Technology and Livelihood Education

Home Economics
BEAUTY CARE
BEAUTY CARE NAIL CARE SERVICES – GRADE 9
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1– Module 1 – New Normal TLE-Home Economics 9

Development Team of the Module

Writers:

Monica O. Duque Shiela Mariz P. Niepes

Aida R. Pentis Miriam Imelda I. Fernandez
Ana A. Salamanque Dara B. Bartolome

Editor:
Reviewer: Carmelina DM Tan, PSDS
Validators: Elsa P. Roque, Head Teacher VI
Olivia Advincula, Head Teacher III
Illustrator: All Writers
Layout Artist: All Writers

Management Team: Malcolm S. Garma, Regional Director

Genia V. Santos, CLMD Chief
Dennis M. Mendoza, Regional EPS in Charge of LRMS and
Regional ADM Coordinator
Maria Magdalena M. Lim, CESO V, Schools Division
Superintendent
Aida H. Rondilla, Chief-CID
Lucky S. Carpio, Division EPS in Charge of LRMDS

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Page | 3
LESSON 1 NAIL STRUCTURE Module No. 1

How to learn from this module?

1. Follow carefully all the contents and instructions indicated in every page
of this module.
2. Write on your notebook or any writing pad the concepts about the
lessons. Writing enhances learning, that is important to develop and
keep in mind.
3. Perform all the provided activities in the module.
4. Let your facilitator/guardian assess your answer.
5. Analyse conceptually the post test and apply what you have learned.

Enjoy LEARNING! 

After you finished this module, you must

be able to:
1. Identify the different structures and parts of the nail.
2. Draw the basic nail shapes.
3. Demonstrate trimming and shaping the nail properly.

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 LESSON 1 NAIL STRUCTURE Module No. 1

PRE-TEST

MULTIPLE CHOICE

Direction: Read the statement properly and encircle the correct answer.

1. It is a horny translucent plate which protects the tips of the finger

and toes.
A. Nail C. Skin
B. Hair D. None of the above
2. It is the technical term or a word that has a specific meaning within
a specific field of expertise of nails.
A. Honyx C. Nonyx
B. Onyx D. Conyx
3. The nail composed mainly of substances which forms the base of
all horny tissues.
A. Bone C. Nerve
B. Keratine D. Blood
4. Finger nails grow about ___mm in a month.
A. 1mm C. 3mm
B. 2mm D. 4mm
5. The whitish half-moon shape at the base of the nail.
A. Nail root C. Nail wall
B. Lunula D. Free edge
IDENTIFICATION
Direction: Identify the basic shapes of nail

6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

COMPLETION TEST
Direction: Fill in the blanks with the correct answers. Choose your answer from the
box below and write your answer on the space provided for.
11. This condition also known as __________, it occurs when there’s not enough
oxygen in your blood.
12. Onychia is an inflammation of nail folds of the nail with formation of
__________and shedding of the nail.
13. Onychogryphosis or claw nail is a nail disease which ______________.

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 LESSON 1 NAIL STRUCTURE Module No. 1

14. __________ specifically a skin condition, small piece of torn skin.

15. __________ has a dried blood clot, due to injuries such as heating on heavy
objects.

Thickens the nail Pus Whitespot

Bruised Nail Hang nail Cyanosis

LESSON PREVIEW

Nail plays important role in our lives, they are the ones which protects our
fingers and toes. The growth of the nail is influence by many factors. And there are
number of ways to increase the overall health of your nail.
The structure of the nail are, hyponichium, nail grooves, nail plate, matrix, nail
root, cuticle, nail wall, nail plate and free edge. Free edge can be filed and shaped by
round, square, oval, squoval and stiletto.
Nail disorders and diseases can also have an impact on your nail growth as
well as the shape and over all appearances of your nails. If you feel like your nails
are growing unusually slow or experiencing often symptoms talk to your doctor.

READ AND STUDY

Definition of Terms:
1. Nail - is a horn-like keratinous envelope covering the tips of the fingers and toes in
most primates.
2. Keratin - is a type of protein that forms the cells that makes up the tissues in nails
and other parts of the body.
3. Capillaries – a tiny blood vessels sits under the nail bed. Blood that flows through
the capillaries helps nail grow and give the pinkish color.
4. Dermis – is the layer of the skin that lies beneath the epidermis and above the
subcutaneous layer. It is the thickest layer of the skin.
5. Epidermis – is the thin, outer layer of the skin that is visible to the eye and works
to provide protection to the body.

