Barangay

Nutrition
Action Plan
2023 – 2025

Barangay of

TACUB
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………i
LIST OF TABLES………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………ii
LIST OF FIGURES……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………iii
ACRONYMS…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..iv
MESSAGE FROM THE BARANGAY CAPTAIN…………………………………………………………………………………...v
RESOLUTION APPROVING THE BNAP 2023-2025……………………………………………………………………………vi
BARANGAY NUTRITION COMMITTEE……………………………………………………………………………………………vii
BNC ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE………………………………………………………………..………………………….viii
I. INTRODUCTION …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………1
II. NUTRITION SITUATION ANALYSIS………………………………………………………………………………………………2
BARANGAY PROFILE…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………2
a. Historical Background………………………………………………………………………………………………………..2
b. Geographical Location & Topography………………………………………………………………………………..3
c. Demographic Profile………………………………………………………………………………………………………….3
d. Vulnerable Population…………………………………………………..………………………………………………….4
e. Climate and Disaster Profile………………………………………………………………………………………………4
f. Hazard Information……………………………………………………………………………………………………………5
NUTRITION SITUATION AND CHALLENGES……………………………………………………………………………….6
Status of Malnutrition……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..7
Consequences and Causes of Malnutrition………………………………………………………………………………9
The First 1,000 Days…………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………11
Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………….14
III. VISION, MISSION, GOALS AND TARGETS……………………………………………………………………………………15
IV. BARANGAY IMPLEMENTATION PLAN………………………………………………………………………………………..17
V. IMPLEMENTATION AND COORDINATION ARRANGEMENTS………………………………………………………25
VI. MONITORING AND EVALUATION……………………………………………………………………………………………..27
ANNEX……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……30
Directory of Members of the Barangay Nutrition Committee……………………………………30

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1.1 Number of household, families and population ----------------------------------3

Table 1.2 Number of Senior Citizen ---------------------------------------------------------------3

Table 1.3 Number of 0-59 Months old Children -----------------------------------------------3

Table 1.4 Number of pregnant Women ---------------------------------------------------------3
Table 1.5 Disaster or emergency historical events in the community--------------------4
Table 1.6 Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment-----------------------------------------4

Table 1.7 Malnutrition Prevalence among 0-59 months old children of

Barangay Tacub for the year 2020 – 2022--------------------------------------7
Table 2. 2022 Prevalence of Malnutrition among Puroks of Barangay Tacub------7
Table 3. Selected Indicators of Services and Care during the F1K-------------------------8
Table 4. 2023-2025 BNAP Outcome Targets ----------------------------------------------------9
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1. Trend of Malnutrition Prevalence among 0-59 months old of Barangay

Tacubl.------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7-

Figure 2. Public Health Significance Assessment of Stunting per Purok based on WHO cut-off
Values-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7

Figure 3. 3-Year Trend of Malnutrition among School Children in Barangay

Tacub (BMI)---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------12

Figure 4. Prevalence of Malnutrition among School Children in Tacub by

Grade Level for SY 2019-2020-----------------------------------------------------------------13
Figure 5. Causes and Consequences of Malnutrition in Barangay Tacub---------------------10

Figure 6. Trends in the Prevalence of Stunting from Birth up to 2 Years of Age-----------------9

 ACRONYMS

BHW – Barangay Health Worker

BNC – Barangay Nutrition Committee
BNS – Barangay Nutrition Scholar
BNAP – Barangay Nutrition Action Plan
BNSAP – Barangay Nutrition Scholar Action Plan
DILG – Department of the Interior and Local Government
DOH – Department of Health
FHSIS – Field Health Service Information System
FNRI – Food and Nutrition Research Institute
F1K – First 1,000 Days
GIDA – Geographically Isolated and Disadvantaged Areas
IFA – Iron Folic Acid
IP – Indigenous People
LGU – Local Government Unit
LNAP – Local Nutrition Action Plan
LNC – Local Nutrition Committee
MNAO – Municipal Nutrition Committee
MNC _ Municipal Nutrition Committee
NDHS – National Demographic and Health Survey
NEDA – National Economic and Development Authority
NGO – Non-government Organizations
NiEm – Nutrition in Emergencies
NAO – Nutrition Action Officer
NNC – National Nutrition Council
NNS – National Nutrition Survey
PDP – Philippine Development Plan
PNC – Provincial Nutrition Committee
PPAN – Philippine Plan of Action for Nutrition
RPAN – Regional Plan of Action for Nutrition

Republic of the Philippines

Province of Davao del Sur
Municipality of Kiblawan
Barangay Tacub

MESSAGE FROM THE BRGY CAPTAIN

Greetings of Peace!

Good day to everyone! As a Punong Barangay in Barangay Tacub, I am very much thankful to the
Barangay Nutrition Program and Barangay Nutrition Action Plan(BNAP) because through this
program we can easily identify what really is the basic problem and the needs of the constituents of
my barangay especially the target age group which 0-59 months, and through this, we will be able to
address their needs. We will be able to know who are the less fortunate, where they are located and
why they are poor. Through the BNAP we will know the real picture of the barangay. And to the
facilitators of this program thank you very much for your cooperation, effort, even though our
barangay is in the remote area but you do your best in order to collect all data needed in my
barangay. I hope that this program not only from the start but till the end. Thank you and God bless.

Thank you and more power,

EDDIE M. BETIL SR.

Punong Barangay/BNC Chairman
 Republic of the Philippines
Province of Davao del Sur
Municipality of Kiblawan
Barangay Tacub

RESOLUTION APPROVING THE BNAP 2023-2025

RESOLUTION ADOPTING THE BARANGAY NUTRITION ACTION PLAN (BNAP)

OF BARANGAY TACUB, FOR CY 2023-2025

WHEREAS, endorsed the consideration by this body is the proposed Barangay Action
Plan (BNAP) for CY 2023-2025 containing there in several programs projects and activities
deemed necessary to attain the development thrust of the health and nutrition sector;

WHEREAS, under nutrition is largely prevalent among young children and women
likewise nor nutrition is also prevalent among adults.

WHEREAS, effectively address the lingering problem of malnutrition is a plan of action

for nutrition (BNAP) the formulated budget was approved for entire period of 3 years
including monitoring, implementation and other activities done.

