‫ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺿﻴﺎﺕ‬:‫ﺍﳌﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺙ ی ا ون اه‬

5 : 18‫ﻡ;آة ر‬
  : ‫اذ‬      !‫ ﻡ‬# $

‫ا   ا     ا آ ر‬:‫ى‬

  ‫"  و  ا   ا‬# ‫ ا م ا‬: ‫•  ا   ا‬
  (‫  ا'داب و  ا م ا‬:  (‫•  ا'داب و ا م ا‬

: '‫ ( ﺕ(ی‬1
1
x → ‫ و ه اا ا  ا‬ln ‫
دا ار  ا ي   ب‬
x
.1 " ‫م‬$ ‫] ا ﺕ‬0, +∞[ ‫! ال‬

( ∀x ∈ ]0, +∞[ ) : ln′ ( x ) = x1 :  ‫و‬

. ln (1) = 0 ‫ أي‬1 " ‫م‬$ ‫
دا ار  ا ي ﺕ‬

: ‫ ا  ت ا‬+ ,‫ ﺕ‬: ‫ یت‬#‫( ا‬2
lim ln ( x ) = +∞ :1 ,-‫ا‬
x →+∞

lim ln ( x ) = −∞ :2 ,-‫ا‬
x →0+

: ‫ی‬$‫  ﺝ‬, ( 3
( ∀a
0 )( ∀b
0 ) .1
:1 ,-‫ ا‬4$!‫ﺕ‬
ln ( ab ) = ln ( a ) + ln (b ) .2
ln ( 2 )  0, 7  
1
ln ( 3)  1,1 ‫و‬ ln   = − ln (b ) .3
b 
:‫اذن‬
a
ln ( 6 ) = ln ( 2 × 3) ln   = ln ( a ) − ln (b ) .4
b 
= ln ( 2 ) + ln ( 3) 1
 0, 7 + 1,1  1,8 ( )
ln a = ln ( a )
2
.5

( ∀n ∈  ) ln ( a ) = n ln (a )
n
.6
:‫ي‬$#‫ ا‬1‫ری‬3‫ت ا‬, 4$!‫ﺕ‬
:  678" ln ( 3)  1,1 ‫ و‬ln ( 2 )  0, 7 ‫ أن‬3! ‫ إذا‬: ‫ﻡ ل‬
3 2  8
(
ln 3 2 ) ln   ln ( 6) ln ( 72 ) ln  
 12 
2 3
:67‫ا‬
8  2× 4  2
a ln   = ln   = ln  
ln   = ln ( a ) − ln (b )  12   3× 4  3
b 
= ln ( 2 ) − ln ( 3)
= 0, 7 − 1,1 = −0, 4
72 = 9 × 8
ln ( 72 ) = ln ( 9 × 8 ) = ln ( 9 ) + ln ( 8 )

  :‫اذ‬
 = ln ( 32 ) + ln ( 23 )
= 2 ln ( 3) + 3ln ( 2 )
ln ( ab ) = ln ( a ) + ln (b )
= 2 × (1,1) + 3 × ( 0, 7 )
= 2, 2 + 2,1 = 4,3
ln ( a n ) = n ln ( a )

ln ( ) 1
a = ln ( a )
ln ( 6 ) = 12 ln ( 6) = 12 ln ( 2 × 3)
2 1 1
=
2
( ln ( 2 ) + ln ( 3) ) = ( 0, 7 + 1,1)
2
1
= (1,8 ) = 0, 9
2

3 2 3 × 3× 2 × 2 3 3 3 2   3  1 3
= = = ln   = ln   = ln  
2 3 2 3× 3× 2 2 2  2 3   2  2 2
1
= ( ln ( 3) − ln ( 2 ) )
2
1 1
= (1,1 − 0, 7 ) = × 0, 4 = 0, 2
2 2
( )
ln 3 2 = ln ( 3) + ln 2 ( )
1
= ln ( 3) + ln ( 2 )
ln ( ab ) = ln ( a ) + ln (b ) 2
1
= 1,1 + ( 0, 7 )
ln ( a ) = 12 ln (a ) 2
= 1,1 + 0,35 = 1, 45
: x → ln ( x ) ‫( ﺝول ﺕ>ات اا‬4

( ∀x ∈ ]0, +∞[ ) : ln′ ( x ) = x1 : 

( ∀a
0 )( ∀b
0 )
ln ( a ) = ln (b ) ⇔ a = b ( ∀x ∈ ]0, +∞[ ) : ln′ ( x ) = x1
0 ‫ "ن‬x
0 ‫ﺏ أن‬

