Group 1 alkali metals electronic properties and valancy

The Group 1 elements in the periodic table are known as alkali metals. These elements include
lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), cesium (Cs), and francium (Fr). Electronic
Properties: Alkali metals have one valence electron in their outermost energy level. This electron is
relatively loosely held, making alkali metals highly reactive. They have a strong tendency to lose this
electron and form a +1 cation. As we move down the group, the atomic radius increases, and the
outermost electron is further away from the nucleus, resulting in weaker attraction and easier loss of
the electron. Valency: The valency of an element refers to its combining capacity or the number of
electrons it can gain, lose, or share to achieve a stable electron configuration. Alkali metals have a
valency of +1 because they readily lose their single valence electron to achieve a stable electron
configuration similar to the nearest noble gas, which has a full outer shell of electrons. In summary,
alkali metals have one valence electron and a valency of +1, which means they tend to lose this
electron to form a +1 cation and achieve a stable electron configuration.
group 1 alkali metals reacactivity

The Group 1 alkali metals, including lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), cesium
(Cs), and francium (Fr), are highly reactive elements. Here are some key points about their
reactivity: 1. Reactivity with Water: Alkali metals react vigorously with water, producing hydrogen gas
and an alkaline solution. The reactivity increases as you move down the group. For example, lithium
reacts slowly with water, sodium reacts more vigorously, and potassium reacts explosively. 2.
Reactivity with Oxygen: Alkali metals readily react with oxygen in the air to form metal oxides. This
reaction is exothermic and can result in the formation of a colored flame. The reactivity increases as
you move down the group. 3. Reactivity with Halogens: Alkali metals react with halogens (Group 17
elements) to form salts. For example, sodium reacts with chlorine to form sodium chloride (table
salt). The reactivity increases as you move down the group. 4. Reactivity with Acids: Alkali metals
react with acids to produce hydrogen gas and salts. The reactivity increases as you move down the
group. 5. Reactivity with Non-Metals: Alkali metals can also react with non-metals, such as sulfur
and phosphorus, to form compounds. Overall, alkali metals are highly reactive due to their low
ionization energies and the ease with
Group 8 noble gases properties elecrons

Stuwie
Group 8 of the periodic table consists of the noble gases, which include helium (He), neon (Ne),
argon (Ar), krypton (Kr), xenon (Xe), and radon (Rn). Here are some key properties of noble gases,
particularly regarding their electrons: 1. Electron Configuration: Noble gases have a full outer
electron shell, which makes them highly stable and unreactive. This electron configuration is known
as the "octet rule," where the outermost energy level contains eight electrons (except for helium,
which has only two electrons in its outer shell). 2. Valence Electrons: Noble gases have a valence
electron configuration of ns^2 np^6, where "n" represents the energy level. This means that the
outermost energy level is completely filled with electrons. 3. Unreactivity: Due to their full outer
electron shells, noble gases have little tendency to gain, lose, or share electrons with other
elements. As a result, they are chemically inert and have low reactivity. This stability is why they are
called "noble" gases. 4. Low Ionization Energy: Noble gases have high ionization energies, which
means it requires a significant amount of energy to remove an electron from their outer shell. This
further contributes to their low reactivity. 5. Colorless and Odorless: Noble gases are typically
colorless, odorless, and tasteless. They are gases at room temperature and have low boiling