Test - The Cellular Level of Organization - Pysiology 2nd

10/11/21, 10:56 PM Test: The Cellular Level of Organization: Attempt review
Started on Friday, 6 November 2020, 9:29 PM

State Finished
Completed on Saturday, 7 November 2020, 1:50 AM
Time taken 4 hours 20 mins
Marks 21.01/30.00
Grade 70.03 out of 100.00
Feedback 3.5 (Satisfactory)
Question 1
Complete
Mark 1.00 out of 1.00
Which of the following are features common to all three components of the cytoskeleton?
Select one or more:


a. They all serve to scaffold the organelles within the cell.
b. They all help the cell resist compression and tension.
c. They are all polymers of protein subunits.
d. They are all characterized by roughly the same diameter.
e. None of listed

Your answer is correct.
https://dl2020.wsei.lublin.pl/mod/quiz/review.php?attempt=14140&cmid=15597 1/31
Question 2
Complete
Water can pass through a selectively permeable membrane.
Select one:
True
False
A selectively permeable membrane is a biological membrane made up of a double layer of phospholipid molecules. It allows water to pass
through but certain substances (solutes, such as sodium ions or blood plasma proteins) cannot pass through due to their relatively
large size. Many cell membranes in the body are selectively permeable; this determines the movement of solutions and solutes across
membranes.
Question 3
Complete
The most important structural elements of the cytoskeleton are:
Select one or more:

a. Microtubules
b. Microfilaments
c. Ribosome
d. Vacuoles
e. Asters

Your answer is partially correct.
You have selected too many options.
Question 4
Complete
Drag and drop.
glycoprotein glycolipid
peripheralprotein phospholipid bilayer


integral protein cholesterol chanel protein
Your answer is correct. 
Question 5
Complete
Match terms and definitions.
condition marked by the presence of a double complement of genetic material (two sets of chromosomes, one set
inherited from each of two parents) homologous
describes two copies of the same chromosome (not identical), one inherited from each parent diploid
region of a centromere where microtubules attach to a pair of sister chromatids kinetochore
network of microtubules, originating from centrioles, that arranges and pulls apart chromosomes during mitosis mitotic spindle
final stage in cell division, where the cytoplasm divides to form two separate daughter cells cytokinesis
linear alignment of sister chromatids in the center of the cell, which takes place during metaphase metaphase plate 
one of a pair of identical chromosomes, formed during DNA replication sister chromatid

You have correctly selected 5.
Question 6
Complete
Active transport is only time consuming process.
Select one:
True
False
Active transport requires energy, therefore it is not a passive process. Energy is required because it involves moving a substance across a
cell membrane but against a concentration gradient, that is, from an area of low concentration to an area of higher concentration. Special
proteins within the cell membrane act as ‘carrier proteins’ to facilitate active transport. The energy is provided by adenosine
triphosphate (ATP) which is generated in the mitochondria. Examples of biological processes that use active transport include the sodium-
potassium pump in nerve cells and re-absorption of glucose, amino acids and salts through the proximal convoluted tubule of the nephron
in the kidney. 
Question 7
Complete
fluid exterior to cells; includes the interstitial fluid, blood plasma, and fluid found in other reservoirs in the
body extracellular fluid (ECF)
fluid in the small spaces between cells not contained within blood vessels interstitial fluid (IF)
difference in the electrical charge (potential) between two regions electrical gradient
fluid in the cytosol of cells intracellular fluid (ICF)
difference in the concentration of a substance between two regions concentration gradient

Question 8
Complete
The Centrosme contains
Select one or more:

a. Cilia
b. Centrioles
c. Vacuoles
d. Endoplasmic reticulum
e. Flagella

Your answer is incorrect.
Question 9
Complete
The nucleus and mitochondria share which of the following features?
Select one or more:

a. protein-lined membrane pores
b. none of listed
c. the synthesis of ribosomes
d. a double cell membrane
e. the production of cellular energy

Question 10
Complete
Drag and drop.