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LESSON 1 NAIL STRUCTURE Module No. 1

NAIL -Is a horny translucent plate or a horn like keratinous envelope which protects
the tips of the fingers and toes in most primates.
ONYX -Is the technical term or natural term of nail. Nail is composed mainly of
keratin. Keratin is a type of protein that forms the cells that makes up the
horny tissues in nails and other part of your body. These cells of our hair and
skin are from keratin too. The nail consists of up to 150 layers of keratinized
skin cells, 75mm thickness. Nail plate contains no nerves or blood on it and
contains dead cells. That’s why it doesn’t hurt when you cut your nails or even
your hair. However a layer of a skin under the nails called the dermis, has
sensory nerve endings. These send a signal to your brain when pressure is
applied to your nails.
CAPILLIARIES- A tiny blood vessels sits under the nail bed. Blood that flows through
the capillaries helps nail grow and give the pinkish color.

NAIL GROWTH
The growth of the nails is influenced by:
1. Age- the rate of nail growth changes throughout the person’s lifetime. Children
nails has been associated with a faster nail grow rate. As you get older, nail growth
slower.
2. Gender- Men nails grow faster than women nails, except during pregnancy.
Pregnant women experience hormonal imbalance resulting to a rapid nail growth.
3. Nutrition - the healthier the food you eat the quicker and stronger nails will grow
but if you are in medication, the growth of your nail will be affected.
4. Climate - Nail grows quicker in hotter environments or during summer time.
According to Broken Secrets by Chad Upton, “Nail grows faster in sunlight and
generally has more daylight available and spends more time exposed to it in
summer. This is because your body produces more vitamin D in a daylight, which is
important for nil growth”.
5. Chemical- chemical like benzalchonium chloride, polymers, plasticisers that has in
nail polishes can slow nail growth and can cause them to be weaker.
6. Nail care- a good nail care routine will help nails grow stronger and longer.
Finger nails grow about .5 millimeters each month. And toenail grows about 1.5
millimeters per month. Fingernails also grow faster on your dominant hand, the finger
nail on your middle finger usually grows the fastest and slowest to your thumb.

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 LESSON 1 NAIL STRUCTURE Module No. 1

FREE EDGE

NAIL BODY
NAIL PLATE

NAIL ROOT

Nail Consist of three 3 Parts

1. Free-edge – end portion of the nail which extends beyond the fingertips that can
be shaped during manicure and pedicure.
2. Nail body/ nail plate – visible hard part of nail that is attached to the nail bed and
composed of layers of dead cells.
3. Nail root – beginning of nail found at the base and embedded underneath the skin.

Structure beneath the nail

1. Nail bed – the skin where the nail plate rest. It is a skin with a layer of epidermis
and a layer of dermis
2. Matrix – the portion of the nail bed that sits at the base of the nail plate. Matrix
contains nerves and blood vessels and gives rise to nail plate cells at the root of the
nail.
3. Lunula – half shape, a small portion of the nail matrix visible as a white cresent.

Structure surrounding the nail

1. Cuticle – is a protective layer of dead cells around the nail that cover and seal the
back of the nail pate.
2. Hyponichium – or quick of the nail portion of skin under the free –edge of the nail
which protects the nail bed.
3. Nail walls – folds of the skin overlapping the sides of the nail
4. Mantle –deep fold of the skin in which the nail root
5. Nail grooves – lies along side of the edge of nail plate, which protects the nail bed
from infection.

As the nail grows, new nail plate cells in the nail root push
older cells up the nail plate. As they are pushed up, these
cells become flattened and translucent.

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LESSON 1 NAIL STRUCTURE Module No. 1

When selecting a nail shape its essential to familiarize yourself with different
options available Although there are many variations and silhouettes on offer, there
are keys shapes you should know; Square round, oval, squaoval, stillest.

5 Basic Nail Shape

NAIL SHAPE

They resemble shape of the stiletto, carefully cut on the sides

and filled into a point so that tips are the shape of a triangle,
leaving the ends pointed. This shape of nail usually wore by
celebrities/artists.

This shape is ideal for both short and long wide nail bed and
fingers. The medium to long shape which ends in a semi-circle is
a similar to almond style.

Also known as square rounded. This shape is for those who

want the square shape but with the comfort of rounded nails.

