Waves

Direction of wave's travel

A A
> B
⑧ ⑧
M
Wave
forming particles
↑
are
↓
⑭
vibrating
perpendicular served
↓

⑧ ④ ⑧ to

⑧
I
⑧ trave.
waves

crest

Travers
-
a

Gamma Radio
Ultra-Visible Infra-
Nirto
X-Rays
rays Waves waves
The wave pulse bead to
direction of UP
causes move
and down, perpendicular to the
Electromagnetic spectrum
-

3
wave's travel.
-
A

a
-

Bead -

- S

Plasticbale ii. R. Se
#

water
se
ripple on water
surface propagating
towards ball to vibrate
right causes the

vertically (up and down, perpendicular to

R > a C R C
direction wave's travel.
of

il........
-

:.....is
:c
-

it
⑧

congitude
-

?
I · ·

-
·
v
I
·
_
-

comp pression efaction

a
- ⑧

I
I
I
wall. I
⑧

⑧
⑧
⑧

Pressure

Sinusoidally (like a
sineorcosingone
&
 Waves carrier

÷
> as

> Mechanical § Electromag .

waves

>
Longitudenalog Transverse
I
→ Waves vibrations
*
Amplitude
>
Wavelength
> Period
>
Frequency
>
Wavefronts
> K -
T and N -
S graph

circular wavefronts Displacement in -

phase
water
ne
on
surface

wavefronts represent
rx crests

'

" ✗
i
'

i
:<
'

wavelength ,

traverse Longitudenal
wave
wave

compression Rarefaction

> wave 's travel

period time taken see

No .

of cycles

5
cycles
No of cycles see
time taken 10sec
Frequent f .

HZ
Time taken

5-
1-
¥ f-

50c
= =

10 5011-2
f- =
!
Hertz > Hz ( unit of freq )
per second
1 Hz > One cycle to be completed per second
?⃝
 ✗

É Transverse
wave

' -

Longitudenal
.

wave

compression Rarefaction

'

> Waves travel

> distance

¥É÷¥¥ÉU
" "cred

;D
spe
④ =

V =
X
T

~
""
_

i i. ✓ = ×
,

i.
. ..

Distance travelled X
= V =
Xf
Time taken =

const
④④
>

☐
.

V V
 Refraction of aves
Lighter medium Denser medium

3×10%5
"

>
Less refractive medium More refractive medium
speed of alight in V1
Refractive Index vacuum 2
n = > >

speed of a
Light in the medium
#

N =
✓

< >
m < >
×
.

, ×,

Refractive Index of glass n =

speed of a
light in vacuum Boundary
G
speed of Light in glass
④ =④④ constant
a
>

Refractive Index of water n =

speed of alight in vacuum ✓ v
w
speed of a Light in water

Lighter medium Denser medium

Less refractive medium More refractive medium

V1 2
>

I
< > < >

× Xz
,

it n =
Sini Boundary
I air
sinr 4 ✗2
,

t water
¥

→ r i air

water water water

in
r

Sini n Sint
= =

Sint Sini
air glass
> 2
/

# #

air glass

=
Hi
 "° "
""
"

↑µ
wavefronts

. ,. ,g
7

> wares >

> travel

¥
>

, ,

,
,
E

Ware 's
wavefronts

>
☒ .

µ.

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