guidance)
Stage One DA
DA Checklist.
Stage Two DA
DA Checklist.
part of the Construction Certificate. Complete the DCP credit checklist
nominating those items which are PVC-free and provide the following:
• A copy of each section in the specification where the materials for
each typical use of PVC (see ‘Additional Guidance’) are described;
part of the Construction Certificate. Complete the DCP credit checklist
nominating those items which are PVC-free and provide the following:
• Supplier certification or Product Specification from the manufacturer
for each PVC substitute to confirm that the product does not contain
PVC; and
• Proof of installation of the PVC substitute. This could be in the form
of construction quality checklists or a written confirmation from the
installation sub-contractor.


Note that supplier and sub-contractor certification only need to be

submitted in the event of an audit. This documentation is not required to
be submitted with the OC submission.
Additional Guidance
Choose from the following list of materials of commonly used construction
materials in residential dwellings, which are PVC-free to comply with the
requirements of the credit:
• Floor coverings (carpet backing, vinyl)
• Above ground stormwater pipes
• Below ground stormwater pipes
• Above ground sewerage
• Below ground sewerage
• Electrical cables
• Telephone cable
• Data cable
• Internal blinds
• External shading elements
• Window frames
• Cladding
• Cable conduit and switches
For each of the material types, the PVC substitute must be consistent with
the specification.
For refurbished buildings, existing PVC materials that are not being
replaced shall be excluded from the requirements.
Pipes
One of the largest uses of unplasticised PVC (known as u-PVC) is in rigid
pipes for above-ground and underground drainage and gas pipes. There
are a range of traditional and new material alternative to PVC in above/
below ground and indoor/outdoor piping.
For underground sewage pipes vitrified clay pipes are suitable and are
very durable. High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) pipes are more flexible
and shock-resistant than PVC pipe.
For above-ground drainage - i.e. soil and vent pipes and rainwater
drainage - materials such as zinc, cast iron, copper, galvanised steel or
aluminium can be used as an alternative.
Electrical Cables
The main alternative power and data cables use polyethylene as an
insulation and sheathing material. Rubber sheathed cables are also
available. PVC-free cables typically cost more at present but have
already started to drop in price as consumer and municipalities demand
alternative materials to PVC.


Alternative cable types can have better properties than PVC in the event
of a fire. They generate less smoke, do not release hydrochloric acid or
dioxins and have fire-resistant qualities which match or outstrip PVC.
The benchmarked quantity of PVC assumes separate telephone, data
and electrical cables. Another acceptable means of reducing the use of
PVC in cabling is to combine data and telephone in the same cable (an
example would be VOIP (Voice-Over-Internet Protocol)) or to use wireless
data and telephone systems instead of cabled systems.
Electrical Conduits
Polyethylene and steel are alternatives to PVC conduits for electricity
cables.
Floor Coverings
PVC is still used for wet-area floor coverings and for carpet backing. There
are alternative materials. Alternative wet-area floor coverings include
linoleum, rubber, and composite floor coverings which do not include
PVC.
Blinds
Blinds can be manufactured from a wide variety of weaves and materials,
some of which are made from PVC or have PVC coating. There are a
large number of alternatives to PVC blinds including fabric and glass fibre
weaves.
Window Framing
PVC window frames are more common in Europe and the US than in
Australia, and are usually used as an alternative to timber due to their
comparable insulating properties and relatively low cost.
Alternatives to PVC for window frames include timber, aluminium, steel,
fibreglass and fibrex.
Cladding
The external cladding of large volume spaces can often be made from
vinyl (PVC) boards. PVC is also sometimes used as a protective coating
for metal cladding systems.
Alternatives to PVC cladding include:
• Metal cladding systems;
• Timber cladding;
• Concrete or masonry systems;
• Plywood or composite wood board products; and
• Fibre-cement sheeting.
PVC is sometimes used for internal cladding as well, and again many of
the above alternatives apply.
Finishes and fittings
Other finishes and fittings which may include PVC include various types
of wallpaper, electrical and light fittings, covers, doors, etc. In almost all
instances, PVC alternatives are available at a comparable cost.


Background
Buildings account for approximately 60% of PVC usage in Australia. PVC
is used in almost all electrical and data cable and ducting and for clean,
grey and foul water supply drainage. As Australia has limited provision for
safe recycling of PVC, City of Sydney rewards initiatives which minimise
or eliminate the use of PVC in building projects.
Reduction of PVC in buildings was a major environmental initiative of the
Sydney 2000 Olympics (the ‘Green Games’).

Hazardous Substances and Dangerous Goods
http://www.nohsc.gov.au/OHSLegalObligations/HazSubstance-
sAndDngGoods/
International Occupational Safety and Health Information Centre
International Chemical Safety Cards
http://www.ilo.org/public/english/protection/safework/cis/products/icsc/
Greenpeace
PVC Alternative Database
http://archive.greenpeace.org/~toxics/pvcdatabase/
Inform (U.S.)
Purchasing for Pollution Prevention
http://www.informinc.org/p3_00.php
Environmental Defence (U.S.)
Chemical Scorecard
http://www.scorecard.org/chemical-profiles/


MAT-7 SUSTAINABLE TIMBER

Aim of Credit
To encourage and recognise the specification of re-used timber products
or timber that has certified environmentally responsible forest management
practices.
Credit Criteria
Two points are awarded where it is demonstrated that all timber and
composite timber products used in the building and construction works
are required to be sourced from either or a combination of the following:
• Post-consumer re-used timber; or
• Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) certified timber.
If the material cost of timber represents less than 0.1% to the project’s
total contract value then this credit is ‘Not Applicable’ and is excluded
from the points available to calculate the Materials Category Score.
Stage One DA
DA Checklist.
Stage Two DA
DA Checklist.
The following documentation is required to demonstrate compliance.
Complete the credit checklist nominating timber applications and
confirming applicability of the credit by providing:
total value;
timber cost (including existing timber if part of refurbishment) is less
than 0.1% of the project’s total value.
• A copy of the documented schedule of typical timber uses in the
project and the proposed material for those uses; and
• For each timber use, a copy of each section of the specification
nominating timber requirements and stipulating the timber source
for each requirement.
• Signed statement from the architect confirming all timber uses in the
project have been accounted for


total value;
timber cost (including existing timber if part of refurbishment) is less
than 0.1% of the project’s total value.
• A completed copy of the checklist nominating timber applications
and confirming applicability of the credit
• Supplier certification confirming the quantity and cost of timber
supplied for this project and including supplier or manufacturer
certification that the timber meets the requirements of this green star
credit (where claimed).
• Sub-contractor certification confirming the quantities and types of
timber used for various building elements for this project
Note that supplier and subcontractor certification must be available for
review by the Council in the event of an audit, but one not required to be
submitted with the Occupancy Certificate documentation.
Additional Guidance
Typical timber uses for which evidence must be provided to demonstrate
the timber used meets the requirements or that an alternative material has
been used includes:
• Structural timber including wall, floor and roof structures;
• External and internal cladding;
• Flooring/wall/ceiling finishes;
• Internal and external joinery including windows, doors and other
specialist uses of timber such as built-in furnishings, balustrades etc;
and
• Structural formwork.
Note that any pre-existing timber that is retained in a refurbished project
can be included in the calculation of this credit.
All timber and timber composite products must comply with the
requirements for these points to be awarded. No distinction is made
between temperate or tropical timbers or between hardwoods and
softwoods.
Timber products that are manufactured from post-consumer waste can
be deemed to satisfy the re-used criteria. Pre-consumer timber waste will
not be accepted for this credit.


Background
Over the last 200 years Australia has lost over half of its forests and
woodlands; Australia is one of the top five deforestation offenders in the
world. Using timber from certified sustainable sources can help maintain
viable and healthy forest lands throughout Australia.
The FSC certification scheme is an international labelling scheme for
forest products, which provides a credible guarantee that the product
comes from a well-managed forest that has been independently certified
for its timber resource sustainability, forest ecosystem maintenance, and
financial and socioeconomic viability. At the time of writing the only native
Australian timber with FSC certification can be classified as certified
plantation timber.
Australian Forestry Standard (AFS) was developed between 1999 and
2002 and is Australia’s first forest management standard. The Australian
Forestry Standard applies community values and the science of forest
management to identify the economic, social, environmental and
indigenous criteria that are most important for assessing whether a forest
is well managed. The independent organisation Standards Australia has
formally accredited the approach used by the Australian Forestry Standard
project as satisfying their requirements for standard development and
stakeholder consultation.

Forest Stewardship Council
Information on Asia Pacific Certified Forest Sites
http://www.certified-forests.org/asp.htm
http://www.fscoax.org/
ecospecifier
Australian product selection database which lists suppliers of certified
and recycled timber
Australian Forestry Standard
http://www.forestrystandard.org.au
SmartWood
http://www.brandsystems.net/smartwood/
http://www.smartwood.org
One Stop Timbershop
http://www.wilderness.org.au/campaigns/forests/consumer/ons_stop_
timber_shop/


