CPAR MIDTERM NOTES

LESSON 1

INTEGRATIVE ART

- the integration of two or more art forms to create more engaging and quality masterpieces.

ART

- an expression of ideas and feelings

FORMS OF ART:

• Literary Arts

- creative use of language (poetry)

• Visual Arts

- the expression of artistic ideas through images, structures and tactile works (painting)

• Performing Arts

- the expression of ideas through performance in front of an audience

LESSON 2

ELEMENTS OF ART:

• Space

- pertains to emptiness which may be positive or negative space.

Negative space - opposite part that the space is enclosing

- the object that is being focused in the art or canvas

Positive space - refers to the part that is enclosed in a shape

- the background of the art or canvas

• Line
- in visual arts pertains to the series of points that may have two characteristics

Form - curved, dotted or broken

Direction - vertical, horizontal or diagonal

- in theatre, line pertains to scripts

- in dance, line pertains to the routine of the steps

• Shape and Form

Shape - formed by connecting both ends of the line

- two-dimensional figure with width and length

Form - three-dimensional

-same dimensions with shape except it has added depth that does not feel flat

• Color

- when light bounces of an object and meets our eyes

- can have lightness or darkness or coolness and warmth

• Value

- in visual arts, this pertains to the lightness or darkness of color

- in music, this refers to its pitch, the highness or lowness of sound

• Texture

- in visual arts, this refers to the tactile or illusory surface of the piece

- in music, this refers to the mood or quality of the composition

PRINCIPLES OF ART:

• Scale and Proportion

- relationship of the elements, particularly relative size of a part of a whole

• Scale - relative size of one object to another

• Proportion - relatable size of parts of a whole

• Harmony

- in visual arts, it is the unity of the artwork

- in music, it refers to the simultaneous sounding or playing of notes

• Variety

- refers to diversity, meaning adding multiple elements to make the artwork more interesting

• Movement

- one of the fundamental principles in dance and theater

- in visual arts, movement is present when it incorporates the passage of time

• Rhythm

- repetition of certain elements to produce a pattern

- in music, this refers to the even distribution of notes

• Balance

- refers to the even distribution of elements

Two types of balance

• Informal Balance or asymmetry - when designs are not equally distributed

• Formal Balance or symmetry - when the weight of the design is equally distributed

Lesson 3

PRECOLONIAL ART

- art, for indigenous people has a form of utility and integrated into communal service such as:

• weddings

• planting and harvesting

• funerals

• rites of passage

- used in daily lives for people like:

• woven fabrics for dresses

• weapons for battles

• chants for good harvest

KASHAWING RITUAL (Lake Lanao)

- prayer for abundance during harvest season

- reenactment of a legendary pact between ancestors and unseen spirits

BANOG-BANOG (Higaonon and B'laan)

MAN-MANOK DANCE (Bagobos)

- imitates a bird's movement

TALIP

- Ifugao's courtship ritual

AGUNG ENSEMBLE

- usually played and complimented with dances that imitate animal movements

• Indigenous Arts were inspired by animism

• created statues to symbolize their ancestors /deities they worship

BUL-BUL (Ifugao)

- represents their granary god

OKIR (Southern Philippines)

- a curvilinear decoration influenced by Indian and Islamic art

SPANISH COLONIAL ART

- Spanish colonization brought Catholicism, imposed western culture and gave rise to religious or
Christian and folk arts

HISPANIC BAROQUE STRUCTURE

- where towns were created in a structure of a plaza complex with a church at the center

- Spanish era in the Philippines focuses on liturgical approach where practices and traditions in religions
become essential.

- is the rise of the Hispanic baroque structure in architecture.

- religious icons like santos and retablos become essential in rituals

- Paintings focused on representing biblical characters and narratives

- Music was used for liturgies, where worship became essential

• Pasyon or Pabasa - narration of Christ's passion is portrayed during Lent season

- Awit and Korido became popular in Iloilo, Pampanga, Ilocos, Bicol

- Spanish colonization marked the rise of kundiman and balitao

- Spanish theatre was adapted which gave birth to sarsuwela, senakulo and komedya

AMERICAN AND JAPANESE COLONIAL ART

- Americans introduced the public education system, which required the learners to learn English

- brought Philippine literature to English

- Paz Marquez Benitez's short story Dead Stars marked the birth of modern Philippine literature in
English

- American popularized seculars like Vaudeville or Bodabil in theatre

FERNANDO AMORSOLO

- Filipino Artists

- University of the Philippines was established and the School of Fine Arts allowed Filipino artists
-The Japanese emphasized on nationalism, effect of the war and repression on the Filipino people

CONTEMPORARY ARTS IN THE PHILIPPINES

- culture and arts were given focus in line with the vision of a "New Society" during the Marcos regime

- Urban planning and architecture were highlighted through the establishment of the Cultural Center of
the Philippines Complex

- Social Realism became the leading movement in response to Martial Law's horrors

- Literary, visual and performing arts were used to express dissent

PROMETHEUS UNBOUND by Jose Lacaba

- revealed the hidden message "Marcos, Hitler, Diktador, Tuta" a chant during protests

JOSE LACABA

- pen name is RUBEN CUEVAS

• when martial law was lifted, Filipino's were reintroduced to Democracy

• with this, art has now become more about self-expression

Unit 2 Lesson 1

MATERIAL OR MEDIUM

- refers to what the artist uses in his creation

APPROACHES OR TECHNIQUES

- methods

Performing arts
- involve a performer (usually a person) undertaking certain actions and movements usually
accompanied by sound in a particular space and time for an audience.

