THINGS TO REVIEW

LESSON 1: MATHEMATICAL LANGUAGE AND SYMBOLS

Mathematics- It helps in organize patterns and regularities in the world, predict the
behaviour of nature and phenomenon in the world.
SYMBOLS/OPERATIONS BASIC ENGLISH TERMS
= Equals, is equal to (most common mistake “is equals
to”), represents, the same as, similar to, equivalent.
+ Plus, sum, total, added to, added with, added by, raised,
more, more than, and, increased.
- Minus, difference, subtracted from, subtracted by,
diminish, less, less than, decreased.
() x . * Times, product, multiplied by, multiplied with, multiplied
to, doubled, tripled (etc).
/ Divided by, quotient, per, ratio, halved, ratio, over, over
all.

BASIC MATHEMATICAL ENGLISH TRANSLATION

STATEMENTS
3+4=7  Three plus four equals seven.
 Three plus four is equal to seven.
 Three increased by four is seven.
Common error
 Three plus four is equals to seven.
10-2=8  Ten minus two is eight.
 Ten less two is eight.
 Two less than ten is equal to eight.
 The difference of ten and two is eight.
Common errors
 Ten less than two is eight. (connotes diff.
meaning)
 The difference of two and ten is eight. (connotes
diff. meaning)
7(2)=14  Seven times two is fourteen.
 The product of seven and two is fourteen.
 Twice the number seven is fourteen.
Common errors
 Double the seven is fourteen.
 Twice the product of two and seven is fourteen.
(redundant)
6/2=3  Six divided by two is three.
 The quotient of six and two is three.
 The ratio of six and two is equal to three.
 Common errors
 The quotient of two and six is three. (connotes
diff. meaning)
 The ratio of two and six is three. (connotes diff.
meaning)
COMBINED ENGLISH TRANSLATION
MATHEMATICAL
STATEMENT
6+2 
The sum of six and two all over four is two.
=2
4 
The ratio of six plus two, and four is equal to two.

Two is the quotient when the sum of six and two is
divided by four.
Common errors
 Six plus two divided by four is two. (connotes
diff. meaning)
2(12-4) =16  Twice the difference of twelve and four is sixteen.
Common error
 Double the difference of twelve and four is
sixteen. (connotes diff. meaning)
ALGEBRAIC ENGLISH TRANSLATION
STATEMENT
2x=14  Twice a number is equal to fourteen.
 Two times a number is fourteen.
5+x=15  Five plus a number is equal to fifteen.
 The sum of five and a number is fifteen.
2(x+ 1)  The ratio of twice the sum of a number and one,
=5
3 and three is equal to five.

LESSON 2: FIBONACCI SEQUENCE

Fibonacci Sequence- It is characterized by the feet that every number after the first
two terms is the sum of the two preceding ones.
TERM POSITION Fn VALUE FIBONACCI NUMBER
1st F0 0
2nd F1 1
3rd F2 1
4th F3 2
5th F4 3
6th F5 5
7th F6 8
8th F7 13
9th F8 21
10th F9 34
11th F10 55
 12th F11 89
13th F12 144
14th F13 233

Make a Fibonacci sequence of five terms out of the following given first two terms.

1. f0=1, f1=3
1,3,4,7,11,18,29…
2. f0=3, f1=6
3,6,9,15,24,39,63

LESSON 3: SETS, SET OPERATIONS, VENN DIAGRAM

SETS- It is a collection of data or objects called elements. Sets are usually denoted by
capital letters.
ELEMENTS ∈- Are the objects or things inside the set. Elements of the set is denoted
by small letters.
SET REPRESENTATION
ROSTER METHOD OR TABULAR FORM- Lists down all the elements in the given set.
Example 1: Set A is the set of counting numbers less than 6.
A= {1,2,3,4,5}

Example 2: Set B is the set of positive even integers greater than 8.