The round nail shape is a timeless classic just like square

nails. If you want to create the appearances of longer fingers but
like to keep your nails short, you should consider opting for round
shape. Round shape nails, which features a short length with a
naturally curved edge are perfect for subtly elongating short and
wide fingers. The shape can also be also used to make a wide
nail bed appear thinner and longer.

Characterized by straight edges and a square off tip. Square

nails are practically flattering for those with thin hands long slim
fingers.

To precisely determine which style is best for you, you will

need to take into consideration your finger shape, nail bed
width and nail length.

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 LESSON 1 Module No. (Title)

Trimming and Shaping of Fingernails

This can be achieved with the supervision of any family member who has the
knowledge.

1. Cut the nail side-

1. Put a dot on a center side
2. Cut the nail side-side 2. Shape the nail in
3. Shape the nail corner- curving motion
corner corner - center

1. Cut the nail side- side 1. Trim the nail at the

2. Trim the center center
3.File with curving 2. File the nail on the both
side in strainght motion
motion, corner- center
3. File the center in curve
motion to make an oval tip

1. Trim the center

2. File the nail on the both
side in straight motion
3. Shape the tip in straight
motion

Following the proper techniques and procedure in trimming

and shaping the finger nails will satisfy patron and avoid nail
disorder.

RESEARCH
How do nails grow? #ausum #kids #science #education #children https://youtu.be/--
8wGcXSEHk
How your nails grow? │The Dr. Binocs Show│Best Learning Videos for
Kids│Peekaboo Kidz https://youtu.be/MBHh8Lh6unY
Trimming and shaping the nail │ Basic Nail Shape│Monica O. Duque
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1DkTKMkDkByh3lGzc4TZxoTn37DBQel8/view?usp=dri
vesdk
“Warning! Do you have that halfmoon shape on your nails?
https://youtu.be/qHz3yfdwbro
“14 Things The Moon on Your Nails Says About Your Health”
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https://youtu.be/IJAbV9S2lSg
LESSON 1 NAIL STRUCTURE Module No. 1

SKILLS CHECK!

MULTIPLE CHOICE
Direction: Read the statement carefully and encircle the correct answer.
1. The nail composed mainly of substance which forms the cells the base of all
horny tissues.
A. Keratin C. Sulfur
B. Acid D. alcohol
2. It is a horny translucent plate which protects the fingers and toes.
A. Hair C. Nail
B. Skin D. Hand and foot
3. The whitish half-moon shape at the base of the nail
A. Lunula C. Nail walls
B. Nail root D. free- edge
4. The structure of the nail that contains blood and nerves.
A. Free edge C. Hyponichium
B. Matrix D. Nail grooves
5. A protective layer of dead cells around the nail that cover and seal the back of
the nail.
A. Nail wall C. Cuticle
B. Nail groove D. Nail plate

IDENTIFICATION
Direction: Identify and draw the shape of nail. Write the answer on the space
provided before the number.
__________6. Shape of nail that is particularly flattering for those with thin hands
and long slim fingers.
__________7. This shape of nail usually worn by celebrities artists.
__________8. A type of nail shape that is timeless classic.
__________9. Shape of nail which ends in semi-circle to almond shape.
__________10. This shape is those that want the square shape but with the comfort
of rounded nails.

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 LESSON 1 NAIL STRUCTURE Module No. 1

Label the Structure of the Nail

1 6

7
2

3
8

4
9
5
10

LET’S PRACTICE!

Trim your nails and shape with the 5 Basic nail shapes
Pointed Nail Round Nail
1. Put a dot on a center 1. Cut the nail side- side
2. Cut the nail side-side 2. Trim the center
3. Shape the nail corner-corner 3.File with curving motion, corner-
center

Squoval Nail
1. Trim the nail at the center
2. File the nail on the both side in strainght Square Nail
motion 1. Trim the center
3. File the center in curve motion to make an 2. File the nail on the both side in
oval tip straight motion
3. Shape the tip in straight motion
Oval nail
1. Cut the nail side-side
2. Shape the nail in curving motion
corner - center

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LESSON 1 NAIL STRUCTURE Module No. 1
Trimming and shaping the nail │ Basic Nail Shape│Monica O. Duque
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1DkTKMkDkByh3lGzc4TZxoTn37DBQel8/view?usp=drivesdk

How well did you perform?

