NAIL CARE

Nail offers protection to the toes and

fingers.
Nail is horny and translucent at the
same time, formed mainly from
keratin which is a substantial protein
coming from all horny tissue.
ONYX
-professional terminology for nail

ONYCHOLOGY
- body of science that studies the nail.
What is the characteristics of a
healthy nail?
-firm
-flexible
-slightly pink
-smooth surface
-unspotted
Nail Physical
Structure
Parts of the Nail
The nail is made up of three parts:

 nail body
 nail root
 free edge


Nail Body or Nail Plate
–this is the visible portion
of the nail that is attached
to the nail bed.

Free Edge
–the end portion of the
nail plate and extends
beyond the fingertip. It is
shaped during a manicure.
Nail Root
–it is the beginning of
the nail found at the
base which is embedded
underneath the skin.
Structures
Beneath the Nail
The structures beneath the nail
include:
 nail bed
 matrix
 lunula
Nail Bed
– resting place of the
nail body/nail plate.
Matrix
– part of the nail bed
that is located beneath
the nail root. It
produces cells that
generate and harden
the nail.
Lunula
– a half-moon shape
that can be found at
the base of the nail.
Structures
Surrounding the
Nail
The structures surrounding the nail include:
 cuticle
 eponychium
 hyponychium
 nail walls
 nail grooves
 mantle
Cuticle
- the overlapping skin
around the nail. A normal
cuticle should be loose
and pliable.
Eponychium
- cuticle extension at the
base of the nail body
which partly overlaps the
lunula.
Hyponychium
– the portion of the skin
under the free edge of the
nail.
Nail Walls
– folds of the skin
overlapping the sides of
the nail.
Nail Grooves
- are slits or tracks in the
skin at the side of the nail
upon which the nail
moves as it grows.
Mantle
– deep fold of the skin in
which the nail root is
embedded.
The growth of the nails of the adults
reaches 1/8 inch per month, children,
on the other hand, have rapid
growth of nails, a great disparity of
speed to the elderly. Toenails are
thicker and harder than fingernails,
however, its growth is slower.
NAIL DISEASES
AND DISORDERS
What is the importance of learning
about nail diseases or disorders?
-prevent the spread of infectious
diseases
-preserve the health of an
individual
-appreciate the value of proper
sanitation.
Onychosis
refers to any disease, disorder, or
condition of the nails.
Nail Disorders
-are conditions caused by injury to the
nails, diseases, or imbalances in the
body.
Nail Diseases
-are problems of nails from fungal and
bacterial infections that causes nail
abnormalities.
Sterilization
-the process of destroying
microorganisms which are sources of
diseases.
 NAIL
DISEASES
Onychia -
Inflammation of the nail
matrix accompanied by
pus formation caused by
improperly sanitized nail
implements and bacterial
infections.
Treatment/Care/Prevention

Always keep the nails clean and use

properly sanitized implements.
Onychomycosis -
ringworm of the nails. An
infectious disease caused
by a fungus which
commonly appears in
whitish patches from the
nail surface.
Treatment/Care/Prevention

Keep the nails dry and clean, use an

antifungal spray or powder and avoid
cutting the skin around the nails since
this may be an entry point for infection.
Paronychia -
Inflammation of the
skin around the nail
caused by bacteria.
Treatment/Care/Prevention

Keep your hands and feet

dry and clean. Avoid cutting your
cuticles or pushing them back.
 NAIL
DISORDERS
Cyanosis -
Bluish nail
not enough oxygen
lung and heart problem
Treatment/Care/Prevention

It is recommended to see a physician.

Bruised nail -
discoloration under the
nail due to trauma on
the nail plate. It causes
injuries to the nail
where blood is trapped.
Treatment/Care/Prevention

This can be treated by not applying

pressure on the nail plate.
Corrugations -

Wavy ridges caused by

uneven growth of the
nails, usually the result
of illness or injury.
Treatment/Care/Prevention

It is recommended to buff the nails

carefully to help remove or minimize the
ridges.
Hangnails -

Split cuticles; loose skin

separates from the
cuticle. This is caused
by dry cuticle.
Treatment/Care/Prevention

This may be trimmed with cuticle

nippers, moisturize and apply cuticle oil.
Koilonychia -

-Spoon Nails
- iron deficiency anemia
Treatment/Care/Prevention

It is recommended to file nails carefully

with no pressure and use nail polish to
harden and protect the nail.
Leukonychia -

A condition in which
white spots appear on
the nails but do not
indicate disease
Treatment/Care/Prevention

Eating food that is rich in zinc on a daily

basis can diminish the white spots.
Onychauxis -

An overgrowth of the
nail in thickness rather
than length caused by
an infection. It can be
hereditary.
Treatment/Care/Prevention

File the nail smooth and buff it

regularly.
Onychophagy -

Bitten Nails
Caused by nervous
habit and stress related.
It is a sign of persistent
anxiety.
Treatment/Care/Prevention

Do not bite your nails.

Pterygium -
The inward advance of
skin over the nail plate.
This results in the loss
of the nail plate due to
the. Development of
scar tissue.
Treatment/Care/Prevention

Never attempt to remove pterygium

instead, consult a physician for advice
and treatment.
Onychocryptosis -
-ingrown nails
-nail grows into the sides
of the flesh and may
cause infection.
-Improper trimming and
shaping of nails
Treatment/Care/Prevention

Cut the nails properly and wear

comfortable shoes that fits perfectly.
Onychogryposis -
nail curvature is
increased and enlarged;
the nail becomes thicker
Treatment/Care/Prevention

Apply a moisturizing cream on the nails

every time you wash your hands or feet.
Nails should always be trimmed and
avoid tight-fitting footwear.
Onycholysis -
A loosening of the nail
caused by internal
disorder, infection, or
drug treatment.
Treatment/Care/Prevention

It is recommended to keep the nails

short and avoid nail polish.
THANK
YOU!