Disorders of the Nail

Toniann Campbell
Cosmetology
Mona High School
Mrs.Rennie-cain
 Table of Contents

Nail Disorders Pages

Corrugations 1

Furrows 2

Leuconychia 3

Onychauxis 4

Pterygium 5

Onychophagy 6

Onychorrhexis 7

Hangnail(Agnai) 8

Eggshell Nails 9

Blue Nails 10
 Acknowledgement

First and foremost I would like to thank the Almighty God

for his many blessings and guidance throughout this
period.I have put in a lot of effort in completing this
project.I would also like to express my special thanks of
gratitude to my teacher Mrs.Rennie-cain who gave me the
opportunity to do this wonderful project on the topic
Disorders of the Nails.This helped me in doing a lot of
research and I came to know about so many new things
and for that I am really thankful.
 Introduction

What are Nail Disorders?How can they be treated in the

salon?Nail disorders are a large group of conditions that
affect the appearance of fingernails and toenails. Nails can
reveal a lot about your child's health. Infections caused by
bacteria, fungus or viruses, underlying conditions and
inherited ailments can all cause abnormalities in the nails.
In this project,the different types of nail disorders will be
discussed and how they are treated in the salon.

What is ‘Corrugations’?
Corrugations are wavy ridges that either run lengthwise or
across the surface of the nails.It is uneven growth in nails
and can be caused by injury or illness.

How to treat Corrugations

Carefully buff the nails to minimize ridges and apply ridge

filler base coat to give it a smoother look.

1
What is ‘Furrows’?
Furrows are long ridges that run across the nail.Some
lengthwise ridges are normal in adult nails and they
increase with age; lengthwise ridges can also be caused
by conditions such as psoriasis, poor circulation, and/or
frostbites.

How to treat Furrows

Gently buff nails to remove ridges.

2
What is ‘Leuconychia’?
Leukonychia also called white nails is an abnormal
whiteness of the nails either partial (spot) or in streak
forms. It may be congenital or acquired.This is commonly
caused by physical injury or disruption of the nail matrix.

How to Treat ‘Leukonychia’

If it is caused by a fungal infection then the use of an

antifungal medication can be used to treat it. Leukonychia
can also be buffed away with the use of topical antifungal
or nail solution.

3
 What is ‘Onychauxis’?

Onychauxis is a condition in which the fingernails or

toenails grow abnormally thick.The long-term stress on the
nail beds and nail plates may trigger the unusual growth.
Wearing shoes that are too tight or too small can also
cause this condition.

How to treat Onychauxis

Trim nails carefully,feet can be soaked in a bowl of water

with 3/4 tablespoons of cider vinegar 3 times a week to
soften the nail before buffing to remove the top layer.

4
What is ‘Pterygium’?
Pterygium is a disorder that occurs by an overgrowth of
the proximal nail fold on to the nail bed.It is a
“wing-shaped” cutaneous fold arising from the proximal
nail fold that fuses with the nail matrix and then the nail
bed, thus splitting the nail plate into two lateral segments.

How to treat Pterygium

Treatment for pterygium begins with topical steroids in the
form of creams and lotions, or anti-inflammatory
medications.
5

What is ‘Onychophagy’?
Onychophagy also known as nail biting is a nail disease
caused by repeated injuries of nails.This is an oral
compulsive habit of biting one's nails.

How to treat Onychophagy

No treatment is necessary for mild onychophagia as a

child can often outgrow the habit,However it is
recommended keeping the nails short and neatly trimmed,
manicured, or covered to minimize the temptation to
nail-bite.
6

What is ‘Onychorrhexis’?
Onychorrhexis is a condition that causes vertical ridges to
form on the fingernails.It is split or brittle nails caused by
an injury,careless filing of the nails and/or nail polish
remover.

How to treat Onychorrhexis

Onychorrexis isn't usually cause for concern,however,use

ridge fillers and buff nails gently.

What is ‘Hangnails(Agnail)’?
A hangnail is a piece of skin near the root of the nail that
appears jagged and torn. Hangnails generally appear on
the fingers and not on the toes, though it's possible to
have one around a toenail.

How to treat Hangnails

Soften the hangnail with warm, soapy water. You can also
apply mineral oil or petroleum jelly very gently to the area
in a circular motion. Use a sanitized nail clipper or cuticle
scissor to cut off the hangnail.

8
What is ‘Eggshell Nails’?
This is when the nail plates separate from the nail bed and
curve at the free edge.This can be caused by improper
diet, internal disease, medication, or nervous disorders.

How to treat Eggshell Nails

Eggshells can be treated by moisturizing the nails, and by

taking the necessary medications prescribed.

9
What is ‘Blue Nails’?
Blue nails are commonly caused by cyanosis, which
happens when there's a lack of oxygen in the blood.The
medical term for the bluish hue of the skin, including
underneath the fingernails.

How to treat Blue Nails

Rest: Limit use of the affected finger or toe.

Ice: Use an ice pack, to reduce swelling and pain.
Compression: Apply pressure such as a wrap to the area
immediately, to reduce the amount of blood that can pool.
Elevation: Keep the affected hand or foot elevated, to
reduce swelling.
10

Reference Page
https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-treatment-for-the-eggs
hell-nail-disorder

https://www.healthline.com/health/hangnail#:~:text=A%20
hangnail%20is%20a%20piece,an%20infected%20or%20i
ngrown%20nail.
https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/wh
at-to-know-about-onychorrhexis
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/onychophagy#:~:text=the%20
habit%20of%20biting%20one's%20nails
https://www.nailsmag.com/387171/under-the-microscope-
pterygium#:~:text=Treatment%20for%20pterygium%20be
gins%20with,to%20be%20removed%20through%20surger
y.
https://perks.optum.com/blog/fingernails-turning-blue-caus
es-treatment-and-more/#:~:text=Blue%20fingernails%20ar
e%20commonly%20caused,of%20cyanosis%3A%20perip
heral%20and%20central.