( ∀a
0 )( ∀b
0 ) ]0, +∞[ ! $:;   ‫ ة ﺕا‬ln ‫و ﺏ اال‬

ln ( a )
ln (b ) ⇔ a
b :‫و  = اول‬
ln ( a ) ≺ ln (b ) ⇔ a ≺ b x 0 +∞
.$:;   ‫ ﺕا‬ln ‫ن اا‬ f' +
+∞
f(x)
ln (e 3 ) = 3 -∞

ln (e 4 ) = −4
e  2, 71828 ⋅⋅⋅⋅ :e ‫( ا(د‬5
ln ( x ) = 7 ‫د‬$‫ ا‬+8
. ln (e ) = 1 >,? ‫ ا@ي‬, ,?‫د ا‬$‫ ه ا‬e ←
x = e 7 ‫د‬$‫ه ا‬
e ‫د‬$‫ ! ا‬7A‫  ا‬A‫ > ا‬:‫← ﺏ‬
( ∀n ∈  ) ln (e n ) = n ln (e ) : ! +B?‫ﻥ‬
( ∀n ∈  ) ln (e n ) = n :‫أي‬

  :‫اذ‬
 1B# ‫ ﻡ(ﻡ ﻡ‬1(‫ﻡ‬ C ln ‫ اا‬A#7#‫( ﻡ‬6
y
8

2
x
-8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8

-2

-4

-6

-8

:‫ت‬B‫ﺡ‬E‫ﻡ‬
1 :‫( ه‬1, 0 ) :, ‫ " ا‬ln ‫اا‬ ? ‫د س ا‬$
ln ′ ( x ) =
x
y = ln′ (1)( x − 1) + ln (1)
1
ln ′ (1) = = 1 y = x −1 :‫أي‬
1
ln (1) = 0 :‫( ه‬e , 0 ) :, ‫ " ا‬ln ‫اا‬ ? ‫د س ا‬$
1 y = ln′ (e )( x − e ) + ln (e )
ln ′ (e ) =
e 1
ln (e ) = 1
y = (x −e ) +1 :‫أي‬
e
1
x :‫أي‬ y =
e
. ( ∀x ∈ ]0,1[ ) : ln ( x ) ≺ 0 ‫  أن‬$ ‫] و ه@ا‬0,1[ ‫ " ال‬+ "‫ ?ر ا‬3?‫ ﺝ ﺕ‬ln ‫ ? اا‬
. ( ∀x ∈ ]1, +∞[ ) : ln ( x )
0 ‫  أن‬$ ‫] و ه@ا‬1, +∞[ ‫ " ال‬+ "‫ ?ر ا‬3?‫ ﺝ ﺕ‬ln ‫اا‬ ?
: ‫ي‬G(‫ ا‬1‫ری‬3‫ ( ا‬7
:'‫ﺕ(ی‬
ln (10 ) ≠ 1 ‫ أن‬I8J ]0, +∞[ ! "$ ‫ و ه‬log :‫ي ب‬F$‫ ا ار  ا‬
log (10 ) = 1 K 8 " ln ( x )
( ∀x ∈ ]0, +∞[ ) : log ( x ) ln (10 ) : ‫آ‬

:2 ,-‫ ا‬4$!‫ﺕ‬ :‫ي‬G(‫ ا‬1‫ری‬3‫ت هﻡ ا ا‬,

log ( 20 ) ‫ب‬78  ‫ﻥ‬ log (10 ) = 1 ‫ و‬log (1) = 0 .1
log ( 2 )  0,30103 ‫! أن‬ ( ∀a
0 )( ∀b
0 ) : log ( a × b ) = log ( a ) + log (b ) .2

( ∀a
0 ) : log 
log ( 20 ) = log ( 2 × 10 ) 1
 = − log (b ) .3
= log ( 2 ) + log (10 ) b 

( ∀a
0 )( ∀b
0 ) : log 
a
 0,30103 + 1  = log ( a ) − log (b ) .4
 1,30103 b 
( ∀a
0 )( ∀n ∈  ) : log ( a n ) = n log ( a ) .5
( ∀n ∈  ) : log (10n ) = n .6
1
( ∀x ∈ ]0, +∞[ ) : log′ ( x ) = x ln (10 ) .7

  :‫اذ‬
 lim log ( x ) = +∞ ‫ و‬lim+ log ( x ) = −∞ .8
x →+∞ x →0

c ≤ log ( x ) ≺ c + 1 ‫ "ن‬10 ≤ x ≺ 10c +1 ‫ إذا آن‬.9

c

x = 104, 27 :TU‫ﻥ‬
100 ≤ x ≤ 1000 : 
( ∀a
0 )( ∀b
0 ) : log ( a ) = log (b ) ⇔ a = b .10
10 2 ≤ x ≺ 103 :‫أي‬ ( ∀a
0 )( ∀b
0 ) : log ( a )
log (b ) ⇔ a
b .11
2 ≤ log ( x ) ≺ 3 :‫إذن‬ :‫ي‬G(‫ ا‬1‫ری‬3‫ﺝول ﺕ>ات دا ا‬
log ( x )  2, ⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅ :‫أي‬ x 0 +∞
f' +
+∞
f(x)
-∞