WHEREAS, the Barangay Tacub has formulated the Barangay Nutrition Action Plan
for CY 2023-2025 consistent with the goals and objectives of (BNAP) the Barangay Nutrition
Plan.
 RESOLVED, that the Barangay Councils acting on the favorable recommendation of
the committee on finance, ways and means and appropriation, hereby adopt the Barangay
Nutrition Plan (BNAP) for CY 2023-2025.

RESOLVED FURTHER, the copies of this resolution of Barangay Nutrition Action Plan,
be furnished to the Barangay Councils, and all concerned officers for their information and
guidance.
ATTESTED BY:
RAMAJADE BINUHAY
BRGY. SECRETARY CERTIFIED TO BE ADOPTED BY:
EDDIE M. BETIL SR.

Barangay Captain

BARANGAY NUTRITION COMMITTEE

CHAIRPERSON
Barangay Captain Eddie M. Betil Sr.

MEMBERS:

a. Councilor on Health and Nutrition

- MR. Roberto C. Bansalan

b. President of the Rural Improvement Club (RIC)

-Mr. Roberto C. Bansalan

c. President, Parents and Teachers Association (PTA)

-MR. Jenezer T. Malumpong

d. Head/President, local organizations (WOMENS)

-MS. Jessica D. Betil

e. SK Chairperson
-MS. Joyienth Jane R. Alando

f. Barangay Nutrition Scholar

-MS.Marygrace M. Salip
-MS. Anabelle L. Cole
g. Day Care Worker
-MS. Lolita S. Buat
- MS. Lianne Rose G. Calay

h. Barangay Nutrition Action Officer (BNAO)

-BRGY. CAPT. Eddie M. Betil Sr.

i. School Principal
-MR. Fringie P. Linao, LPT(Elementary)
-MR. Reynante C. Tampipi, LPT(Highschool)
j. Agriculture Technician
-MR. Gilmark Omagac

k. Nurse Deployment Prorgram(HRH)

-MR. Sherwin U. Lestano,RN

l. Others as may be identified:

 AGRICULTURE
- MR. Jessie S. Parasan

 DEPED
-MR. Dante C. Matingue

 LIVELIHOOD
-MR.Myrna A. Binohay

 INFRASTRUCTURE DEPARTMENT
-MR. Jenezer T. Malumpong

 YOUTH AND SPORTS DEVELOPMENT

MR. Jenezer T. Malumpong

 PEACE AND ORDER

-MR. Maximo C. Sana

 IPMR
-MR. Suana P. Salutan
 BNC ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE

BRGY. CAPTAIN EDDIE M.

BETIL SR.
(BNC Chair)
MARY GRACE M. SALIP
ANABELLE L. COLE
ROBERTO C. BANSALAN
Barangay Nutrition Scholar
Councilor on Health, Nutrition (BNS)
and Environmental Sanitation
(BNC Vice-Chair)

 Kagawad on Agriculture  Nurse(NWSS-HRH)  PTA President

-JESSIE S. PARASAN - SHERWIN U. LESTANO -JENEZER T.
 Kagawad on Education  Day care Worker MALUMPONG
and Training -LOLITA S. BUAT  Women’s
-DANTE C. MATINGUE -LIANNE ROSE G. CALAY Organization
 Kagawad on Livelihood  School Principal -JESSICA D. BETIL
-MYRNA A. BINOHAY -FRINGIE P. LINAO(ELEM.)
 Kagawad on -REYNANTE C.
Infrastructure TAMPIPI(HS)
Development
 I. INTRODUCTION

Malnutrition is associated with half of child mortality in the Philippines and more than half of
child morbidity.

Stunting in particular affects 4.6 million under five-year-old children equivalent to every one
in three Filipino children today. The negative impact of stunting on the brain development of the
child is well established. The brain of stunted children is 40 percent smaller than those of the
normal child. And the frontal lobe responsible for analysis, communication and memory are severely
degraded in the brains of stunted children. On the other hand, individuals with reduced functioning
of the ventral prefrontal cortex of the brain, especially during childhood, tend to have severe
antisocial behavior and impaired moral judgment.

All told, the children who survived but had stunting when they were 0-24 months old have
finished less schooling years, less Income from work and have less healthy families. The cost of
malnutrition in the Philippines is about 4B US dollars every year roughly about 3 percent of our GDP.
The cost is like having a Yolanda every year devastating the country’s precious assets – our young
people and future citizens.

Stunting is not the only form of malnutrition affecting our country. Wasting also affects
about 1 million children equivalent to 7.8 percent of children under five. The Philippines is second
to shortest in ASEAN, 9 in the global burden in stunting and 10 in wasting. Overweight and obesity
th th

is on the rise among children 0-5 years old and several micronutrient deficiencies are above public
health norms of the WHO including Vitamin A, iron deficiency and iodine.

The war against stunting and malnutrition cannot be won without the LGUs in the Philippines
joining hands and taking action in their respective locality.

Thus, the Barangay Nutrition Action Plan for 2023-2025 is formulated by the leadership of
the Barangay Captain with the Barangay Nutrition Committee members to contribute the desired
outcomes of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG).

II. NUTRITION SITUATION ANALYSIS

BARANGAY PROFILE

a. Historical Background

Originally, Tacub was a sitio of Barangay Balasiao. It was created as the 26 th

barangay of Kiblawan on February 21, 1970. It was named Tacub because there
was a stone that resembles a bivalves where water pours out. When you reach the
place where this stone is located you can say you are now in Tacub which is in sitio
Bob-the first settlement. The head of this settlement was Mino Cablab and families of
Masday, Ogan Sana, Calay, Kong and Dambong Salda. The first appointed
barangay captain was Salvador Calma, however because of the peace and order
situation, he turned-over the leadership to Malangay Salutan.

Later this time, as the population grows the source of water become
insufficient, so Malangay Salutan transferred to sitio Lafayan, which means
uncontaminated water, an area owned by Lafnayan Sinaya. In 1972, it was agreed
between the Malangay Salutan families, Lafnayan Sinaya, Wata, Calay, Ogan Sana,
Masday, Salda Bilala and Cablab to make Datal Lafayan as the barrio site.