RER - Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
SER - Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
mirtochondria
filament
plasma membrane
ribosomes
RER microtubule
nucleus centrosome
nucleous
chromatin
microfilament

lysosome
Golgi apparatus
SER
secretory vesicle
Golgi vesicle
peroxisome
cytoplasm vacuole
Question 11
Complete
Place the structures in order from least to most complex organization.
Select one:
a. nucleosome, chromatin, DNA, chromosome
b. DNA, nucleosome, chromatin, chromosome
c. nucleosome, DNA, chromosome, chromatin
d. DNA, chromatin, nucleosome, chromosome 

e. none
Question 12
Complete
cell's central organelle; contains the cell's DNA nucleus
enzyme that functions in adding new nucleotides to a growing strand of DNA during DNA replication DNA polymerase
condensed version of chromatin chromosome
process of duplicating a molecule of DNA DNA replication
enzyme that functions to separate the two DNA strands of a double helix during DNA replication helicase
entire complement of an organism's DNA; found within virtually every cell chromatin

substance consisting of DNA and associated proteins chromatin
family of proteins that associate with DNA in the nucleus to form chromatin histone
small region of the nucleus that functions in ribosome synthesis nucleolus
unit of chromatin consisting of a DNA strand wrapped around histone proteins nucleosome
membrane that surrounds the nucleus; consisting of a double lipid-bilayer nuclear envelope

Question 13
Complete
form of transport across the cell membrane that does not require input of cellular energy passive transport
membrane-embedded protein pump that uses ATP to move Na+ out of a cell and K+ into the cell sodium-potassium pump
feature of any barrier that allows certain substances to cross but excludes others selective permeability
diffusion of a substance with the aid of a membrane protein facilitated diffusion
movement of a substance from an area of higher concentration to one of lower concentration diffusion
diffusion of water molecules down their concentration gradient across a selectively permeable membrane osmosis

form of transport across the cell membrane that requires input of cellular energy active transport
Question 14
Complete
Which of the following structures could be found within the nucleolus?
Select one or more:

a. nucleosomes
b. ribosomes
c. histones
d. chromatin
e. none of listed

Question 15
Complete
Arrange terms in order of increasing specialization.
1 unipotency
2 Choose...
3 Choose...
4 Choose...


Question 16
Complete
first phase of the cell cycle, after a new cell is born interphase
stage of the cell cycle during which DNA replication occurs S phase
third phase of the cell cycle, after the DNA synthesis phase G2 phase
phase of the cell cycle in which a cell undergoes mitosis interphase
phase of the cell cycle, usually entered from the G1 phase; characterized by long or permanent periods where the cell
does not move forward into the DNA synthesis phase S phase
third stage of mitosis (and meiosis), during which sister chromatids separate into two new nuclear regions of a dividing
cell anaphase 
entire life cycle of a cell, excluding mitosis G0 phase
second stage of mitosis (and meiosis), characterized by the linear alignment of sister chromatids in the center of the
cell metaphase
first stage of mitosis (and meiosis), characterized by breakdown of the nuclear envelope and condensing of the
chromatin to form chromosomes prophase
final stage of mitosis (and meiosis), preceding cytokinesis, characterized by the formation of two new daughter nuclei telophase

Question 17
Complete
What multipotent stem cells from children sometimes banked by parents?
Select one or more:

a. embryonic stem cells
b. hematopoietic stem cells from red and white blood cells
c. none of listed
d. fetal stem cells
e. cells from the umbilical cord and from baby teeth 

You have selected too many options.
Question 18
Complete
lysosomal breakdown of a cell's own components autophagy
breakdown of cells by their own enzymatic action autolysis
a set of metabolic reactions and processes that take place in the cells of organisms to convert
biochemical energy from nutrients into ATP, and then release waste products cellular respiration
a group of extremely reactive peroxides and oxygen-containing radicals that may contribute to cellular
damage reactive oxygen species (ROS)
change in the nucleotide sequence in a gene within a cell's DNA mutation


Question 19
Complete
How many "letters" of an RNA molecule, in sequence, does it take to provide the code for a single amino acid?
Select one:
a. 4
b. 1
c. 3
d. 2
e. none of listed

Question 20
Complete
The cytoskeleton is a lattice structure made of calcium that gives shape to cells.
Select one:
True
False
The cytoskeleton is a complex lattice structure of protein microtubules that maintains cell shape.
Question 21
Complete

If the concentrations of solutes in the extracellular ﬂuid and intracellular ﬂuid are equal, the cell is in an lowly concentrated solution.

