KINETIC THEORY AND GAS LAWS

1. Convert the following

(a) At what temperature does water freeze, in Kelvin?
(b) What is room temperature in Kelvin, typical room temperature is 20 oC.?
(c) What temperature is 400 K on the Celsius scale?

2. State what happens in the situations shown in the diagram. Explain your answer using ideas about
particles.

3. Explain the following:

(a) you put a lid on a jar in a kitchen where the air temperature is 20 oC. The jar is left out in the
winter, and the air temperature drops to -5 oC. Explain what happens to the air pressure in the
cold jar?
(b) Explain why it might be more difficult to remove the lid

4. A fixed amount of gas occupies a volume of 500 m3 when under a pressure of 100 kPa. Calculate the
volume that tis amount of gas will occupy when its pressure is increased to 125kPa. What did you
need to assume about the temperature of the gas.
5. Atmospheric pressure is 100 kPa. Some air in sealed container has a volume of 2 m3 at atmospheric
pressure. What would be the pressure of the air if you reduced its volume to 0.2 m3?
6. At standard temperature and pressure, that is 0 oC and 1.01 x 105 Pa pressure, the density of oxygen is
1.43 kg m-3.

Oxygen is stored in a container of volume 3.87 m3, at a pressure of 2.02 x 105 Pa and at a temperature
of 25 oC.

(a) What volume would the same mass of oxygen occupy at ‘standard temperature and
pressure’? Calculate the mass of oxygen in the container.
(b) The container is now heated to 45 oC. What will be the new pressure? Assume the container
does not expand.
(c) Sketch a graph against of pressure against KELVIN temperature for the gas. Indicate on the
graph the original temperature and pressure.

7. A student investigates the relationship between the volume and temperature of a fixed mass of gas at
a constant pressure of 1 atm. The results obtained are shown below:

(a) With the aid of a diagram, describe a method the student could have used to obtain her
results.
(b) Plot a graph of volume, V, (y-axis) against temperature, T (x-axis). The axes have been
drawn for you. The scale for the x axis should include the range - 300 oC to + 300 oC with 50
o
C per division label. The graph line of V against T. Line 1.
(c) From the graph, determine V1 the volume of the gas at minus 120 degrees Celsius.
(d) At what temperature is the volume 2V1?
(e) The term in the slope S of the graph. Include its units.
(f) From your graph, read To the temperature at which your volume would be zero and explain
the significance of To.