B= {10,12,14,16…}
SET BUILDER FORM- use for describing a set.
Example 1: Set A is the set of natural numbers less than 6.
A={x I x ∈ N ∧x >6 }
It is read as “the set of all x such that x is a counting number and greater than 6.”
Example 2. Set B is a set of whole numbers greater than 4, but less than 12.
B={ x I x ∈W , x >4 , x <12 }
Empty Set- a set with no elements and always a subset of any set.
Universal Set- a type of set which has all the elements in the universe of discourse.
Venn Diagram- a diagram that we use to represent sets or operations on set. It is a
pictorial representation of sets within an enclosing rectangle
OPERATIONS ON SET
UNION OF SETS- combining the elements of 2 or more sets.

INTERSECTION OF SET- common elements of both sets.

COMPLEMENT OF A SET- elements in the universal set but cannot be found on a

specific set.
Example. U= {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9}
A= {2,4,6,8} A’= {1,3,5,7,9}
Venn Diagram Word Problems
In this section we will use Venn diagrams to solve word problems. We will put numbers
in the regions of a Venn diagram that represent quantities as opposed to the elements
of a set.
Example.
In a group of 100 students, 28 play football, 18 play hockey, 10 play cricket, 12 play
football and hockey, 17 play football and cricket, 7 play hockey and cricket and 8 play all
the three games.

Let’s use F=football, H=hockey, C=cricket. When we add all the numbers in the Venn
Diagram it is equal to 100, meaning we don’t have to use any operations since it was
already indicated in the Venn diagram.
1. How many students play Hockey only? 18 students
2. How many students play Football only? 28 students
3. How many students play Cricket only? 10 students
4. How many students play Hockey and Football? 12 students
5. How many students play Hockey and Cricket? 7 students
6. How many students play Football and Cricket? 17 students
7. How many students play all 3 sports? 8 students
LESSON 4: RELATIONS AND DUNCTIONS
Relation- is a set of ordered pairs.
Domain and Range
 Each ordered pair has two parts, an x-value and y-value
 The x-values are called domain
 The y-values are called range
ORDERED PAIR
Example 1. List down the domain and range of the following function.

Domain (x-value): {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5} range (y-value): {-5, -4, -3, -2, -1, 0}
Function- is a relation that assigns each y-value with only one x-value.
LESON 5: OPERATIONS ON FUNCTION
Notation for Function Operations
OPERATION NOTATION
ADDITION ( f +g ) ( x ) =f ( x )+ g (x)
SUBTRACTION ( f −g ) ( x )=f ( x )−g (x)
MULTIPLICATION ( fg )( x )=f ( x) ∙ g (x)
DIVISION f
g ()
( x )=
f (x )
g (x)
, where g(x )≠ 0

GIVEN: f(x)=2x g(x)=3x+2

ADDITION
Equation: ( f +g ) ( x ) =f ( x )+ g (x)
Substitute the given functions to the equation.
( f +g ) ( x ) =2 x +3 x+ 2
Combine like terms
¿ 2 x+3 x +2
( f +g ) ( x ) =5 x +2

SUBTRACTION

Equation:( f −g ) ( x )=f ( x )−g (x)

Substitute the given functions to the equation.
( f −g ) ( x )=2 x−(3 x +2)
Distribute the negative sign to the quantities in the parenthesis.
( f −g ) ( x )=2 x−3 x−2
Combine like terms.
¿ 2 x−3 x−2
( f −g ) ( x )=−x−2
MULTIPLICATION

Equation: ( fg )( x )=f ( x) ∙ g (x)

Substitute the given functions to the equation.
( fg )( x )=( 2 x ) (3 x+2)
In this function we don’t have to use the FOIL method, but instead we can directly
multiply 2x to (3x+2)
( fg )( x )=6 2+ 4 x

DIVISION

f f (x)
Equation:( ) ( x ) =
g g (x)
Substitute the given functions to the equation.
f 2x
( ) ( x) =
g 3 x +2
Since 2x is not divisible by 3x+2, the quotient of the equation is still
f 2x
( ) ( x) =
g 3 x +2
2
Given: f ( x )=x +5 g ( x )=x +11 x +30
f f (x)
Equation:( ) ( x ) =
g g (x)
Substitute the given functions to the equation.
f x +5
( ) ( x) = 2
g x +11 x+ 30
To divide the function, factor the denominator
f x +5
( ) ( x) =
g (x+ 5)( x+6)
Simplify
f 1
( ) ( x) =
g x +6