The first appointed barangay captain was Malangay Salutan with his
appointed barangay officials namely: Beres Calay, Jose Alando, Francisco
Matingue, Verilio Dutchilla, and Vicente Dialang. During this time most of the houses
were made of round timber using bamboo as walling, and cogon as the roof. They
used rattan to bind the timber and bamboo, since there is no nail. At that time, there
were only 50 houses. The people were dependent on agriculture using a piece of
round wood. Some people went hunting for wild animals such as pig and monkey.

After the leadership of Malangay Salutan the First Elected Barangay Captain
was Martin B. Pandian from 1985 to 2007 with his elected Barangay Officials namely
Daniel Betil, Suana Salutan, Libanggo Bansalan, Andres Luis, Martinez Alando and
from 2007 to 2018 the daughter of Martin B. Pandian who is the late Mercidita
Pandian Elivera continue the very promising leadership of her dad.
From 2018 to 2019 Martin B. Pandian Succesfully won the Barangay election
as Barangay Captain with his Barangay Kagawad Mercidita Eliver, Eddie M. Betil Sr,
Myrna A. BInuhay, Jenezer T. Malumpong, Roberto Bansalan, Maximo C, Sana and
Dante S. Matingue.. 2019 were Mercidta Elivera won as Sangguniang Bayan
Member of the Municipality of Kiblawan and Turned over her position to his Son Clint
Dave P. Elivera, unfortunately Hon. Elivera passed away and Turned over the
Position to her Dad Martin B. Pandian. Since,Hon. Pandian moved to the higher
position Eddie M. Betil sr appointed as the Punong Barangay of Barangay TAcub
until Present.

b. Geographical Location and Topography

Barangay Tacub is located in southern part of the municipality of Kiblawan, which is

27 kilometers away from the Poblacion. It has a total land area of 5,137 hectares,
wherein 40% is plain and 60% hilly mountains.
 It is bounded by barangay Balasiao and barangay Pasig on the east, by
barangay Kimlawis on the west, by barangays Bulol-salo, Malabod, Malungon,
Sarangani Province in the south, and on the north by barangays Kisulan and Cogon
Bacaca.

It has seven (7) puroks namely : Purok I which is Centro, Purok 2 – Alsok,
Purok 3-Pasig, Palina and Patadyong, Purok 4- Bob, Skaget, Bulol-Kling, Purok 5-
Lamkwah, Tanel, Datal Saob, Lamknabag, Purok 6- Bambe, Dalmandang and Purok
7- Tanel, Ulo Buo, Kadlem, Panipil, Lamandang and Kyamo.

c. Demographic Profile

Barangay Demographic Profile is a set of information gathered on the

basis of statistical studies pertaining to the characteristics of the
various inhabitants of the Barangay. It can analyze the Barangay’s
population dynamics in terms of size and structure by determining
changes in birth, death, aging, sex, gender and aging in a certain
period of time. Barangay Demographic Profile does not only consist on
statistics about population alone but also considered statistics on
various facilities, business/ commercial establishments, education,
income, ethnicity, nationality, religion, water and electric supply,
private and public transportation, peace and order and garbage
collection system.

A. Educational Health and Service Facilities

The Barangay has a Elementary School named Tacub Elementary school

with 4 buildings, 2 buildings has 2 classrooms and 2 buildings has only one class
room and faculty office with total of 6 rooms in 4 buildings. It also has a newly
opened Gov. Nonito D. Llanos Sr. National High School Tacub- Extension Located at
Centro Tacub Kiblawan Davao del Sur. The building was donated by Sagittarius
Mines Incorporated (SMI) barrowed from the Barangay at Martin Pandian’s Lot with
1 building 3 rooms and 2 Comfort rooms with 1 Teacher Reynante C. Tampipi and 1
Local School Board ( LSB) Teacher Jessie Jade M. Salip.
It has 1 concrete day care center located at Centro Tacub and 1 makeshift
daycare center at sitio Bob. The barangay Tacub has its own concrete barangay hall,
1 covered court, 1 public market and multi-purpose building. It has 1 concrete health
center and a nurse on duty Monday to Fridays and has BHW’s, BNS and BSPO.

B. Mode of Public Transportation

Barangay Tacub is 7 kilometers from the provincial road, 36 kilometers to the
national high way (Padada). It is 25 kilometers to the nearest district hospital which is
the Poblacion of Kiblawan. Tacub can be reached by motorcycle, service cars and
trucks during dry season, while during rainy season it can be passed through
motorcycle and horse back riding.

C.Credit Institutions

The barangay has access to credit institution like Card, CCT, and ASA as
they come in the Barangay Once a week.

D.Water & Electric Supply

The Barangays has 4 solar panels and electricity which supplied by

DASURECO, the barangay is still on level 2 on water system and has an ongoing
level 3 water system constructed that will finish this May 2021.

E. Waste Management

At present, the barangay council has passed an ordinance mandating the

people in the barangay to place their segregated garbage in a common area
designated by the barangay or the Material recovery facility.
F.Peace and Order

Barangay Tacub has an outpost manned by the barangay officials and

barangay tanods. They conduct foot patrol every month, in order to discourage the
bad elements in coming and out of the barangay and to maintain the peace and
order in the barangay.

Considering its distance from the Poblacion, peace and order can be
considered stable. Barangay Tanods were organized and are responsible for the
maintenance of peace and order in the area.

G.Poverty
The results of the CBMS Survey showed that out of the five hundred fifty four
(554) households,four hundred ninety five (495) households or 89.35% have
income below poverty threshold or an income of P15,461 per annum. Purok 7 got
the highest number with 148 households out of 158 or 93.67% and the lowest is
Purok 3 with 43 households out of 47 or 91.49% This may be attributed to certain
customs and beliefs where women work more than men and most men do not do
hard labor. They just hope that the best will just come to them and not work hard
to attain it. The only family with income above the rest of the community is the
family where the Punong Barangay belongs.
NUTRITION SITUATION AND CHALLENGES

The nutrition situation of Barangay TACUB entails continued support to strengthen nutrition
program to address issues of undernutrition (such as stunting, wasting, and underweight),
overweight/obesity and the specific micronutrient deficiencies (lack of important vitamins and
minerals specifically vit. A, and iron) that seriously affect children and mothers.