Find out by accomplishing the Scoring Rubric. Answer honestly

CRITERIA 5 4 3 2 1 Score

Tools and materials are available and used correctly

Demonstrated trimming and shaping of nail correctly

and systematically

Work finish on time

Shape of nail achieved

TOTAL

Rating Scale
5- Excellent 4-Very good 3- Good 2/1- Needs improvement

REFLECT!

I learned that…
______________________________________________
__________________________________________________

Wash your hands first before trimming the nail, more especially today. To
prevent the spread of COVID 19 by washing your hands often.
Soap destroys the novel corona virus.
Washing with soap and water dissolves the corona virus that causes COVID 19.
• Soap bubbles break apart coronaviruses. Scrubbing for 20 secs. And
rinsing well is the best way to get the virus off your hands.
• Any soap will work. Bar soap or liquid soap- they work equally well.
• Warm or cold water is fine. The water should be comfortable ( not
scalding hot)
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LESSON 1 Nail Structure Module No. 1

HOW MUCH HAVE YOU LEARNED?

1. Draw and label the structure of the nail.

2. What are the things that influenced the gowth of the nail? What is the most
influential, why?

3. Name and draw the 5 basic nail shapes

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LESSON 2 NAIL DISORDERS AND DISEASES Module No. 1

After you finished this module, you must be able to:

1. Identify the nail disorders and diseases.
2. Differentiate nail diseases and disorders.
3. Express the importance of having a proper hygiene.
4. Check and analyse the condition of clients’ nail.

READ AND STUDY

DEFINITION OF TERMS
1. Nail Disorder – is a condition that can be treated. This can be due to internal and
external factors and most people will experience one of those
conditions at some point.
2. Nail Disease - is more serious and if not treated, can result in deep infection or in
extreme cases, can cause permanent damage to the nail.
3. Psoriasis – a skin disease that causes areas of your skin to become red and
rough and to fall off.
4. Infection – a disease cause by germs that enter the body
5. BFRB - Body Focus Repetitive Behaviour

Daniel Arpels a technician always explains to students the importance of

recognizing a nail disorder or nail disease, then explains the importance of not
diagnosing any conditions and always referring to GP or pharmacists for further
advised. It is important to note that as a nail technician you are not qualified to
diagnose, only suggest recommendations. The first thing to remember is if you are
ever unsure, refer to the GP and do not treat GP-GENERAL PRACTITIONER.

Nail Disorder- are a large group of conditions that affect the appearance of finger
nails and toenails. Infections caused by bacteria, fungus or viruses, underlying
conditions and inherited ailments can all cause abnormalities in the nails.

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LESSON 2 NAIL DISORDERS AND DISEASES Module No. 1

NAIL DISORDER CHARACTERISTICS

1 This condition is known as Cyanosis. It occurs when
there is not enough oxygen in your blood, making skin or
membrane below the skin a purplish-blue color. Blue
discoloration of finger nails can be caused by any problems
in the lungs , heart, blood vessels and cold
temperature.Blue finger due to cold temperature is
abnormal response of the blood. Non-invasive pulse
oximeter is the simplest way to measure the oxygenation of
BLUE NAIL blood.
2 (dry and brittle). They are caused by the repeated washing
drying of fingernails. (soft and brittle)are caused by too
much moisture often a result of overexposure to
detergents, household cleaners and nail polish remover. To
treat brittle nail use of moisturizer with lanolin or alpha-
BRITTLE NAIL hydroxy acid and wear dishwashing gloves.
3 Bluish in color, this may be caused by trauma or
accident like caught your toe in a door. Immediate
treatments are, rest, elevate the injured toe/finger clean
and cover open wounds. As the nail grows, the blood clot
will go out.
BRUISED NAIL
4 Small piece of torn skin hanging loose next to your nail.
Hang nail is specially a skin condition. Improper trimming of
cuticle and nail is one of the causes. Cut the hang nail by
the use of nail nipper.

HANG NAIL
5 Has a two types of ridges. Vertical ridges often develop
to adults and it is normal. Horizontal or Beaus’ line occurs
in pregnant women.Buffing your nails with an emery board
may help smooth ridges. Ridges usually signs of other
health problems.

