Definitions of Tourism :

 Tourism comprises the activities of persons traveling to and staying in places outside
their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business
and other purposes. – UNWTO
 The sum of the phenomena and relationships arising from the travel and stay of non-
residents, in so far as they do not lead to permanent residence and are not
connected to any earning activity. - Hunziker and Krapf
 Tourism is the temporary short-term movement of people to destinations outside
the places where they normally live and work and their activities during their stay at
these destinations. - Tourism Society of Britain

Aims and Objectives of Tourism :

The aim of tourism in India is to promote the country as a premier travel destination and to
harness the economic, social, and cultural benefits that tourism can bring. The Indian
government, along with various stakeholders in the tourism industry, work together to
achieve several objectives through tourism development:

1. Economic Growth: Tourism is a significant contributor to India's economy. The aim is to

boost foreign exchange earnings, create employment opportunities, and stimulate
economic growth in various regions of the country.

2. Employment Generation: Tourism provides direct and indirect employment to millions of

people in India. The aim is to create more job opportunities, particularly in areas where
other economic activities may be limited.

3. Cultural Exchange: Tourism facilitates cultural exchange between travellers and local
communities. It helps preserve and promote India's diverse cultural heritage and traditions.

4. Regional Development: The government aims to promote tourism in lesser-known

regions and rural areas to ensure balanced regional development and reduce economic
disparities.

5. Infrastructure Development: To support the growing tourism industry, investments are

made in infrastructure development, such as transportation, accommodation, and public
facilities.

6. Foreign Investment: Tourism attracts foreign investment in various sectors, including

hospitality, transportation, and infrastructure development, which contributes to India's
economic growth.

7. Sustainable Development: There is a focus on promoting responsible and sustainable

tourism practices to preserve the natural environment, wildlife, and cultural heritage for
future generations.
8. Showcasing India's Diversity: India is known for its rich diversity, including historical
monuments, natural landscapes, religious sites, festivals, and cuisine. The aim is to
showcase this diversity to attract travellers with varied interests.

9. Strengthening Diplomacy: Tourism serves as a means of diplomatic engagement with

other countries, fostering international relations and cultural understanding.

10. Improving Quality of Life: Tourism revenue can be reinvested in local communities,
helping to improve public services, education, and healthcare.

Overall, the aim of tourism in India is to position the country as a world-class destination
that offers a memorable and enriching experience to travellers while benefiting the nation's
economy and its people.

Role of History in Tourism :

The historical and cultural heritage plays important role in development of internal tourism.
objects of historical and cultural heritage being an important asset of the cities make profit
and influence their economic development. The cultural heritage, as a part of human life is
real evidence of the past and it attracts tourist Historical monuments creates financial help.
It stimulate the development of cultural tourism. Today tourism is a major source of income
for many countries and effects the economy of the country. European Cultural heritage is
one of the oldest and most important tourism.

History and tourism are two sides of the same coin. Historical places monuments, temples,
forts, war sites, Capitals are visited. Government preserves historical places and valuable
things. People get inspiration and knowledge.

In India there are many forts, rivers, temples, mosques and holy places. In Maharashtra
there are many forts like Janjira, Sindhu Durg, Vijaya Durg, Raj Durg.

The role of history is very important in the f of tourism. The tourist divided in different
categories of which historical tourism is important. This category related with a place of
historical importance. In India we will find various places of heritage which are rel to ancient
history and culture and therefore we have of places where in memorial and historical sites
exister The location where such memorial and archaeological si are built they are called the
places of historical tow In the field of tourism the places of historical importer occupies a
prominent place and therefore the role of history becomes an important factor If there are
not places of historical tourism the concept of tourism can't t imagined. Therefore the
importance of the site or the lor Can't be ignored some of the important sites from historical
point of view in India are as under.

Memorials :

 Agra – Taj Mahal

  Bijapur - Gol Gumbaz
 Aurangabad - Bibi ka Maqbara

Forts :

 Red Fort- Delhi

 Krishna Durga - Kandahar (Dist. Nanded)
 Paranda Fort - Paranda. (Dist. Osmanabad)
 Ausa Fort - Ausa (Dist. Latur)
 Mahadurg - Taluka Dharur (Dist. Beed)
 Devgiri Fort - Daulatabad

Caves :

 Ajanta - Taluka Soigaon

 Ellora - Taluka khuldabad
 Barabar - Dist. Gaya, Bihar
 Khand gisi – Dist. Bhuneshwar, Orsissa
 Karle - Taluka Vadgaon, Dist. Pune
 Jannas - Taluka Junnar, Dist. Pune
 Kanheri - Mumbai
 Pitalkhora - Kannad
 Kharosa – Nilanga

Distinction between Traveler and Visitor :

The distinction between a traveler and a visitor can vary depending on context, but
generally, a traveler is someone who journeys from one place to another, often for an
extended period of time and with the purpose of exploration, adventure, or experiencing
different cultures. Travelers might engage in activities like backpacking, sightseeing, or
immersing themselves in local customs.