The LGUs and other concerned authorities continue to assess, monitor, and to seek adequate
responses to this nutrition situation.

Children aged 0-59 months old nutritional status were determined based on the 3 indicators
classified under Child Growth Standards by the World Health Organization, as follows:

Under-nutrition is a condition which captures both past and present nutritional status. It is
the result of eating an inadequate quantity and quality of food over an extended period of time.
Undernutrition impairs the physical function of an individual to the point where he or she can no
longer maintain an adequate level of growth. Most vulnerable to undernutrition are the young
children and pregnant mothers.

Stunting/Low height-for-age is a condition in which the child’s height is less than expected
for his/her age (under height-for-age). It reflects chronic undernutrition or past nutritional status
caused by prolonged inadequate intake, recurrence of illness, or improper feeding practices.
 Wasting/thinness or low weight-for-height is a condition in which the weight of the child is
less than expected for his/her height (underweight-for-height). Wasting occurs with acute food
deprivation or presence of illness such as infection, or a combination of food lack and illness in the
immediate past nutritional status.

Over-nutrition is an imbalanced nutritional status resulting from excessive intake of

nutrients. Generally, over-nutrition generates an energy imbalance between food consumption and
energy expenditure leading to disorders such as obesity.

FIGURE 1.

3 YEAR Trend of Malnutrition Prevalence among 0-59 months old of

BARANGAY TACUB

13

11

2020 2021 2022

STUNTED 7 11 12 NaN
UNDERWEIGHT 7 6 5 NaN
WASTED 4 6 5 NaN
OVERWEIGHT & OBESITY 2 2 1 NaN
Status of Malnutrition (Answers of question no. 1-4)

The nutrition profile of Barangay TACUB indicated by the Operation Timbang (OPT)
Plus results showed cases of undernutrition and overnutrition among children in the
barangay. As shown in TABLE 1, from CY 2020-2022, the trend of malnutrition prevalence is
decreasing (decreasing, increasing, fluctuating) which manifests a positive outcome of the
interventions being implemented by the different sectors involved in nutrition program in the
barangay such as dietary supplementation, management of acute malnutrition, micronutrient
supplementation, promotion on infant and young child feeding and promotion on proper
hygiene. Further, the strong support of the Barangay Captain greatly affects the
improvement of nutrition situation.

TABLE 2.
2022 Prevalence of Malnutrition among Puroks of Barangay Tacub

PUROK OPT PLUS STUNTING UNDERWEIGHT WASTING OVERWEIGHT

COVERAGE AND OBESITY

1 41 100% 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2.4%

2 28 100% 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

3 17 100% 2 11% 0 0 0 0 0 0

4 64 100% 4 6.2% 2 3.1% 1 1.5% 0 0

5 28 100% 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

6 46 100% 3 6.5% 2 4.3% 1 2.7% 0 0

7 39 100% 3 7.0% 1 2.5% 3 7.6% 0 0

GRAND 263 100% 12 4.5% 5 1.9% 5 1.9% 1 0.3%
TOTAL

However, issues on malnutrition still remain especially on stunting. As reflected in

2022 OPT Plus result in Table 1, out of 263 0-59 months old children measured, 12 or 4.5
% were stunted, 5 or 1.9 % were underweight and 5 or 1.9 % were wasted. Overweight and
obesity affects 1 or 0.3 % children under-five. Among the puroks in the barangay, Purok 4
has the highest prevalence of stunted 0-59 months old children at 6.2 % followed by Purok 6
3 at 6.5%, Purok 3 ranked 3rd with incidence 2 at 11% while Puroks 1,2 and 5 has no
stunted children for 2022 OPT.

FIGURE 2.

Public Health Significance Assessment of Stunting per Purok based on WHO

cut-off values
 Barangay TACUB has low public health significance on stunting as shown
in Figure 2. It was observed that there are puroks with increased prevalence rate of stunting
from CY 2021 to 2022 that resulted to increase level of public health significance.

FIGURE 3.

3-Year Trend of Malnutrition among School Children in Barangay TACUB (BMI)

 30.00%

25.10% 25.10%
25.00%
23.37%

20.00%

15.00%

10.65% 10.65% 10.65%

10.00%
7.02% 7.02% 7.02%

5.00%

0.40% 0.60%
0.00%
0.00%
SY 2018-2019 SY2019-2020 SY2020-2021

STUNTED SEVERLY WASTED

WASTED OVERWEIGHT AND OBESE

Data revealed that prevalence of wasting in school children for the 3 succeeding
school years, SY 2018-2019, 2019-2020 and 2020-2021 were worse as shown in Figure 3
with 10.65%, 10.65%, 10.65% respectively. Noticeably, it has no increase of wasted
school children for 3 consecutive school years, the impact of Feeding Program in schools
could be the contributing factor. Moreover, the data shows no changes of wasted
schoolchildren from SY 2018-2020 hence reduction on prevalence on wasting among school
children was not sustained since it has no changes as what the data shows

Figure 4.
Prevalence of Malnutrition among School Children in Brgy. Tacub by
Grade Level for SY 2019-2020
 SPED

GRADE 6

GRADE 5

GRADE 4

GRADE 3

GRADE 2

GRADE 1

KINDERGARTEN

0.00% 2.00% 4.00% 6.00% 8.00% 10.00% 12.00% 14.00% 16.00%

OBESE OVERWEIGHT WASTED SEVERLY WASTED

Another aspect to poor nutrition and cause for concern is the prevalence of
overweight/obesity in school children population. SY 2019-2020 figures indicated that cases
for obesity reached at 1% among school children in the barangay including those under
SPED education.

For SY 2019-2020, Figure 4 shows that the prevalence of malnutrition among school
children by grade level wherein incidence of wasted was noticeably higher in Grade 2
(children below 5 years of age) at 12%, Grade 5 has the second highest prevalence at
12.50% and 10% under Grade 2 students. About 2% percent among Grade 6 has the least
percentage of wasting. However, high prevalence on obesity was noted among
schoolchildren under the Grade 3. Aside from wasting and obesity, prevalence of stunting
was also recorded in school children including those under SPED.

