PDO

PDO

ARCTIC
Petroleum Development Oman

Absorption - Refrigeration – Cycle – Turbine – Inlet - Conditioning

September 10th, 2012 ARCTIC

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ARCTIC™ Team

ARCTIC
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Background
Expectations
To introduce the ARCTIC system by providing a technical presentation on
system operation, site performance to date, analysis of an existing plant,
and the benefits of installing ARCTIC.

Goals

 Present background of ARCTIC Team

 Discuss ARCTIC System operation and benefits
 Present real performance data from installed unit
 Discuss ARCTIC applied to Simple Cycle turbines

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ARCTIC Overview

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The Problem
LM6000 PC-SPRINT
Why chill? 55

• Increased fuel efficiency

• Higher efficiency = better emissions 50

• Power production capability and turbine efficiency increase as

Generator Output (MW)

inlet temperature decreases 45

• Evaporative coolers are limited by wet bulb temperatures

• Electricity demand is highest on the hottest days, but as 40

ambient temperature increases air becomes less dense,

therefore less power can be produced 35

 Power is also the most valuable at these times so

recovering power lost due to high ambient provides a 30

significant Return on Investment

25
-40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50
Why heat? Ambient Temperature (°C)
• Anti-icing is required in icing conditions to prevent damage to turbine blades
• Aero-derivatives: • Frames:
• Anti-ice systems typically heat air 5.5 degrees C • Anti-icing is typically accomplished by using bleed air
above ambient temperature, however power from the compressor. This results in a two-fold power
capability decreases as temperature decreases reduction:
below the “sweet spot” so additional heating 1. As inlet temperature increases, power
enables higher power output production capability decreases
• At part load, heating of the inlet air improves 2. Bleed heat robs valuable compressed air from
heat rate and emissions the combustor (ARCTIC eliminates this need) 5

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The Solution
Why ARCTIC? LM6000 PC-SPRINT
55
Operational Flexibility:
• Fast Start Capability: 50
• On Aero units ARCTIC can be fully chilling or fully

Generator Output (MW)

heating within 10 minutes of turbine fire 45
• Dispatch order:
• By optimizing the heat rate at the desired power 40
level, plant can be dispatched sooner when Heat Chill
preference is given to heat rate 35
• Peaking profile:
• Summer – Chill to enable maximum power 30
• Winter – Heat (beyond anti-icing) to enable
maximum power 25
-40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50
• Load following: Ambient Temperature (°C)
• Varies inlet air temperature to optimize output and heat rate, regardless of ambient temperature
• Can enable maximum turndown to maintain a lb/hr emissions limitation
• Ability to improve heat rate/emissions at part load conditions
• Base load:
• Constant, maximum power across broad ambient temp range
• Dry Low Emissions:
• Reduced fuel mapping (constant inlet temperature)
• Emissions reduction (“Green” Plants)
• For same NET power production as unit with mechanical chiller, less lb of NOx and CO2 produced
• For same emissions as unit with mechanical chiller, more NET power available 6

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How Does ARCTIC Work?

COOLING
WATER
ARCTIC SKID 1. Ammonia-water solution is
3 vaporized in the HRVG
CONDENSER 2. The rectifier separates
LETDOWN
vapor ammonia out the
ABSORBER AQUA top and liquid water to the
4 COOLER SHX
2 bottom
AMMONIA
3. The condenser turns the
INLET
HEATING
RCVR
7 vapor ammonia to liquid
SPRAY
EXHAUST
RCVR PRIME LP
PUMP
8 4. The liquid ammonia
RHX HP RECTIFIER gathers in the ammonia
PUMPS
COOLING
AQUA LP
PUMP COOLING receiver
WATER WATER

9 5. The high pressure liquid

STACK ammonia is expanded in
5 TCV

the TCV
6. The ammonia is
FUEL
1 evaporated in the TIAC,
AIR
6 chilling the inlet air
TIAC HRVG
7. The vapor ammonia is
COILS recombined with the water
Abbreviations: G from the rectifier
TIAC – Turbine Inlet Air Conditioning
TCV – Temperature Control Valve
8. The ammonia-water
HRVG – Heat Recovery Vapor COMBUSTION solution is pumped back
Generator TURBINE
into the HRVG
WATER-COOLED ARCTIC PROCESS TM
2012-06-25 9. The cycle repeats 7

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 Reuses waste product (exhaust energy)

