Pancreas

Introduction :

soft finely lobulated elongated exocrine gland

•
The is
pancreas
a . .
.

°
The
pancreatic juice helps in digestion of lipids carbohydrates , .

and
proteins whereas
pancreatic hormones maintain
glucose
homeostasis .

.
I -

shaped ,
with
length = 12 -
15cm

Width =3 -
4cm

Thickness = I -
5 -
2cm

htt so

Location 90g
- -

The
pancreas lie posterior wall in
Epigastric left
°

on &

hypochondriac regions between &

Tiz Lz vertebrae
-
-

• The
greater part of gland in utero
peritoneal
behind lesser
the serous
floor of sac .

the lie normal

Gts
left extremity the tail lies in
° -

ligament .

Parts :

o
4 parts -

cis Head
( 21 Neck
(3)
Body
(4) Tail

Head
of Pancreas :

• It in the
enlarged .
disc shaped right end of pancreas
-

,
which

lies in
concavity of C -

shaped duodenal loop in front g 12 .

° External Features : in Three borders 1- superior

Inferior
-

1- lateral
Right
 Anterior Posterior
Two
surfaces -
&

(3) One Uncinate Process

process
-
.

°
Relations :

upe-niobo.de -

*
first part of duodenum
(b)
Superior pancreatic duodenal o

Artery .

Imfeniorborderi
, third a
part of duodenum
(b) duodenal
inferior pancreatic A .

Rig htlder
(a) Second part of duodenum
lbs ant .
I
post pancreatic duodenal
.

Arterial arcades .

Anti-surface
( as
gastro duodenal A .

Lbs transverse colon

on root
of transverse meso colon
di
(
Jejunum .

Poster face Uniate process

( ai Ille ca ,
Anteriorly to superior mesenteric
(b) Renal Mein vessels
left
lb to abdominal aorta
(
c '
Bile duct ,
posteriorly .

id , Right cus
of diaphragm
 Heck of Pancreas :

constricted which connects

o
Gt in a
sleigh ly part of gland the head

with
body .
It in about as cm

long and in directed forward .

and
upward to the
left
External features :

o St
presents the following external
features :

Two
surfaces
: Anterior and posterior
Two borders & lower
upper
: .

Relations :

Anterior related to
•

surface in
pylorus
Posterior Commencement
surface of Postal vein
• =

Upper border = first part of duodenum .

lower border Root transverse colon

of
•
= meso .

Body of Ian creon :

a , It
elongated part
is
of gland extending from its neck to tail .

⑦ It
passes
towards the left of midline with a
slight upward
and backward inclination .

Vertebral
as It lies in
front of Column .
 External features :

somewhat section and presents

•
gt in
triangular in cross :

Anterior
borders :/
-

(1) Three

Superior
-

1-
Inferior
Three
cz,
surfaces : Anterior ,
posterior
and
inferior
(3) One : Tuber tale
process omen

Relations :

o
Anterior border = Provides attachment to root transverse meso colon
g

border Related
Superior to coeliac
artery
°
=
.

border mesenteric vessels

°

Inferior :
superior
. Anterior surface :
( as lesser sac

(b) stomach .

Posterior
surface Aorta
°

:( a)

cbs left kidney

(c) Splenic
usually lies vein

Inferior surface duodenojujanal flexure

°
: (a) .

(b) Coils og jejunum

left colic
flexure
(c' .

rt
 Tail g Pancreas :

o
gt is narrow
left extremity of Pancreas .

Lies in lie nominal

ligament
•

•
gt in mobile .

. 9T contains the
largest number
of islets g Langerhans per unit .

Relations :

• These are related to visceral

surface of spleen between
gastric
impression and colic
impression .

Ducats of Pancreas :

two ducts Main Pancreatic duct [ of Klin

sung)
there
Usually
°
are : ca ,

b, Pane duct [ of Santorini]

(
Accessory .

Main Pancreatic duet :

ca , It
begins in tail and transverse the whole length of gland
near its posterior surface .

cb , At the neck ,
it turns downward .
and then to the
right to

enter into second part n

duodenum .
 (c) It joins bile duet from
Vater )
hepab pancreatic ampulla ( g

o
gt in the only duct in 904 . cases .

Accessory Pancreatic
diet :

It
part of head
begins in lower
°
.

Opens into second

party duodenum ( about 2--3 cm above main

pancreatic duct )
•
In 40% cases it communicates with main duct while it
crossing
.
.

Arterial
- supply :
CB hog )
coeliac trunk )
( as
splenic Artery (
(
b,
superior pancreatic duodenal o
Artery f Gastro duodenal A)

cc ,
Inferior pancreatic duodenal Artery ( superior mesentery A.)

Venous Drainage :

( at Portal Vein

( bi
Superior mesenteric Vein
(c)
Splenic Vein .
 lymphatic drainage :

the arteries and drain

The
lymphatics from the
follow
°

pancreas
into
mainly the
following groups
:

Pancreatin Nodes ( main )

cas
splenic
(
bi Coeliac nodes

(c)
Superior mesenteric nodes .

( d, Pyloric nodes .

Nerve
Supply :

°
The
sympathetic and
parasympathetic Nerve fibers reach
gland
along its arteries coeliac mesenteric
from and
superior plexuses .

Sympathetic = Vasomotor ( on blood vessels )

Parasympathetic = Pancreatic secretion .

Development .
:

°
Pancreas develops from two separate
buds : ca , Ventral Pancreatic bud

( bi Dorsal Pancreatic bud .

°
The smaller Arises in common with hepatic bud

duodenum
The
larger More
proximally directly from
. later both buds
fine together -
[stages ]

Applied :

[ Pancreatic cancer
]
y.

Head
Mostly occurs in

9 Pancreas .

⑥
MedY%tu ins
.