General Science Booklet

Unit 1 – 5
Unit 1: Classification of matter
1. Which of the following statements about elements is true?
a. An element is composed of two or more different substances.
b. All known elements are naturally occurring.
c. Zinc, copper, and iron are elements.
d. There are about 150 known elements.
2. Table salt, NaCl, is an example of which type of material?
a. colloid
b. element
c. compound
d. mixture
3. Which of these describes a chemical change?
a. When liquid water is heated, it changes to a gas.
b. When a piece of rock salt is hit with a hammer, it forms smaller crystals.
c. A glass rod placed in a flame becomes hot.
d. Gasoline burns in an engine to form carbon dioxide and water.
4. Which of these is a homogeneous mixture?
a. milk
b. tea
c. sand on a beach
d. sodium chloride
5. Muddy water is an example of a __________.
a. compound
b. element
c. homogeneous mixture
d. heterogeneous mixture
6. If using a microscope allows you to see substances in a mixture, that mixture is ________.
a. heterogeneous
b. homogeneous
c. a solution
d. microgeneous
7. The ability of a metal to be drawn out into thin wires is a _________.
a. physical property
b. physical change
c. chemical property
d. chemical change
8. Which of the following is a chemical change?
a. burning of a log
b. evaporation of water off a lake
c. crushing an aspirin tablet
d. boiling water
9. A(n) ________ is a substance in which all the atoms in it are alike.
a. mixture
b. compound
c. solution
d. element
10. Which of the following is a physical property?
a. flammability
b. magnetic attraction
c. changes when exposed to light
d. ability to rust

11. A mixture in which particles are so small they cannot be seen with a microscope is a____.
a. solution
b. heterogeneous mixture
c. suspension
d. element

12. The proportions of substances in a mixture ________.

a. are always equal for each substance in the mixture
b. can vary among the substances
c. never can be determined accurately
d. are always the same for each substance

13. A change in size, shape, or state of matter is a ________.

a. chemical property
b. physical change
c. physical property
d. chemical change

14. Which of the following is a compound?

a. oxygen
b. vinegar
c. silicon
d. milk

15. A(n) ___________ is a substance in which atoms of two or more elements are combined in a
fixed proportion.
a. solution
b. compound
c. synthetic element
d. mixture

16. A _________ is a mixture that never settles.

a. homogeneous mixture
b. heterogeneous mixture
c. solution
d. element
In the blank on the left, label each of the following as a physical property, physical change,
chemical property, or chemical change.
Physical property 17. sharpening a pencil

Chemical Property 18. flammability of a substance

Physical property 19. inflating a tyre

Chemical Property 20. corrosion of bicycle frame

Chemical Property 21. formation of water when hydrogen burns

Unit 2: Classification of matter
1. ______ are atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons.
a. Isotopes
b. Beta particles
c. Compounds
d. Alpha particles

2. An atom containing six positive charges and six negative charges has ______ charge.
a. a positive
b. a negative
c. a strong negative
d. no net

3. Scientists have broken down protons and neutrons into smaller particles called _____.
a. nuclei
b. quarks
c. vacuoles
d. isotopes

4. Atoms consist of a positively charged center called a(n) _______.

a. proton
b. neutron
c. electron
d. nucleus

5. The negative charged particles outside the nucleus of an atom are _______.
a. extracellular material
b. electrons
c. neutrons
d. quarks

6. Which of the following atomic particles is electrically neutral?

a. neutron
b. proton
c. electron
d. positron

7. Which of the following models of the atom reflects the unpredictable motion of the electron?
a. solid ball the same throughout
b. small ball within a large shell containing empty space
c. ball of raisin-cookie dough with raising representing electrons
d. electron cloud

8. Which of the following atomic particles is positively charged?

a. neutron
b. electron
c. proton
d. negatron
9. The number of which type of particle determines the identity of an element?
a. Electrons
b. neutrons
c. protons
d. photons

10. Which group of elements on the periodic table is the least reactive?
a. Group 1
b. Group 18
c. Group 2
d. Group 17

11. The _________ of an atom is the number of neutrons plus protons.

a. nucleus number
b. half-life
c. mass number
d. atomic number

12. The atomic number of manganese is 25; its mass number is 55. How many neutrons does an atom of
manganese have in its nucleus?
a. 25
b. 30
c. 55
d. 60

13. The mass of proton is measured in ________.

a. atomic mass units
b. microns
c. minutiae
d. nanograms

14. Which of these particles are not hypothesized to be made up of smaller particles?
a. atoms
b. electrons
c. neutrons
d. protons

15. The element hydrogen has three naturally occurring isotopes. Which of the following describes the
relationship of these isotopes?
a. different mass, different atomic number
b. same mass, different atomic number
c. different mass, same atomic number
d. same mass, same atomic number
e.
16. Who formed the first periodic table?
a. Dalton
b. Moseley
c. Democritus
d. Mendeleev
 17. A capital letter or a combination of a capital letter and a small letter that is used to represent an
element is called a(n) .
a. Isotopes
b. Symbols
c. Formulas
d. Nucleus

