A Detailed Lesson Plan in Teaching

EDUC 1

Name of Student Intern: Ma. Phoebe S. Alleo Year & Section: SocsStud 1-1,1-2, Math 1-1 &1-2

Student Internship Mentor: Rosemarie T. Galbo, EdD Date and Time: Wednesday and Thursday

I. Objectives
At the end of the lesson, students are expected to:
a. describe Piaget’s stages of cognitive development and Erikson’s stages of
psycho-social development;
b. value the importance of respecting other people’s ideas and opinions; and
c. write a reflection paper about Piaget’s stages of cognitive development
and Erikson’s theory of psycho-social development.

II. Subject Matter

A. Topic: Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development and Erikson’s Stages of
Psycho-Social Theory of Development
B. References: Corpuz, Brenda B. et. Al, (2010) Child and Adolescent
Development, Lorimar Publishing Incorporated, Quezon City, Manila, Pgs.
77-110
C. Materials: PowerPoint Presentation
D. Values Integration: Appreciate the uniqueness of individual’s growth
E. Skills: Boost and develop student`s critical thinking skills, self-confidence,
creativity, and active participation.

III. Procedure
Teacher`s Activity Student`s Activity
A. Preparation
 Prayer
Everybody stand for the prayer. Ms.
______, kindly lead the prayer.
In the name of the Father, and of the Son,
and of the Holy Spirit. Amen.

 Greetings/Classroom
Arrangement
Good morning_________!
 Good morning Ma`am.
Before you take your seats kindly pick up We`re fine Ma`am.
the trashes you can see inside the
classroom and throw it in the trash bins. If
you don’t have any trash bins, you can
put it inside your bag and throw it when
you arrive home.

If you`re done, you may now take your (Students do as told)

seats.

How are you today?

Okay that`s good to hear.

 Attendance
Before anything else, let me check your We`re fine Ma`am.
attendance. Say present if your name is
called.

After a few minutes…….

Alright! I`m glad that you are all here and

no one is absent. Please give yourselves
a round of applause.

 Review the Previous Lesson

Before we start with a new topic, what
was your lesson last meeting? Yes.
Ms./Mr. _____? (Students do as told)

Very good! You tackle about the Freud’s

Psychoanalytic Theory. To check if you
really understand the lesson, what is the
importance of this theory to us future It’s all about Freud’s Psychoanalytic
teachers? Theory.

Alright! Freud`s Psychoanalytic Theory is

important for teachers in order for us to
understand more our learners. Through
knowing and understanding the
personality and thinking of our learners,
we can be able to adjust our teaching
styles and strategies in order for their In order for us to understand the
learning needs to be met. personality of our students.

Do you still have questions from the

previous topic?

Okay! Since none, are you all ready for

today`s discussion?

Very good!

As we start our class discussion, I want

everyone to observe the rules ang None, ma’am.
regulation that we are going to implement
so please listen carefully.

Classroom Rules and Regulation:

1. Sit properly Yes Ma`am.

2. Be attentive in class
3. Be participative and raise your right
hand if you want to speak.
4. Don’t use your cellular phones during
discussion unless you are given
permission to do so.
5. Treat one another the way you want to
be treated.
6. Follow the rules and regulation.

Are we clear?

Alright!

B. Motivation
Today we will be having a new topic to
discuss. But before anything else, we will
be having a group activity. I will divide the
class into three (3) groups.

Let’s begin counting in this side…

All group 1 please stand…2…..3

Now go to your respective groups. All you

have to do is to dramatize the situation
that was assigned to you. I will be giving Yes ma’am.
you 5 minutes to prepare and 1-2 minutes
to present it here in front.

Do you understand the instruction?

Here are the scenarios.

Scenario 1: It’s Christmas and Uncle Bob

is giving “aguinaldo” to the children.
Three-year-old Karen did not want to
receive the one-hundred-peso bill and
instead preferred to receive five 20-peso
bills. Her ten-year-old cousins were telling
her it’s better to get the one-hundred-
peso bill, but they failed to convince her.

