English Grade 8

Quarter 4 Module 1
Grammatical Signals
(General-Particular,
Claim and Counterclaim)
A. Grammatical Signals
Use appropriate grammatical signals or expressions
suitable to each pattern of idea development
B. Concept Notes
What is idea development

Idea development is the manner, pattern or method by which a writer or speaker

explains his main idea about a topic in a paragraphs. In additions, to make your ideas
coherent it is a paramount that you use appropriate words that would connect all the
ideas as you develop your piece. In English, these words are called Grammatical
Signals.

Grammatical signals are writing devices that signal relationships between sentences or
the one ahead of it. It is very essential device in text construction. This also give hints to
the readers on what is about to happen in what they are reading.
Grammatical signals serve to maintain text coherence. A coherence paragraph
has sentences that all logically follow each other; they are not isolated thougths.
Coherence can be achieved in several ways and one of grammatical signal

Grammatical signals can be an aid in the development of the following idea patterns
A. General to Particular
B. Claim and counterclaim
GENERAL TO PARTICULAR
In composition, general to particular specific order is a method of development a
paragraph,essay or speech by moving from a broad observation about a topic to
specific details in support of that topic (Nordquist,2020). Grammarical signals help aid in
the development of this idea pattern. Here some examples of grammatical signal for
this usage.

Grammatical Signals to indroduce primarily

General Ideas principally
ordinarily
generally
conventionally
uneversally
largely
typically
Grammatic Signals to introduce as an example
Particular Ideas in addition to,
for example
specifically
in this case
to illustrate
for instance
one example of this is
to demonstrate
on this occasion
one kind of these

Examples

1.The Philippines is known to its vividly colorful and sweet-smelling tropical flowers. One
of these kind is sampaguita which is the national flower typically grown using cuttings.
 2. The School Head loves all his subordinates. Specifically, he dearly loves all the
students and parents.

3. Indigenous games in the Philippines are games commonly played by children, usually
using native materials or instruments. As an example, luksong baka,patintero and
tumbang preso are some of the well-organized traditional Philippine games.

Steps in using the General-to-Particular pattern of idea

1.State your general ideas.
2. Provide specific ideas to support your general idea.
3. Use appropriate grammatical signals as you lay down your specific ideas.
CLAIM and COUNTERCLAIM
Claim and counterclaim is a common argumentative writing where the pattern of organization
refers to the structure of an argument where there is more than one side to a debate. Usually
writers use evidences to support their claim (Tzanakis,2013)
Claim is a statementor declaration of a belief,stance or opinion. A counterclaim is a
statement that provides on opposing or different belief,perception,opinion or idea.

Reasons must be provided in support for claims and evidences provides date to explain
why and/or how a claim is valid.
Grammatical Signals can be utilized in establishing ideas in this pattern.
Here are some examples of Grammatical Signals can be used in Claim and
Counterclaim
Grammatical Signals to introduce according to (someone,a study/fact, research)
Claims evidence shows
the study reveals that
(the audithor) claims
the work of (someone) indicates
Grammatical Signals to Introduce One the one hand
Counterclaims on the other hand
although
in reality
author(X) contradicts what she says earlier
while she argues , she also
I agree that . However,
This is not to say that
(Someone) argue that
While it might be true that...but I argue...
A common argument againts this position
is...but...
It maybe true...however...
Examples;
1.It maybe true however the teenage pregnancy raye in the philippineswas 10% in 2008,
down to 9% in 2017.
 2. The results showed a below average score in the pretest and an above average scores
in the student's posttest. When tested for a significant difference between theur pretest and
posttest mean scores, it was found out to be statistically significant

3. In extant Poetics, Aristotle argues that comedy imitates ''the action of men worse that
ourselves.

Steps in writing a text using the claim and counterclaim pattern of idea development;
1.State your claim.
2. State your counterclaim
3. State your reasons/evidence to support your counter claim.
4. Restate your counterclaim.