CONTEMPORARY-REVIEWER

Module 7 Overview: Globalization and Media

1. Introduction

• The media serves as a key driver of globalization.

• Plays a crucial role in culture exchange and information flow between countries.
• Various forms of media: internet, TV, radio, newspapers, books, etc.
• Explores the significant role of media in the globalization process.

3. Content

• Communication Media:
• Explores different forms like social media, blogging, and online content creation.
• Mass Media and Violence:
• Discusses the impact of television on children's behavior and aggression.
• Limits of Media Power:
• Examines informational power and technological and social limits.

4. Lesson 1: Media Communication

• Social media's transformative impact on information consumption.

• Categorization of social media services: messaging, communities, sharing, bookmarking,
collaboration, opinions, and virtual worlds.
• Television's influence on violence and aggression in children.

5. Lesson 2: The Mass Media

• Definition and role of mass media.

• Five stages of mass communication: creation, dissemination, reception, interpretation, and influence.
• Intended effects of mass media, including advertising, political campaigns, and propaganda.

6. Lesson 3: Media Ethics

• Overview of media ethics divided into metaethics, normative ethics, and descriptive ethics.
• Exploration of ethical principles in media, including morality, exploitation, offensive material, and
representational issues.
• Examination of ethical philosophies: deontology, teleological ethics, and situation ethics.

7. Lesson 4: Religion and Mass Media

• Examines diverse Christian traditions' reactions to mass media.

• Focus on audience perceptions and responses to media within the context of religious influences.
• Addresses the intersection of religion, mass media, and individual faith experiences.
 Module 8 Overview: The Globalization of Religion

1. Introduction/Overview

• Examines challenges in objectively studying religion.

• Addresses the persistent belief in supernatural beings despite scientific advancements.
• Explores Emile Durkheim's three major functions of religion: social cohesion, social control, and
providing meaning.
• Discusses the tension between globalization and efforts to secularize religions.

3. Content

• Defining Religion:
• Social institution involving a unified system of beliefs and practices recognizing the sacred.
• Emile Durkheim's definition emphasizing moral community and sacred elements.
• World’s Largest Religions:
• Overview of Christianity, Islam, and Hinduism.
• Denominations within Christianity (Catholic, Protestant, Orthodox).
• Branches of Islam (Sunni, Shia) and Sufism.
• Hindu beliefs in Dharma, Artha, Karma.

4. Lesson 1: Defining Religion and World’s Largest Religions

• Emile Durkheim's sociological and functional definition.

• Overview of the world's largest religions: Christianity, Islam, Hinduism.
• Denominations within Christianity and branches of Islam.

5. Lesson 2: Globalization Versus Religion

• Contrasts between religion and globalization, focusing on sacred vs. material values.
• Emphasis on divine commandments vs. human-made laws.
• Exploration of moral terms, wealth, and the spread of ideas.
• Globalization's impact on religion and the flexible relationship between the two.

Module 9 Overview: Global Demography, Population, Urbanization, and Ecology

1. Introduction/Overview

• Population and ecology are interconnected; population growth impacts the environment.
• Overpopulation contributes to deforestation, floods, landslides, and threatens life forms.
• Ecological problems exacerbate challenges for human populations.
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• 3. Content
• Contents:
• Demography, population, urbanization, and ecology.
• Tools of demography, registration.
• Malthusian theory of population.
• Stages of demographic transition.

4. Lesson 1: Sources of Demographic Data

• Demographic Data:
• Study of statistics illustrating changing human population structures.
• Includes socio-economic factors like births, deaths, income, and disease incidence.
• Sources of Demographic Data:
• Population Census: Official count every 10 years, covering age, sex, employment.
• Registration: Recording vital events, including births, deaths, marriages.
• Sample Surveys: Collecting information from a sample of individuals.

5. Lesson 2: Malthusian Theory of Population

• Major Elements:
• Population and food supply dynamics.
• Population grows exponentially, while food supply grows arithmetically.
• Checks on Population:
• Positive checks (natural calamities) and preventive checks (self-control, late marriage).
• Balancing population growth and food supply to prevent catastrophic effects.

6. Lesson 3: Urbanization

• Executive Summary:
• Urbanization as a driver for growth and poverty reduction.
• Cities concentrate economic activity but require careful management.
• Competitive cities foster job creation, productivity, and income growth.
• Urbanization in the Philippines: Positive impacts on productivity and growth but facing
challenges.
• Structural issues and binding constraints affecting urbanization.
• Opportunities for leveraging urbanization through bold reforms.

Module 10 Overview: Global Cities

1. Introduction/Overview

• Definition: Global cities are strategic geographic locales influencing global affairs beyond socio-
economic factors.
• Influence extends to culture and politics.
 2. Learning Outcomes

• Key Objectives:
1. Understand attributes of rising global cities.
2. Explain facts about global cities.
3. Determine general characteristics of global cities.
4. Identify problems in cities.
5. Explore human ecology and environmental concerns in global cities.
6. Evaluate the world of cities.

3. Lesson 1: The Rise of Global Cities

• Early Urbanization:
• Improved farming led to permanent settlements.
• Surplus food allowed specialization and societal hierarchy.
• Urban Development Patterns:
• Dual processes of external expansion and internal growth.
• Problems in Cities:
• Crime, air pollution, fiscal challenges, crowding, housing, homelessness, traffic, mental health
issues, education.

4. Lesson 2: General Characteristics of Global Cities

• Characteristics of Global Cities:

• International recognition without political subdivisions.
• Active influence in world affairs.
• Large population, major international airport, advanced transportation, and communications.
• Presence of international cultures, financial institutions, cultural institutions, media outlets, and
sporting facilities.