Scenario 2: Siblings, Tria, 10; Enzo 8;

and Riel, 4 were sorting out their stuffed
animals. They had 7 bears, 3 dogs, 2
cows and 1 dolphin. Mommy, a
psychology teacher, enters and says,
“Good thing you’re sorting out those. Do
you have more stuffed animals or more Yes Ma`am.
bears?” Tria and Enzo say, “stuffed
animals.” Riel says, “Bears”.

Scenario 3: While eating on her high

chair, seven-month-old Liza accidentally
dropped her spoon on the floor. She saw
mommy pick it up. Liza again drops her
new spoon, and she does this several
times more on purpose. Mommy didn’t
like it at all but Liza appeared to enjoy
dropping the spoons the whole time.

Any questions?

Your 5 minutes to prepare starts now.

Okay, time is up! Let’s start with the

group 1.

Thank you Group 1. Let’s proceed to the

second group.

Thank you Group 2. Now it’s your turn

Group 3.
Thank you for such a wonderful
presentation! Please give a round of
applause to each one of you who were
able to dramatized the given scenarios
very well.

Now. Let us analyze the scenarios.

On scenario 1, why do you think Karen

prefer the four 20-peso bill?

Exactly! Remember when you are still None ma’am.

toddlers, you prefer to have something
that looks plenty without knowing the
exact value of it. That’s the nature of a
child.

On scenario 2, why do you think Riel

answered “Bear?”

You have a point. Kids at this age cannot

identify yet the exact classification of a
thing because they assume that all
creatures here on earth are the same.

On scenario 3, why do you think baby

Liza appeared to enjoy dropping the
spoons?
Awesome! If you are to observe a child’s
behavior, they enjoy doing things
repeatedly because they don’t have the
idea of what is right and wrong. The way
they think is not like us adults who can
think and act maturely.
Ma’am, Karen thought that having the
four 20-peso bill is more plenty than
having a 100 pesos bill.
Okay you must be wondering why we
decided to let you dramatized the
scenarios that is because, it`s connected
to our topic today which is about Piaget’s
Stages of cognitive development and
later on we will proceed to Erikson’s
Psycho-Social Theory of development.

C. Presentation Riel thought that all the stuffed animals

Many professionals including are bears because they got the same
psychologists present their views about features.
how the mind develops. In other words,
how individuals construct their
knowledge. One of these psychologists
who presented different views about how
mind develops is Jean Piaget. This is
what we are going to talk about today.
We are going to tackle about his
interesting theory about cognitive
development including the basic concepts
and stages.
Baby Liza thought that dropping the
spoons repeatedly is fun especially that
the mother picks it up for her again and
But before we dive into Piaget’s theory of again.
Cognitive Development and Erikson’s
Psycho-Social theory of development,
here are the learning objectives that we
aim to achieve for this meeting. Kindly
read.
We can only be able to achieve these
objectives if you follow the classroom
rules and regulation that we just agreed
earlier.

Can we expect all of those from you?

Alright, thank you so much.

D. Discussion

When you hear about the word

“Cognitive”, what comes into your
intelligent mind? Who has an idea? Who
wants to share?

Yes Ms./Mr._________

Thank you. Cognitive is the mental

process that human use to think, read,
learn, remember, reason, pay attention
and ultimately comprehend information
and turn into knowledge. To make it
simple cognitive is the way we think. The
way human thinks. For instance, making
of life decisions.
At the end of the lesson, students are
expected to:
Okay, now let’s talk about Jean Piaget.
a. describe Piaget’s stages of
cognitive development and Erikson’s
stages of psycho-social development;
Are you familiar with Jean Piaget?
b. value the importance of respecting
other people’s ideas and opinions; and
c. write a reflection paper about
Jean Piaget was the one who proposed Piaget’s stages of cognitive development
this theory- Stage of Cognitive and Erikson’s theory of psycho-social
Development. But before discussing the development.
theory, let us know him first.

Kindly read the short life background of

Piaget, Ms. _____

Sure thing ma’am.

Ma’am…

Thank you. Based from what we heard

earlier, what can you say about his life? Cognitive is being conscious and
Anybody who wants to share? person’s ability to process thoughts.

Exactly! We can say that Piaget is not just

a typical human being. He was intelligent
but a bit neurotic— this impression
sparked Piaget’s interest in psychology.
That is why he conducted research on
cognitive development of individuals. His
theory of cognitive development has been
applied to teaching and curriculum design
specially in the preschool and elementary
curricula. He remains one of the most
influential psychologists of the twentieth
century.

