Biomolecules with conjugated systems:

This refers to biomolecules that contain conjugated double bonds or

aromatic rings, where adjacent p orbitals overlap, allowing electrons to
delocalize across multiple atoms. This delocalization of electrons
gives these molecules unique properties, such as:

 Enhanced light absorption

 Increased electrical conductivity
 Stability and rigidity

Examples of conjugated biomolecules include:

 DNA and RNA bases: The aromatic rings in the bases contribute to
their stability and enable them to stack on top of each other, forming
the double helix structure of DNA.
 Porphyrins: These ring-shaped molecules are found in pigments like
chlorophyll and heme, and their conjugated system is crucial for their
light-absorbing properties.
 Carotenoids: These pigments give fruits and vegetables their bright
colors and are also important antioxidants, with their conjugated
system playing a role in both functions.

Ten Types of conjugated Bio molecules:

1. Chlorophyll: Nature's green powerhouse, capturing specific
wavelengths of sunlight to fuel the wondrous process of
photosynthesis.
2. Hemoglobin: The red chariot of life, transporting oxygen to every
corner of your being, a dance of iron and conjugated bonds keeping
you vibrant.
3. Retinal: The eye's light catcher, a fleeting glimpse of color igniting a
symphony of electric signals, painting the world on the canvas of your
mind.
 4. Carotenoids: A vibrant palette protecting and nourishing, guarding
against sun's fury while bursting with antioxidant zeal.
5. Melanin: A shield woven from sunlight, guarding your skin's
depths, whispering tales of ancestry and sun-kissed days.
6. DNA and RNA bases: The code of life, their aromatic rings a
testament to stability and structure, holding the blueprint for who you
are.
7. Porphyrins: Nature's versatile pigment, adorning life with vibrant
hues, while enabling life's intricate dances of electron transfer.
8. Quinones: Energy couriers, shuttling electrons through cellular
pathways, a vital spark ensuring life's engine keeps humming.
9. Flavins: Metabolic maestros, juggling molecules and transferring
energy, their conjugated magic fueling life's countless chemical
transformations.
10. Bio conjugated molecules: Creations of human
ingenuity, marrying biomolecules for novel functions, unlocking new
frontiers in medicine and research.

Several types of conjugated biomolecules are commonly found in

food items, playing various roles in nutrition, color, and other
essential functions. Here are some prominent examples:

Pigments:
 Chlorophyll: The green pigment in plants, responsible for capturing
sunlight for photosynthesis. While not directly consumed in most
diets, chlorophyll contributes to the nutritional value of leafy greens.
 Melanin: Found in some fruits and vegetables, particularly in the skins
of grapes and eggplants, this pigment contributes to their color and
antioxidant activity.
 Vitamins and Enzymes:

 Vitamin A: Derived from carotenoids in plant foods, it's crucial for

vision and immune function.
 Vitamin B12: Found in animal products like meat and eggs, it helps
maintain healthy nerve function and blood cell formation. Its B-ring
structure involves conjugation.