MAT-8 RE-USE OF BRICKS

Aim of Credit
To encourage and recognise the re-use of bricks to reduce new material
consumption.
Credit Criteria
Up to two points are awarded for bricks used in the development that are
from pre-used sources. Points are awarded as follows:
• 1 point is are awarded where 30% of the bricks are pre-used bricks
• 2 points are awarded where 60% of the bricks are pre-used bricks
If the material cost of bricks represents less than 1% to the project’s total
Stage One DA
DA Checklist.
Stage Two DA
DA Checklist.
total value;
cost of brickwork (including existing brickwork if part of refurbishment)
is less than 1% of the project’s total value
• A copy of the section of the specification where the brickwork
requirements are identified; and
• A copy of the design schedule of brick uses in the project, which must
include areas of brickwork use and whether or not that brickwork
uses recycled bricks. Note that the design schedule must be an
official document appended to the specification.
• Signed statement from the architect confirming all brick use in the
project have been accounted for
The Council will not award points unless it is clearly documented in the
design that recycled bricks are to be used according to the points claimed


for the credit. The Council will not award points for submissions which
provide schedules of brickwork that are not design-issued documents.
total value;
cost of brickwork (including existing brickwork if part of refurbishment)
is less than 1% of the project’s total value
• Supplier certification confirming the quantity of recycled bricks and
new bricks has been provided to site
• Sub-contractor certification confirming the total quantity of bricks
installed in the project and the quantity of recycled bricks used, and
the quantity of new bricks used.
Delivery receipts to go with the supplier certification to confirm that the
bricks delivered to site were reused must be made available to the City of
Sydney on request in the event of an audit.
Additional Guidance
Bricks refer to ceramic based building blocks which have been kiln fired.
Any blockwork made out of concrete is not applicable to this credit
and should be accounted for in the credit MAT-4 Recycled Content of
Concrete.
The allocation of this credit is based on brickwork areas, and not volume
or weight. This is to enable the ease of calculation for this credit because
bricklayers typically work with area calculations when carrying out
brickwork, not volumes or weight. Areas are directly rated to the number
of bricks. And vice versa, number of bricks can be directly related to an
area.
Background
Reuse of building parts such as bricks can significantly reduce landfill
waste and also provide other environmental benefits such as reducing
the environmental impacts of brick production.
The energy associated with all the activities associated with the production
process of a brick is considered relatively high when compared to other
comparable building materials such a concrete blocks.
According to research carried out by the Victoria University of Wellington
in New Zealand, ceramic based bricks use approximately 2.5 times the
energy needed to produce a concrete based brick.
From the Ecospecifier website: “According to Australian research if we
look at one indicator of environmental impact, energy consumption, it
takes as much energy to make a standard brick veneer house at it does
to run one for 15 years (Commonwealth of Australia 2002)”.



Ecospecifier
The Australian Greenhouse Office
Your Home Technical Manual
http://www.greenhouse.gov.au/yourhome/technical/fs34a.htm
EcoRecycle Victoria


LAND USE AND ECOLOGY ECO-1 RE-USE OF LAND
ECO-1 RE-USE OF LAND

Aim of Credit
To encourage and recognise the re-use of land that has previously been
developed.
Credit Criteria
One point is awarded where it is demonstrated that the site has been
previously built on. For the point to be awarded, over 75% of the site must
comply with the criteria.
Stage One DA
DA Checklist.
The following documentation is required demonstrate compliance of a
Stage One DA:
• A council zoning map indicating the project site is located on
previously developed land.
Stage Two DA
DA Checklist.
To demonstrate compliance of the Stage Two DA this is the same as the
information previously submitted for the Stage One DA.
as part of the Construction Certificate. Complete the DCP checklist and
nominate how compliance will be demonstrated for Council, by providing
one of the following:
• The original plan drawings of the existing / previous development on
the site; or
• An aerial photograph showing the existing / previous built environment
of the nominated site; or
• Previous Council zoning for land
To demonstrate compliance of the Occupancy Certificate this is the same
as the information previously submitted for the Construction Certificate.
Additional Guidance
Almost all of the sites in the City of Sydney development area will qualify for
this credit and are being rewarded by recognising this re-use of land.
Previously developed land is defined as that which is or was occupied
by a permanent structure (excluding agricultural or forestry buildings),


ECO-1 RE-USE OF LAND
and associated fixed surface infrastructure (i.e. urban land uses such as
transport, utilities, residential, industry and commerce and community
services).
The definition covers the curtilage of the development. The curtilage is
defined as the area of land attached to a building. All of the land within the
curtilage of the site will also need to be defined as previously developed.
Previously developed land may occur in both built-up and rural settings.
The definition includes buildings and land used for mineral extraction
and waste disposal where provision for restoration has not been made
through development control procedures.
The definition excludes land and buildings that are currently in use for
agricultural or forestry purposes, and land in built-up areas which has
not been developed previously (e.g. parks, recreation grounds, and
allotments - even though these areas may contain certain urban features
such as paths, pavilions and other buildings). Also excluded is land that
was previously developed but where the remains of any structure or activity
have blended into the landscape in the process of time (to the extent
that it can reasonably be considered as part of the natural surroundings).
Land is excluded where there is a clear reason that could outweigh the
re-use of the site - such as its contribution to nature conservation - or it
has subsequently been put to an amenity use and cannot be regarded as
requiring redevelopment.
Background
Redevelopment of previously built upon or reclaimed sites will not only
reduce the burden on previously undeveloped sites and greenfield
space but can also provide much-needed investment and regeneration
into previously defunct industrial and landfill sites. This, in turn, can help
create socially and environmentally sustainable communities.

Urban Development Institute of Australia
http://www.udia.com.au/
Planning Institute of Australia
http://www.planning.org.au/


ECO-2 RECLAIMED
CONTAMINATED LAND
ECO-2 RECLAIMED CONTAMINATED LAND

Aim of Credit
To encourage and recognise positive actions to use contaminated land
that otherwise would not have been developed.
Credit Criteria
Two points are awarded where it is demonstrated that land prior to
development is defined as contaminated and where adequate remedial
steps have been taken by the developer to decontaminate or safely
encapsulate the site prior to construction
This credit is ‘Not Applicable’ for refurbished buildings and is excluded
from the points available to calculate the Land Use and Ecology Category
Score.
Stage One DA
DA Checklist.
part of a Stage One DA:
• A copy of the site assessment or contamination report (completed in
line with NEPM guidelines (see ‘References and Further Information’))
clearly documenting the pre-existing contamination on the site.
Stage Two DA
DA Checklist.
To demonstrate compliance of the Stage Two DA this is the same as the
• A copy of the site assessment or contamination report (completed in
line with NEPM guidelines (see ‘References and Further Information’))
clearly documenting the pre-existing contamination on the site; and
• A certificate from the Environmental Auditor confirming that the site
has been correctly and appropriately decontaminated.
To demonstrate compliance of the Occupancy Certificate this is the same
as the information previously submitted for the Construction Certificate.
Additional Guidance
An Environmental Auditor must meet the requirements of the National
Environment Protection (Assessment of Site Contamination) Measure –


ECO-2 RECLAIMED
CONTAMINATED LAND
specifically Schedule B (10) ‘Guideline on Competencies and Acceptance

of Contaminated Land Auditors and Related Professionals’.
It should be noted that minor local contamination will occur on most
previously used sites and the purpose of this credit is not to reward this.
For this reason contamination is to be ‘significant’. This means that there
should be substantial recommendations for containment and/or removal
in the site contamination report.
Where assessing a project that is part of an ongoing development phase
on land that was previously contaminated, and where prior to the first
phase of development the land was decontaminated, the credit can be
awarded. However, confirmation that no activity has taken place in the
intervening years that could have lead to potential recontamination is
required.
Background
The CSIRO estimates that 80,000 sites throughout Australia are affected
by contamination in the urban environment, caused by petrochemical,
manufacturing, military, urban, agricultural and mining activities. Many
of these sites are suitable for development with the correct remediation.
The development of contaminated sites not only brings back into use a
redundant, formerly developed area but also makes safe an area that
would otherwise be considered unhealthy for human occupation and a
danger to the local natural environment.
Remediating contaminated sites for re-use also limits the demand for
undeveloped sites that may be of ecological importance.

The Environment Protection and Heritage Council
http://www.ephc.gov.au/nepms/cs/con_sites.html
National Environment Protection (Assessment of Site Contamination)
Measure 1999
http://www.ephc.gov.au/pdf/cs/cs_measure.pdf
Schedule B (10) Guidelines of Competencies and Acceptance of
Environmental Auditors and Professionals
http://www.ephc.gov.au/pdf/cs/cs_10_auditors.pdf
Australian Standards
AS 4482.1-1997 Guide to the Sampling and Investigation of Potentially
Contaminated Soil - Non-volatile and Semi-volatile Compounds
CSIRO
Land and Water
http://www.clw.csiro.au/
ANZECC Publications
Australian and New Zealand Guidelines for the Assessment and
Management of Contaminated Sites, published by Australian and New
Zealand Environment and Conservation Council (ANZECC) and the
National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC), January 1992


ECO-2 RECLAIMED
CONTAMINATED LAND
Australian Water Quality Guidelines for Fresh and Marine Waters,

Australian and New Zealand Environment and Conservation Council
(ANZECC), November 1992, which are only approved for the purposes
of contaminated site assessment, investigation, remediation and site
auditing under the Contaminated Land Management Act (or other relevant
legislation) commenced before September 2001
Australian and New Zealand Guidelines for Fresh and Marine Water
Quality, Australian and New Zealand Environment and Conservation
Council and Agriculture and Resource Management Council of Australia
and New Zealand, Paper No 4, October 2000


ECO-3 CHANGE OF
ECOLOGICAL VALUE
ECO-3 CHANGE OF ECOLOGICAL VALUE

Aim of Credit
To encourage and recognise the minimisation of ecological impact from
development and to maximise the enhancement of a site for both new
and existing buildings.
Credit Criteria
Up to four points are awarded where it is demonstrated that the ecological
value of a development site is either not diminished or is enhanced
beyond its previously existing state. No points are available for sites
which contain rare, threatened or vulnerable flora and fauna.
The credits are calculated using the Change in Ecology Calculator that
compares the relative ecological value of land use before and after
development.
Stage One DA
DA Checklist, then provide the following documentation:
• Either an aerial photograph or original plan drawings of the site prior
to the commencement of development, with each ecological type
and area clearly marked and demonstrated on the drawings; and
• Commitment to engage a suitably qualified ecological expert to
assess the flora and fauna status of the site.
Stage Two DA
DA Checklist.
To demonstrate compliance of a Stage Two DA this is the same as the
• A copy of the completed Change in Ecology Calculator sheet (See
Additional Guidance); and
and area clearly marked and demonstrated on the drawings; OR
• A plan drawing of the site design layout clearly showing each
ecological type and area (m²); and