 For same NET power as mechanical chiller, less lb of NOx and CO2
 Ammonia is naturally occurring, readily available, and inexpensive
 Ammonia is environmentally friendly:
 Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP) = zero
 Global Warming Potential (GWP) = zero
 Better heat rate = more efficient use of fuel
 Water recovery from inlet coil condensate

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Background
Summary

 9°C is the optimum inlet air temperature for the LM6000

 Using the turbine’s exhaust heat, the ARCTIC system delivers constant 9°C
compressor inlet air temperature over a broad range of ambient conditions
 Potential to eliminate tempering air fans for Aero units or reduce tempering air
fan aux load for Frame units
 Condensed water from the filter house can be reclaimed and used in other
processes
 Reliable, robust design
 Emissions are reduced per net MW delivered

Goals
 Present background of ARCTIC Team
 Discuss ARCTIC System operation and benefits
 Present real performance data from installed unit
 Discuss ARCTIC applied to Simple Cycle turbines

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Launch Customer

10

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ARCTIC Skid – 2000 Ton Unit

Rectifier • Skid mounted PLC/MCC
• Closed-loop
• Redundant pumps
• 12.2 m long x 4.3 m wide
• No large components or compressors
(eliminating 4160V switchgear)
• Low maintenance/operation costs

LP Pumps

2 x 100% HP Pumps

PLC/MCC Panel
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Going Commercial

• 3Q 2010 COD
• Over 2200 operating hours
• Over 400 starts
• 2000+ tons of chilling
• Up to 14°C of performance heating
• 151 LPM water recovery from filter
house
• Matched turbine fast-start ramp rate
•During Texas cold front provided additional 800 kW of power
over traditional anti-ice systems while power was selling for
$3000/MW-hr = $2,400/hr of additional revenue (over 62 hour
period)
• Maintained 9°C inlet temperature on a 41.7°C day
• Turbine output 51.4 MW on 41.7°C day 12

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 Ambient Temperature (°C) Ambient Temperature (°C)

10
15
20
25
30
50

5
0
10
20
40
50
60
70
80
90

30

0
100
110

-18
-15
-12
-9
-6
-4
-1
352
404
457
10
-18
-12
-6
-1
4
10
16
21
27
32
38
43
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Time Time
2:56:33 11:54:17
3:58:03 12:03:37
4:59:33 12:12:57
6:01:03 12:22:17
7:02:33 12:31:37
8:04:03 12:40:57
9:05:33 12:50:17
10:07:03 12:59:37
11:08:33 13:08:57
12:10:03 13:18:17
13:11:33 13:27:37
14:13:03 13:36:57
15:14:33 13:46:17
16:16:03 13:55:37
17:17:33 14:04:57
Actual Run Data

18:19:03 14:14:17
19:20:33 14:23:37
20:22:03 14:32:57
21:23:33 14:42:17
22:25:03
2100+ tons of chilling

14:51:37
23:26:33 15:00:57
0:28:03 15:10:17

Revision:
1:29:33 15:19:37
2:31:03 15:28:57
3:32:33 15:38:17
4:34:03 15:47:37
5:35:33 15:56:57

Ambient Air (°C)

LPC Inlet Air (°C)

6:37:03 16:06:17
7:38:33 16:15:37
LPC Inlet Air (°C)
Ambient Air (°C)

8:40:03 16:24:57
Anti-ice requirement (°C)

9:41:33 16:34:17
10:43:03 16:43:37
11:44:33 16:52:57
12:46:03 17:05:32
13:47:33 17:14:52
6°C

14:49:03 17:24:12
15:50:33 17:33:32
16:52:03 17:42:52
17:53:33 17:52:12
11°C

18:55:03 18:01:32
19:56:33 18:10:52
20:58:03 18:20:12
21:59:33 18:29:32
23:01:03 18:38:52
0:02:33 18:48:12
Additional heating (and power gain) beyond traditional anti-ice systems

1:04:03 18:57:32
2:05:33 19:06:52
3:07:03 19:16:12
4:08:33 19:25:32
5:10:03 19:34:52
6:11:33 19:44:12
7:13:03 19:53:32
8:14:33 20:02:52
9:16:03 20:12:12
Tdb = 40.5°C
Twb = 26.7°C

10:17:33 20:21:32
11:19:03 20:30:52
ARCTIC

12:20:33
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Mode Transition
70
21

60
16
Ambient Temperature (°C)

