Consistency, Tequacres that () aud (PB) mugt comodle aud tas happen whenever ge) =- x beg) = y Hence, fo4)= xy xg aud He gprere-| solution of the diff. eg. ts fx4)= Cc , xg xeg =O Exauple 3 5 4s the following, equation exact ? (3x4 ~ gf) dx + x(%- 4) dy =0 Sol, ; No | siwe OM. 3x24 $ QM 2 ax-y ‘Oy Ox We will leat soon leow fo wake am equee Hise exacts! (4)2.3 More ow iwtegrating, factors Sf a diferoatial eq, of He forua M(x:4) dx +N (x4) dy =O (*) is nat exact, there maght exist a function fait) sucle Heat the ques F equation cbtariued by multiplying. both sidto of (x) by oe (KM) dx + (AW)dy.= 0 (rr) is exact. Suck a fumction he called iuctgratings factor of the oni inal equation aud is quarautesd to exist if the giver differential equation actually lao a solubow. Ln general " integrating, factors tum nowexact equations ve exact ones" Question: How do we fine ow intigrating factor ? TE po is supposeal fo form (+) mito the exact equation (xx) Hin Cex) Inuot satisfy the teok of exactnom , that is ge - 3 (ow) (He) This not duffielt to we that (wee) gives tn to a partial di ffereatial equation for pe since frou (eee) we have QAM+e OH = OK ys WON ay hs Qx tHE NOy) 9K Mada ton (ay - w):0 i) ‘¢ ax x 84 WMFartiol deb. oq. (8) cau be in gtmeral very deffiudt fo solve. for Hus Yeanon we shall conordar Hat following. two speual carer Gon: K deprwals ow'x only, that rs fe pe Tham, Beso OK. dh a4 7 ax dx aud (W) becouse a first order ou ferential equation WN dp +» (W Bit)« 0 fas is a Ponder deff. tg. that cau be solved by the metleodl of He separation of variables : d&=- Qn 9H fia M% (2 a) ed S43 > Bose Rowark : roti Heat the above exprémion murkeo wet ouley. ef He mtegramd 5 (- a) 5 a famction of xb OF) Henee given a df. equation Irke (+) before we can coudude that it hao an ww hegrating factor wo) we have to check Heat the quambite, (x) Fraley, opouds on x only. Q)eB fe dapmads om oy owkye , Haat iS pushy), how, Iso , OK. dh Ox 4 y aud (H) becom Mdk +m (ON aM). te M(B a) ° > dh. L (an om M y by ee alt ve SiGe Bae > ftgls e@ Remark : agacu the above exprenion makes ware oul rf the iwtegramd. L (# : a) is a furction of 1 (a) M\Ox o4/ - Hewee, (#) will have au tactegra tig, factor pe swcg) rf the quombty («) depends ow gy only,£ xo wple: Solve He equation. Sol: (xt sing dx + ( Csi rang diy « o C4) for oc yer. Here Migd= Org)sing. | NOig)= xsing # cosy Siwer, OM = siny + (rg) dg oy ON Sing OK we conclude Heat gh + oN amd (1) ig not exact, Dovo (1) have ‘Ox factor pesca! Tes will be the case if au (wlegrating, 1 (3M _2N)\ depends om x only willy , * r but L (#- ™): to [sing + cry yeory sping] = _O+¢) Ose W\dy Ox) Xsingt cay : Xsing + cosy isa function of x and o» Hence, ve con Ducle Haat f(x) camot be au iucteg rating, factor, The vext hope is that Alq) coubel be am iutygrating factor, Thar will be tree if | (an _ 0M phones SBE) Hs fob oy Judud, i (#- 3): Sag fag, hy: ~Grrgveaiyfe 2 Sime (4)oud He integrating factor will be qrvem by He formula a (z- a) ome telsingh ; F809" Af fee @ = @ ie = ¢ Ising] sing Multiplginge the deff. 0g. (1) through by, Pty) we get (ate) dic + (x cute diy =O 2) Sing 20 yer Ss ; oe xe s we Now . MM (x4) = xr Nox) = X4 Cosy nes Sing , ‘ Sing . . . w OM - | zy ON. I > 2M . a ay Ox 24 Ox (5)We couclude Huot (3) is exact . Heme , Hure exuhs f= ftyy) st its dffedukal is exact and. ULM. xs ax u DEL N © Xe coy ay Siwy Fulegrating the above exprimious We obfavin flay) = wary th ty fa) = xy +ln (ing) +400 Cowaia tom ty equate teat gears 7 hiyr = be bing | 2 fog) = trp lh Ging) amd followed, He theory of exact equations fe solution of he origin! equation can be exprmed in impli t form ao follows % try th (rag JeeExawple: Coundin the eq (xy ayldx + (3x44 - x) dy <0 Here z Mg) = Sxy 2g Dd oe = lOxy -% NUK) < Bry x > bw. = 6xy-1 OK Oind Het given eq. is wot exact, Moreaere nl #). 3 5eqity (69- (ie tigte) = Soe L ae) (1 tobe) = 4xg-l wy I) x OES 3x Both quauhitito depend ox xomd 4 Huace , Hare trust ro wetegratiing factors beve feet or hig), bekua fey the quem Pigl= xg? a BeR td check if We com friud « aed [Sit He epusrtion becowes enact let Beem : Xf (5p: ag) = SYP 2 BH ie “peNs xYf (0%. nx) = IGP Mg the tuation willbe exact if oh . ON ay OK ()fh = Bipea) x gen. 2 (BH) x'4” oy ON. cane) YP (wary x'y? ‘Ox By equating like ferms B(Pt2) = 3(at2) 5A +10 = 3k+ 6 Sit 4 = 3K Z(Br = atl aloes ear, ol pies Substituting apri ca inte th Ieq. we get 5A +4= 3(2B+!) 2) SB+4= 6843 > I= aud from 2pri =a tle ek =) aad Thus, He wtegrating factor is xy aud Mg) = 5x4 28g? Nx, 4) = 3x. x4 Sulegraking M with respect to x Keeping fir eo aud A mith reipect fo up Keepy, X fixed we fied BEM > feng): flog ay) des fe yg heyy OEM > fords fore. v4) dy © 4 Xs gonCousisteury cequires that hy) = 0 = gu) Hews Ge fogi = Py - yg aud He Solution of the orignal cif. equation fe pis