ECO-3 CHANGE OF
ECOLOGICAL VALUE
• A copy of the section of the specification or landscaping schedule

where planting is nominated if more than one point is claimed for this
credit.
• A copy of the completed Change in Ecology Calculator sheet (See
Additional Guidance); and
and area clearly marked and demonstrated on the drawings; OR
• As-built plan drawings of the site layout clearly showing each
ecological type and area (m²) planted;
Additional Guidance
The points are calculated using the Change in Ecology Credit Calculator
which compares the relative ecological value of land use before and
after development. The following information is required to use the
Calculator:
• Confirmation that the site does not contain rare, threatened or
vulnerable flora or fauna;
• The area of each different ecological land type on the site before
development; and
• The area of each different ecological land type on the site after
development.
The bioregion should be nominated as Sydney Basin;
The Change in Ecology Calculator determines the number of points
achieved.
If a wall garden is installed this is to be counted as 75% ‘Exotic Garden’
and 25% ‘Building’ (even if it comprises native species).
The Change in Ecology Calculator is used to assess the different types of
vegetative and non-vegetative cover on a proposed development site. It
employs the following philosophy:
• The different ecological land types have been assigned relative
Ecological Weightings by qualified ecologists for comparative
purposes only (refer below for further advice);
• The area of each land type is multiplied by the Ecological Weighting,
for both before and after development, to give an Ecological Score
for each;
• For native land types, wetlands and waterways the Ecological Score
is multiplied by a Bioregion Reservation Importance Factor;


ECO-3 CHANGE OF
ECOLOGICAL VALUE
• A Total Ecological score for both before and after is determined by

then adding the Ecological Scores for each land type;
• A comparative Ecological Diversity Index for before and after is
calculated by dividing the Total Ecological Score by the site area;
and
• The Change in Ecological Value is calculated by subtracting the
Ecological Diversity Index (before) from the Ecological Diversity
Index (after).
Points are then awarded based on the Change in Ecological Value
achieved.
Ecological Weightings
The ecological weightings are based on using the Draft National Framework
for Assessing Native Vegetation Condition (EA 2001) Decision Making
Process. The following weightings, based on an average bioregion in
Australia (refer below), have been assigned.
Ecological Land Type Relative Ecological

Weighting
Building 0
Impermeable/Concreted Area 0
Bare Ground 5
Weed Infestations 5
Exotic Garden 5
Native Garden 15
Existing Waterway* 75
Wetland* 100
Regenerated Native Habitat(< 10 years old)* 50
Indigenous Native Habitat (> 10 years old)* 75
Indigenous Native Habitat (> 20 years old)* 100
* - indicates those land types which are modified by the Bioregion
Reservation Importance Factor
Relative ecological weightings for different land types
Bioregion Reservation Importance Factor for Native Vegetation in

Different Bioregions
To acknowledge that biodiversity importance varies across different regions
of Australia a Bioregion Reservation Importance Factor has been included
in the Change-in-Ecological Value Credit Calculator. Using a Bioregion
Reservation Importance Factor results in an increased Ecological Score
being given to the native vegetation, wetlands and waterways in areas
where the vegetation is less abundant and ecosystems are threatened.
The factors were developed following a review of:
• The National Strategy for the Conservation of Biological Diversity
(DEST 1996);
• State of the Environment Reports (Williams 2001, ASEC 1996 and
2001);


ECO-3 CHANGE OF
ECOLOGICAL VALUE
• National Land and Water Resource Audit reports Australian Terrestrial

Biodiversity Assessment 2002 and Australian Native Vegetation
Assessment 2001;
• Revision of Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation for Australia (IBRA)
and Development of Version 5.1;
• Human Settlements Environmental Indicators for National State of
the Environment Reporting (Newton et al. 1998); and
• National Framework for the Management and Monitoring of Australia’s
Native Vegetation (NRMMC 2000).
To apply a Bioregion Reservation Importance Factor a consistent
national set of information about the reservation priority for each of the
bioregions was used. This assessment method is the Comprehensive,
Adequate, Representative (CAR) System. This System has evaluated
how comprehensive, adequate and representative the reserve system is
across Australia. Commonwealth and State government officers have
indicated that, in the absence of other relevant data, the CAR System is
the most appropriate for assigning conservation priorities.
The most recent assessment using the CAR System is in the National
Land and Water Resources Audit Biodiversity Assessment Report. This
report is available from the National Land and Water Resources Audit
website at www.nlwra.gov.au. Further details about the CAR System are
provided on the Environment Australia website at www.ea.gov.au.
Each of the bioregions has been assessed using the CAR System and
a reservation priority rating assigned. There are five reservation priority
categories: lowest, second lowest, medium, second highest and highest.
For the purposes of creating the Bioregion Reservation Importance Factor,
these categories have been assigned a numerical rating between 0.5 and
1.5, as follows:
Category Bioregion Reservation

Importance Factor
Lowest 0.5
Second lowest 0.75
Medium 1.0
Second highest 1.25
Highest 1.5
Description of Bioregion Reservation Importance Factors

The general location of the bioregions is shown on the map of Interim
Biogeographic Regionalisation of Australia, Version 5.1. Sydney is
nominated as the Sydney Basin bioregion, which is shown in the following
website:
http://www.ea.gov.au/parks/nrs/ibra/version5-1/nsw.html
Background
Australia is home to more than one million species, many of which are
found nowhere else in the world. It is also defined as ‘megadiverse’, that
is that it has very high levels of biodiversity.


ECO-3 CHANGE OF
ECOLOGICAL VALUE
Twelve of the megadiverse countries contain 75% of the world’s total

biodiversity. About 85% of flowering plants, 84% of mammals, more than
45% of birds, and 89% of inshore, temperate-zone fish are endemic - that
is they are only found in Australia.
Changes to the landscape and native habitat as a result of human activity
and habitation have put many of these unique species at risk. Over the
last two hundred years many species of plants and animals have become
extinct. The aim is to reward those sites that have a limited impact on
the local ecology and/or enhance their sites through the re-introduction
of indigenous species, thus helping to reduce the impact of building
development on the local environment.

ASEC (1996) Australia State of the Environment 1996 Prepared by
Australian State of the Environment Committee, CSIRO Publishing on
behalf of Environment Australia
ASEC (2001) Australia State of the Environment 2001 Prepared by
Australian State of the Environment Committee, CSIRO Publishing on
behalf of Environment Australia
DEST (1996) National Strategy for the Conservation of Australia’s
Biological Diversity Department of the Environment, Sport and Territories,
1996
EA (2000) Revision of Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation for Australia
(IBRA) and Development of Version 5.1 – Summary Report Environment
Australia
EA (2001) Draft National Framework for Assessing Native Vegetation
Condition Environment Australia
Newton, P., Flood, J., Berry, M., Bhatia, K., Brown, S., Cabelli, Gomboso, J.,
Higgins, J., Richardson, T. and Ritchie, V. (1998) Environmental Indicators
for National State of the Environment Reporting human settlements
Commonwealth of Australia Publishing on behalf of Environment
Australia
NLWRA (2001) Australian Native Vegetation Assessment 2001 National
Land and Water Resources Audit
NLWRA (2002) Australian Terrestrial Biodiversity Assessment 2002
National Land and Water Resources Audit
NRMMC (2000) National Framework for the Management and Monitoring of
Australia’s Native Vegetation Published by the Department of Environment
and Heritage on behalf of the Natural Resource Management Ministerial
Council
Williams, J (2001) Australia State of the Environment Report 2001
(Biodiversity Theme Report) Prepared by: Dr Jann Williams, RMIT
University, CSIRO Publishing on behalf of the Department of the
Environment and Heritage
Department of Environment and Heritage website - Bioregion
information
http://www.deh.gov.au/parks/nrs/ibra/version5-1/index.html


ECO-3 CHANGE OF
ECOLOGICAL VALUE
Australian National Heritage Trust

Australian Natural Resources Atlas
http://audit.ea.gov.au/ANRA/atlas_home.cfm
Department of Environment and Heritage Australia
http://www.deh.gov.au
Australian Terrestrial Biodiversity Assessment Report 2002:
http://audit.ea.gov.au/ANRA/vegetation/docs/biodiversity/bio_assess_
contents.cfm
Ecological Society of Australia
http://www.ecolsoc.org.au


ECO-4 TOPSOIL AND FILL
REMOVAL FROM SITE
ECO-4 TOPSOIL AND FILL REMOVAL FROM SITE

Aim of Credit
To encourage and recognise practices that reduce the amount of topsoil
and fill removed from development sites.
Credit Criteria
One point is awarded where it is demonstrated that cut and fill requirements
are balanced on site and where there is no exportation of fill or topsoil
from the site.
Where the development is a refurbishment, this credit is ‘Not Applicable’
and is excluded from the points available used to calculate the Land use
and Ecology Category Score.
Stage One DA
DA Checklist.
Stage Two DA
DA Checklist.
• A copy of the relevant section of the specification where the restriction
on the importation and exportation of fill and top soil to and from the
site is stated; and
• A completed copy of the DCP checklist nominating the quantities of
topsoil, that have been cut and filled on-site.
for council.
• A completed copy of the DCP checklist nominating the quantities of
topsoil that have been cut and filled on-site.
• As-built plans and drawings showing how the topsoil on site prior
to development was designed to balance cut and fill and avoid
exportation of fill and topsoil and the construction method to achieve
this; or


ECO-4 TOPSOIL AND FILL
REMOVAL FROM SITE
• Sub-contractor certification demonstrating that there was no

exportation of fill or top-soil from the site.
for council.
Additional Guidance
Where topsoil or fill is contaminated and taken off-site for treatment or
disposal this credit cannot be achieved. In other words, all contaminated
land must be treated on-site.
Background
Topsoil is a valuable and diminishing natural resource in Australia. The
most meaningful indicator for the health of the land, and the long-term
wealth of a nation, is whether soil is being formed or lost. If soil is being lost,
so too is the economic and ecological foundation on which production
and conservation are based (Jones 2002).
In little over 200 years of European land-use in Australia, more than 70%
of land has become seriously degraded (The Future Eaters, Tim Flannery
1994). Despite our efforts to implement ‘best practice’ in soil conservation,
the situation continues to deteriorate.
According to EcoRecycle Victoria the Building and Demolition sector
accounts for 40% of waste to landfill. A report on waste profiles in Victorian
Landfills (Victorian EPA 1999) found that for the Building and Demolition
sector over 80% of the waste stream (by weight) comprised of Clean
Excavated Material (54.6%) and Concrete/Bricks (27.2%). Approximately
20% of all solid waste to landfill is clean fill material.