RIDGES
6 Also known as punctate leukonychia. Can caused by
trauma, injury, poisoning and drugs systemic illness and
hereditary.Treatment will depend on the cause of the white
spots. Here is no treatment for just white spots on their
own. Those that have been caused by trauma will naturally
grow out overtime
WHITE SPOTS
7 Also known as Hapalonychia, is a condition in which a
toenail or fingernail (or multiple nails) becomes soft and thin
causing to easily bend or break. Nail fissures (or breaks)
and calcium spots are minor indications of inner health. Eat

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LESSON 2 NAIL DISORDERS AND DISEASES Module No. 1

EGGSHELL NAIL food rich in calcium.

8 Also known as astropy. When a fully grow nail is
atrophied, it loses its shines, healthy look starts to shrink in
size and may eventually falls away. Caused by skin
diseases, bacterial nail infection psoriasis, lichen planus,
ONYCHATOPHIA fungal nail infection.Consult your dermatologists.
9 Nail disorder that causes fingernails or toenails to grow
abnormally thick. The nails may become curled and turn
white or yellow. Also called as hyperthrophy Causes may
be hereditary,psoriasis, reduce circulation, diabetes.
Medical treatment for onychauxis, treat underlying
conditions and removal often affected area. Home remedy
options. Keep neat trimmed nails, wear comfortable shoes
ONYCHAUXIS or paint with nail polish.
10 Onychophagia or onuchophagy is considered as
disorder characterized by uncontrollable nail biting. Along
with other body-focused repetitive behaviors (BFRBs). Nail
biting is associated with anxiety, because the act of
chewing on nails reportedly relieves stress, tension or
boredom. Wear gloves mittens, socks and retainer-style or
bite plate devices can serve as block to biting.
BITTEN NAIL

Nail Disease- is more serious and if not treated, can result in deep infection on in
extreme cases, can cause permanent damage to the nail.

NAIL DISEASES CHARACTERISTICS

1 Is a common medical condition characterized by the
painless detachment of the nail from the nail bed,
usually starting on the tip and or side. Some causes are
trauma : excessive manicuring, infection especially
fungal, skin disease, psoriasis, systemic disease. The
most commonly recommended treatment is to keep the
nail dry when kept dry and away from further trauma,
ONYCHOLYSIS the nail will re attach from the base upward.
2 An inflammatory of the nail matrix with development
of pus and loss of the finger nail or toenail. Injury could
be a result of misfitting footwear. Onychia consists of
inflammatory reaction, swelling and discomfort can
arise in the impacted toe. Treatment of onychia
concentrates on extraction of the nail once the
impacted section of the nail taken away, pus which has
accumulated inside might drain
ONYCHIA

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LESSON 2 NAIL DISORDERS AND DISEASES Module No. 1

3 Known as ingrown toe nail in which the nail grows

into the side of flesh. Toenails which are not correctly
trimmed caused the toes to be squeezed to each other
and occurred some pus later on. Trim the nail properly.
Ingrown toenail surgery or onychocryptosis removal is
another treatment.
ONYCHOCRYPTOSIS
4 Is an infection of the nail caused by fungi such as
dermatophytes, non dermatophytes moulds and yeast.
Nail plate becomes friable and may break up often due
to trauma. Cream or white in color. Both topical and
oral agents are available for the treatment of fungal nail
ONYCHOMYCOSIS infection.

5 (Ram’s Horn Nail) the nickname for this disease is

ram’s horn nails because the nails are thick an curvy,
like horns or claws. Nails will look yellow or brown,
usually thick long (extending beyond the toe) and
curved. Causes of onychogryphosis; foot trauma,
fungal infection, psoriasis, skin disease.Surgery is the
only treatment option for onychogryphosis.
ONYCHOGRYPHOSIS

Few simple things you can Do to promote nail health

- Keep nails trimmed short
- Cut nails so they are straight, rather than curved at the free edge
- Wear shoes that fit and have enough room in the toe box
- Wear cotton socks that absorb moisture
- Change socks regularly
- Wear gloves when handling chemicals

SKILL CHECK

MULTIPLE CHOICE
Direction: Read the statement carefully and encircle the correct answer.
1. Generally known as ingrown nail.
A. Onychomycosis C. Onychia
B. Onychocryptosis D. Onycholysis

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LESSON 2 NAIL DISORDERS AND DISEASES Module No. 1

2. An inflammatory reaction of the nail matrix with development of pus and loss of
the fingernail or toenail.
A. Onychia C. Onychocryptosis
B. Onycholysis D. Onychogryphosis
3. Also known as Hapalonychia, is a condition in which a toenail or fingernail (or
multiple nails) becomes soft and thin causing to easily bend or break.
A. White spot C. Ridges
B. Eggshell nail D. Hang nails
4. Also known as punctate leukonychia.
A. Ridges C. White spot
B. Hang nail D. Eggshell nail
5. Nail disorder that causes fingernails or toenails to grow abnormally thick.
A. Onychauxis C. Eggshell nail
B. Bitten nail D. White spot

LET’S PRACTICE!