Isotonic solutions are in equilibrium, meaning there is no net (overall) movement of water in or out of the environment, such as a cell.
The two extremes of isotonic are hypertonic and hypotonic. In a hypertonic environment, cells are in a highly concentrated solution,
meaning there is more water in thecells and so water leaves cells and moves out into the environment, aiming to reach equilibrium. In a 
hypertonic solution, cells will shrink because they lose water. In a hypotonic environment there is a highconcentration of water, meaning
that cells contain less water than their environment so water diffuses out of theenvironment into the cells, causing cells to swell. Because of
the increased volume of water inside them, cells may eventually burst if they swell too much.
Question 22
Complete
RNA that makes up the subunits of a ribosome messenger RNA (mRNA)
simultaneous translation of a single mRNA transcript by multiple ribosomes polyribosome
complex of enzymes that serves to splice out the introns of a pre-mRNA transcript ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
molecules of RNA that serve to bring amino acids to a growing polypeptide strand and properly place them
into the sequence transfer RNA (tRNA)
enzyme that unwinds DNA and then adds new nucleotides to a growing strand of RNA for the transcription
phase of protein synthesis RNA polymerase
nucleotide molecule that serves as an intermediate in the genetic code between DNA and protein spliceosome

consecutive sequence of three nucleotides on a DNA molecule that, when transcribed into an mRNA codon,
corresponds to a particular amino acid triplet

Question 23
Complete
membrane-bound organelle that contains enzymes primarily responsible for detoxifying harmful
substances peroxisome
the thinnest of the cytoskeletal filaments; composed of actin subunits that function in muscle contraction
and cellular structural support microfilament
small appendage on certain cells formed by microtubules and modified for movement of materials across
the cellular surface cilia
membrane-bound cellular organelle originating from the Golgi apparatus and containing digestive
enzymes lysosome
appendage on certain cells formed by microtubules and modified for movement
cellular organelle that consists of interconnected membrane-bound tubules, which may or may not be
flagellum

associated with ribosomes endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
cellular organelle that functions in protein synthesis ribosome
small, self-replicating organelle that provides the origin for microtubule growth and moves DNA during
cell division centriole
cellular organelle formed by a series of flattened, membrane-bound sacs that functions in protein
modification, tagging, packaging, and transport Golgi apparatus
the thickest of the cytoskeletal filaments, composed of tubulin subunits that function in cellular
movement and structural support microtubule

internal material between the cell membrane and nucleus of a cell, mainly consisting of a water-based
fluid called cytosol, within which are all the other organelles and cellular solute and suspended materials cytoplasm
any of several different types of membrane-enclosed specialized structures in the cell that perform
specific functions for the cell organelle
Question 24
Complete
describes a molecule that exhibits a difference in polarity between its two ends, resulting in a difference in water
solubility amphipathic

describes a solution concentration that is the same as a reference concentration isotonic
describes a solution concentration that is higher than a reference concentration hypertonic
describes a solution concentration that is lower than a reference concentration hypotonic
describes a substance or structure repelled by water hydrophobic
describes a substance or structure attracted to water hydrophilic

Question 25
Complete
Which of the following phases is characterized by preparation for DNA synthesis?
Select one:
a. G0
b. G2
c. none of listed
d. G1
e. S

