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Waveforms with R load: Note that, with pure resistive load, waveforms are same for all three
converters, viz., Half-controlled Full-wave Rectifier (Symmetrical and Asymmetrical), and Full-
controlled Full-Wave Rectifier

Conducting devices for half-controlled full-wave rectifier (symmetrical and

asymmetrical)
Interval ωt Conducting Devices Load Voltage
(1) None 0
(2) T1, D1
(3) None 0
(4) T2, D2

Conducting devices for full-controlled full-wave rectifier

Interval ωt Conducting Devices Load Voltage
(1) None 0
(2) T 1, T 2
(3) None 0
(4) T 3, T 4

Full-wave controlled Rectifier with RL load:

1) Half-controlled full-wave rectifier with RL load (Symmetrical and
Asymmetrical Configurations)
2) Full-controlled full-wave rectifier with RL load

Here the load current can be either continuous or discontinuous. The boundary between
continuous and discontinuous load current depends on firing angle α, and load parameters R
and L.

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Half-controlled full-wave rectifier with RL load:

Symmetrical Configuration Asymmetrical Configuration

Note: Waveforms are same for both symmetrical and asymmetrical configurations. Only
conducting devices in each interval will be different
Conducting devices for half-controlled full-wave rectifier (symmetrical)

Discontinuous load current:

Interval ωt Conducting Devices Load Voltage
(1) None 0
(2) T1, D1
(3) T1, D2 0
(4) None 0
(5) T2, D2
(6) T2, D1 0
(7) None 0

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Conducting devices for half-controlled full-wave rectifier (Asymmetrical)

Discontinuous load current: Note the change in intervals (6) and (7)
Interval ωt Conducting Devices Load Voltage
(1) None 0
(2) T1, D1
(3) D1, D2 0
(4) None 0
(5) T2, D2
(6) D1, D2 0
(7) None 0

Conducting devices for half-controlled full-wave rectifier (Symmetrical)

It is assumed that the circuit has reached steady-state much before

Continuous load current:

Interval ωt Conducting Devices Load Voltage
(1) T2, D1 0
(2) T1, D1
(3) T1, D2 0
(4) T2, D2
(5) T2, D1 0

Conducting devices for half-controlled full-wave rectifier (Asymmetrical)

It is assumed that the circuit has reached steady-state much before

Continuous load current: Note the change in intervals (1), (3) and (5)
Interval ωt Conducting Devices Load Voltage
(1) D1, D2 0
(2) T1, D1
(3) D1, D2 0
(4) T2, D2
(5) D1, D2 0

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Full-controlled Full-wave rectifier with RL load:

Waveforms for discontinuous load current:

Conducting devices

Interval ωt Conducting Devices Load Voltage

(1) None 0
(2) T 1, T 2
(3) None 0
(4) T 3, T 4
(5) None 0

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Waveforms for continuous load current:

Conducting devices

It is assumed that the circuit has reached steady-state much before

Interval ωt Conducting Devices Load Voltage

(1) T3, T4
(2) T 1, T 2
(4) T3, T4
(5) T1, T2

Expression for average load voltage (for continuous load current)

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Comparison of average load voltage expressions for half-controlled and full-controlled

full-wave rectifiers:

1. Half-controlled full-wave rectifier

varies from 0 deg to 180 deg. varies from to 0.

Note that is always positive here.

2. Full-controlled full-wave rectifier with RL/RLE load with continuous load current

varies from 0 deg to 180 deg. varies from to .

Note that is positive for and is negative for

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Condition for continuous load current in a full-wave full-controlled rectifier with RL load

Assume that load current is zero and the power supply is turned on at . The firing
pulse is given to thyristors and at . Then load votlage equals to the source
voltage and load current starts increasing from zero.

The expression for load current for can be found by writing KVL in the equivalent
circuit for

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This is the condition for continuous load current in full-controlled full-wave

rectifier with RL load. Note that same condition is true for RLE load also.
As a homework, the condition for RLE load can be derived by the students.

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Interval Maximum Minimum Devices

phase phase ON
voltage voltage
D1, D6 0

D1, D2 0

D3, D2 0

D3, D4 0

D5, D4 0

D5, D6 0

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Waveforms for three-phase uncontrolled rectifier

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Notes:

1. There are six intervals in each cycle of the source voltage ( or 360 deg). The duration
of each interval is or 60 deg.
2. In each 60 deg. Interval, two diodes are conducting. One from the top group
( ) and the other from the bottom group ( ).
3. Each one of the six diodes conduct for an interval of 120 deg.
4. The source current in each phase is quasi-square wave. The source current will have
only odd harmonics and non-triplen harm ni nly i e n …
5. In each 60 deg interval, the load voltage is equal to one of the source line-line voltages
as given in Table in previous pages.
6. The load voltage waveform is a six-pulse waveform (it has six intervals in 360 deg
duration), hence this converter is also called six-pulse rectifier.

Average output (Load) voltage,

RMS value of source current is same in all three phases, i.e.,

RMS value of fundamental component of source current, i.e.,

Hence, the total harmonic distortion (%THD) of source current is 30.72%. Note that the %
THD of source current in single-phase full-wave rectifiers is 48%.

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3-phase uncontrolled rectifier - Effect of Source Inductance on current commutation

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Three-phase controlled rectifier (Six-pulse rectifier)

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Interval Devices ON
T1, T6 0
T1, T2 0
T3, T2 0
T3, T4 0
T5, T4 0
T5, T6 0
ame a

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Load voltage waveform for e an e

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