On the other hand, a visitor typically refers to someone who temporarily stays in a place
that is not their permanent residence. Visitors may be tourists, guests, or individuals on
short-term trips for specific purposes such as business, leisure, or visiting friends and family.
Visitors often have a more defined itinerary or reason for their stay compared to travelers.

In essence, while both travelers and visitors involve movement and temporary stays away
from home, travelers often seek broader experiences and exploration, while visitors may
have more specific intentions or goals for their time in a particular location.

Distinction between Excursionist and Business Tour:

1. An Excursion is a trip by a group of people made for leisure, education, etc.

 2. Excursion is more adventurous than a tour.
3. Excursion is shorter than a tour. It's usually a one day event.
4. Excursion is an educational measure. It is a short journey made for pleasure. A group
taking a short pleasure trip together.
5. A journey is the process of travelling from one place to another by land, air or sea. A
business tour is the process of travelling from one place to another, staying there
usually for a short time and coming back again.
6. An Excursion is a short trip made either as a tourist or in order to do a particular
thing.
7. Business tour is a tour undertaken for work or business purpose. Business tour
aimed at visiting customer or supplier.
8. Business tour is a journey made somewhere and back again for business purposes in
one`s working capacity.
9. Primary business tourism activities include meetings, and attending conferences and
exhibitions.

TOURISM MOTIVATION :

1. What is the motivation & why people go for tour.

2. Motivation: Travel for pleasure.

3. Motivation: Travel for business or profession.

4. Motivation: Religious or Pilgrimage.

5. Motivation: Education and Knowledge.

1. Motivation for tourism:

What makes people to travel is an interesting factor. People travel for a variety of
reasons. Mr. Mclntosh stated that basic travel motivations may broadly be grouped into
the following four categories.

a. Physical motivation: These are related to physical relaxation and rest, sporting
activities and medical treatment all of which are connected to individual’s
bodily health and well being.
b. Cultural motivations: These motivations are connected with the individual’s desire
to travel in order to learn about other cultural heritage like art, music,
paintings, dance etc.
c. Interpersonal motivations: These are related to desire to visit friends, relatives and
to take off from daily routine.
d. Status and Prestige Motivations: As the name indicates, these are status and
prestige motivations, which are identified with the needs of personal esteem
and personal development.
Elements of Motivation:

a. Travel is response to what is lacking yet deserve: This approach suggests that
tourists are motivated by the desire to experience phenomena which are
different from those available in their home environment.
b. Destinations pull in response motivational push: This approach analyses the
motivation of the individual tourist in terms of the level of desire (Push) and
the pull of the destination.
c. Motivation as fantasy: This approach suggests that people travel in order to enjoy
certain things which may not be permitted culturally in their home town.
d. Motivation as classified purpose: This approach analyses the main purpose of the
trip as the motivator for travel. There may be many purposes like visiting family
and friends, enjoying leisure, sports, music, dance, health etc.
e. Motivational typologies: These approaches divide the tourist’s behavior into sun lust
and wander lust.
f. Motivation and tourists’ experience. Many may take up traveling to get new
experience.
There are two groups of travelers. The first group has to meet their friends and
relatives. They have to visit the place where their friends and relatives are living.
There is no choice to for the place. Their decision to travel, where to go and when to
go, to a great extent is outside their control. They are also not influenced by
price or distance. The second group- a holiday or leisure tourists have a
freedom of choice. They have to spend their leisure time for pleasure. They do
not have any fixed place to visit. Depending on the availability of time and
money, they choose the destination.
Travel and tourism have become so closely associated with each other that in
ordinary language, tourism cannot exist without travel. However, travel is one
important part of tourism only. Tourism has a wider concept and meaning
more than mere travel. But a person may travel for many purposes of which tourism
is one. The following are some of the important purpose for which a person may
travel.

2. Travel for pleasure:

Getting away from routine work is one of the important factors for tourism. All persons like
to have fun, excitement and some good time wherever possible. Pleasure is primarily a state
of mind. Most of the pleasure travel is to spend holidays in a different environment. A
person working in a village find a good time in a city environment. Similarly, a person
working in a city may enjoy a village atmosphere. Probably, the strongest of all individual
travel motivation is that of satisfying a need for pleasure. Travel has the unique and
unparalleled quality of being able to satisfy that need. Travel give rise to satisfaction
gained only such experiences. Again pleasure is a subjective phenomenon. The meaning
of this concept varies depending upon the tastes, preferences, culture and age of the
traveler.

3. Religious or pilgrimage Tourism:

Man has been visiting various religious places since the time immemorial. Even during the
ancient times, people used to visit temples to get solace from their routine. In religion
and spirituality, a pilgrimage is a long journey for search of peace and satisfaction. A
person who makes a journey to such a place is called ‘pilgrim’ and a journey to a
sacred destination is called ‘’pilgrimage’’. People have been visiting sacred destinations
all over the world since ancient times. There are different sacred places for different faiths
and beliefs. Although a pilgrimage is normally viewed in the context of a religion, the
personality cult cultivated by communist leaders ironically gave birth to pilgrimage of
their own. Prior to breaking down of USSR in 1991, a visit to Lenin’s Mausoleum in Red
Square, Moscow, had all the features of a pilgrimage for communists. This type of
pilgrimage to a personality cult exists even today.