Now Let’s tackle about the basic cognitive

concepts.

Who wants to read the first concept? Yes ma’am/No ma’am.

Based from the text you read, what is

your own understanding about schema?
Thank you. Schema refers to the
cognitive structures by which individuals
intellectually adapt to and organize their
environment. In other words, it is an
individual’s way to understand or create
meaning about a thing or experience.
Basic understanding about the world.
Piaget was born on August 9, 1896 in
Switzerland. He was a pioneer in the field
of child psychology. Also, a PhD holder
in Biology and had a background in
Philosophy. Piaget’s children became the
focus of his study into child development.
The results of this research were
published in three books. In 1929 he was
awarded the post of director at the
International Bureau of Education. A
 position he held until 1967. On
September 16, 1980, Jean Piaget died in
For example: candies are sweet,
Geneva.
Christmas is a season of giving and how
dog looks like.
I can say ma’am that he is very
hardworking
Second concept is assimilation. Please
everybody read.

Alright! Assimilation is a process of

incorporating new information into
existing schemas.

For example, a child sees another dog,

but this time a dalmatian dog, he would
make sense of what he is doing by
adding this new information into his
schema of a dog.

Third concept is accommodation. Please

read Ms./Mr.________.

Thank you. Accommodation is how you

conceptualize new ideas. Because of
your new ideas, you are able to modify
your existing schemas.

For instance, when a mother brings her

child to a zoo and a child sees another
animal that looks a little bit like a dog, but
somehow different. He might try to fit it
into his schema of a dog and say, “look
mommy a striped dog.” The mother will
say, “No, honey, that’s zebra, not a dog”.
Now the child develop new schema and
he knows already what a zebra looks like
and from that experience, he will now
Schema is an assumption that an
individual has of the self, others or the
world. It is also the basic building blocks
of such cognitive models, and enable us
to form a mental representation of the
world.
(The student will answer)
understand the difference between a dog
and a zebra.

Now what about the concept of

equilibration. Everybody please read.

As we grow older, as we mature, we

balance assimilation and accommodation
in order for us to adapt effectively in our
environment.

For example, you may have a schema of

putting something in your mouth. As you
can see there are a lot of kids who tend to
put food, and not only food but also
objects into their mouth. So, when a child Assimilation is a process of fitting a new
saw a paper for the first time and experience into an existing or previously
because they have the schema about created cognitive structure or schema.
putting something into their mouth, they
will assimilate that paper can also be
eaten and we know for the fact that is not.
That is why we try to correct a child and
that is the process of accommodation.
We give a child a chance to modify their
existing schema that not all objects are
edible.

Do you understand the concept of

equilibration?

How about schema, assimilation and

Accommodation is the process of creating
accommodation?
a new schema.

Alright. Now let’s proceed to the stages of

cognitive development. Since this topic is
one of the pointers in your midterm
examination. I assume that you already
have a background idea about this.
Okay I have here a graphic organizer
containing the important points of each
stage.

Ms./Mr. _____, what is your idea about

sensori-motor?

Alright! In this stage, a child develops

his/her intelligence through his/her
senses. That is why working with these
children, we should aim to provide a rich Equilibration is the process of balancing
and stimulating environment with assimilation and accommodation to
appropriate objects to play. create schemas that fit the environment.

(The teacher will explain the object

permanence)

Second stage is pre-operational, any idea

about this stage?

Thank you. It covers from about two to

seven years old, roughly corresponding to
the preschool years. At this stage, the
child develops his intellectuality through
symbolic thought marked by irreversibility,
centration and egocentrism.

(The teacher will explain what is

irreversibility, centration and egocentrism)

Concrete-Operational Stage
This stage is characterized by the ability
of a child to think logically but only in
terms of concrete objects. This cover
approximately the ages between 7-11
years or elementary school years.

(The teacher will explain what is

Reversibility, decentering and
conservation)
Yes ma’am.

Formal Operational Stage

In the final stage covering ages between
12 to adulthood, thinking becomes more Yes ma’am.
logical. They can now solve abstract
problems and can hypothesize.