:‫ت‬H‫ ا (د‬:‫ي‬$#‫ ا‬1‫ری‬3‫ت ا‬, 4$!‫ﺕ‬

: ‫ت ا‬J‫د‬$‫ "  ا‬+8 : ‫ﻡ ل‬

ln ( x ) = 7 (3 ln ( x ) = 1 (2 ln ( x ) = 0 (1
ln ( x ) + ln ( 4 − x ) = ln ( 6 − x ) (6 ln ( x − 1) = ln ( 2x + 3) (5 ln ( x + 1) = ln ( 3) (4
:67‫ا‬
ln ( x ) = 0 ‫د‬$‫ " ا‬x
0 ‫ن‬P ‫ أن‬6 (1
]0, +∞[ ‫د ه‬$‫ ا‬Q@‫ ه‬R $‫و  = ! ﺕ‬
. x
0 ‫إذا آن‬ $  ln ( x ) ‫ﺏ‬P‫ا‬
ln ( x ) = ln (1) S"P‫ ﺕ‬ln ( x ) = 0 ‫د‬$‫ا‬
1∈ ]0, +∞[ ‫ و ﺏ أن‬x = 1 =  ‫و‬
S = {1} :‫د ه‬$‫ل ا‬8 ! ‫"ن‬
. ln (1) = 0
]0, +∞[ ‫ ه‬ln ( x ) = 1 ‫د‬$‫ ا‬R $‫( ! ﺕ‬2
x = e ‫ أي‬ln ( x ) = ln (e ) S"P‫و ه ﺕ‬
S = {e } ‫ "ن‬e ∈ ]0, +∞[ ‫و ﺏ أن‬
7 = ln (e 7 )
]0, +∞[ ‫ ه‬ln ( x ) = 7 ‫د‬$‫ ا‬R $‫( ! ﺕ‬3
. ( ∀n ∈  ) : ln (e n ) = n
x = e 7 ‫ أي‬ln ( x ) = ln (e 7 ) S"P‫و ه ﺕ‬
. S = {e 7 } ‫ "ن‬e 7 ∈ ]0, +∞[ ‫و ﺏ أن‬
x
−1 ‫ أي‬x + 1
0 ‫ن‬P ‫ أن‬6 (4
3
x
1 ]−1, +∞[ ‫ ه‬ln ( x + 1) = ln ( 3) ‫د‬$‫ ا‬R $‫و  = ! ﺕ‬
−
2 1 x = 2 ‫ أي‬x + 1 = 3 S"P‫د ﺕ‬$‫ا‬
+∞
S = {2} ‫ "ن‬2 ∈ ]−1, +∞[ ‫و ﺏ أن‬
2x + 3
0 ‫ و‬x − 1
0 ‫ن‬P ‫ أن‬6 (5
3 3
x
− x
1 ‫ أي‬x
− ‫ و‬x
1 ‫ أي‬2x
−3 ‫ و‬x
1 ‫أي‬
2 2
x
1 ‫ و‬x
− 3 ln ( x − 1) = ln ( 2x + 3) ‫د‬$‫ ا‬R $‫و  = ! ﺕ‬
2
x = −4 ‫ أي‬x − 1 = 2x + 3 S"P‫ و ه ﺕ‬−4 ∉ ]1, +∞[ ‫ه‬
S = φ ‫ "ن‬−4 ∉ ]1, +∞[ ‫و ﺏ أن‬
x
1 S"P

  :‫اذ‬
 4 − x
0 ‫ و‬x
0 ‫ن‬P ‫ أن‬6 (6
6 .6−x
0 ‫و‬
0 4 . x ≺ 6 ‫ و‬x ≺ 4 ‫ و‬x
0 ‫أي‬
R $‫و  = ! ﺕ‬
S"P x ≺ 6 ‫ و‬x ≺ 4 ‫ و‬x
0 ln ( x ) + ln ( 4 − x ) = ln ( 6 − x ) ‫د‬$‫ا‬
.0≺ x ≺ 4
ln  x ( 4 − x )  = ln ( 6 − x ) S"P‫] و ه ﺕ‬0, 4[ ‫ه‬

ax 2 + bx + c = 0 x ( 4 − x ) = 6 − x ‫أي‬
x − 5x + 6 = 0 ‫ أي‬4x − x 2 = 6 − x ‫أي‬
2