MATCHING TYPE
Direction: Match the picture in column A with its name in column B.

COLUMN A COLUMN B

A. INGROWN NAIL/
1. ONYCHOCRYPTOSIS

B. ONYCHOGRYPHOSIS
RAM’S HORN NAIL
2.

C. HANG NAIL

D. BLUE NAIL
3.

E. WHITE SPOT
LEUKONYCHIA

4.

F. BRUISED NAIL

5.

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LESSON 2 NAIL DISORDERS AND DISEASES Module No. 1

HOW MUCH HAVE YOU LEARNED?

Sing a song!
Direction: Choose at least 10 nail disorders and or diseases and use it as the lyrics
of your song. You can choose from any OPM or foreign song.
Nail technician should be knowledgeable with the nail disorders/ diseases.
Using the following nail disorders/ diseases into a song help us to remember or
grasp it easier. It can easily be retained to our memory with the help of the melody
and rhythm of the song.

https://web.facebook.com/media/set?set=a.793287571102693&type=3

How well did you perform?

CRITERIA FOR JUDGING

CRITERIA POSSIBLE POINTS POINTS GIVEN

Voice (quality, tone) 10
Pronunciation (clarity, enunciation) 10
Mastery of the lyrics (cited nail disorders 50
and diseases)
Timing (pace, synchronization with the 20
music)
Overall impact 10
Total 100

EXPLORE!

“10 Nail symptoms and what they mean for your health you shouldn’t ignore”https://youtu.be/B3nHp1yoz_A

Your nails say about your heal https://youtu.be/3UfBcVO6lBg

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LESSON 2 NAIL DISORDERS AND DISEASES Module No. 1

HOW DO YOU APPLY WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED?

Check and analyse the condition of clients’ fingernails.

Make a collaboration with your family members by encouraging them to
participate as your clients in checking and analysing the condition of their fingernails.
This activity helps you to spend your time with your family in a meaningful way as
you learn. Below is the link of a record card. Check, analyse and record.

https://drive.google.com/file/d/123GdURTMPBMSnf52e4HqL5Q1BRX2Gbnx/view?usp=drivesdk

Keeping your nails clean dry and trimmed can help you avoid
nail disorders and diseases.It is important to wash often and
wash correctly.
If youre healthy, washing your hands can keep you from getting
sick. If you’re sick, it can keep you from passing the illness to
others.
• Corona viruses can stay viable for hours and
sometimes days. Depending on the surface they’re on
and other environmental conditions. Washing your
hands properly reduces the spread between people and
surfaces.
• Scrub vigorously all over your hands for 20 sec.
including your fingernails. T-this creates the friction
needed to removed viruses and other microbes.
• Hand washing also helps prevent the spread of other
illnesses like the flu, common cold, and stomach bugs.

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LESSON 2 NAIL DISORDERS AND DISEASES Module No. 1

POST TEST

ARE YOU READY?

MULTIPLE CHOICE
Direction: Read the statement carefully and encircle the correct answer.
1. The part of the nail plate that extends over the tip of the finger or toe is the.
A. Free edge C. Cuticle
B. Matrix D. Nail plate
2. The protective layer of the cells around the nail that cover and seal the back of
the nail.
A. Nail walls C. Cuticle
B. Mantle D. Nail grooves
3. The beginning of nail found at the base and embedded underneath the skin.
A. Nail root C. Nail plate
B. Free edge D. Nail bed
4. Is a horny translucent plate or a horn like keratinous envelope which protects the
tips of the fingers and toes in most primates.
A. Nail plate C. Nail wall
B. Nail root D. Cuticle
5. Halfmoon shape, a small portion of the nail matrix visible as a white crescent.
A. Cuticle C. Nail wall
B. Hyponichium D. Lunula

Draw and label the structure of the nail in a short bond paper. 10 pts.
Draw the basic shape of nail 5 pts.