Consequences and Causes of Malnutrition

Barangay TACUB recognizes the multi-dimensional and multi-sectoral nature of the

malnutrition problem as reflected in Figure 5. This situation analysis note that malnutrition is
caused by the immediate factors of inadequate dietary intake and disease and by the
underlying causes of food insecurity, poor caring and feeding practices, unhealthy household
environment and poor health services. Due to low income, unemployment, and large family
size, there will be a low food availability in the household or limited food purchases that
happens which will cause malnutrition among the members of the household. In relation to
this cause, there is a fluctuation of cases for stunted, wasted, underweight and overweight &
obesity prevalence rate since 2020 up to present. These immediate and underlying causes
are, in turn, linked to basic causes that relate to the distribution of resources, as well as to
sociocultural, economic and political factors, among others.

Due to increasing prevalence rate of malnutrition, this will result to upsurge number of sick/ill
children because malnourish children is poor in resistance to infection. This will also affect
concentration of child in listening during classes because their stomach is empty or lack of
nutrients. Severe malnutrition may result to death if not treated and disregarded. Wide-
ranging changes in physiological function will occur in malnourished individual that will lead
to increased rates of morbidity and mortality. Malnourished individual will also result to poor
quality of life. Unhealthy environment and poor personal hygiene are some of the factors that
will cause malnutrition.

Figure 5.
Causes and Consequences of Malnutrition in Barangay TACUB
The First 1,000 Days
Malnutrition and its causes in the barangay may be best understood by focusing on the first
one thousand (1000) days of life or the period of pregnancy to the first two years of life.
Studies reveal that proper care and services for mothers and children, such as ante-natal
care, safe delivery, postnatal care, breastfeeding, and the adequate feeding and care for 6–
23-month-old children are critical to the prevention and reduction of stunting and other forms
of malnutrition. Table 3. presents selected indicators of care and services considered vital
for proper health and nutrition of pregnant/lactating mothers and their newborns/ infants
during this most critical period from gestation to first twenty-four months of life. The table
further shows the gaps in coverage of services and care for mothers and infants relative to
the standards of the First One Thousand Days Program (F1K) of the Department of Health
(FHSIS and NDHS data).

Table 3.
Selected Indicators of Services and Care during the F1K

Selected Indicators of Services and Care Municipality Barangay Source of

during the First 1000 Days TACUB Data

Proportion of pregnant women with four 95% RHIS 2022

or more prenatal visits (percent)
Proportion of pregnant women given 95% RHIS 2022
complete iron with folic acid
supplements
Proportion of pregnant women with 0% RHIS 2022
Body Mass Index (BMI) Below Normal or
nutritionally-at-risk
Percentage of women receiving two or 100% RHIS 2022
more tetanus toxoid injections during
last pregnancy
Percentage of births delivered in a health 100% RHIS 2022
facility
Percent of livebirths with birthweight 0% RHIS 2022
<2,500 grams (i.e. low birth weight)
Percentage of newborns initiated on 100% RHIS 2022
breastfeeding immediately after birth
Percentage of infants exclusively 100% RHIS 2022
breastfed until 5th month and 29 days
Percentage of infants who continued 100% RHIS 2022
breastfeeding and were introduced to
complementary feeding
Percentage of Infants 6-11 months old 100% RHIS 2022
who received micronutrient powder
(MNP)
Percentage of Children 12-23 months old 100% RHIS 2022
who received micronutrient powder
(MNP)
Percentage Distribution of Infants Aged 100% RHIS 2022
6-11 mos. given Vitamin A
Percentage of children aged 12-59 mos 100% RHIS 2022
given Vitamin A
Under the First 1,000 Days Program, interventions start with ensuring that a pregnant
woman is ready for motherhood and able to give birth to a healthy child. The RHIS report
showed that 0% of pregnant women were nutritionally-at risk and 100% went for four or
more prenatal visits. Percentage of service coverage among pregnant women given iron
folic supplements is 100% and 100% receiving two or more tetanus toxoid shots.

During the course of pregnancy, one of the most important decisions to make is where to
deliver the childbearing woman. Home deliveries may put both mother and newborn at risk
for infection. For quite some time 100% of childbearing women has given birth in a health
facility mostly in private lying-ins. Weight at birth determines survivability of a newborn; there
was 0% low-birth-weight babies (i.e., weighing less than 2,500 grams) occurred in year
2022.

The next crucial stage in a child’s nutritional care is its first two years of life. It is at this stage
that stunting can be prevented and mitigated, as thereafter it becomes irreversible. Various
interventions and health programs for the newborn and the young child are made available
and accessible. These include exclusive breastfeeding, infant immunization, complementary
feeding, micronutrient supplementation, and proper hygiene. Again, F1K program
implementation gaps and constraints remain.

The data showed that 100% infants were exclusively breastfed until 5 th month and 29 days
and also 100% of infants received complementary feeding and continue breastfeeding. This
is a reflection of good understanding of mothers to know the importance of exclusively
breastfeeding up to 6 months of age and beyond on infant and young child feeding
practices.

Lack of capacities in managing nutrition programs, non-availability of barangay nutrition

action plan, lack of budget, lack of monitoring and evaluation activities, and non-functional
barangay nutrition committee are other contributory factor that affects the achievement of
F1K nutritional outcome.

The sad nutritional situation continues to impact on the people and the barangay. Persistent
stunting and wasting among young children impede their survival, overall health and
development, and learning potential. These, in turn, will affect their ability to lead healthy and
productive lives as adults, and to ensure the overall well-being of future families in the
barangay.
Unless the major gaps in the compliance of the standards of F1K are addressed
immediately, the municipal, provincial, and regional outcomes in stunting and other
outcomes will prove elusive at the end of the PPAN period 2028.

Figure 6.

