1.

Brittle Nails
-Too much or too little moisture, usually due to external factors, is the most
likely cause of brittle nails. The AOCD define two broad categories of brittle
nails due to moisture issues: hard and brittle, and soft and brittle.

2. Chronic Paranychia
- is an inflammatory disorder of the nail folds of a toe or finger presenting as
redness, tenderness, and swelling. It is recalcitrant dermatoses seen commonly in
housewives and housemaids. It is a multifactorial inflammatory reaction of the
proximal nail fold to irritants and allergens.

3. Ingrown Nails
- An ingrown toenail occurs when the nail plate grows into the periungual skin and
causes inflammation and infection. It causes considerable pain, discomfort, and
disability if left untreated. An ingrown toenail may present at any age, but most
commonly it affects teenagers and young adults.

4. Nail Fungus
- is a common infection of the nail. It begins as a white or yellow-brown spot
under the tip of your fingernail or toenail. As the fungal infection goes deeper,
the nail may discolor, thicken and crumble at the edge. Nail fungus can affect
several nails.

5. Nail Leukonychia
- Leukonychia, or white nails, is usually not an alarming sign, but it can
sometimes unmask severe systemic disorders or congenital conditions. The white
color can be due to nail plate or nail bed abnormalities. Differentiating between
these two is essential in the classification and interpretation of leukonychia.

6. Nail Onycholysis
- is a common nail disorder in which the nail plate has separated from the nailbed
typically resulting in a well-defined area of white opaque nail.

7. Nail Onychogryphosis
- is a nail disease that causes one side of the nail to grow faster than the
other. The nickname for this disease is ram's horn nails because the nails are
thick and curvy, like horns or claws. Onychogryphosis mostly affects the toes —
specifically the big toes.

8. Nail Psoriasis
- is an autoimmune disease that causes discoloration, pitting and changes in the
structure of your nails. It can make you feel self-conscious, though you can buff
your nails and apply nail polish to improve their appearance.

9. Nail Subungual Hematoma

- are injuries of the nail bed in which bleeding develops under the nail. Patients
usually complain of pain and discoloration of the nail. The damage is caused by a
direct blow or a crush injury to the distal phalanx, for example, getting a finger
pinched in a doorway.