18. The horizontal rows of elements are called .

a. Periods
b. Groups
c. Lines
d. Rows

19. Vertical columns of elements are called .

a. Periods
b. Groups
c. Lines
d. Rows

20. Complete the table below by writing the correct information in the blank spaces.
21.

Number of
Chemical Atomic Number of Number of Mass Located in
Element outer
symbol number protons neutrons number group
electrons

1. Sodium Na 11 11 12 23 1 1

2. Carbon C 6 6 6 12 4 4

3. Iron Fe 26 26 30 56 2 8

4. Sulfur S 16 16 16 32 6 6

5. Nitrogen N 7 7 7 14 5 5

6. Oxygen O 8 8 8 16 6 6

7. Flourine F 9 9 9 18 7 7

8. Chlorine Cl 17 17 18 35 7 7

9. Bromine Br 35 35 45 80 7 7

10. Lithium Li 3 3 4 7 1 1

11. Hydrogen H 1 1 0 1 1 1

12. Magnesium Mg 12 12 12 24 2 2

13. Calcium Ca 20 20 20 40 2 2

14. Beryllium Be 4 4 5 9 2 2
 Unit 3: Solids, liquids and gases
1. According to the kinetic theory, all matter is composed of ______.
A. Waves
B. Particles
C. solid material
D. plasma

2. The given diagram represents ____________ state of matter.

A. Solid
B. Liquid
C. Gas
D. Plasma

3. Which of the following best describes particles in a solid?

A. Molecules slide past each other; sample takes shape of container.
B. No attractive forces between particles.
C. Fills whatever container it is in.
D. Particles tightly packed together.
4. Atoms in a solid material are arranged in a geometric pattern called a(n) _______.
A. atomic model
B. kinetic framework
C. thermal ideal
D. crystal lattice
5. When the temperature of a substance is lowered, its particles _______.
A. vibrate more quickly
B. stop vibrating completely
C. escape the attractive forces of the other particles
D. vibrate more slowly
6. _______ is the energy an object has due to its motion.
A. Kinetic energy
B. Heat of vaporization
C. Heat of fusion
D. Diffusion
7. The _______ of a substance is the temperature at which a solid begins to liquefy.
A. heat of vaporization
B. heat of fusion
C. melting point
D. boiling point
8. The amount of energy needed to change a substance from solid to liquid phase is the substance's ___.
A. heat of vaporization
B. heat of transformation
C. melting point
D. heat of fusion
9. The energy required to change a liquid at its boiling point to a gas is ___________
A. heat of fusion
B. boiling point
C. heat of sublimation
D. heat of vaporization

10. Above sea level, water boils at a ________ temperature due to the ______ atmospheric pressure.
A. lower; decreased
B. lower; increased
C. higher; decreased
D. higher; increased

11. What is the most common state of matter in the universe?

A. solid
B. liquid
C. plasma
D. gas

13. Which of the following best describes particles in a solid?

A. Particles tightly packed together.
B. No attractive forces between particles.
C. Molecules slide past each other; sample take shape of container
D. Fills whatever container it is in

14. The _______ of a substance is the temperature at which a liquid begins to solidify.
A. heat of vaporization
B. freezing point
C. melting point
D. boiling point

15. On which points on the graph is water increasing in temperature?

A. F and G
B. G and K
C. F, G, H, and K
D. F and H
16. The diagrams show sealed containers, each of which contains a different substance. Which of these
diagrams represent the molecules of a gas?

17. A(n)______________________ is that type of a process that loses thermal energy.

E. exothermic reaction
F. endothermic reaction
G. reactive reaction
H. vaporization reaction

18. A(n) _________________________ is that type of a process that gains thermal energy.
A. exothermic reaction
B. endothermic reaction
C. reactive reaction
D. condensation reaction

19. The given graph shows _____________________________.

a. no proportioality
b. direct proportionality
c. irregular proportionality
d. Inverse proportionality

20. The given diagram represents ____________ state of matter.

a. inverse proportionality
b. direct proportionality
c. irregular proportionality
d. no proportionality
 Unit 4: Chemical formulas, compounds and equations
1. Binary compounds are composed of _____ atoms.
A. two
B. one
C. four
D. many
E.
2. How many oxygen atoms are there in each molecule of sucrose C12H22O11?
A. 12
B. 22
C. 11
D. 1
3. NaCI is the chemical formula for what?
A. water
B. chlorine gas
C. sodium chloride
D. sodium metal

4. The iodine ion carries what type of charge?

A. positive
B. neutral
C. both
D. negative

5. Francium, which is the same chemical family as sodium, will carry what type of charge?
A. negative
B. neutral
C. both
D. positive