Trends in the Prevalence of Stunting from Birth up to 3 Years of Age

Source: OPT Plus report

STUNTING
5.5
4.5
3.5
2.5
1.5
0.5
2020 2021 2022

0-5months old 0 0 0 NaN

6-11months old 0 1 1 NaN
1year old 1 1 3 NaN
2 years old 3 4 4 NaN
3 years old 3 5 4 NaN

0-5months old 6-11months old 1year old

2 years old 3 years old

Figure 6. Shows the trend of stunting in the Barangay Tacub for the years 2020-2022
covering children 0-35 months old. Barangay data are used since it reflects the consolidated
data from LGUs and the pattern might be very similar to the conclusions in the table. There
are three evident conclusions from Figure 6 as follows:

 At age 0-5 months, the stunting level among children is already at the staggering
level of 2.6 percent. This is not surprising given the gaps of critical services and
inadequacies of commodities and dietary intake during pregnancy, and the coverage
of exclusive breastfeeding in the first six months of the child.
  From 2.6 percent at the age 0-5, there is sharp rise reaching 7.5 percent at the end
of 24th month of the child ascribable to the inadequate provision of nutrient dense
complementary food and continued breastfeeding from 6 months to 24 months.

 The stunting level of 7.7 percent plateaus at three years old showing stunting is
irreversible beyond the first 24 months.

The following scenario of stunting merits consideration:

 Stunted (or normal) children are produced during the first 1000 days of life (period
from pregnancy up to the first two years of the child). After 2 years of age stunting
is irreversible

 The brain of a stunted child has 40 percent less brain matter than that of a normal,
never-ever stunted child. The temporal lobe is affected significantly in the brain of
the stunted child. The temporal lobe which is responsible for perception and
comprehension, memory and language, is compromised.

 When stunting is not prevented in the first one thousand days, it persists/continues
to pre-school and school age, manifesting in other forms of malnutrition that follow,
such as wasting, underweight, overweight and obesity in later years.

 Stunted growth in early life increases the risk of overweight later in life. By
preventing stunting and promoting linear growth and preventing excessive weight
gain in young children, the risk of excessive weight gain and non-communicable
diseases in adulthood can be reduced.

In conclusion,

 Good nutrition early in life (particularly in the first 1,000 days) builds the foundation
for a child’s ability to grow, learn, and earn in the future. Children who get the right
health and nutrition in their first 1,000 days:
o are 10 times more likely to overcome life threatening diseases
o complete 4.6 more grades of school
o grow up to earn 21% more in wages as adults
o are more likely as adults to have healthier families
Global scientific evidence on the consequences of stunting and the impact of interventions
offers sound reasons for nutrition as a sound investment for poverty reduction and
sustainable social and economic development.

Well-nourished children become the healthy, educated, productive citizens of tomorrow.

Investing in their health and nutrition is investing in their future and in the future of the
barangay.
Conclusion

Improving programs around the first 1000 days seems most logical and intelligent use of
additional resources given already existing programs to work from; adjustments in the
preschool and school nutrition program is also feasible as they require relatively incremental
local investments. Strengthening of the enabling environment will require closer support and
resources from the LGUs especially in local government mobilization. The introduction of
nutrition sensitive programs in existing economic and livelihood as well as infrastructure
projects to short-cut the trickle-down approach is a must, given the poverty linked to
malnutrition.

The short term and medium-term landscape of all forms of malnutrition in the barangay can
be addressed by nutrition specific programs, majority of which are related to the health and
nutrition supportive programs. The long-term prospect of improving the barangay’s
performance in nutrition can be achieved by addressing both the (1) enabling factors that
play a huge role in the planning, resourcing and management of nutrition programs and (2)
basic causes of malnutrition.

III. VISION, MISSION, GOALS AND TARGETS

The Barangay Nutrition Action Plan 2023-2025 is aligned with the over-all vision of the
barangay of TACUB. It also supports the goals of the Municipal Nutrition Action Plan of
KIBLAWAN, Provincial Nutrition Action Plan of Davao del Sur, Action for Nutrition for Region
XI and the Philippine Plan of Action for Nutrition to improve the nutrition situation of the
country as a contribution to: (1) the achievement of Ambisyon Natin 2040, (2) reducing
inequality in human development outcomes, and (3) reducing child and maternal mortality.
VISION: Transforming communities of Davsuranons towards zero hunger and
malnutrition.

MISSION: To manage nutrition programs effectively and efficiently in collaboration

with various stakeholders providing nutrition related interventions.

GOALS: Higher quality of life from improving the nutritional situation of individuals.

Table 4.

2023-2025 BNAP Outcome Targets

Indicators Baseline (%)/year Targeted change
 and source 2023 2024 2025

Targets for Undernutrition

Prevalence of low birth weight (LBW) 5% (2022 RHIS) 4.8% 4.6% 4.4%
infants

Prevalence of stunted children 6-23 0 0 0

months old

Prevalence of stunted children 0-59 4.5%(2022 RHIS) 4.3% 4.1% 3.9%

months old

Prevalence of wasted children 0-59 10.65%(2022 10.4% 10.2% 10%

months old RHIS)

Prevalence of wasted school children 16%(RHIS) 14% 12% 10%

Prevalence of nutritionally at-risk 0 0 0 0

(NAR)/ low BMI pregnant women

Targets for Overnutrition

Prevalence of overweight children 1%(RHIS) .8% .6% .4%

under five years old

Prevalence of overweight/obese 1%(RHIS) .8% .6% .4%

school children

Targets for Micronutrient Deficiencies

Prevalence of anemia among 0 0 0 0

pregnant women

Prevalence of anemic children 6-59 0 0 0 0

months

Targets for Infants and Young Child Feeding Practices

Prevalence of exclusively breastfed 95%(RHIS) 95% 95% 95%

infants at 5 months

Prevalence of infants who continued 95%(RHIS) 95% 95% 95%

breastfeeding and were introduced to
complementary feeding

V. IMPLEMENTATION AND COORDINATION ARRANGEMENTS

The Implementation Plan of BNAP defines the individual, organizational, and institutional
accountability for each of the projects, programs and common accountabilities with respect
to programs and outcome targets. The BNAP then consists of individual and shared
accountabilities to deliver outputs and outcomes. The delivery of outcomes and outputs
which entail institutional resources and are ultimately the responsibility of the accountable
agencies.

Institutional accountabilities also include accountability for coordination of the BNAP. The
Barangay Nutrition Committee (BNC), as the counterpart body of the Provincial Nutrition
Committee and Municipal Nutrition Committee at the barangay level, shall primarily serve as
the mechanism to oversee the progressive implementation of the BNAP. This function
covers integrating and harmonizing actions for nutrition improvement at the barangay level.

