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ITNotes
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Magnetism
CHI -
5

&
Matter
Prepared By
Mr. Sunil Jangra
NCERT CHAPTER 5th -

Magnetism
mmmm
and
mm
Matter
mhm

NaturallyagneI=A natural Magnet is an

Magnetic Field : The space around
its in flu
of iron Cfezoz ) which attracts small magnet within which
-

ore a
is known
cobalt and nickel towards it ence can be
experienced
pieces of Iron ,
.
-

• when suspended freely ,

comes to rest along
as its
Magnetic field -
The line
magnet
joining the two poles of a
north south direction .

Magnetic axis
-

is known
.

as
which is
Artificial Magnet isMagnet :
Dipole
Magnetic
- -
- -
.

known as
prepared artificially m m

artificial
Magnet e.g
. a horse shoe -
Magnet , N s
needle etc
bar
magnet , magnetic
.

a K ,
2b

Magnetic Dipole menI

all
Iag netted lines : Magnetic in nature i
Denoted by M e M=mx2L
hypothetical
-

Field lines
.
are
used to
magnetic field lines are m =
pole strength
around
represent a Magnetic
field 2L =
dipole Length
.

the Magnet Due to Bar Magnet

.

Coulomb.is Law -
-

PIO parties
-
- -

M, *E⑧B@=€egg@EtT-#€→
'

ITB Mz
r
is . Magnetic Field lines K g
are closed continuous
Magnetic Force Fm Ami Ma
curves
extending through
the Magnet .
r2
Field lines
dis outside the Magnet, Magnetic
.

from north pole and submerge

Fanning F=¥zm÷nz
emerges
into south pole of magnet
the .

Magnetic Field intensity

(iii. The tangent
to magnetic Field line at
due to a Bar Magnet .

any point gives

the direction of magnetic
Field at that point .

Magnetic field Intensity

ice No Two magnetic field lines inter
ever
B→= II or B E =

at the point of m
m
.

sect each other, because

B=h¥m¥¥ 13=4%7-2
intersection direction of
we get two

Magnetic field lines which is not possible .

'

Magnetic Field at point

to Bar Magnet
-

a Due
mmmmmmmm
mm mmmmmhm
O P
s . - - -
- - -

p
- - - - - - -
H - - - - - -
*
'

Mof due to South M 21 M

K X Cr e ) -

pole K X
Bj tom
.

HECATE k
Cortes
q
,
MOE due to North Pole Net
Magnetic Field B=BN- Bs

Britt;7zEe, B-ifozm-LE.ei-f.mil B-IEIM.IT

-

Dipole liker
B=Uo2M4otr3
'
For Short

ME due
murmurous
to Bar Magnet mm
at equatorial
mmmmmmmm
line of Bar Magnet .

at P due to N pole Bar nBµsin0

Magnetic field
strength
-

& S -

pole are
resp . BESO O
c
p
Bscoso OC

Belton
&
Bilton c

4t(r4a2) 4514499
direction Yu
Bs
tgvpgsino HeJg ,

are in same
Here cosine components
is
Magnetic Field
.

so total
H
13=13,050+132-0050 Here B, -_ Bg S N
g
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
.

axiom x a- "
K ' t
So 13=213, cos O B -
-
ea ea

Asteria) Ita't
"

* when point makes angle O

with axis of
dipole
'" A a Bar
Magnet
.

B -
-
Moly for short
Itak Moti
B=y¥ Mates
so B -
-

testy 3

Bar
Magnet as an equivalent solenoid .

of
mm mmmm
mmmm •Iq n
Fi

¥ ¥ ¥↳¥ !!
#⑧*
.

Let a radius of solenoid

,
-
-

age g n p
ze length of solenoid with centre 00
- •
-

v
, .

n= number of Turns per unit length , ± .

E- of current passed through

strength a
N
,
solenoid .
K K X
l l
any point
og
we have to calculate magnetic Field
consider
at r
ee
×

axis of solenoid where 0p=k

.

P on the
solenoid,
a small element of width da of the
-

at distance da from O
.
a
loop
-

Magnetic Field due to Current carrying

.

Using equation of
distance from o
Noia cndn) IF plies at
very large
.

a
i. e dB= -
[ (r ng't a43k=r3
.

312 i ers>
-
a and box then
g[ Craft
-

we
get dB=Uo8a2ndn-

283
-

!
!! u.gg#LxIIleB--uoniIX2l
and Divide ans
Multiply
B
Moja
so -
-

283 by 21T .

so
B = No 2M °o° M =
ilnzl) Ita tf -
-
NEA

Magnetic field
-

htt '
This the expression for
Thus the
on the axial line of a short bae Magnet
.

current is
axial field of a finite solenoid carrying
same as that of a bar
Magnet
.

behave like huge magnet

.

Earth
Magnetism
a
The Earth 's .

magnet is
A bar embedded inside it ,
Huge
Field around it
producing magnetic
.

earth is about
it's value on the surface of
varies
1 Gauss or 10-4 Tesla .
its strength
the surface of
From place to place on

earth 's
vertical plane passing
.

Magnetic Meridian mmmm

:→ A
axis is called
magnetic
mm mmmm

the
through
Magnetic meridian .

vertical
Geographical euridice :-, A

plane passing through the

geo
called

Geographic
graphic axis is
meridian .

Elements of Earth 's Magnetism

mum rn
mum run
declination Ca) : The smaller
Magnetic
un
rumrunner
between the magnetic
sub tented
angle is
meridian geographic meridian
and
declination it is
Magnetic
.

called
denoted by O .

ILagnnehikknehinnakenereagneeieei.pk .

The smaller angle subtended between the magnetic

axis and Horizontal line in Magnetic meridian
it
called Magnetic inclination or
Magnetic Dip .

is denoted by 8 .
 & Vertical component of Earth's Magnetic Field .

Horizontalwww.nrmmmm-rrrmmmrrm
field of earth 's
mum

In above Figure , B is the Resultant Magnetic

BOSS 11=13 sins Direction of Resultant
.

then Bff &

mm mmmm

13=113,4-13×7 B #
132058 t 1325in'S tan 8 = Ev
Field of earth's Bf,
note: -1 At magnetic pole the magnetic
f- 00
is vertical f- go? At Magnetic equator
.

i
-
e

Previous Year's Questions

g- At a place the horizontal Component of earth 's Magnetic
,

Field is B and angle of dip is Goo what is the value - -

of Horizontal component of
Field at earth 's Magnetic
equator .

given BH - B 8=600 Bt,

=
By COSS so
13=12,2
Bye 21.3 at equator f- O ooo 13µF By Coss
: where on the surface of 1.135-2137 Ans WE?
Earth is the vertical component
of earth 's magnetic field is neo .

@O: where on the

surface of Earth
Answer At
magnetic equator
.
=

is the of
⑤④: if the horizontal and vertical angle
the Earth 's dip 900 ?
components of
At North
Magnetic fields are equal at a
anszu.er.rs
and South Pole
.

certain place , what would bethe

of dip at that place ? PII : -

A
Magnetic needle
angle free to rotate in a

solution Given By BH '

vertical plane, orients
= '

we know teens =B± tan 8=1 itself vertically at a

Bit certain place on Earth .

what are the valueof

1.8=455 Ans wet .

component
④ Horizontal
.

Cui) Angle of
.
dip at this

place
it -0%1=98
.

Answer .