Jones C. E. (2002) ‘Building New Topsoil’
Stipa Native Grasses ‘Changing Landscapes’ Forum Armidale NSW, 3
May 2002.
EcoRecycle Victoria


ECO-5 SITE ACCESS AND
CONNECTIVITY
ECO-5 SITE ACCESS AND CONNECTIVITY

Aim of Credit
To encourage and recognise the provision of pedestrian and bicycle
networks to enable easy thoroughfare through large development sites
in urban areas.
Credit Criteria
One point is awarded where there is dedicated pedestrian and bicycle
access across both major axes of sites over 1 hectare (10,000m²).
If the site is less than 1 hectare , it is ‘Not Applicable’ and is excluded
from the points available used to calculate the Land Use and Ecology
Category Score.
Stage One DA
DA Checklist.
Stage Two DA
DA Checklist.
• A plan drawing of the site giving an indication of where the public
pedestrian and bicycle access will be located.
for council.
• A completed copy of the DCP checklist; and
• As-built drawings showing the location and number of all pedestrian
and cyclist access points; and
for council.
Additional Guidance
The site must include at least four pedestrian and bicycle access and exit
points which are connected.


CONNECTIVITY
The minimum allowable angle between major axes is 60º. This means
that if straight lines are drawn between the entry/exit points of the site,
through the midpoint of the site, the smallest angle between axes must
be no smaller than 60º. (See example below)
Pedestrian and bicycle access means that either:

• The access route satisfying the above requirements, is paved and
sufficiently wide for safe traffic by pedestrian and cyclists at the same
time;
OR
• Two access routes are provided which satisfy the above requirements,
one for cyclist, which must be paved, and one for pedestrians.
Background
Greenhouse Policy Options for Transport report (2002) in Australia, motor
vehicles account for around 93% of passenger kilometres, with public
transport and non-motorised transport accounting for the remainder.
When a large development does not allow for through traffic by bicycles
and pedestrians it has a negative impact on the alternative transport
options and can add to the environmental impact caused by vehicle
dependency emissions.
The Sustainable Transport in Sustainable Cities Project ‘Healthy Transport,
Healthy People’ June 2002 report shows that a sustainable city needs
sustainable transport that encourages health-supporting, not health-
damaging, travel behaviour.
Health, safety and transport are daily concerns for everyone. In the 1990’s
the World Health Organisation identified transport as one of the major
determinants of health and health inequality in Western countries.
According to DIPNR in the planning guidelines for walking and cycling
walkability is defined by a circle of radius 400m which equates to a 5
minute walk; a 5 minute cycle ride is equal to a 1.5km radius. Poorly
connected streets make walking and cycling very inefficient, whereas well
connected streets can improve accessibility to local facilities by 50%.
The City of Sydney has integrated land use planning with transport to
encourage less car journeys and more cycling and walking and through
site links that provides connectivity between neighbourhoods. By ensuring
that larger development sites are well connected to key walking and
cycling paths this will enhance site access and connectivity further.


CONNECTIVITY

www.greenhouse.gov.au/transport/index.html
Travelsmart
www.travelsmart.gov.au
Australian Bicycle Council
www.abc.dotars.gov.au
Bicycle Federation of Australia
www.bfa.asn.au
Walk to School Day
http://www.walk.com.au/wstsd01/page.asp?PageID=268
Walk to Work Day
http://www.walk.com.au/wtw/page.asp?PageID=207
Pedestrian and bicycle Transport Institute of Australasia
www.pedbiketrans.asn.au
Bicycle NSW
www.bicyclensw.org.au
Department of Infrastructure Planning and Natural Resources (DIPNR);
Planning Guidelines for walking and cycling
http://www.dipnr.nsw.gov.au/cycling.html


EMISSIONS EMI-1 REFRIGERANT ODP
EMI-1 REFRIGERANT ODP

Aim of Credit
To encourage and recognise the reduction of potential long-term damage
to the Earth’s stratospheric ozone layer through the accidental release of
ozone depleting substances to the atmosphere.
Credit Criteria
Up to two points are awarded where it is demonstrated that HVAC
refrigerants in use have an Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP) of zero OR
where no refrigerants are used, as follows:
• 2 points are awarded where 100% of all refrigerants by volume have
an ODP of zero OR no refrigerants are used.
Stage One DA
DA Checklist.
Stage Two DA
DA Checklist.
The following is required to demonstrate compliance as part of the
Construction Certificate:
Using the DCP checklist, nominate the Central and/or Individual
refrigeration systems, and submit the following item as supporting
‘evidence;’
• Appropriate section of the BASIX output summary checklist
AND
• Extract from the specification or tender contract that includes a
requirement for all refrigerants to have an ODP of zero (where
refrigerants are used in the design)
OR
• An extract from the specification or tender contract that includes a
list of all refrigerant applications and details of which refrigerants are
required to have an ODP of zero (where refrigerants are used in the
design).
Occupancy Certificate:



refrigeration systems, and submit the following item as supporting
evidence to confirm applicability;
Where refrigerants are included within the design
Using the DCP checklist, nominate all HVAC equipment using refrigerants
listing the volume and type of refrigerant used in each, demonstrated with
reference to the following documents:
• Supplier certification quantifying all refrigerants supplied to that
site (this is to correlate to the calculations summary showing the
refrigerants used);
• Sub-contractor certification demonstrating that the refrigerants and
chillers supplied to the site are the items that were installed;
• References proving the refrigerants used have an ODP of zero as
determined from either HB 40.1-2001: The Australian Refrigeration
and Air-conditioning Code of Good Practice (Appendix 3 & 4) or
AIRAH Refrigerant Selection Guide 2003. If several different types of
system are to be installed specify the type of refrigerant used in each
piece of equipment, its ODP and the volume of refrigerant.
Reference documents may be audited on request and must be available
to the City of Sydney.
Additional Guidance
All ODP values are to be determined from HB 40.1-2001: The Australian
Refrigeration and Air-conditioning Code of Good Practice (Appendix
3 and 4) or AIRAH Refrigerant Selection Guide 2003. Currently there
are no Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) and Hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC)
refrigerants available which meet the requirements of this credit. The
credit can, however, be achieved through the use of Hydrofluorocarbons
(HFCs) or hydrocarbon-based refrigerants.
Background
Building services have an impact on the amount of damage done to
the ozone layer from CFCs and HCFCs. These substances are used as
refrigerants and in some insulation materials. These substances have
been known to cause long-term damage to the Earth’s stratospheric
ozone layer, exposing living organisms to harmful radiation from the sun.
They also have significant global-warming potentials and so contribute to
global warming.
The use of Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and HCFCs as refrigerants
has been addressed under the International Montreal Protocol, and
subsequent phase-out programs have resulted in the removal of these
substances from the market. However, the replacements currently
favoured by the industry are HFCs which have a high Global Warming
Potential (GWP).
The ODP provides a measure of the potential for damage that a chemical
has relative to that of the refrigerant type CFC11. CFC11 has an ODP of


one and is the most damaging of the CFCs. The ODP is defined as the
total change in ozone, per unit mass, when the substance has reached a
steady state in the atmosphere.
The manufacture, import, and export of CFCs, halon, methyl chloroform
and carbon tetrachloride has been controlled in Australia since 1989.
These activities were banned for halon from 31 December 1992, one year
ahead of the Montreal Protocol requirements. For the other chemicals,
these activities have been banned since 1 January 1996, except for a small
range of essential uses. Australia banned importation and manufacture of
CFCs from 31 December 1995.
HCFCs are ozone-depleting but have a much lower ODP than CFCs, and
are considered a transitional chemical to aid the CFC phase-out. They are
commonly used as refrigerants, solvents, and blowing agents for plastic
foam manufacture, and are scheduled to be phased out by 2020.

Environment Australia Annual Report 2001-02 - Operation of the Ozone
Protection Act 1989
http://www.deh.gov.au/about/annual-report/01-02/report-ozone.
html#operation
Ozone Protection
http://www.deh.gov.au/atmosphere/ozone/index.html
United Nations Environmental Program
Ozone Secretariat
http://www.unep.org/ozone/treaties.shtml
Standards Australia
HB 40.1-2001 The Australian Refrigeration and Air-conditioning Code
of Good Practice Appendix 3 and 4 summarise OPD potential for most
common types of refrigerants
http://www.standards.com.au\
AIRAH (Australian Institute of Refrigeration Air Conditioning and Heating)
Refrigerant Selection Guide 2003.


