XII

BEAUTY AND
TVL –
HE 2 NAIL CARE
SERVICES

Prepared by:
JENESA S. MARTINOTE
Subject Teacher
BEAUTY AND NAIL CARE SERVICES

CHAPTER 4

TOPIC : NAIL SHAPE AND DISORDER

OBJECTIVES:

At the end of the lesson the students are able to:

1. 1. Identify nail structure and shapes

2. Enumerate the parts of the nail
3. Recognize common nail disorder and diseases

PRETEST

Multiple Choices

Direction: Write the letter of the correct answer on the space provided
before the number.

________1. A person who is responsible enough of the nail conditions

of his or her clients

a.manicurist b.pedicurist c.nail technician d.beautician

________2.It refers to the detachment of the nail from the nail bed nad
is caused by psoriasis and ringworm.

a.koilonychia b.onycholysis c.onychia d.paronychia

________3.Type of nail disorder that may pose a great threat in your

health as they signifies poor blood circulation or heart trouble.

a.blue nails b.hang nails c.furrows d.pterygium

________4.What is another term for “nail bitting”?

a.koilonychia b.onycholysis c.onychia d.onychophagy

________5.It is the regularities of nail due to improper habits, poor

hygiene and incorrect way of manicuring.

a.nail failure b.nail disorder c.nail disease d.b/c

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________6.What is the color of healthy nails?

a.pinkish b.yellowish c.blue d.white

________7. It is a skin condition in which the cuticle around the nail

splits.

a.blue nails b.hang nails c.furrows d.pterygium

________8.It is a half-moon design around the nail.

a.nail bed b.nail matrix c.free edge d.lunula

________9. A nail shape that best for short finger because it replicates
the shape of the finger and gives a longer appearance.

a.round nails b.oval nails c.square nails d.squoval nails

________10. Another shape of the nail that is also a safe choice

because it’s easy to maintain and complements longer fingers or
larger hands.

a.round nails b.oval nails c.square nails d.squoval nails

________11.It is also known as “pointed nail”.

a.almond nail b. stiletto nails c.oval nail d.square nail

________12. Is a condition in which a clot of blood formed under the

nail plate.

a.ingrown nails b. onychorhexis c.bruised nails d.hang nails

________13. Qualities of a nail when a strong nail does not easily break
when subjected to a great force.

a. hardness b. Flexibility c. Toughness d. Strength

________14. Is a condition that refers to brittle or split nails.It can

caused by

a.ingrown nails b. onychorhexis c.bruised nails d.hang nails

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________15. Is an extension of the proximal nail fold of the structure of

the nail.

a.cuticle b.lunula c.nail bed d.nail plate

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I-PREPARATORY

Activity:

Direction: Look at your finger nails now, what is the shape of your
nails?
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II-EXPLORATORY

Shield nails

QUICK CHECK!!

What you have observe about the pictures? Write your answer on
another sheet of paper.
III-FIRM UP

LESSON 1-NAIL Diseases and Nail Disorder

Are your nails healthy?

Normal nails are translucent or semi-transparent at most. This quality

makes they appear pinkish especially when there is an increased
circulation of blood through the finger and toenails. Healthy nails are
also strong and intact, not loose and cracked. To maintain such
condition it is advised to eat protein-rich foods.

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Monitoring the color, hue, texture and structure of ones nails can help
in determining the presence of any impending disease .For instance;
yellowish nails may be signal lung or liver diseases. If you notice that
your nails color is different, consider consulting a health professional to
find out if this condition is hereditary and normal or already a sign of
threatening illness. If any ailment is detected early on, you will be able
to undergo the necessary treatment to avoid worse condition.

The human nail is a plate of keratin that lies on the tips of the fingers
and toes. The nail supports the sensitive tips of our fingers and toes
.The finger nails help in the picking up objects, scratching an itch and
other activities.

The human nail is constantly growing. In childhood, it takes about 3

months for the nails to grow out completely while this may take up to 6
months in the elderly.