Reasons for Pilgrimage: There are a number of reasons for people to go for
pilgrimage. It varies from person to person. Even one person may make trips to one holy
place at different times for different reasons. However, the following are some of the
important reasons.

i. Divine relationship: One of the most important reasons that people of all faith
go on pilgrimage is to develop a closer relationship with god or nature. Holy
locations tend to inspire a sense of contentment in those who visit them.
Emotions and thoughts can clear and crystallize the thinking when you visit such
places. Establishing a relationship with the supreme is the central theme of
visiting religious places and making a pilgrimage.
ii. Forgiveness: Seeking forgiveness is another reason for people to go on a
pilgrimage. A common belief among traditional people is that pilgrimage is
dedicated to god that can lead to forgiveness of all sins committed by man.
Sincerity and the desire to transform negative experiences into positive ones is part
of the forgiveness of the pilgrimage.
iii. Healings: Many believe that holy destinations contain a healing energy. From
the times of Jesus, people have traveled to sacred destinations in the hopes of
getting a spiritual and physical healing. Spending some times in a holy and peaceful
atmosphere can have positive effect on our mind and body.
iv. Guidance: Many people seek guidance for a specific issue when they face
some problems. To get some solution to their problem they undertake
pilgrimage. Many will get guidance in different forms in holy places when their mind
is disturbed.
v. Annual Pilgrimage: Many people visits a sacred destination at least once in a
year as a family tradition. They go to the place of their belief and worship in
different forms.
 vi. To Achieve the Life’s Goal: According to Hindu belief, the ultimate goal of a man is
to get ‘Moksha’ - freedom from birth and death life cycle. To meditate and pray to
god to achieve that goal, people may go to sacred destination. Similarly, people
belonging to Islam faith, believe that one should make ‘Haj Pilgrimage’ at least
during once in life time.
vii. Personal Transformation: Personal transformation is often a positive effect of
pilgrimage. Visit to holy places give rest to person’s routine work and refresh the
mind, which can lead to self discovery. The new vision for future is illuminated.
4. Education and knowledge: This is an ancient concept. Many people traveled to
different places to get themselves educated. There were two international Universities
in India in ancient times- Nalanda and Takshashila. According to Huien Tsang, the University
of Nalanda provided free training for more than 10,000 students, drawn from different
countries of the world.

The pleasure travel became very popular in Europe, when holiday concept of tourism
developed. Virtually all forms of tourism began for educational reasons. If we strictly apply
the meaning of educational tourism, then all tourism is educational, because we will be
getting new experience and enrich our knowledge in every tourism activity. Mr. Ryan, in his
book ‘’The chase of a dream, the End of Play’’ refers tourism as an educational process
within the concept of sociological discussion. The historical references primarily
consider tourism as an educative and adventure activity. Learning in a non-formal
environment is more effective as well as attractive. Structured learning is perceived by
the scholars, as defining features of educational tourism. Participation in educational
tourism enhances the communication and teaching skill among the teachers. It is
proved by researchers that group learning has an edge, over individual learning. Under
the group learning system, effective and more meaningful interaction is facilitated. Even
interaction with the local community can be better organized under the group concept over
the individual.

However, academic research into educational tourism has been very slow. A recent
presentation of research papers by scholars in the international conference stressed the
importance of establishing the correlation between tourism and education. Scholars
agree that education facilitates mobility and in turn, mobility results in tourism.
People are traveling to a place to learn more about history and culture, rather than
just for pleasure. This educational tourism is not limited to students in schools and
colleges only but it covers professionals and executives of the company also. Many
companies hold their brainstorming sessions and even regular meetings outside their place
of work, mostly in some environmental friendly locations.

Types & Forms of Tourism :

1) Regional Tourism:
Regional tourism also takes place outside major urban centres but its focus is more on the
distinct character of different areas where tourists visit. It is generally broader in concept
than rural tourism – it encompasses all the major activities and attractions of the region, not
just rural-based ones.

A region can be determined by natural geographic features such as the Grand Canyon, by
administrative boundaries such as state or country borders, or by the distinctive activities
that take place in an area (for example, wine-making). A region may include major towns,
possibly even cities. Regions can be any size or shape but generally speaking - the larger and
more developed the country, the more regions it has.

Both government tourism authorities and those directly involved in the tourism industry
have a vested interest in promoting areas as distinct ‘regions’.

Many rural areas are in a state of decline with high unemployment and declining
populations, and tourism is seen to have great potential to revitalise those areas.

Promotion of even one or two regional attractions can contribute to the establishment of a
profitable tourism industry in that region, injecting much-needed money into otherwise
weak economies. As more tourists visit a region, more attractions and facilities are
developed, creating a solid infrastructure for tourism activity that in turn makes the region
more hospitable and attractive to tourists. Growth in tourism, whilst it usually carries some
costs (such as increased stresses on the local environment and increased traffic), also
creates jobs and brings trade for local businesses ensuring regional prosperity.