 ‫ﻥ‬V‫ ارﺝ ا‬K ‫د‬$ ‫ اﺥ ة‬Q@‫و ه‬

∆ = b 2 − 4ac ∆  ‫ب ا‬7?‫ ﺏ‬8 

ax 2 + bx + c = 0 ‫د‬$‫
∆ "ن ا‬0 ‫إذا آن‬

K XA K 8 + ,‫ﺕ‬ 2
∆ = ( −5 ) − 4 (1)( 6 ) = 25 − 24 = 1
−b − ∆ −b + ∆
x1 = ‫ و‬x2 = x 2 − 5x + 6 = 0 ‫د‬$‫ = ∆ و  = ا‬1  
2a 2a 5 +1 5 −1
.x2 = = 3‫ و‬x1 = = 2 K XA K 8 + ,‫ﺕ‬
2 2
3 ∈ ]0, 4[ .‫ و‬2 ∈ ]0, 4[ ‫و ﺏ أن‬
ln ( x ) + ln ( 4 − x ) = ln ( 6 − x ) ‫د‬$‫ل ا‬8 ! ‫"ن‬
S = {2,3} :‫ه‬

:‫ي‬$#‫ ا‬1‫ری‬3‫ ا‬A  >, ‫ي‬7‫ درا دا ﺕ‬:‫ي‬$#‫ ا‬1‫ری‬3‫ت ا‬, 4$!‫ﺕ‬

: ‫ﻡ ل‬
( ∀x ∈ ]0, +∞[ ) f ( x ) = x ln x − x + 1 : ‫] ب‬0, +∞[ ! "$‫ ا‬f ‫  اا‬$‫ﻥ‬
1
. e  2, 71 ‫ و‬ln ( 3)  1,1 ‫ و‬ln ( 2 )  0, 69 ‫! أن‬ f   ‫ و‬f ( 4 ) ‫ و‬f (e ) ‫ و‬f (1) 678‫ أ‬.1
 3
. ]0, +∞[ K x +P f ′ ( x ) 678‫ أ‬.2
. f ‫ ات اا‬Y‫ ﺝول ﺕ‬Z!‫ أ‬.3
.4 " (C f ) ‫د س‬$ ‫د‬8 .4
:67‫ا‬
ln (1) = 0
f (1) = 1ln (1) − 1 + 1 = 0 .1
f (e ) = e ln (e ) − r + 1
ln (e ) = 1 = e ×1 − e + 1
= e −e +1 = 1
f ( 4 ) = 4 ln ( 4 ) − 4 + 1
ln ( 2 2 ) = 2 ln ( 2 )
= 4 ln ( 22 ) − 4 + 1
= 8ln ( 2 ) − 3
1 = 8 × 0, 69 − 3 = 2,52
ln   = − ln ( x )
x  1
f   = − ln ( 3)  −1,1
3

  :‫اذ‬
 : f ′ ( x ) ‫ب‬78 .2
f ′ ( x ) = ( x ln ( x ) − x + 1)

f ′ ( x ) = ln ( x ) = ( x ln ( x ) )′ − ( x )′ + (1)′

= ( x )′ ln ( x ) + x ⋅ ln ′ ( x ) − 1 + 0
= ln ( x ) + 1 − 1

4 ‫ل‬B"‫ ذات ا‬:, ‫د اس !  ا‬$ .3

y = f ′ ( 4 )( x − 4 ) + f ( 4 ) :‫ه‬
. f ′ ( 4 ) = 1,38 ‫ و‬f ( 4 ) = 2, 25 ‫ ن‬y = 1,38x − 3 ‫أي‬
1 ‫ل‬B"‫ ذات ا‬:, ‫د اس !  ا‬$
y = f ′ (1)( x − 1) + f (1) :‫ه‬
f ′ (1) = 0 ‫ و‬f (1) = 0 ‫ ن‬y = 0 ‫أي‬
f ( x ) = 2 ln ( x ) − x : ‫] ب‬0, +∞[ ! "$‫ ا‬f ‫  اا‬$‫ﻥ‬
]0,3] ‫ال‬ ! f ‫ ات اا‬Y‫ ﺝول ﺕ‬Z!‫أ‬
]0,3] .‫ال‬ ?  (C f ) SF‫أﻥ‬
! [  $ $ " f ‫اا‬
:+?‫ا‬
. lim+ f ( x ) = −∞ ‫ اذن‬lim+ x = 0 ‫ و‬lim+ ln ( x ) = −∞  
x →0 x →0 x →0
2 2−x
.$:; 6‫ ﺝ‬x ‫ ( ن‬2 − x ) ‫ ه اﺵرة‬f ′ ( x ) ‫ اﺵرة‬f ′ ( x ) = −1 =
x x
: ‫ ه آ‬f ‫ ات‬Y‫و  = ﺝول ﺕ‬
x 0 2 3
f' ( x ) + -
-0,6
f(x)
-∞ -0,8

  :‫اذ‬