Tree nuts Almonds, walnuts and cashews 60 Co-c < ¼25 No changed (Su et al.

2004; Venkatachalam
et al. 2008)

Studies have found that main allergen proteins in almonds, walnuts and cashews have strong
stability to c irradiation < ¼25 kGy, and remained antigenically stable (Su et al. 2004; Venkatachalam
et al. 2008). However, there was the biggest reduction of allergenicity in cashews by 25 kGy c
irradiation followed roasting (160 C, 30 min), in almond by c irradiation 1 kGy followed roasting (160
C, 30 min), and in walnuts by 25 kGy c irradiation followed autoclaving (121 C, 30 min) (Su et al.
2004)

From Paper 2021(2)

Nutrient (per 100g) Almonds Cashew Nuts Walnuts Dried Figs Dates
Calories 576 553 654 249 282
Protein 21.2g 18.2g 15.2g 3.3g 2.5g
Fat 49.4g 43.9g 65.2g 0.9g 0.4g
Carbohydrates 21.7g 30.2g 13.7g 63.9g 74g
Fiber 12.5g 3.3g 6.7g 9.8g 6.7g
Calcium 76mg 37mg 98mg 162mg 39mg
Iron 3.7mg 6.7mg 2.9mg 2mg 1mg
Vitamin C 0mg 0.5mg 1.3mg 1.2mg 0mg
Vitamin E 25.6mg 0.9mg 0.7mg 0.1mg 0.1mg

https://www.ifst.org/resources/information-statements/food-irradiation

As per their information from Institute of Food Science and Technology the dose of up to 10Kgy is
mentioned for majority of all types of food.

The Codex Alimentarius, which is an international food standards organization, has set
general guidelines for the irradiation of food. For nuts and dried fruits, the recommended
dose typically ranges from 1 to 3 kilograys (kGy).

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9920200/

As per above article from National Library of Medicine, no significant

changes in the fat content, fatty acids composition, and acid value of
irradiated almonds were observed up to 25 KGy of doses.
If the research is already done at those doses, why we are testing the
nutritional value?
Because as per some articles , specially from
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9920200/
They have mentioned that there are little bit variations on the results
observed by different researchers . But those are very little . So we can
perform this so that we can present our own results.

What we will do?

1. We will collect the samples of almonds, cashews, Walnuts or

dates as per availability.
2. Send it to test the original nutritional content.
3. Then irradiating with gamma ray dose of 0.5KGy to 25KGy by
variation of 1 KGy of radiation dose on each piece of same food
item.
4. Again, we will send it to test its properties.
5. After getting the final nutritional content after each value of
radiation doses, we will study the change in nutritional values
per variation in doses.
6. Mathematical analysis (Graphs, Relations or Modelling)
7. Final Conclusion: To check that is it fit for consuming even at
high dose level on the basis of selected nutritional content? If not
 then up to what dose in KGy it can attain its nutritional
properties?

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2021.771985/full

http://large.stanford.edu/courses/2017/ph241/xie1/

https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mukesh-Kumar-75/
publication/
320546936_Effect_of_seed_treatment_with_gamma_rays_on_fruit_qual
ity_of_papaya_Carica_papaya_L/links/
59eb12704585151983c80c80/Effect-of-seed-treatment-with-gamma-
rays-on-fruit-quality-of-papaya-Carica-papaya-L.pdf
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2021.771985/full

https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-23162-4_2

Yes, gamma radiation can affect the quality of seeds inside fruits like apples during irradiation.
However, the extent of this effect on the transfer of radioactive properties or nutrient loss to new
plants when using irradiated seeds for planting depends on various factors such as the dosage of
radiation and the sensitivity of the seeds to radiation. Research has been conducted on the
genetically transferred effects on new crops from their irradiated seeds, with studies examining
aspects such as germination rates, growth patterns, and genetic mutations.

Gamma radiation can indeed affect the quality of seeds, including those inside fruits like
apples. However, it’s important to note that the radiation does not make the seeds themselves
radioactive. The radiation can cause changes in the DNA of the seeds, which can lead to
genetic variations in the plants that grow from these seeds123.
Research has shown that gamma radiation can have various effects on seeds and the plants
that grow from them. For example, it can affect germination rates, growth, and the overall
health of the plant4. In some cases, radiation can lead to beneficial mutations that improve
certain traits, such as disease resistance or yield5. However, high levels of radiation can also
have detrimental effects, such as reduced growth and survival4.
In terms of nutrient content, one study on papaya found that seeds treated with gamma rays
produced fruits with improved quality and nutritional content compared to untreated seeds 6.
However, the effects can vary depending on the type of plant and the specific conditions.
As for the transfer of these effects to new crops, the genetic changes induced by radiation can
indeed be passed on to subsequent generations12. This is the basis for mutation breeding, a
technique used to improve crop varieties5.
However, it’s important to note that while radiation can induce beneficial mutations, it can
also cause harmful ones. Therefore, irradiated seeds used for planting need to be carefully
screened and tested to ensure the safety and quality of the resulting crops47.
In conclusion, while gamma radiation can affect the quality of seeds and potentially lead to
the development of new crop varieties with desirable traits, it’s a complex process that
requires careful management and research. It’s also worth noting that the current
understanding of these processes is based on research and may not cover all possible
outcomes or effects. Further studies are needed to fully understand the implications of using
irradiated seeds for crop production.