10
50
LPC Inlet Air (C°)
404
Ambient Air (°C) TRANSITION CHILLING
30
-1
HEATING
-6
20
Smooth (and automatic) transition between operation modes
-12
10

-18
0
6:34:45
5:54:45
6:04:45
6:14:45
6:24:45

6:44:45
6:54:45
7:04:45
7:14:45
7:24:45
7:34:45
7:44:45
7:54:45
8:04:45
8:14:45
8:24:45
8:34:45
8:44:45
8:54:45
9:04:45
9:14:45
9:24:45
9:34:45
9:44:45
9:54:45
10:04:45
10:14:45
10:24:45
10:56:49
11:06:49
11:16:49
11:26:49
11:36:49
11:46:49
11:56:49
12:06:49
12:16:49
12:26:49
12:36:49

12:56:49
13:06:49
13:16:49
13:26:49
13:36:49
13:46:49
13:56:49

14:16:49
14:26:49
14:36:49
14:46:49
14:56:49
Time

12:46:49

14:06:49
 Morning Ambient Temperature: 1.1°C  Skid changes modes based on ambient
 Afternoon Ambient Temperature: 17.8°C temperature

 Although the ambient temperature increased  Hands-off, automated transition

16.7°C, compressor inlet temperature only  Only system available that performs
varied 4°C both inlet conditioning functions
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Background
Summary
 Minimal parasitic loads
 Mechanical chiller at commercial site = 3.2 MW at full load
 Approximately 1.6 MW of parasitic load per 1000 tons of chilling

 ARCTIC system = 220 kW at full load

 Approximately 110 kW of parasitic load per 1000 tons of chilling

 Performance Heating can be as valuable as chilling

 Fast-start capable
 ARCTIC takes ambient air temperature out of the equation
 Constant power output across ambient
 Constant fuel consumption across ambient

Goals
 Present background of ARCTIC Team
 Discuss ARCTIC System operation and benefits
 Present real performance data from installed unit
 Discuss ARCTIC applied to Simple Cycle turbines

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Simple Cycle Units

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GE 9E Performance with ARCTIC

145,000

135,000
Output (kW)

125,000

Base
115,000 Evaporative Cooling
Mechanical Chilling
105,000 ARCTIC

95,000
15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Ambient Temperature (°C)

12,600
Base
12,400
Heat Rate (kJ/kWh, HHV)

Evaporative Cooling
12,200 Mechanical Chilling
ARCTIC
12,000

11,800

11,600

11,400
15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Ambient Temperature (°C)
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These values are based on power production at the generator terminals minus the parasitic loads of the inlet conditioning and some SCR tempering loads.

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GE 6FA Performance with ARCTIC

85,000

75,000
Output (kW)

Base
Evaporative Cooling
65,000
Mechanical Chilling
ARCTIC

55,000
15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Ambient Temperature (°C)
13,000

Base
Heat Rate (kJ/kWh, HHV)

12,500
Evaporative Cooling
Mechanical Chilling
12,000 ARCTIC

11,500

11,000

10,500
15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Ambient Temperature (°C)
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These values are based on power production at the generator terminals minus the parasitic loads of the inlet conditioning and some SCR tempering loads.

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Estimated Water Recovery with ARCTIC

350

300

250
6FA
9E
Liters per Minute

200

150

100

30.3°C Max Wet Bulb

50

0
15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Ambient Temperature (°C)

19

ARCTIC
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Background
Summary
 ARCTIC technology (and performance gain) is not limited to a specific turbine
(Frame units see comparable benefits to aero units)
 Water reclamation (condensate recovered + avoided evaporative cooling
water) can be sufficient to shift plants from a water consumer to a water
producer
 Among the available inlet conditioning technologies, ARCTIC presents:
 Highest output gain
 Lowest heat rate
 Biggest efficiency improvement

Goals
 Present background of ARCTIC Team
 Discuss ARCTIC System operation and benefits
 Present real performance data from installed unit
 Discuss ARCTIC applied to Simple Cycle turbines

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ARCTIC Contacts

Chris Mieckowski
ARCTIC Product Line Manager
913.928.7304
Chris.Mieckowski@Kiewit.com

Luke Buntz
Mechanical Engineer
913.689.3931
Luke.Buntz@Kiewit.com

21

These values are based on power production at the generator terminals minus the parasitic loads of the inlet conditioning and some SCR tempering loads.

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