Like any part or organ of the human body, the condition of the finger
nails and toenails are dependent on the general health status.
Therefore, changes and defects in the nails may be indicative of certain
systemic diseases.

COMMON NAIL PROBLEMS

NAIL TECHINCIAN -should be aware of the nail conditions of his or her

clients. As they inspect the nails of their clients, they must know
whether the nail is healthy or not .

QUALITIES OF HEALTHY NAIL

 HARDNESS-this quality of nails that shows how easy or difficult

the nail plate is dented or scratched. If nail plate is scratched or
dented easily, it is not hard rough.
 Flexibility-this is the ability of the nail to be bent to a certain
extent.
 Strength –a strong nail does not easily break when subjected to a
great force.
 Toughness –for a nail to be considered tough, it has to have all
the qualities mentioned above.
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Signs and symptoms of nail disorder

 Discoloration of spotting nails

 Painful red swelling of the finger nails
 There are pits, ridges and scars

NAIL DISORDER AND THEIR CHARACTERISTICS

1.HANG NAILS –is a skin condition in which the cuticle around the nail
splits. Hang nails caused by dry skin, over exposure to harsh chemicals,
and frequent immersing of hand and water.

2.INGROWN TOENAILS-develop when the nail pierces the skin.

Ingrown toenails are caused by incorrect trimming technique, trauma,
stubbing ones toe, and wearing ill-fitting shoes.

3. BRUISED NAILS-is a condition in which a clot of blood formed

under the nail plate. The clot is caused by injury in the nail bed.

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4.ONYCHORHEXIS-is a condition that refers to brittle or split nails. It

can caused by chemicals ,injury to fingers excessive use of cuticle
solvents, nail polish removers and careless rough filling.

5.THICKED NAILS-the nails are abnormally thick. This nail problem

affects the toenail and more common to older people.

6.FURROWS OR CORRUGATION-are ridges that run either

lengthwise or across the nail. Lengthwise ridges are normal in adults.
This disorder is caused by poor circulation.

7.UNEVEN GROWTH OF NAIL- it may cause by hereditary, poor

nutrition and damaged

nail bed factors.

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8.LEUCONYCHIA-These are white spots that appear on the nail.

These are caused by tiny bubbles that are trapped in the nail plate

layers due to trauma.

9.PTERYGIUM –It is a case of an overgrowing cuticle which

sticks to the surface of the nail plate.

10.ONYCHATROPHIA- characterized by loss of luster of

Nails and separation from the nail bed.

11.ONYCHOPHAGY- the medical term for “nail bitting”

Which may result from boredom and other psychological?

Factors which may result to injury on the nail bed and matrix

And can be stopped by cutting the nails short.

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12.BLUE NAILS-these may pose a great threat in your

health as they signify poor blood circulation or

heart trouble. It would be best to consult a doctor

when you notice this kind of nails.

NAIL DISEASES AND THEIR CHARACTERISTICS

NAIL DISEASES –in medicine is called nail onychosis. These are cases
when nail diseases are just manifestation of other ailments a person
may have. Lack of vitamins will be reflected in one’s finger and
toenails.

Our nails have lots of dead tissues making them very suitable thriving
place for both bacteria and fungi. Listed and illustrated below are some
of the common nail onychosis and information about each one of
them.

1.PARONYCHIA-This condition is caused by vegetable

parasite and is an infectious disease.

2.ONYCHOCRYPTOSIS- it is commonly referred to

as ingrown nails. Marked by nail growth into

surrounding tissues and may cause infection.

Incorect trimming and shaping of nails are

often responsible for ingrown nails.

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3.ONYCHOLYSIS-refers to the detachment

of the nail from.The nail bed and is caused

by psoriasis and ringworm.

4.KOI LONYCHIA-The basic cause of this nail disorder

is anemia. With this disorder, the

fingernails become thin and abnormal in

shape.Nails look strange and awkward.

Upward growth of nails cause them to curve

inward with the edges raised which may

resemble a spoon.

5.MELANONYCHIA- is a condition where brown

Lines appear in lengthwise direction on nails.