- uses the human body as part of its medium and its dependency on time and space.

- defined by its interdisciplinary and how it integrates various art forms.

3 kinds of performing art forms according to material used:

1. Music

2. Dance

3. Theatre

Elements of Music (auditory):

Rhythm - movement, fluctuation or variation marked by regular recurrence or natural flow of related
elements

Pitch - highness or lowness of sound

Melody - rhythmic succession of single tones organized as an aesthetic whole

Musical Notations - act, process, method or instance of representing by a system of set of marks, signs,
figures or characters used in music

Harmony - combination of simultaneous musical notes in a chord

Timbre

- perceived sound quality of a musical tone which sets it apart from other tones

- described as soft, rough, hoarse, cold, etc.

Elements of Dance (Kinesthetic)

Human Body

- the center of the performance activity

- performs the actions and movements necessary to the piece

- considered to be the main medium of performing arts

Arrangement or pattern

- movements and steps which enable the performers to perform in an organized manner

Time and Space

- performing arts depend highly on this element

- all the other elements must come together to compliment the available selected time and space

Elements of Theatre (dramatic)

Stage Direction

- instructions indicating movement, blockings or positions and othe nuances in the performer's way of
speaking, moving and acting

Narratology - the narrative structure of the piece

Scenic Design - artistic design that creates background or scene to compliment the performances

PHILIPPINE FOLK DANCE

- celebration of culture and tradition

- profound cultural expressions, celebrating the country's rich history and multifaceted heritage

- shaped by the country's long history of colonization

- characterized by diverse cultural practices

- has its roots in the indigenous practice of rituals

- rituals of early Filipino ancestors were the origin of theatre arts in the country

Lesson 2

VISUAL ARTS

- characterized by the manifestations of a wide array of cultural influence in the country

CLASSIFICATIONS OF VISUAL ARTS ACCORDING TO MATERIALS USED:

Two-Dimensional Expressions

- mainly flat because they only have length and width as there dimensions

Techniques utilized in Two-Dimensional Expressions:

1. Alla Prima - known as wet-on-wet or when you paint over a layer of wet paint

2. Encaustic - known as hot wax painting or when you add pigment to beeswax and use it to paint

3. Tempera Painting - adding pigment to a water-soluble binder medium such as egg yolk

4. Fresco - a mural painting technique that involves painting over fresh plaster

5. Water color - when pigments are suspended in a water-based solution

6. Oil on Canvas - adding pigments to drying oil as binder

7. Stained Glass - artwork made of colored glass

8. Mosaic - small pieces (egg shells, glass, stone, seeds, etc.) are assembled together to form an image

9. Tapestry - textile art woven on a vertical loom

10. Drawing - using writing material (pencil, pen, etc.) to mark two-dimensional canvas to form an image

11. Printing - image is formed using a master template

12. Photography - creating images with light

Three-Dimensional Expressions

- apart from length and with, three-dimensional objects also have volume

Categories in three-dimensional expressions :

1. Molding - reshaping a three-dimensional object such as marble or plaster to create new form

2. Carving - scrapping off parts of a material, often wood to create new form

3. Etching - using a strong acid on a surface to create a design

4. Installing - a site, specific artwork designed to transform and include space in its message

Multi-Dimensional Expressions

- uses length, width, mass, time and space as its dimensions and uses various techniques

Categories :

1. Lashed Construction - technique of binding two or more materials together to build a structure

2. Truss Construction - metal or wood framework consisting of rafters, posts and struts, supporting a
roof, bridge or structure

3. Post and Lintel Construction - two upright members (posts, columns) hold up a third member(lintel,
rafter) laid horizontally across their top surfaces

4. Cantilever - beam or structure that is anchored at one end and projects horizontally beyond its
vertical support

5. Arches - curved structural member spanning an opening or recess

ALICE REYES

- extraordinary individual echo played a pivotal role in expanding ballet in the Philippines

- esteemed Filipino choreographer and dancer who has made remarkable contributions to the
advancement of Philippine dance

FRANCISCO "BOBBY" MAÑOSA

- well-known Filipino architect

- incorporating traditional Filipino design elements and materials in modern architecture to promote
Filipino culture and heritage.

- designing sustainable, eco-friendly, and harmonious buildings with the natural environment.”

• Social Realism from a Philippine Perspective

- an artistic movement portraying the stark reality of social issues and inequalities in the Philippines.

- art form originated in the 1960s and is still relevant today

- Numerous artists utilize social realism as a powerful medium to express their views and commentary
on social and political matters.