ELECTRIC

CARGESAND FEL 90

I
Electric
-

Charge # Electric fieldto F

>
-

Basic
property associated with matter E =
>
-
---------
To %-0 small test
>
-

Produces and experiences electrical &

magnetic p2 , the
charge .

Ea
effects
+--------
-
>
Positive Charge (e =
1 .
Xc)
Types of Charge - Go-------
-

E
6X'C S
Negative Charge (e =
-1 .

=
⑪
ofCharge Coulomb (C) SI unit -p

lambx
- SI unit =

meter
-
CG S
. .
unit =
stat coulomb or e.sol

=> Dimension = [AT] # Electric field lines (Electric lines of forces)

⑪ Electric field lines are a pictorial way of
representing electric field
#
Properties of Charge around a
configuration of charges.
Total (i) Electric field lines are continuous They emanate from a
algebraic
- curves
.
in is
charge a
system sum of all charges
is associated with positively charged body and
ingress into a
negatively charged body.
charge always .
mass
>
-

(ii) to the electric field line at

.

Tangent any point gives the direction

change can neither be created nor be destroyed

>
-
.

of electric field at that point

.

charge produces &F & M F

>
-
· .

(iii) No two electric field lines of force intersect each other .

>
-

Like charge repel each other I unlike charges (iv) The electric field lines are
always normal to the surface of a
attract each other :

conductor, both while

starting or ending on the conductor .

Quantization
() More is
density of electric field lines more
Thechargeon
wile e
body the be the
-
any .
,

strength of electric field at that point.

8 =
Ine n = 1
,
2
,
3, -----

Superposition of
⑪ Electric field; The resultant
electric field at
Coulomb's Nature of force any point is equal to the vector
Law #
Sum of electric field at that point due to
F Ez Attraction ; 9 9, 0

Ka
=
,
various
Repulsion ; 9 , 9270
charges
.

1 =
1 E E + E+ Est
=
- -

4/ %
Ex-pemittivity of free space

Sunil Jangra Physics

medium other
.

Any Electric dipole

System of equal ⑪ : two and opposite
=8 854x
· than airl vacuum
.

N distance "Za
charges separated by a :

of given
T
VECTOR FORM
E-permittivity
medium .
Electric dipole moment (5) =
119/29 -

VC & tre

Electric field due

E
=-relative permittivity dipole
>
to
F
-

⑭ ⑭ Fal
r
9, 92 >
-
shortdipole .

U> G Eg lose
Fm
F
=
Fr
=

S Kpsino
A
T -
S
⑮ D
↓ T
2k/ v3
Eeg 13
= & ⑪ Ex

I
#--
a
- -

F=( -

>
re T A

4, So --
Ir, 12 ,
-
3 EC I r -

Ea
natorial 3
Eq
# Principle of Superposition ① line
W Ta
iP O
=

O Ea
&
> ↓
- -----
· X

Net force on
-

q ⑮ +
9 E r > Cr
r2 Un 0 2a x

2
Axial line Ea
--
-
=

uz
On men

FFE ---- F
9 ------
r
+

e E
A
=
pr E
eq
= A

#8 (rEa 48 (r2+ a 33/2

On general point, Eg =co

 in Uniform Electric field # Electric flue : is a measure of the number of electric field
Dipole
lines crossing an area placed in an electric field
.
Torque : Two forces equal & opposite separated by a
** E
,

Ea
-

distance constitute a couple (torque)

. 0 -
between -
O

E =
area vector
Free -
O
E E ↳ I cular to
9 surface&
⑪
+9
= - =
EacOSO
F = &E
-
T =
q2aEsinO
⑪
PEsinO
0= 900 =
0
always directed
away from
⑮ #
T =

surface -
#
Casino
E BxE for
surface/non uniform
=
D
non-uniform
·
-F

unit--Nm2c
pEdACOSO
"

O-go"
:

P
⑭
S]
-ge -)0 0 = 0 0r180 =

F =

TmaPE
-

Emin = O

Note : Torque tends to dipole in the direction EOF

align the Ganss Law :- For closed surface the
-
.
-
a
enclosing a net
charge a,
net electric fluxI is
emerging out
given by

external
to rotthe
doneby agent
>

work
-

= E d5 - =

&n *
De r -

gaussian surface
WE & TDO W PETcoso -COSO , ] Note : if dipole is enclosed
by a closed surface flux & is
=
a , zero
-
,
↓ Hence the
algebraic Sum of
Charges ( + 9-q) 0
=

This work done is store in the Flux from a cube

form of Electrostatic Potential (i) if 9 is at the centre of

=
cube total flux p

Energy (U)
(ii) from each face of cube ,
flux=go
if "
0 -90 & 82 -0 then U =
-PECOSO
, #Electric field due to a thin infinitely long straight ,
wire of
↳ Reference of Zero P E . .

uniform linear
⑪
charge densityx d5 S .

Stable and Unstable Equilibrium of Dipole E@ =

r =
Perpendicular + + + + +
11111111
~

+ + + x+
*
p
+ + +

E
E
I
Gr distance of the
&
observation point from the wire
E .

>
-

Stable
equilibrium
>
-

Unstable equilibrium
Electric Field
intensity due to
uniformly charged conducting sphere .

outside the sphere At the surface Inside the sphere

O= po 8 =
1888 t r

=R
t

=
+
E +
E=0
T 0 Umin PE TO Umax PE +
++

Sunil Jangra Physics

= -
=
=
+
, +
+
Rt E = r

+ +
#
+ To

Dipole in non-uniform Electric field q

Free#O TO * Electric field

intensity due to a thin infinite plane sheet of

charge. E = + I+
+
+ +
↑ Continuous
charge distribution : The region in which charges 230 E + + +
E
&
are
closely spaced is said to have continuous distribution of A
+ + +

+ + +

charge It is of three types

.
↑ + + + +
+

Linear Charge Surface Charge Volume Charge 0 702

Distribution Distribution Distribution Case(i)T ,
T2 09)
Case (1) j -
u

⑪ ⑪
-

+ H t t
②
--

+ + II t

·
+ -

+ + + I
charge charge
+ + +
x + + + +
surface Volume + -

+
I III
---
-
E
+ +

density
Ep + + +
E2 E + + + , El
+ + +
E,
density
&
+ + +
Linear charge density
, 8
- + ⑧
+
8 - ⑧

+ + + + + + + +
·
-E Ez
Es
-

charge P= charge
- -

n
charge a
T=
& d& Ee
2
Ea
= = =
- ↓
I + +
I + +
It t
-

Area volume dV - Eg
&
E= p
+ + dq + +
Y
(
t

dr
In
region I E
= E= u c

·
+
53
+
+

S I
i
d &
a da & ·
↓
Go a In
region (U-
-

=
I E

dF =
1 99) ↑ dF
- Go dE 90 (d9) *
=

48, r2 45E, U2 In
region I E
= tr
d9 = Xdl dq = udS dq =
PdY

For
e
Fora Fora
Sunil Jangra Physics
Sunil Jangra Physics