The functions of the Barangay Nutrition Committee are: to formulate, coordinate, monitor,
and evaluate the barangay nutrition action plan. It may create technical working groups and
other similar inter-agency groups to address particular issues and strengthen interagency
coordination.

In the discharge of each local coordination function, processes have been instituted in the
past and will continue to be harnessed for the delivery of the BNAP. The BNC shall facilitate
the following: 1) formulation of the Annual Investment Program to support the
implementation of BNAP; 2) convening of the BNC quarterly meetings; and 3) annual
program implementation review of the BNAP.

VI. MONITORING AND EVALUATION

The overall implementation plan is the reference document for designing the monitoring
system including annual program implementation reviews, mid-term reviews and the end-of-
plan evaluation.

As a management tool, the management meetings and quarterly reporting of the Barangay
Nutrition Committee will be used as a platform for LGU monitoring of the BNAP. While the
report is important, it is the discussion at the BNC that is more vital in terms of ensuring that
corrections/revisions/improvements/enhancement are undertaken by the individual,
organizations, agencies and the BNC as a whole in response to the emerging issues and
problems in implementation. The management decision in the quarterly meetings will guide
the Municipal Nutrition Committee and the Provincial Nutrition Committee in following up
BNAP implementation.

At the end of each year, the BNC will convene an annual Program Implementation Review
(PIR) which is conducted every last quarter of the year. This will allow BNC members to
integrate revisions to the program/s for the coming budget year. The PIR, benefiting from
initial annual progress reports from the members of the BNC, undertakes a rigorous and
reflective analysis of the experience in the implementation for the year to design
improvements in the plan for the following year. In the course of the implementation year,
the secretariat will collect important nuggets of lessons that can guide the planning for the
coming year in addition to what will be brought by the BNC members in the PIR.

ANNEX
9.1 Number of member, length of residency

Out of 2205 population in Barangay Tacub, 2037 have stayed in the barangay since birth. The
highest number with 580, out of 597 is found in Purok 7 and the lowest is in Purok 3, 149 out of 167.
Other household member came from other barangays within the municipality and province, see
Table 25.

Table 25. Number of member, by length of residency, by purok, by sex

Household member who did not stayed in the area
Household since birth
member who From Other
Total From Other
Purok stayed in the Municipality From Other
Population Barangay within
area since birth within the Province
the Municipality
Province
Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female
1 408 176 162 23 20 9 7 7 4
2 205 99 83 1 1 7 7 3 4
3 167 78 71 6 7 2 0 2 1
4 269 127 135 3 4 0 0 0 0
5 292 138 137 5 1 1 1 2 7
6 267 122 129 7 5 0 0 2 2
7 597 264 316 6 6 3 2 0 0
TOTAL 2205 1004 1033 51 44 22 17 16 18
Source: CBMS Survey 2010

9.2 Members with organization by type by sex, by barangay

The highest number of membership in the different organization is the Women’s

Organization with 115 members and the lowest is the Cultural, only one member. There is no
agricultural and labor group in the barangay as shown in Table 26.

Table 26. Members with organization by type by sex, by Barangay

number of Total Types of organization*
Barangay members Magnitude Proportion**
Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female
TACUB 2205 1093 1112
Religious 2 1 1 0.09 0.09 0.09
Youth 17 8 9 0.77 0.73 0.81
Cultural 1 1 0 0.05 0.09 0
Political 16 10 6 0.73 0.91 0.54
Women's 115 0 115 5.22 0 10.34
Agricultural 0 0 0 0 0 0
Labor 0 0 0 0 0 0
Others
15 15 0 0.68 1.37 0
(Specified)
*Members and type of organization
**Number of members by type of organization over total number of members
 Source: CBMS Survey 2010

9.3 Number of Population 18 years old and above who are registered voters, by purok

Out of one thousand two hundred forty eight (1248) population ages 18 years old and above
only one thousand one hundred seventy two (1172) or 93.91% are registered voters. Of the 1172
registered voters only one thousand one hundred twenty eight (1128) casted their votes during the
2010 election or 96.24% of the registered voters. The biggest number of registered voters is in Purok
7 with three hundred twenty six (326) and those who voted is three hundred fourteen (314). The
lowest number of registered voters is 99 and those who voted is 97, found in purok 3, see Table 27

Table 27. Number of Population 18 years old and above who are registered voters, by purok

Population 18 years old and Registered voters who are

Population 18 years old and
Purok above who are registered actually voted in the last
above
voter election
1 229 213 205
2 118 106 101
3 100 99 97
4 135 132 131
5 162 150 138
6 153 146 142
7 351 326 314
TOTAL 1248 1172 1128

9.4 Persons with disability

Out of 2205 total population, there are only four (4) persons with disability found in
puroks 1, 2, 4 and 6 with 1 person per purok. Other puroks have no persons with disability. Their
age and type of disability are shown in Table 28.

Table 28. Persons with disability, by purok, by age, by disability code

Total Populat Number of Disabled *Disability
Purok Sex Age
ion Code
Magnitude Proportion
1 408 1 0.25 Male 22 2
2 205 1 0.49 Female 8 2
3 167 0 0.00 - - -
4 269 1 0.37 Male 51 19
5 292 0 0.00 - - -
6 267 1 0.37 Male 76 2
 7 597 0 0.00 - - -
TOTA
2205 4 0.18
L
*Disability Code 1=Total blindness, 2=Partial blindness, 3=Low vision, 4=Totally deaf, 5=Partially deaf, 6=Hard
of Hearing, 7=Oral defect, 8=One hand, 9=No hands, 10=One leg, 11=No legs, 12=Mild cerebral palsy, 13=Severe cerebral palsy,
14=Regularly intellectually impaired, 15=Severely intellectually impaired,
16=Regularly impaired by mental illness, 17= Severely impaired by mental illness, 18=Regularly multiple impaired, 19=Severely
multiple impaired, 20=Others
Source: CBMS survey 2010

9.5 Total Number of OFW age 18 years old and above

Of the 554 household only 1 household has member who is working abroad (OFW) found in
Purok 3. Other household has no member who is working abroad, Table 29

Table 29. Number of household with household members who are OFW, by purok, by country
Total Number of household Country
Purok
household Magnitude Proportion
1 99 0 0.00
2 56 0 0.00
3 47 1 2.13 Jordan
4 58 0 0.00
5 70 0 0.00
6 66 0 0.00
7 158 0 0.00
TOTA
554 1 0.18
L
Source: CBMS Survey 2010

9.6 Former household member who died 12 months before the survey

There are 14 persons who died twelve months before the conduct of the CBMS survey on
December 2010. Two are males and twelve (12) are females, causes of their deaths are shown in
Table 30.