EMI-2 REFRIGERANT GWP

Aim of Credit
To encourage and recognise the selection of refrigerants that reduce
the potential for increased global warming arising from the emission of
refrigerants to the Earth’s atmosphere in the event of accidental release.
Credit Criteria
One point is awarded where it is demonstrated that all refrigerants have a
Global Warming Potential (GWP) of less than 10 OR where no refrigerants
are used.
Stage One DA
DA Checklist.
Stage Two DA
DA Checklist.
Construction Certificate. Using the DCP checklist, nominate the Central
and/or Individual refrigeration systems, and submit the following items as
supporting ‘evidence;’
AND
• An extract from the specification or tender contract that includes a
requirement for all refrigerants to have a GWP of less than 10 (where
refrigerants are used in the design)
Occupancy Certificate:
refrigeration systems, and submit the following items as supporting
evidence to confirm applicability;
Where refrigerants are included within the design
Using the DCP checklist, nominate all HVAC equipment using refrigerants
(if any), listing the volume and type of refrigerant used in each, with
reference to the following documents:
• Supplier certification quantifying all refrigerants supplied to that
site (this is to correlate to the calculations summary showing the
refrigerants used);


• Sub-contractor certification demonstrating that the refrigerants and

chillers supplied to the site are the items that were installed;
• Written confirmation from the suppliers that the refrigerants used
have a GWP of less than 10 as determined from either HB 40.1-2002:
The Australian Refrigeration and Air-conditioning Code of Good
Practice (Appendix 3 & 4) or The Australian Institute of Refrigeration
Air Conditioning and Heating (AIRAH) Refrigerant Selection Guide
2003.
Reference documents may be audited on request and must be available
to the City of Sydney.
Note that if several different types of system are to be installed specify
the type of refrigerant used in each piece of equipment, its GWP and the
volume of refrigerant.
Additional Guidance
Where refrigerants are used, the applicant will need to provide information
regarding all HVAC refrigerants installed including their GWP. The
Assessor(s) will be looking to confirm that the Operation and Maintenance
(O&M) Manual specifies the replacement of those refrigerants with similar
refrigerants.
Where no refrigerants are used, the applicant must provide evidence
showing that the building is naturally ventilated or mechanically ventilated
without refrigerant-based heating and cooling. This information should
be consistent with the BASIX submission for the project.
At present, there are no Hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC) or
Hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) refrigerants which meet the requirements of
this credit. There are, however, some hydrocarbon refrigerants which
have been developed which are able to meet these criteria and this credit
seeks to further encourage the development of low GWP refrigerants.
This credit addresses GWP and not energy efficiency. Initiatives which
reduce greenhouse gas emissions due to energy efficiency are addressed
in the Energy category.
Background
The use of Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and HCFCs as refrigerants
has been addressed under the International Montreal Protocol, and
subsequent phase-out programs have resulted in the removal of these
substances from the market. However, the replacements currently
favoured by the industry are HFCs which have a high GWP.
The GWP provides a measure of the potential for damage that a chemical
has relative to one unit of carbon dioxide, the primary greenhouse gas.
Figures in excess of 3000 times are not uncommon amongst some
refrigerants currently specified. Their long half-life is a major contributory
factor in this.
Hydrocarbons and ammonia-based refrigerants have low or zero GWP.
As such, they are preferable long-term options. These refrigerants are
now readily available and are valid alternatives to HFCs.



Inventories and Projections of Ozone Depleting and Synthetic Greenhouse
Gases used in Montreal Protocol Industries
http://www.deh.gov.au/atmosphere/ozone/publications/burnbank-report.
html
Department of Trade and Industry (U.K.)
Refrigeration and Air Conditioning CFC and HCFC Phase-Out: Advice on
Alternatives and Guidelines for Users
http://www.dti.gov.uk/access/frige_book.pdf
Heating)


EMI-3 REFRIGERANT LEAK
DETECTION
EMI-3 REFRIGERANT LEAK DETECTION

Aim of Credit
To encourage and recognise systems which reduce the release of
refrigerants to the atmosphere arising from leakages in a building’s
cooling plant.
Credit Criteria
One point is awarded where it is demonstrated that systems containing
refrigerants are contained in a moderately air-tight enclosure and where a
refrigerant leak detection system is specified/installed covering high-risk
parts of the plant (evaporator or condenser coils can be omitted).
This credit is ‘Not Applicable’ if all points for Emi-1 and Emi-2 are achieved
and is excluded from the points available to calculate the Emissions
Category Score.
Stage One DA
DA Checklist.
Stage Two DA
DA Checklist.
AND, EITHER
• Design drawings showing the enclosure around each of the HVAC
systems containing refrigerants;
OR
• A copy of the section of the specification where the refrigerant leak
detection system(s) is detailed
This credit may be claimed as ‘Not Applicable’ if all three points have
been successfully claimed under credits Emi-1 and Emi-2.
Occupancy Certificate. Using the DCP checklist, nominate the Central


DETECTION

AND, EITHER
• As-built drawings showing the enclosure around each of the HVAC
systems containing refrigerants;
OR
• A copy of the appropriate commissioning report that states the
refrigerant leak detection system(s) has been installed and is
functioning as per the specification
This credit may be claimed as ‘Not Applicable’ if all three points have
Additional Guidance
High risk parts of the plant include plant rooms containing chillers and
other equipment with refrigerants but do not include evaporator or
condenser coils. The assessors will be looking to see evidence that
these at least these high risk parts of the plant are served by a refrigerant
leak detection system.
In the case of developments that have individual dwelling based cooling
systems, in lieu of a central air conditioning system, a refrigerant leak
detection system will need to be provided for each and every cooling
system. It is expected that it will be difficult for dwellings using individual
cooling systems to be able to achieve this credit reasonably.
Refrigerant Detectors
For a new building, permanently installed multi-point sensing detectors
are to be specified. Various types are available, including corona
discharge (hand-held only and, as such, does not comply with the Green
Star requirements unless a regular - at least once a week - monitoring
system is confirmed), infrared, and semi-conductor.
Indicator Dyes
Fluorescent or coloured dyes added to the refrigerant to show leakage
sites. The use of the dye should be approved by the compressor
manufacturer.
Halide Torch Detectors
This type of detection is only appropriate for chlorine-based substances
such as CFCs and HCFCs. Compounds which do not contain chlorine
- e.g. HFCs - cannot be detected by this method. Non ozone-depleting
refrigerants do not register on a halide torch leak detector.
Background
Refrigerant leaks are responsible for substantial releases of ozone
depleting and greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. Reducing the
leakage levels of refrigerants can also have monetary savings to the
building owner/occupier, as leakage can result in up to a 40% loss of
efficiency in plant that appears to be running satisfactorily.
Detecting and preventing leaks as early as possible will not only reduce
the potential damage to the environment but will also have a direct
economic benefit to the building’s occupier.


DETECTION

Protection Act 1989
html#operation
Ozone Protection
Ozone Secretariat
Standards Australia
html
Journal of Non Destructive Testing
A New Type of Refrigerant Leak Detector for Leak Tests in the Refrigerating
and Air Conditioning Industry
http://www.ndt.net/article/v08n01/boehm/boehm.htm
Automated Buildings Journal
Far-reaching International Standards and Regulations Requiring
Refrigerant Leak Detection Still Not Generally Known
http://www.automatedbuildings.com/news/jun02/art/murco/mrc.htm


DETECTION
Naval Facilities Engineering Service Centre – Environmental Services (U.S.)

Leak Detection and Prevention Guidelines for HVAC&R Systems:
http://enviro.nfesc.navy.mil/ps/FacilityODSConv/leak_detection_
prevention.htm
Institute of Refrigeration (U.K.)
http://www.ior.org.uk/


EMI-4 REFRIGERANT RECOVERY

Aim of Credit
To encourage and recognise systems that reduce and prevent unnecessary
loss of refrigerants during maintenance and repairs.
Credit Criteria
One point is awarded where it is demonstrated that either provision of
automatic refrigerant pump-down is made to the heat exchanger or
dedicated storage tanks with isolation valves.
This credit is ‘Not Applicable’ where all credits in Emi-1 and Emi-2 are
achieved and is excluded from the points available to calculate the
Emissions Category Score.
Stage One DA
DA Checklist.
Stage Two DA
DA Checklist.
AND, EITHER
• A copy of the section of the specification where the automatic
refrigerant pump-down system for each HVAC system containing
refrigerants is detailed;
OR
• A copy of design drawings showing the pump-down system for each
of the HVAC systems containing refrigerants as ‘evidence’ in the DCP
checklist
This credit may be claimed as ‘Not Applicable’ If all three points have



AND, EITHER
• A copy of the appropriate commissioning report that states that the
automatic refrigerant pump-down system for each HVAC system
containing refrigerants is installed and functioning as per the
specification
OR
• As built drawings showing the pump-down system for each of the
HVAC systems containing refrigerants, as ‘evidence’ in the DCP
checklist
This credit may be claimed as ‘Not Applicable’ If all three points have
Additional Guidance
Automatic pump-down to either a separate storage tank or into the heat
exchanger is acceptable but only where isolation valves are fitted to
contain it once fully pumped down.
The provision of manual storage cylinders or any other system which
is highly reliant on the diligence of the maintenance staff on site is not
acceptable to achieve this credit.
Background
It is common practice during the maintenance of HVAC systems
containing refrigerants to dispose of the refrigerants in the system where
an automatic system of refrigerant containment in not included in the
system design. This large release of refrigerants to the atmosphere can
cause significant environmental damage, particularly if the refrigerants
have a high ozone depletion or global warming potential.
The specification of automatic refrigerant pump-down is the best way
in the design of the building of avoiding the environmental impacts of
refrigerant leakage during such maintenance.

Protection Act 1989
html#operation
Ozone Protection
Ozone Secretariat


Standards Australia
html
Journal of Non Destructive Testing
A New Type of Refrigerant Leak Detector for Leak Tests in the Refrigerating
and Air Conditioning Industry
http://www.ndt.net/article/v08n01/boehm/boehm.htm
Automated Buildings Journal
Far-reaching International Standards and Regulations Requiring
Refrigerant Leak Detection Still Not Generally Known
http://www.automatedbuildings.com/news/jun02/art/murco/mrc.htm
Naval Facilities Engineering Service Centre – Environmental Services (U.S.)
Leak Detection and Prevention Guidelines for HVAC&R Systems:
http://enviro.nfesc.navy.mil/ps/FacilityODSConv/leak_detection_
prevention.htm
Institute of Refrigeration (U.K.)
http://www.ior.org.uk/


EMI-5 WATERCOURSE POLLUTION

Aim of Credit
To encourage and recognise project design that reduces the potential of
pollution in water running off from buildings and hard surfaces to natural
watercourses.
Credit Criteria
Two points are awarded where it is demonstrated that all stormwater
leaving the site, at any time up to a 1-in-20 year storm event, is treated/
filtered in accordance with the Australian and New Zealand Environment
Conservation Council (ANZECC)’s Guidelines for Urban Stormwater
Management.
To obtain points it must also be demonstrated that the development does
not increase peak stormwater flows for rainfall events of up to a 1-in-20
year storm.
Stage One DA
DA Checklist.
Stage Two DA
DA Checklist.
Construction Certificate.
• Submission of a WSUD report that contains in the document summary
the following table, completed with reference to the project;
Statement of compliance
Company ABC confirms that, with the inclusion of the stormwater
management initiatives listed below and documented in this report,
that the XYZ project will comply with the Australian and New Zealand
Environment Conservation Council (ANZECC)’s Guidelines for Urban
Stormwater Management for all stormwater leaving the site at any time
up to a 1-in-20 year storm event.
Implementation
Stormwater Design Required? Notes (location, Documentation
Feature (Y/N) m² area, design Evidence
intent)
Oil and sediment
arresters/separators
Sand filters, porous
pavements