FILL IN THE BOX

Direction: Fill in the box with at least 3 nail disorders and 2 nail diseases together
with their characteristics, causes and treatment.
Nail Disorder Characteristic Causes Treatment
1. 2. 3. 4.
5. 6. 7. 8.
9. 10. 11. 12.
Nail Disease
13. 14. 15. 16.
17. 18. 19. 20.

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 LESSON 1-2 NAIL STRUCTURE NAIL DISORDERS AND DISEASE Module No. 1

KEY TO CORRECTION

PRE-TEST

1. A 6. Oval 11. Cyanosis

2. B 7. Squoval 12. Pus
3. B 8. Pointed /stiletto 13. Thickens the nail
4. C 9. Round 14. Hang nail
5.B 10. Square 15. Bruised nail

LESSON 1
Multiple choice Identification
1. A 6. Square
2. C 7. Pointed/ stilleto
3. A 8. Round
4. B 9. Oval
5. C 10. Squoval

Labeling
1. Free edge 6. Hyponichium
2. Nail plate 7. Nail grooves
3. Nail wall 8. Nail bed
4. Lunula 9. Matrix
5. Cuticle 10. Mantle

LESSON 2

Multiple Choice Matching Type

1. B 1. C
2. A 2. E
3. B 3. A
4. C 4. B
5. A 5. D

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 LESSON 1-2 NAIL STRUCTURE NAIL DISORDERS AND DISEASE Module No. 1

POST TEST

Nail Structure
Multiple Choice 1. Free edge 6. Hyponichium
1. A 2. Nail plate 7. Nail grooves
2. C 3. Nail wall 8. Nail bed
3. A 4. Lunula 9. Matrix
4. C 5. Cuticle 10. Mantle
5. A
Basic Nail Shape

Nail Disorders and Diseases

Nail Disorder Characteristic Causes Treatment
1. Blue Nail 2. Bluish in 3. Lak of oxygen 4. Noninvasive pulse
color oximeter

5. Brittle Nail 6. dry/soft and 7. over exposure to 8. wear dishwashing gloves

brittle detergent

9. Hang nail 10. torn skin 11. excessive 12. cut the hang nail with nail
finger picking nipper

Nail Disease
13. Onychocryptosis 14. pus 15. improper 16. ingrown nail surgery
trimming of nail
17. Onychogryphosis 18. thick, curvy 19. foot trauma 20. Nail surgery

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LESSON1-2 NAIL STRUCTURE NAIL DISORDERS AND DISEASE Module No. 1

REFERENCES

NAIL-https://www.healthline.com/health/beauty-skin-care/how-fast-do-nails-grow#factors-that-affect-nail-
growth
https://www.healthline.com/health/beauty-skin-care/how-to-make-your-nails-grow-faster
https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.wired.com/2014/08/wuwt-nails/amp
https://www.healthline.com/health/half-moon-nails (research)
https://www.healthline.com/health/beauty-skin-care/what-are-
nails-made-of#1
https://www.google.com/amp/s/sublimenailsandbeauty.wordpress.com/2016/07/11/all-about-
factors- affecting-nail-growth/amp/
https://www.thetrendspotter.net/best-nail-shape/
https://youtu.be/MBHh8Lh6unY
https://www.superdrug.com/blog/wellbeing/the-ultimate-guide-
to-nail-shapes/ https://youtu.be/--8wGcXSEHk
https://www.rileychildrens.org/health-
info/nail-disorders
https://www.healthline.com/health/blue-
fingernails#diagnosis
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articl
es/317493
http://nailsjournal.com/onychatrophia-
causes-
treatment/https://www.healthline.com/hea
lth/onychauxis
https://www.healthline.com/health/dermato
phagia
https://www.nextstepbeauty.co.uk/blog/na
ils/difference-nail-disorder-nail-disease/
http://www.remedyland.com/2013/11/ony
chia-causes-treatment-home-remedy.html
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/article
s/PMC3040862/
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articl
es/317493#What-is-leukonychia?
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hapalony
chia
https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.psych
ologytoday.com/intl/conditions/onychophag
ia-nail-biting%3famp
https://www.healthline.com/health/onych
ogryphosis#outlook
Research https://youtu.be/vu-L-A8AYfE

https://sites.nationalacademies.org/BaseOnScience/Prevent-the-spread-of-COVID-19-by-washing-your-hands-
often/index.htm

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