Table 30. Former household member who died, by purok

Number of
**Cause of death
Purok person who Sex Age
(code)
died
Female 70
1
1 3 Female 70
1
Female 1
9
2 4 63 9
Female 65 9
Female 53 9
 Female
Female 30 6

3 0 - - -
Female 60 6
Female 92 1
Female 35 5
4 6
Male 70 7
Female 80 6
Female 80 4
5 0 - - -
6 1 Male 73 9
7 0 - - -
TOTAL 14
**Cause of death (code) 1=Disease of the heart, 2=Disease of the vascular system, 3=Pneumonia,
4= Tuberculoses, 5=Cancer, 6=Diarhea, 7=Measles, 8=Complications during pregnancy or
childbirth, 9=Others
Source: CBMS Survey 2010

9.7 Types of program implemented in the barangay

There are only five types of program implemented in the barangay. The program with
highest number of beneficiaries is the Health Assistance Program with 61 beneficiaries, followed by
the Supplemental Feeding Program with 48 beneficiaries, and the education/ scholarship program
with 44. Other types of programs not specified has 46 beneficiaries. The lowest is the Housing
Program with only 1 beneficiary, see Table 32.

Table 31. Types of programs, by Barangay

number of Types of programs*
Barangay Total
Magnitude Proportion**
households
TACUB 554
Supplemental feeding program 48 8.66
Health assistance program (Ex. Philhealth for indigents, free
61 11.01
eye checkup, dental services, etc.)
Education / scholarship program 44 7.94
Skills or livelihood training program 9 1.62
Housing program 1 0.18
Credit program 0 0
Other types of program 46 8.3
*Types of programs and beneficiaries
**Number of beneficiaries by type of program over total number of households
Source: CBMS Survey 2010

9.8 Number of Household who are recipient of Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP),
by Purok
As shown in Table only 1 household out of 158 household in Purok 7 is recipient of CARP.

Table 32. Number of Household who are recipient of Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program
(CARP), by Purok
Number of Household who are recipient
Purok Total household
Magnitude Proportion
1 99 0 0.00
2 56 0 0.00
3 47 0 0.00
4 58 0 0.00
5 70 0 0.00
6 66 0 0.00
7 158 1 0.63
TOTA
554 1 0.18
L
Source: CBMS Survey 2010

9.9 Number of households who are active in agriculture or crop farming.

There are five hundred four (504) households who are active in agricultural endeavour
planting different of crops. The highest numbers of active households are in Purok 7 with 147 and
the lowest is in Puroks 3 with forty five (45) households. As to land tenure most of them owned the
land with 386 households and the least is three (3) who do not own and without consent of the
owner.

As to crops planted, corn has the highest number of households with 499,and the lowest is
palay with 4 households. There are 65 households who planted other crops such as bananas, coffee,
cacao, and vegetables, Table 31.
Table 33. Number of household who are active in agri. or crop farming, by land tenure, by
type of crops
Total Households who Agricultural land tenure* Type of crops**
Purok
are active 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4
1 76 55 2 19 0 - 1 75 4 8
2 48 18 5 25 0 - 1 46 1 2
3 45 27 2 16 0 - 0 45 4 7
4 56 48 0 8 0 - 1 55 0 1
5 68 60 1 7 0 - 0 68 2 15
6 64 50 5 8 1 - 1 63 1 6
7 147 128 4 13 2 - 0 147 2 26
TOTAL 504 386 19 96 3 4 499 14 65
*Agricultural land tenure 1=Own or owner-like possession, 2=Rent,
3=Not owned but with consent of owner, 4=Not owned and without consent of owner, 5=Others
**Type of crops 1=Palay, 2=Corn, 3=Coconut, 4=Others
Source: CBMS Survey 2010
9.10 Household who are involved in Fishery Production

Based on the survey no households in the barangay is involved in fishery production.

9.11 Type of Animal being raised in Barangay Tacub

CBMS survey result shows that chicken ranked number one among the animals raised in
Tacub with 511 heads. Purok 7 has the highest number with 146 heads and lowest is in Purok 4 with
twenty eight (28) heads.

The least animals being raised is sow with only 2 found in Puroks 1 and 2.

Table 34. Type of Animal being raised in brgy. Tacub, by Purok, by quantity
*Type of Animal
Number of Household who
Purok
raised animals
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 22 13 1 5 0 0 58 20 2 3
2 17 3 1 6 3 3 42 6 0 3
3 20 17 0 5 1 0 73 0 0 3
4 12 0 0 1 1 0 28 0 3 3
5 14 10 0 2 0 0 82 10 6 2
6 13 8 0 0 0 0 82 36 5 4
7 27 7 0 6 3 2 146 6 20 2
TOTAL 125 58 2 25 8 5 511 78 36 20
* Type of Animal 1-Hog for Fattening, 2-Sow, 3-Goat, 4-Carabao, 5-Cow, 6-Chicken, 7-Chicken for egg laying, 8-Duck, 9-Other livestock/poultry
specify
Source: CBMS Survey 2010

9.12 Number of person who are registered in the civil registry

Of the 2205 population of the barangay, 1443 persons were registered in the civil registry or
65.4%. Seven hundred sixty two (762) or 34.6% persons were not registered. Most of the person
who are registered are found in Purok 1, 318 while the least is found in Purok 3, 156. Table 33.

Table 35. Number of person who are registered/not registered in the civil registry, by purok
Number of household who Number of household who are
Purok Total population registered not registered
Magnitude Proportion Magnitude Proportion
1 408 318 77.9 90 22.1
2 205 167 81.5 38 18.5
3 167 156 93.4 11 6.6
4 269 164 61.0 105 39.0
5 292 176 60.3 116 39.7
6 267 164 61.4 103 38.6
7 597 298 49.9 299 50.1
TOTAL 2205 1443 65.4 762 34.6
Source: CBMS Survey 2010