Implementation
intent)
Swales
Permeable paving
Pollution control
ponds
Wetlands
Rainwater
harvesting
Roof gardens
Bio-basins
Roof run-off
Other 1
Other 2
Other 3
AND
• A copy of each piece of design documentation declared as evidence
in the table above
for council.
Submission of a WSUD report that contains in the document summary
the following table, completed with reference to the project;
Statement of compliance
Company ABC confirms that, with the inclusion of the stormwater
management initiatives listed below and documented in this report,
that the XYZ project will comply with the Australian and New Zealand
Environment Conservation Council (ANZECC)’s Guidelines for Urban
Stormwater Management for all stormwater leaving the site at any time
up to a 1-in-20 year storm event.
Implementation
intent)
Oil and sediment
arresters/separators
Sand filters, porous
pavements
Swales
Permeable paving
Pollution control
ponds
Wetlands


Implementation
intent)
Rainwater
harvesting
Roof gardens
Bio-basins
Roof run-off
Other 1
Other 2
Other 3
AND
• A copy of each piece of as-built documentation declared as evidence
in the table above
for council.
Additional Guidance
The Assessor(s) will be looking for confirmation that a system capable
of treating stormwater to the required (quality and volume) levels has
been provided and is operational. The applicant will need to detail the
system provided referring to as-installed drawings and the Operation
and Maintenance (O&M) manual and confirm through calculations
and reference to the relevant stormwater treatment guidelines that the
treatment of the water is satisfactory.
Compliance with this credit can be achieved through a variety of
technologies and strategies, as follows:
• Oil and sediment arresters can have different design and operating
dynamics, ranging from plate separators, to vortex, swirl and dynamic
separators. Oil and sediment separators are often sited in car parks
and other points of high traffic density in commercial centres.
• Sand filters, grassed swales and porous pavements can be effective
treatment techniques, especially in car parks, commercial and
industrial sites. Roof run-off, which is relatively clean, can be directly
infiltrated into the soil near a building by connecting the downpipe to
a sub-soil drain system with an overflow for large events.
• Swales, which are open, grass-lined channels that receive runoff
from roads and other impervious surfaces. Small check dams can
be added to slow velocities and increase pollutant removal.
• Permeable paving materials, such as porous asphalt or porous
concrete, are surfaces that mimic natural infiltration. Permeable
surfaces can also be designed with reinforced turf and open-celled
pavers, and concrete or plastic grids with voids that are filled with
topsoil or aggregate.
• Constructed pollution control ponds, or wet detention basins, are
largely open water bodies of several metres depth. (Mosquitoes may
become a problem if not factored into the design.)


• Constructed wetlands that resemble local natural wetlands. When a

constructed ecosystem is productive, it means that there is a significant
biomass of plants and microscopic algae that take up nutrients and
provide habitat and food for animals. When an ecosystem is diverse
it has a large range of animal, plant and microbial species that
promote materials transfer and decomposition of organic material.
• Rainwater harvesting for toilet flushing or irrigation.
• Roof gardens absorb about 76 litres of water per square metre
of garden area. Super-imposed loads on the roof structure, plus
retained rainwater, means that the roof needs to be designed to the
extra loading.
• Bio-basins are planted and shaded infiltration basins which trap
polluted stormwater. The basin surface appears ‘dry’ as its surface
is gravel and there are no ponds for mosquitoes to breed. The bio-
basin contains specialised wetland plants that act upon the water
pollutants in much the same way they do in natural wetlands. Larger
detained pollutant particles settle out to allow the natural bacteria
processes to occur. Bio-basins are easier to maintain and manage
than constructed wetlands, but must be protected from fine sediment
loads which could eventually clog the system.
Background
Overall, about 12% of Australia’s rainfall finds its way into surface streams.
By contrast, in highly urbanised zones up to 90% of the rainfall may flow
into the stormwater system. These flows are complemented by dry weather
drainage, flows from garden watering, wash-downs and illegal discharges.
In some systems wet weather overflows from sewerage systems create
significant health and environmental impacts on waterways.
Traditionally in Australia, stormwater has been transported separately
from the sewerage system. Unlike sewage, stormwater has received little,
if any, treatment. The aim has been to channel the stormwater as rapidly
and invisibly as possible from within urban areas to the nearest waterway,
usually on the coast.
The necessity to deal with both the quantity and quality of run-off is now
recognised. The optimum solution for managing an increased volume of
run-off is to encourage infiltration, storage and re-use.
The contaminants in stormwater can be grouped according to their water
quality impacts, as follows:
Oils and Surfactants
Rubber from tyres and oil and grease washed from road surfaces,
domestic and industrial sites, plus surfactants from detergents used for
washing vehicles, are common sources of toxic pollutants in stormwater.
Litter
This includes organic waste matter, paper, plastics, glass, metal and other
packaging materials from paved areas in urban catchments.


Suspended Solids
Suspended solids have two main constituents: organic (primarily from
sewage) and inorganic (primarily from surface run-off). Turbidity from
suspended solids reduces light penetration in water, affecting the growth
of aquatic plants. When silts and clays settle, they may smother bottom
dwelling organisms and disrupt their habitats. Since metals, phosphorous
and various organics are absorbed and transported with these particles,
sediment deposits may lead to a slow release of toxins and nutrients in
the waterway.
Nutrients
Potential sources of nutrients are:
• sewage overflows;
• industrial discharges;
• animal wastes;
• fertilisers;
• domestic detergents; and
• septic tank seepage.
Excessive amounts of nutrients, such as nitrogen and phosphorous, can
promote rapid growth of aquatic plants, including toxic and non-toxic
algae. This excessive growth can kill fish and other marine organisms.
Oxygen Demanding Materials
Sources of oxygen-demanding materials are biodegradable organic
debris, such as decomposing food and garden wastes, and the organic
material contained in sewage. Biological and chemical oxygen-depleting
substances can cause water-borne diseases and present serious health
risks.
Micro-organisms
Bacteria and viruses found in soil and decaying vegetation, and faecal
bacteria from sewer overflows, septic tank seepage and animal waste,
are common contaminants in stormwater after heavy rain. Pathogens
and micro-organisms, including bacteria, viruses and faecal coliforms,
cause water-borne diseases. These can present serious health risks
from cholera, typhoid, infectious hepatitis and a range of gastrointestinal
diseases.
Toxic Organics
These include garden pesticides, industrial chemicals and landfill
leachate. They may cause long-term ecological damage and threaten
human health. Organochlorine pesticides, herbicides and insecticides
can be accumulated in organisms and persist in the environment over
long periods.
Toxic Trace Metals
Industrial chemicals can enter stormwater from a number of sources
including sewerage overflows, illegal dumping and accidental spillages.
Dust from brake and clutch linings of motor vehicles, coupled with waste
from degrading roadways and water pipes, can inject ammonia, hydrogen
sulphide and heavy metals (mercury, cadmium, lead and zinc) into the
stormwater system. These metals can also be released from landfills
through leaching and by poor agricultural practices.


Algal Blooms
An algal bloom is caused by the rapid excessive growth of algae,
generally caused by high nutrient levels and favourable conditions. Algal
blooms can upset the natural balance of plant and animal ecosystems
in a waterway or wetland and can degrade recreation, conservation
and scenic values, and interfere with economic uses such as fisheries
and tourism. An over-abundance of algae can choke waterways, clog
pipes, and block out the light to other plants, such as sea-grasses. When
an algal bloom dies, the process of decay can use up all the available
oxygen in the water, effectively suffocating other aquatic life. Research
has shown that stormwater and treated wastewater can be exploited
in a cost-effective and environmentally sensitive manner for new urban
developments. In this context:
• Water reclamation can reduce potable water demand by as much as
50%;
• Properly managed stormwater flows provide important flow return
to streams, offsetting the environmental impact of upstream water
supply diversions and reducing the need for costly in-ground
stormwater infrastructure;
• The enhanced use of natural drainage corridors and depressions
can provide open space, landscaped and recreational areas
and conservation benefits increasing the amenity of new urban
developments (multiple use corridors); and
• Treatment of stormwater and wastewater closer to source minimises
uncontrolled discharge of water containing high suspended solids,
nutrients and organic material.