5. Lesson 3: The World of Cities

• Human Ecology and Environmental Concerns:

1. Lack of community and individualism.
2. Environmental threats due to rapid urbanization and climate change.
3. Inequality in resource provision and resilience.
4. Resource demands, urban sprawl, and impact on nature.
5. Influence on the hydrological cycle and water contamination.
• Challenges for Future Cities:
0. Economic Powerhouses: Drive the global economy with head offices, businesses, legal and
consulting expertise.
1. Connectivity: Major airports and infrastructure make them accessible.
2. Knowledge Unlock: Top educational institutions contribute to knowledge dissemination.
 Module 11 Overview: Sustainable Development

1. Introduction/Overview

• Population Challenges:
• Record high global population due to high birth rates in poor nations and lowered death rates.
• Urgency in reducing fertility and addressing socio-economic issues in overpopulated countries.
• Urbanization adding to problems, especially in emerging super cities.
• Environmental challenges stemming from both population increase and high consumption
levels in rich nations.

3. CONTENT

1. Food Sustainability:
• Decision-making factors: convenience, taste, price.
• Factors include resource usage, environmental impact, agricultural practices, health
considerations, and social-economic impact.
• Sustainable farming practices, low environmental impact, animal welfare, public health, good
employment practices, and community support.
2. Food Security:
• Definition: Physical, social, and economic access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food.
• Components: Food access, distribution, stability, and use.
• Factors causing food insecurity: poverty, food distribution, political-agricultural practices,
environmental factors, economic and political reasons.

4. MODULE 11 Lesson 1: Population

• Global Population Statistics (Table 11.1):

• Births, deaths, net increase per year, per month, per day, per hour, per minute, and per second.
• Rich societies' consumption impacting poor countries' future security.
• Three sustainable development strategies: population control, conservation of finite resources,
and waste reduction.
• Food Sustainability:
• Factors influencing decisions to buy food.
• Sustainable food encompasses production, distribution, and consumption.
• Factors of food sustainability: farming practices, low environmental impact, animal welfare,
public health, and community support.
• Food Security:
• Definition, components, and factors behind food insecurity.
• Complexity and multifaceted causes, including food distribution, political-agricultural practices,
environmental factors, and economic/political reasons.

5. MODULE 11 Lesson 2
• Results of Food Insecurity:
• Individual level consequences: physical, social, and psychological problems.
• Paradoxical link to obesity, especially in women and girls.
• Health issues in infants and toddlers, negative impacts on academic performance and social
skills in older children.
• Global consequences: underweight and stunted growth in children.
• Solutions to Food Insecurity:
• Sustainable agriculture, focusing on diverse practices that increase yield.
• Improving agricultural biodiversity to protect against crop devastation.
• Policy changes favoring sustainable, locally produced food.
• Embracing food justice and food sovereignty movements advocating fair distribution and local
production.
• Conclusion:
• Sustainable development necessitates addressing poverty, sustainable agriculture, policy
changes, and embracing food justice and sovereignty movements.

Module 12 Overview: Global Citizenship

1. Introduction/Overview

• Definition of Global Citizenship:

• Concept that emphasizes the rights and civic responsibilities of individuals as members of the
global community.
• Identity transcends geography, and rights or responsibilities are derived from membership in a
broader community.
• Term may align with "world citizen" or "cosmopolitan" but holds specialized meanings in
various contexts.

3. CONTENT

1. Global Citizenship:
• Understanding the concept and its varied meanings.
2. Global Citizenship Education:
• Importance in an interconnected world.
• Values, skills, and knowledge necessary for engaging with the world.
3. Barriers to Global Citizenship Education:
• Social, cultural, economic, political, and religious barriers.
4. UNESCO's Role:
• Contributions and initiatives in promoting Global Citizenship Education.

4. MODULE 12 Lesson 1: Globalization Citizenship Education

• Global Challenges:
• Internet usage and connectivity statistics.
 • Increase in global air transportation.
• Interconnectedness in world exports.
• Global Citizenship:
• Definition and attributes of a global citizen.
• Global Citizenship Education (GCED):
• Beyond traditional topics, focusing on tolerance, peace, diversity, and sustainable development.
• Empowering learners to address global challenges.
• Transformative Nature of GCED:
• Real-life impact on human rights, democracy, tolerance, and sustainable development.
• Advantages and Disadvantages:
• Benefits of GCED include decreased online education prices and a more knowledgeable global
populace.
• Challenges involve misuse of the internet, unequal power distribution, and potential lack of
support for those facing challenges.
• UNESCO's Role:
• Bringing together experts, mainstreaming GCED, promoting transformative teaching, and
supporting a network of stakeholders.

5. MODULE 12 Lesson 2: Barriers and UNESCO's Initiatives

• Barriers to GCED:
• Emphasis on academic achievement, outdated curricula, lack of teacher capacity, inadequate
focus on values, and a lack of leadership.
• Changes Needed in Education:
• Revamping education contents, enhancing teacher knowledge and ability, and fostering a
supportive learning environment.
• Advantages and Disadvantages of GCED:
• Benefits include reduced prices for online education and overcoming geographical limits.
• Challenges involve potential misuse of the internet and issues related to course selection and
coaching.
• UNESCO's Initiatives:
• Information sharing, mainstreaming GCED, promoting transformative teaching, and supporting
a stakeholder network.
• Who is a Global Citizen?
• Defined by respect for justice, equality, and diversity, and the commitment to take actions for
positive change.
• How Can GCED Help Us All?
• Encourages critical thinking, respect for diversity, and active engagement in local and global
communities.
• Fosters a more just, peaceful, tolerant, and sustainable world.
• What Can You Do?
• Think, share, and act: Learn about global issues, spread knowledge, and contribute to making
the world more just, peaceful, tolerant, and sustainable.