Question 26
Complete
Which of the following are functions of the rough ER?
Select one or more:

a. synthesis of steroid hormones
b. regulation of intracellular calcium concentration
c. production of proteins
d. detoxification of certain substances
e. none of listed 
Question 27
Complete
chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds polypeptide
the process of modifying a pre-mRNA transcript by removing certain, typically non-coding, regions splicing
full complement of proteins produced by a cell (determined by the cell's specific gene expression) proteome
process of producing an mRNA molecule that is complementary to a particular gene of DNA transcription
process of producing a protein from the nucleotide sequence code of an mRNA transcript translation
active interpretation of the information coded in a gene to produce a functional gene product gene expression

Question 28
Complete
embryonic cells that have the ability to differentiate into any type of cell and organ in the body totipotent
one of the proteins that regulate the transcription of genes transcription factor
cell that is oligo-, multi-, or pleuripotent that has the ability to produce additional stem cells rather than becoming
further specialized stem cell
describes the condition of being able to differentiate into different types of cells within a given cell lineage or
small number of lineages, such as a red blood cell or white blood cell multipotent
describes the condition of being committed to a single specialized cell type pluripotent
describes the condition of being able to differentiate into a large variety of cell types X factor

describes the condition of being more specialized than multipotency; the condition of being able to differentiate
into one of a few possible cell types oligopotent

Question 29
Complete
Which type of stem cells gives rise to red and white blood cells?
Select one or more:

a. none of listed
b. epithelial
c. mesenchymal
d. endothelial
e. hematopoietic 
Question 30
Complete
The rough ER has its name due to what associated structures?
Select one:
a. proteins
b. lysosomes
c. Golgi apparatus
d. none of listed
e. ribosomes 
 
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10/11/21, 10:56 PM Test: The Cellular Level of Organization: Attempt review

Started on Friday, 6 November 2020, 9:29 PM

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

Select one or more:

b. They all help the cell resist compression and tension.

c. They are all polymers of protein subunits.

d. They are all characterized by roughly the same diameter.

Water can pass through a selectively permeable membrane.

The most important structural elements of the cytoskeleton are:

Select one or more:

Drag and drop.

peripheralprotein phospholipid bilayer

Your answer is correct. 

Match terms and definitions.

region of a centromere where microtubules attach to a pair of sister chromatids kinetochore

Your answer is partially correct.

Active transport is only time consuming process.

Match terms and definitions.

fluid in the cytosol of cells intracellular fluid (ICF)

difference in the concentration of a substance between two regions concentration gradient

The Centrosme contains

Select one or more:

The nucleus and mitochondria share which of the following features?

Select one or more:

c. the synthesis of ribosomes

d. a double cell membrane

e. the production of cellular energy

Drag and drop.

Your answer is correct.

Place the structures in order from least to most complex organization.

b. DNA, nucleosome, chromatin, chromosome

c. nucleosome, DNA, chromosome, chromatin

d. DNA, chromatin, nucleosome, chromosome 

Your answer is incorrect.

Match terms and definitions.

cell's central organelle; contains the cell's DNA nucleus

condensed version of chromatin chromosome

process of duplicating a molecule of DNA DNA replication

small region of the nucleus that functions in ribosome synthesis nucleolus

Match terms and definitions.

diffusion of a substance with the aid of a membrane protein facilitated diffusion

Your answer is correct.

Which of the following structures could be found within the nucleolus?

Select one or more:

Arrange terms in order of increasing specialization.

Your answer is incorrect.

Match terms and definitions.

phase of the cell cycle in which a cell undergoes mitosis interphase

What multipotent stem cells from children sometimes banked by parents?

Select one or more:

b. hematopoietic stem cells from red and white blood cells

d. fetal stem cells

e. cells from the umbilical cord and from baby teeth 

Match terms and definitions.

lysosomal breakdown of a cell's own components autophagy

breakdown of cells by their own enzymatic action autolysis

change in the nucleotide sequence in a gene within a cell's DNA mutation

Your answer is incorrect.

Match terms and definitions.

RNA that makes up the subunits of a ribosome messenger RNA (mRNA)

simultaneous translation of a single mRNA transcript by multiple ribosomes polyribosome

Your answer is partially correct.