6. What kind of charge does an ionic compound carry?

A. neutral
B. positive
C. negative
D. unknown

7. Binary compounds are composed of _____ atoms.

A. two
B. one
C. four
D. many
8. For an ion, the oxidation number is ______.
A. one less than the charge on the ion
B. the same as the charge on the ion
C. zero
D. always negative
 9. NO2 is the formula for _____.
A. nitrogen dioxide
B. noxide
C. nitrogen dioxate
D. nitrous dioxide
10. A complex ion is _____.
A. an ion made from a large atom
B. a single atom that has formed an ion
C. only found in compounds
D. an ion with more than one atom
11. Compounds that are hydrates contain which of the following?
A. nitrogen
B. water
C. hydrogen chloride
D. chlorine
12. A binary compound made with phosphorus will end with the word ________.
E. phosphate
F. phosphorus
G. phosphor
H. phosphide

13. How many electrons are required to complete the outer energy level of a phosphorous atom?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
14. What is the name of CuSO4?
A. Copper sulfate
B. Copper (I) sulfate
C. Copper (II) sulfate
D. Copper (III) sulfate
15. What is the formula for copper (l) sulfide?
A. CuS2
B. CuSO4
C. Co2S
D. Cu2S
16. What is the name of the compound whose formula is CaSO4?
A. Calcium sulfoxide
B. Calcium(ll) sulfate
C. Calcium sulfur tetroxide
D. Calcium sulfate
 17. The name of the given compound “CuSO4.5H2O” is _________.
A. Copper sulphate
B. Copper sulphate with water
C. Watery Copper sulphate
D. Copper(II) sulphate Pentahydrate

18. The name of the given compound “AlCl3.6H2O” is _________.

A. Aluminium Chloride with 6 water molecules
B. Aluminium Chloride hydrated
C. Watery Aluminium Chloride
D. Aluminium Chloride Hexahydrate

19. The name of the given compound “Na2CO3.10H2O” is _________.

A. sodium carbonate
B. Sodium carbonate with 10 water molecules
C. Watery Sodium carbonate
D. Sodium Carbonate Decahydrate

20. Balance a formula equation by inspection and by using coefficients.

Unit 5: Acids, bases and salts

1. A(n) is a substance that produces hydrogen ions in solution.
A. base
B. acid
C. indicator
D. salt

2. Which of the following statements about acids is NOT true?

A. Acids taste sour.
B. Acids are corrosive.
C. Acids from hydroxide ions in solution.
D. Many foods contain acids.
 3. A(n) is an organic compound that changes color in acid.
A. catalyst
B. base
C. indicator
D. salt

4. Which of the following acids is used in car batteries?

A. phosphoric
B. lactic
C. sulfuric
D. carbonic

5. Any substance that forms hydroxide ions in solution is a(n) .

A. acid
B. salt
C. indicator
D. base

6. Which of the following statements about bases is NOT true?

A. Pure, undissolved bases are often crystalline solids.
B. Bases form when acids react with metals.
C. Bases in solution feel slippery.
D. Bases form hydroxide ions in solution.

7. Which of the following bases can be ingested safely?

A. calcium hydroxide
B. sodium hydroxide
C. ammonia
D. aluminum hydroxide

8. Which of the following chemical formulas represents a base?

A. NaOH
B. CH2COOH
C. HCI
D. H2SO4

9. Which of the following represents a hydronium ion?

a. H30+
b. OH–
c. H+
d. H2O

10. _______ are salts.

a. Polymers
b. Titrations
c. Soaps
d. Esters

11. Which three acids are used in fertilizers?

a. acetic, carbonic, and hydrochloric
b. nitric, sulfuric, and phosphoric
c. nitric, acetic, and sulfuric
d. phosphoric, carbonic, and ascorbic
12. Common name of sodium hydroxide is _________________.
a. potash soda
b. Caustic soda
c. Caustic potash
d. Potash Caustic

13. Vinegar is _______________.

a. 5% Hydrochloric acid
b. 5% sulphuric acid
c. 5% Ascorbic acid
d. 5% acetic acid

14. The formula of Ascorbic acid is _______________.

a. H2C6H6O6
b. H2SO4
c. HNO3
d. H2CO3

15. Nitric acid is ____________ but turns _____________when exposed to light.

a. yellow, colorless
b. yellow, white
c. colorless, yellow
d. white, yellow

16. A chemical reaction between an acid and a base to form water and salt is called ________________.
a. acidification
b. basification
c. Neutralization
d. Saltation

17. Aluminum hydroxide is used as ___________.

a. digesting liquid
b. fertilizer
c. antacid
d. Cleaner

18. ________________ is used in carbonated drinks.

a. carbon monoxide
b. carbon dioxide
c. carbonic acid
d. pure carbon

19. Gastric juice in stomach is a solution of ________ and water.

a. HCl
b. H2SO4
c. H2CO3
d. HNO3
20. Fill in the Ven diagram.

21. Identify the acid, base, salt and water in the neutralization reaction below:

22. Complete the graphic organizer describing the formation of a salt.