Introduction to Urban Stormwater Management in Australia
http://www.deh.gov.au/coasts/publications/stormwater/index.html
Melbourne Water
Water Sensitive Urban Design
http://www.melbournewater.com.au/
Australia Department of Agriculture, Fisheries, and Forestry
National Water Quality Management Strategy
http://www.affa.gov.au
EPA Victoria
Urban Stormwater - Best-Practice Environmental Management
Guidelines
Stormwater Management Program
Australian and New Zealand Environment Conservation Council
(ANZECC)
Guidelines for Urban Stormwater Management
http://www.deh.gov.au/cooperation/anz ecc


EMI-6 REDUCED FLOW TO SEWER

Aim of Credit
To encourage and recognise building design that reduces water flows to
the municipal sewage systems for treatment.
Credit Criteria
Up to four points are awarded where it is demonstrated that the design
outflows to the sewage system due to building occupants’ usage have
been reduced. The number of points awarded is determined using the
DCP Checklist.
Stage One DA
DA Checklist.
Stage Two DA
DA Checklist.
part of the Construction Certificate. Complete the DCP Sewage Calculator
Checklist and append the following:
• Drawings indicating the types and quantities of dwellings in the
development
• A copy of the relevant section of the specification where the water
efficiency ratings of the fittings, fixtures and domestic appliances are
described.
Where water treatment systems are used, also provide the following:
• A copy of the relevant section of the specification where the system
is described ;
• A copy of project drawings showing the location of the treatment
systems relative to the building including the location of water storage
systems; and
• Evidence of the relevant authority approval.
for council.
part of the Occupancy Certificate. Complete the DCP Sewage Calculator
Checklist and append the following:
• As-built drawings indicating the types and quantities of dwellings in
the development


• Supplier certification indicating the efficiency ratings of fittings,

fixtures, and domestic appliances provided
Where a water treatment system is used, the following is also required:
• As-built drawings of the treatment facility;
• Extracts from the commissioning report demonstrating that the
facility is operational;
• Evidence of the relevant authority approval.
for council.
Additional Guidance
Each Australian state and territory has a consent authority for greywater
and blackwater treatment and re-use. In most cases approval is required
from government authorities, varying from local government, to the water
utility, to the Department of Public Health. Consent from the relevant
authority is assumed. Evidence of the relevant authority approval must
be provided as part of the documentation for this credit where such
treatment systems are in place.
Points can be achieved for this credit by minimising water use through
efficient fittings, or through treatment and re-use of water before sending
it to sewer.
There are a number of water treatment and re-use technology options,
most of which are generally divided into greywater treatment and
blackwater treatment.
Greywater is water which would normally go to sewer from sources which
are low risk relative to pathogens, chemicals and viruses - such as the
water from the roof or hand basins. This water may only require low level
treatment before it can be re-used for applications such as irrigation.
Higher level treatment technologies can allow greywater to be re-used
for toilet flushing.
Blackwater is generally defined as water that has been mixed with faecal
waste or water with a dangerous chemical content such as waste from
cooling towers. Blackwater requires more intensive biological, chemical
or physical treatment and disinfection before re-use. Blackwater treatment
systems can treat water to Grade A standards, meaning that the treated
water can be used for any purpose (although potable use is typically
avoided).
Some applications where greywater and blackwater have recently been
treated and re-used in residential building designs in Australia include:
• Irrigation;
• Toilet flushing;
• Clothes washing
Storage is important as it maximises the usefulness of greywater.
Greywater is to be treated and disinfected before storage. Storage
requirements will depend on the:
• Climate;


• Demand for re-use water;

• Presence/size of disposal area; and
• Maximum daily greywater output.
How the Sewage Calculator works
The points are determined using the DCP Sewage Calculator Checklist
and are based on the water efficiency of the fixtures/fittings less any
reduction of flow to sewer through the use of greywater or blackwater
treatment/recycling systems, as follows:
Shower Use Water Consumption Sewage for 1 Point 2 Points 3 Points 4 Points
(% Tenant Use) for 2A Rated Fittings Base Case 20% 40% 60% 80%
(L/day/person) (L/day/person) Reduction Reduction Reduction Reduction
No Showers 221.1 221.1 176.88 132.66 88.44 44.22
Installed
Table of criteria for DCP Sewage CalculatorChecklist
The benchmark set for the reduction in sewage is based on a building

with all fixtures and fittings having a 2A water efficiency rating. The credits
are then based on a percentage reduction of sewage against this base
case building, as shown in the table below.
The steps for using the DCP Sewage Calculator Checklist are as follows:
1) Enter the No. of each apartment size, in terms of bedrooms. The
DCP Sewage Calculator Checklist uses this information to make an
estimate of the number of occupants in the residential building
2) Select from the drop-down list the appropriate description of the
water efficiency rating for the WCs, showers, taps, washing machines
and dishwashers.
3) Nominate whether the WCs, showers, taps, washing machines
and dishwashers or used to source greywater or blackwater, as
applicable.
If there is no water recycling at all then NO additional input is required.
The reduction in sewer flow is based on the reduction in water use of the
fixtures/fittings and this is compared against the base case (2A rated)
building.
If any of the water uses supply a greywater recycling system then enter
the daily capacity of the system and for which end-uses the recycled
greywater is used. The Checklist uses the daily system capacity and
recycling end-uses to ascertain the reduced flow to sewer attributable to
the greywater system.
If a blackwater system is used to recycling WC waste water then enter
the daily capacity of the system and the percentage of blackwater that is
returned as A-grade quality water
Typically, the point allocation is as follows:
• A 2A rated building with no recycling system = 0 points;
• A 3A rated building with no recycling system = 1 point;



• A 4A rated building with 100% greywater collection and reuse = 2
points;
• A 5A rated building with 100% greywater and blackwater collection
and reuse = 3 points;
• A 5A rated building with no dishwasher spaces, 100% greywater and
blackwater collection and reuse = 4 points;
Background
Wastewater from buildings places a significant demand on public
infrastructure and the local environment. Figures from the Water Services
Association of Australia highlight that the majority of wastewater is
disposed to coastal waters (72%); inland waters received 17% of
wastewater in 1994.
Wastewater disposed to waterways can be a significant source of
pollution. As a result, wastewater represents a polluting emission from
the development and minimisation of this emission is encouraged through
this credit.
In most cases, the vast proportion of the wastewater is water, which has
the potential to be re-used and which makes the treatment waste more
expensive. Despite this, according to available data, only 1% of the total
wastewater was re-used in 1994.

The Water Services Association of Australia
http://www.wsaa.asn.au/
The National Water Conservation Rating and Labelling Scheme:
http://www.wsaa.asn.au/frameset2.html
NSW Department of Health
http://www.health.nsw.gov.au/public-health/ehb/wastewater/index.html
http://www.health.nsw.gov.au/public-health/ehb/wastewater/resi_use_
reclaimed_water.pdf
SaveWater
South Australia Department of Human Services
Greywater Management
http://www.dhs.sa.gov.au/pehs/branches/wastewater/greywater03.pdf
Wastewater Management
http://www.dh.sa.gov.au/pehs/branches/wastewater/wastewater-legis.
htm
EPA Victoria
Onsite wastewater systems information


http://www.epa.vic.gov.au
http://www.epa.vic.gov.au/localgov/
CSIRO
Urban Water Systems and Technology
http://www.cmit.csiro.au/research/urbanwater/
Conference Proceedings – Designing for a Sustainable Future
Greywater Reuse: Some Options for Western Australia:
http://www.rosneath.com.au/ipc6/ch08/a
http://www.rosneath.com.au/ipc6/ch08/anda/index.html


EMI-7 LIGHT POLLUTION

Aim of Credit
To encourage and recognise lighting design that reduces pollution from the
unnecessary dispersion of light into the night sky and onto neighbouring
property.
Credit Criteria
One point is awarded where it is demonstrated that no light beam is
directed beyond the site boundaries or upwards without falling directly on
a surface with the explicit purpose of illuminating that surface.
Stage One DA
DA Checklist.
Stage Two DA
DA Checklist.
• A copy of the section in the specification referring to external lighting
which stipulates that these criteria must be met;
• A report from the lighting engineer describing the external lighting
on the site, the areas illuminated, and calculations and diagrams
to demonstrate that no light spill is impacting the night sky or
neighbouring properties in accordance with AS 4282-1997; and
• A copy of drawings showing the external lighting design described in
the Lighting Engineer Report.
for council.
• A report from the lighting engineer describing the external lighting on
site, areas illuminated, and calculations and diagrams to demonstrate
that no light spill is impacting the night sky or neighbouring properties
in accordance with AS4282 Control of the Obtrusive Effects of
Outdoor Lighting and referring to the documents below:
o As-installed external lighting drawings showing the fittings
used;


o Sub contractor certification verifying that these lights were

installed as per the drawings and also demonstrating that the
fittings used in the calculations were installed.
for council.
Additional Guidance
This credit applies only to external lighting. Where the credit is achieved,
there is to be no point in the sky hemisphere which looks directly at a light
source.
Light reflected off external surfaces (which do not form part of the light
fitting) is not considered as light spill for the purposes of the credit.
Light fittings that have an opaque canopy or polished asymmetrical
reflectors will meet the requirements for the awarding of this credit.
AS 4282-1997 Control of the Obtrusive Effects of Outdoor Lighting
provides guidance on how to achieve this credit.
Background
Light travelling up into the night sky (sky glow) or spilling on to neighbouring
properties is a form of pollution. Light pollution harms the environment in
many ways, including:
• Its effect on migratory birds. Nocturnal birds use the moon and stars
for navigation and can become disorientated. In the US birds often
crash into brilliantly-lit broadcast towers or buildings, or circle them
until they drop from exhaustion.
• It can disrupt biological rhythms and otherwise interfere with the
behaviour of nocturnal animals and insects.
• Urban sky glow hinders professional and amateur astronomy and
deprives the public of its view of the night sky.
• Greenhouse gases are emitted merely to light the night sky.

