Electronic Structure of Matter

0. Democritus- Formulation of an atomic theory of the universe. (First atom inventor)

0.5. Aristotle- All matter is composed of these four elements in varying proportions. (Earth, Wind, Fire, Water)
1. John Dalton- He picture out an atom as a solid indestructible sphere, similar to a billiard ball.
 Proposed Atomic Theory in 1804
2. Ernest Rutherford- He proposed the nuclear model of the atom, because of his discovery of the massive center of the atom
called the nucleus
 Father of Nuclear Age
 Gold Foil Experiment
 1909
3. Niels Bohr- His model of the atom is called as the planetary model.
 1913
4. J.J. Thomson- He discovered the sub-atomic particle of the atom, the electron that is why he came up with his plum- pudding
or raisin-bread model of the atom.
 Electron Discovery (1897)
 Discovered Subatomic Particles (1897)
5. Erwin Schrödinger- This model of the atom replaced Bohr's planetary model, it is also considered as the present picture of
the atom- the quantum mechanical model.
- Werner Karl Heisenberg- Main pioneers of the theory of quantum mechanics.
Atomic Number and Atomic Mass
Atomic number- the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.
Atomic mass- the average mass of an atom, taking into account all its
naturally
occurring isotopes.
Atomic number- identifies an element
Mass number- the sum of the number of protons and the number of
neutrons in an atom

Shorthand Notation