6.YELLOW NAIL SYNDROME-this is very rare

disorder affecting nails.This disease cause yellow

discoloration of the nails

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LESSON 2 NAIL STRUCTURE AND SHAPES

PARTS OF THE NAIL

1.Nail Plate-this hard visible part of the nail is made up translucent

keratin protien.

2.Nail Matrix-is situated below the cuticle .It contains blood vessels
and nerves.It is responsible for producing new cells that become the
nail plate.

3.Nail bed-is the skin beneath the nail plate.It is part of the nail matrix
and is called sterile matrix.It is made up of two tissues: dermis which
contains capillaries and glands and the epedermis.Blood in the dermal
capillaries in the nail bed gives the nail its pink color.

4.Lunula-is the visible part of the matrix and the connecting point
between the matrix and the nail bed.This crescent-shaped arc is best
seen at the base of the nail plate of the thumb.

5.Nail fold-is the skin that frames and supports the nail on three
sides.The nail fold holds the nail plate in place and protects the nail
plate edges.

6.Cuticle-is an extension of the proximal nail fold.It is flap of thin tissue

over the base of the nail plate.It protects the matrix from infection.

7.Eponychium-is the thickened layer of the skin over the base of the
nail.

8.Poronychium-is the soft tissue at the sides of the nail.

9.Hyponychium-is the skin at the end of the finger underneath the

free edge of the nail.This tissue is sensitive to injury.

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NAIL SHAPES

Nails are shaped and painted to make our hand beautiful. Right nail
shape can flatter our fingers making our hands look lovely.

Below are the different nail shapes and ways of creating them.

1.OVAL NAILS-this nail shape isn’t as strong as the square because the
sides are filed down,but the oval nail shape gives wide nail beds a more
feminine appearance.For this classic nail shape ,file nails into an egg
shape by holding the nail file at an angle. Oval nails are best for short
finger because it replicates the shape of the finger and gives a longer
appearance.

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2.ROUND NAILS- this nail shape is for the more conservative lady.If
your constatantly working with your hands and need to keep a short
nail,this is best bet.The round nail shape is also a safe choice because
its easy to maintain and complements longer fingers or larger hands.

3.SQUARE NAILS-the mst popular nail shape is the square nail.While

fashionably famousits also sturdiest nail shape because it spans the
entire width of the nail bed.This nail shape works best for long fingers
with a wide nail bed.

4.SQUOVAL NAILS-the in-between nail shape:not quite a square

nail,but not quite an oval nail.This is also a strong nail choice since the
majority of the nail is as wide as the nail bed.

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5.ALMOND NAILS- for a lady-like nail, the almond shape is the way to
go. The almond nail shape elongates fingers and adds a feminine flare
to shorter fingers.

6.STILETTO NAILS- this look is definitely for more daring.The stiletto

nail also known as a “pointed nail” has created quite the sensation
among rock stars such RHIANNA and ADELE.Its also the nail shape
choice for those looking for a long and slender look to their hands.

IV-ENRICHMENT

Activity 1 ( bigyan mo ako ng halaga)

Direction: Research 5 different types of nail discoloration and give its

meaning. Write your answers inside the box.

Activity 2 (draw and tell)

Direction: Rearrange the following groups of letters to form a word

that relates to nail structure. Draw a nail and label the parts according
to the words given below. Write your answer inside the box.

1.U N L U A L

2. A I L N L P A T E
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3.A I L N A T R I M X

4. R E F E D G E E

5. U T I C L E C

6. A I L N O T R O

7. A I L N D E B

8. A I L N A L L W

9. O B Y D F O A I L N

Activity 3 ( idol kita)

Direction : Choose one ( 1) of your favourite Korean artist. Paste the

picture together the structure of his/her nails. Paste the picture inside
the box.

V-EVALUATION

Direction: Explain your answer.( 5 points each )

1.How can you predict the possible onset of a disease by looking at the
nails.

2.What disease can be associated with each type of nail discoloration?

3.What is the importance of the following proper diet to keep the nails
healthy and strong?

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