Standards Australia
AS 4282-1997 Control of the Obtrusive Effects of Outdoor Lighting
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)
IEC 60364-7-714 Ed. 1.0 b (1996): Electrical Installations of Buildings -
Part 7: Requirements for Special Installations or Locations - Section 714:
External Lighting Installations
http://www.iec.ch/
Illuminating Engineering Society of North America
IESNA Recommended Practice Manual: Lighting for Exterior
Environments
http://www.iesna.org


International Dark-Sky Association

http://www.darksky.org
The Urban Wildlands Group (U.S.)
http://www.urbanwildlands.org
Fatal Light Awareness Program (U.S.)
http://www.flap.org


EMI-8 COOLING TOWERS

Aim of Credit
To encourage and recognise building systems design which eliminates
the risk of Legionnaire’s disease from cooling towers.
Credit Criteria
One point is awarded where it is demonstrated that there are no cooling
towers serving the building.
Stage One DA
DA Checklist.
Stage Two DA
DA Checklist.
and/or Individual refrigeration systems, and submit the following item as
AND
• A copy of appropriate as built drawings that show the heat rejection
systems for the building cooling systems (where the building design
includes the requirement for heat rejection)
AND
• A copy of appropriate as built drawings that show the heat rejection
systems for the building cooling systems (where the building design
includes the requirement for heat rejection)


Additional Guidance
There are a number of alternatives to cooling towers for buildings with heat
rejection requirements. Alternatives which have already been applied on
projects in Australia include:
• Air-cooled heat rejection;
• Harbour heat rejection;
• River heat rejection; and
• Ground heat rejection.
Background
Colonisation and growth of bacterium Legionella (the causative agent
for Legionnaires’ disease) can take place in any water-based system
if the water is warm and supplied with nutrients. Such organisms can
be transported outside the cooling tower within drift aerosol. There is
evidence that the inhalation of such drift containing Legionella is a means
of infection.
In Philadelphia in 1976, the American Legion held a bi-centennial
conference to celebrate the 200 year anniversary of the signing of the
Declaration of Independence from Britain. The Legion is an organisation
of ex-servicemen, similar to the Australian RSL. More than 180 delegates,
all staying at the same hotel, developed an acute illness. The final toll
was 34 deaths; some were simply passers-by in the street. Initially the
cause of their illness was unknown, with food poisoning a major suspect.
We now know that they had Legionnaires’ disease, a form of pneumonia
or infection of the lung. The cause of Legionnaires’ disease is a family of
bacteria and, as such, it is a micro-organism not a virus. This distinction is
important when it comes to treatment because few viral diseases respond
to antibiotics, whereas most bacterial diseases do.
Legionella pneumophila is the name scientists gave to the bacterium but
there are at least 50 other species, all closely related. Incubation in the lung
is slow and may not be detected until a few days after infection. Growth in
cooling towers can also be relatively slow. While the spread of Legionella
can be prevented by the biocide effect of appropriate disinfectants in
cooling towers, this requires significant maintenance regimes including:
• Water quality and treatment frequency;
• Frequency and methods of cleaning of cooling towers;
• Frequency of testing for total bacteria;
• Use of testing for Legionella;
• Follow-up actions if Legionella or high total bacterial counts are
detected;
• Disinfection of the system during periods of disuse;
• Decontamination of cooling towers in the event of outbreaks or
notification of Legionnaires’ disease;
• Maintenance and availability of records; and
• Auto-dosing and drift eliminators (subject to consultation with
industry).


Legislation, guidelines and responsible authorities vary from state to

state. However, while risks can be reduced by adequate maintenance
they cannot be eliminated altogether and therefore this credit rewards
buildings which do not contain any water-based cooling towers.

National Environmental Health Forum
Guidance for the Control of Legionella
http://www.dhs.sa.gov.au/pehs/publications/monograph-legionella.pdf
http://www.airah.org.au (click on ‘Legionella’)
Standards Australia
AS/NZS 3666.1:2002 Air-handling and Water Systems of Buildings -
Microbial Control - Design, Installation and Commissioning
Microbial Control - Operation and Maintenance
Microbial Control - Performance-based Maintenance of Cooling Water
Systems


EMI-9 SOLID FUEL HEATERS

Aim of Credit
To encourage and recognise building design that encourages the use
of cleaner energy sources by not supporting the utilisation of solid fuel
heaters such as wood burning heaters or stoves.
Credit Criteria
One point is awarded where it is demonstrated that solid fuel heaters are
not installed in the residential development.
Stage One DA
DA Checklist.
Stage Two DA
DA Checklist.
• Provide the BASIX certificate and the heating system nominated on
it.
for council.
• Provide the BASIX certificate and the heating system nominated on
it.
for council.
Additional Guidance
This credit does not allow the installation of any type of heating device
that uses a solid fuel such as wood, paper products, brickettes, biomass
or coal.
The following list provides examples of the types of heaters that are not
acceptable under this credit criterion.
• Slow or normal combustion heater


• Pot belly stove

• Open fireplace
Heaters which use electricity, LPG or natural gas as the form of energy
used to provide heat are acceptable.
Background
Smoke and combustion gases from solid fuel heaters contribute to air
pollution, which can exacerbate existing health problems such as asthma,
chronic bronchitis and other respiratory conditions.
Wood smoke contains a range of pollutants (including some which are
carcinogenic) which can be harmful to your health. The particles in wood
smoke are very small and are readily inhaled into the lungs.
A poorly operated solid fuel heater can also release particles, dioxins and
volatile organic compounds into the indoor air. When inhaled these are
potentially toxic and detrimental to health.
Dr James Markos, Respiratory Physician and Chairman of the Tasmanian
Branch of the Australian Lung Foundation, states that:
“There is no safe level of exposure to particle pollution. Over many years,
exposure has similar long-term consequences to environmental tobacco
smoke, including the risk of lung cancer and heart disease”.
Solid fuel heaters are also generally less energy efficient than electric and
gas heating.

Sustainable Energy Authority Victoria
http://www.sustainable-energy.vic.gov.au
Canberra Connect
http://www.canberraconnect.act.gov.au
The Australian Lung Foundation
http://www.lungnet.com.au/


EMI-10 INSULANT ODP
EMI-10 INSULANT ODP

Aim of Credit
To encourage and recognise designs which reduce the potential for
long-term damage to the Earth’s stratospheric ozone layer from ozone
depleting substances used in the manufacture or composition of thermal
insulation.
Credit Criteria
One point is awarded where it can be demonstrated that the specification
of thermal insulation avoids the use of ozone depleting substances in
both its manufacture and composition.
Stage One DA
DA Checklist.
Stage Two DA
DA Checklist.
• A copy of the sections of the architectural and building services
specifications which list the requirement for all insulation to be free of
ozone depleting substances in both manufacture and composition.
for council.
• Fill in the checklist for all uses of insulation.
• You must file and keep evidence that insulation has an ODP (Ozone
Depletion Potential) of zero.
• You must file and keep supplier certification proving that the zero
ODP insulation was delivered to site.
• You must file and keep certification from the sub-contractor
confirming that the zero ODP insulation was installed in the building
as specified.
Note that for the last 3 items documented evidence is only required to be
submitted if audited.


EMI-10 INSULANT ODP

for council.
Additional Guidance
Substances that have an Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP) of greater than
zero are to be avoided in the manufacture of all thermal insulants whilst
satisfying all other criteria for their purpose. This includes insulation in the
following uses:
Building services including: chilled water pipework, refrigerant pipework,
ductwork, hot and cold water pipes and water tanks, etc.
Where specified, building fabric including walls, roof, floor, window frames,
doors, cavity closures, and lintels.
The manufacturing process of thermal insulants changes regularly;
manufacturer data will need to be consulted by the design and specification
team in order to achieve compliance.
Alternatives to insulation manufactured and blown with ozone depleting
substances are available for almost all insulation applications.
Background
Some thermal insulants are manufactured with blowing agents that
can cause long-term damage to the Earth’s stratospheric ozone layer,
exposing living organisms to harmful radiation from the sun. Ozone
depletion is measured as the ODP of a product, and is dependent on its
chlorine content, plus factors such as molecular durability.
Following the Montreal Protocol the production of Chlorofluorocarbons
(CFCs) is now banned. Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) are ozone
depleting but have a much lower ODP than CFCs, and are considered a
transitional chemical to aid the CFC phase-out. CFCs are commonly used
as refrigerants, solvents and blowing agents for plastic foam manufacture,
and are scheduled to be phased out by 2020.
Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), are used as blowing agents and have
the advantage of being non-ozone-depleting (since they don’t contain
chlorine or bromine), but they are significant greenhouse gases. Most
HFCs are also expensive to manufacture. An alternative is a hydrocarbon
blowing agent, usually pentane.

Ozone Protection
Commonwealth Legislation
http://www.deh.gov.au/atmosphere/ozone/legislation/commonwealthleg.
html
Operation of the Ozone Protection Act 1989
http://www.deh.gov.au/about/annual-report/02-03/reports-ozone.html
Ozone Secretariat

Draft Ecological Sustainable DCP 2007

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City of Sydney

Draft Ecological Sustainable

Prepared by City of Sydney

This DCP commenced operation on ....

© City of Sydney December 2007

Schedule 1 – Background to City of Sydney ESD rating Sch.1 - 1

© City of Sydney December 2007

1.2 Area to which the plan applies

1 Minister’s consent authority - Development

Copyright © 2006 City of Sydney and

Figure 1: The City of Sydney Local Government Area

1.4 Relationship to other Environmental Planning Instruments

© City of Sydney December 2007 1

This DCP generally complements the provisions of the relevant

Leichhardt DCP 2000

South Sydney Urban Design DCP 1997

2 © City of Sydney December 2007

2.2 Application of this DCP

Non Residential Development

© City of Sydney December 2007 3

ii) other non-residential

4 © City of Sydney December 2007

Certifying Authority Refers to the person or organisation that is

© City of Sydney December 2007 5

Net letable Area As outlined in the Property Council of Australia

6 © City of Sydney December 2007

3.1 Environmental Rating tools

© City of Sydney December 2007 7

Environment and Climate Change’s (DECC) Australian Building

8 © City of Sydney December 2007

(vii) Accredited Professional means a person accredited by the Green

© City of Sydney December 2007 9

(vi) Uses renewable energy sources and materials where

10 © City of Sydney December 2007

• Use energy efficiently;

© City of Sydney December 2007 11

Equipment and Appliances

12 © City of Sydney December 2007

© City of Sydney December 2007 13

• To monitor water use, establish targets and to foster performance

14 © City of Sydney December 2007

© City of Sydney December 2007 15

16 © City of Sydney December 2007

© City of Sydney December 2007 17

Table 1 Greywater Reuse Options Permitted According to Treatment*

Treatment Greywater Reuse Application

22) All sub-soil and sub-surface irrigation is to be a minimum of 100mm

3.4 Stormwater and Water Sensitive Urban Design

18 © City of Sydney December 2007

• Incorporate principles of water sensitive urban design into

© City of Sydney December 2007 19

Minor Drainage Systems

20 © City of Sydney December 2007

© City of Sydney December 2007 21

Table 2 Baseline Pollutant Criteria

Pollutant Required Reduction from Post

24) To satisfy the ‘Baseline’ pollutant load condition, proposed

22 © City of Sydney December 2007

e. Retaining existing trees;

© City of Sydney December 2007 23

Stormwater Detention/Open Space

Site where stormwater