Exauple 4: find all solutions of the dufterential eq. JY .- ny} ox aes (vi) Sol: Again a nonlinear equation! Here =e OD EX 3 =f-xt ae fay Oey’ key , hoe =Lex gM) yi Notice that Foxy) is coutimous if xt0, Multiplying @and dividing (1) by dx aud y’, respectively, we get 2 7 5 Ee dx whenever yto (¥) Futegration yields a = (edd > Psy - fle dx Dy ys-)-K Fe yPeny . 2 D> by = &t2K +20 = 2texr 2x Be x 2 > y= 2xbe2ex +2 Clearly we must requare y So (aud woty’so sine we already required that y4o), Heat is x >0 > > 20° 2x +2cx+2 x xe! cut)letus solve this inequality : X>o Ce = KECKHI>O > fatabola Pele GS-4 Depewcling, ow He valuzs of He tulegration conotaut C the parabola will iuterwct He x-axis at two de ffereut powwts, be taugeut fo the X-axis or nowhere interect He x-axis. 5) > 4 Mat is €>2 aud C<-2 or th a wore coupact nolation Icl>2, iu Har care fhe parabola iufemect He x- ancy at X,=-crdehq | xs 0-veeG if Cy2 then x,x,- Nohce also that x, <0 sine ff we would suppor Heat X,>0 Huy would tuxply CHEE 0 a VEa>e > charcty ~4>0 but tas ta conbudichon aud we munthove xo, Hence X6%, <0 The solution of He systeur Gr) cau be obfarined frow sa aan = in Pee ee ey feeepr o> KSXEX K>O ay rey et> O¢xe xg, X>X, 1) Core c’s4: > C=tr Han xtexe) is Sivaply (xe!) whale is clearly >o Hewce | sy stew (4) becouts or beer to faq reduces te He coudstion x70, Wlase Cea: te parabola kas wo iulerrectious wth Me x-axis aud Wace sme xtextl>9 Veet whenever [lez we cou clude Haat Oe) 15 satis fred for x>0 We couclide Hat c>r2 x 20 when XE (X2,x,)U(0,00) f Mee aan 2x*+ 2ex +2 4 KE (OR)U(K,0) Tf Cc-2 «kK & (000) rf leis, (13)aud hina Yq)et x («) 2x + 2CX+2 Although the problem seews finished, there is auother solution of the given differential eq. Heat our soluhiou Cx) caunot descnbe. Ju He separation sfep marked Ot) pg-i! we kad to requare yo, ‘This operation prevented y=0 frou being derived as a Solution. Tt just so happens , however, Heat yo isan addutional solution of He deff. eq. Wi) JY. bu y? dx ’ Siuce 2 dio:- X= oy geo |! ae re CO. The couplete solution of He cil. eg. (i) i's (&) aud Me constant fun ctrou 40 (4)The lesson is clear: TE both sides of a separable aff. eq. are divided by sou function fty) during the Separation proven, then a valid solution way be lost Asa final step | You must check whether te coustaut funchion yey, (where $)=0) ts indeed a solution of Hee given deff. eq. This oud sf He Fauully of solutions fowsed by tuctegrahing both sroles of He separated. eg. does wot incluole Hus coustaut fumctiou \ then Huts additroual soletion mart be separately slated to couplete Hee probleu,aA 2.2. Mordor linear equations aud utegrating factors The wost gprerad forum of a 1% onder linear eq. i's 2 + Poy = ge) 0) fo solve (1) we multiply it by the tulegratiug factor Spee dx ke): e the resulting equation dy s le aK te PY = Bq ed is then eooy to solve becaure te left haud side cau be rewn Hen Ke apy: page Cy sha fd reese fe dkyed Ms reer ge) Tharefore eq. (#4) becomen 4 (ey) +64 which is a special cane of & aparable eq. Lubegration give,/ d (py) = kk 4dx > fen = [eqax > KY = [rae +c are L fe + freosendd Do wot waworize ts equation for the solution: muworize the stops riaded to get there ! vyExauple #11 Solve the IVP (8) de xe) dx YO)=0 oud sketch the solution Sol. Brug Ha gen equation 1 the for AY 4 eX ye x dx itxt itx® with x &) = gk) = X_ Pere qe ee Fa tegrating factor Spdx dx 4 Inte) Invivwe [exe fere =e se 2e = Virx?> Viet d¥ 4 X ys X_ dx tex? Hex > Afi y) =x = d(Viety): X dx gi ) (om Wire > fa (rmy) » [ade > Vary = fire ec i#xe | fix C with yoorso: | O=z1te 5 Ce-| Heue, the solution of He IUP. iv: Vitx y = View? - 1 2) yds F-_ Tex? To drow 4X1 observe Heat Ve Niu yey = 1 xatw 2 sine Lo gt tha ® Logi 3) 2 Lal 3 -tyy < < - -1 3 1-Lyttzo Lee Net ie > > exe hme YxelR 0 < yx) <1 3. 4) hap au absolute tsi ai at Xs0