(The teacher will provide examples)

Alright! That was the four stages of

cognitive development. Do you
understand the concepts and the stages?

Any questions or clarifications?

Since none, I will give the floor to Ma’am
Dianne who will discuss the Erikson’s
Psycho-social Theory of development.

Thank you, ma’am Phoebe.

Okay, now we will start in the introduction

to the 8 stages. Altogether please read
the text in the PowerPoint presentation.

Alright. Erikson’s theory includes both

psychological and social aspects. Psycho
which relates to the mind of a human and
social which is external relationhips of an
individual or how the environment affects
their personality and behavior.

Please read the next slide, Ms./ Mr. ____

(The student will answer)

Thank you. From this statement we can

say that Erikson’s theory is very crucial
specially to the teachers in becoming
more knowledgeable and at the same
time understanding of the various
environmental factors that affect his own
and his student’s personality and
behavior. It is also relevant to modern life
since it is useful for parenting, to have
self-awareness, dealing with conflict and
generally for understanding self and
others. You see the beauty of Erikson’s
Psycho-Social Theory of Development?

Very good! Now let’s define first the four (The students will answer)
important terms to really have a thorough
understanding about his theory.

First is the psychosocial crisis. Each

stage involves a psychosocial crisis of
two opposing emotional forces. Erikson’s
used the words syntonic for the positive
and dystonic for the negative. Moreover,
to signify the opposing relationship
between each pair he connected it with
the term “versus”.

Second is virtue. Any idea about what is

virtue?

Thank you. If each of the stage manage

very well, we carry a certain virtue or
psychosocial strength which help us
through the rest of the stages of our lives.

Third, malignancy which refers to a little

of a positive and too much of the
negative. For instance, a person who
can’t trust.

Lastly, maladaptation which refers to too

much of the positive and too little of the
negative, such as a person who trusts too
much.

Alright! We already know the terms of this

theory. Now, to fully understand and
know the eight stages of psycho-social
development, we will watch a YouTube
video and afterwards I will group you into
eight. Each group will share about their
thoughts about their assign stage.

Are you all ready?

Please watch and listen carefully.

Yes ma’am
(The teacher will play the video)

None ma’am
Okay, you just have watched the video.
Now, I will group you into 8. Let’s start
counting in this side.

You may now go to your respective

groups quietly and start brainstorming. I’ll
just give you 8 minutes.

Your 8 minutes are over. Now let’s

proceed to the sharing of thoughts. Group -Erikson’s “psycosocial” term is derived
1, please begin. from the two source words namely
psychological (or the root, “psycho”
relating to the mind, brain,
(Calling the rest of the groups) personality,etc) and “social” (external
relationships and environment)

Alright, give your self a barangay

applause for a job well done. You know
what is barangay applause?

Good. Everybody barangay applause.

Any questions or clarifications?
Like other influential theories, Erikson’s
model is simple and well designed. The
If none, I will ask you one more time.
theory is the basis for broad or complex
discussion and analysis of personality
development-of self and others.
E. Generalization

As a future teacher, how important to

study these theories of development- the
cognitive theory of Piaget and psycho-
social theory of Erikson?

Very good! As an individual who is in the

field of education. These theories are
very important and impactful especially
on how we understand child
development. Moreover, these theories
help us to understand several aspects of
human life specifically on our students.
By understanding these theories, we can
create environments that would support
education efficiency. Also, we can
promote identity development in our Yes ma’am.
students.

And that’s the end of our discussion. Do

you have questions?

Sure?

IV. Evaluation

Instruction: Write a 350-word reflection

paper about Piaget’s stages of cognitive
development and Erikson’s theory of
psycho-social development.
Guide question:
What are my realizations after the
discussion?
What makes these theories beneficial to
my future profession?

Rubric:
Content- 5
Organization-5
Relevance-5
Mechanics-5
Timeliness-5

Total- 25 points

-
Yes ma’am.

(The students begin counting)

Yes ma’am.

123 123 whooooooooo

None ma’am.
(The students will answer)

None ma’am

Yes ma’am.
 V. Assignment
Research and read about Kohlberg’s Stages of Moral Development and Vygotsky’s
Socio-Cultural Theory.