Senior High School

Specialized

Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region I
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF ILOCOS NORTE

Philippine
Politics and
Governance
Quarter 1 – Module 4:
The Relationship Among
Nations And States In
The Context Of
Globalization

SDOIN_Specialized_HUMSS_Q1_PPG12_Module4
Philippine Politics and Governance
Crafting-Resources-for-Accessible-and-Flexible-Teaching (CRAFT)
Quarter 1– Module 4: The Relationship Among Nations and States In the
Context of Globalization
First Edition, 2023
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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Sara Z. Duterte
Undersecretary: Gina O. Gonong

Development Team of the Module

Writers: Evina Joy T. Magno

Editor: Christine S. Badua
Reviewers: Teresita S. Malana
Illustrators: Joel P. Saladino
Layout Artist: Christine S. Badua
Management Team: Donato D. Balderas, Jr.
Joye D. Madalipay
Ursino C. Pascua
Jenetrix T. Tumaneng
Milagros Sandra G. Malvar
Division Design & Layout Artist: Jannibal Lojero, Rey L. Miguel

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 Senior High School

Philippine
Politics and
Governance
Quarter 2 – Module 4:
The Relationship Among Nations
and States
MELC: Analyze the relationship among
nations and states in the concept of
globalization.

Prepared by:
EVINA JOY T. MAGNO
Teacher II
Suyo National High School
Introductory Message
This Contextualized Learning Module (CLM) is prepared so that you, our dear
learners, can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions,
directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each
lesson with ease.

This CLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-
step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-test is provided to measure your prior knowledge on the lesson. This will
show you if you need to proceed in completing this module or if you need to ask your
facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the lesson. At the
end of this module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check your learning.
Answer keys are provided for all activities and tests. We trust that you will be honest
in using them.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher is also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can
best help you in your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part
of this CLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests.
Likewise, read the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any question in using this CLM or any difficulty in answering the
tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.
Thank you.
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind.

MELC: Analyze the relationship among nations and states in the concept of globalization.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. define nation and state.
2. differentiate nation from state.
3. Explain the meaning of globalization.
4. evaluate how globalization influences nation-states.

The Relationship Among

Module
Nations and States in the
4
Concept of Globalization

What I Know

DIRECTIONS: Read the questions comprehensively and choose the capital letter that
corresponds to your answer. Write the answer on a sheet of paper.
1.Which of the following statements is not true regarding nation-states?
A. Nation-states are comprised of four elements.
B. The government is the most important element of the state.
C. There is no requirement as to how many people should comprise a state.
D. There must be concurrence of the four elements of the state for a state be
considered as such.

2.How are nation-states characterized?

A. They speak a common language.
 B. They have a common descent.
C. They share a common history
D. All of the above
3.Which of the following terms has a cultural connotation?
A. State
B. Nation
C. Community
D. Country
4.Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding nations?
A. A nation is political in nature.
B. A nation is a community of people.
C. A state relates with the concept of government.
D. A nation is bounded by a common interest.
5.Where do people live?
A. Territory
B. Jurisdiction
C. Sovereignty
D. Government
6. What is the term to describe the changes in societies and the world economy that are
the result of dramatically increased trade and cultural change?
A. Power
B. Globalization
C. State
D. Nation
7. Which of the following is an advantage of globalization?
A. Peaceful Relations
B. Education
C. Employment
D All of the above
8. Which of the following can mean transformation of global village- the close contact
between different parts of the world, with increase possibilities of personal exchange
and friendship between “world citizens”?
A. Power
B. Globalization
C. State
D. Nation
9.Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE regarding globalization?
A. Globalization does not have problems and negative effects.
B. Globalization has increased the flow of communications allowing vital information to
be shared between individuals and corporations around the world.
C. Globalization can be challenged by communities supporting each other in business
and society and through public protest and political lobbying.
D. In the global economy, jobs are becoming more temporary and insecure.
10. What is involved in globalization?
A. A stretching of social, political, and economic activities across political frontiers.
 B. A growing magnitude of interconnectedness in almost every sphere of social
existence.
C. An accelerating pace of global interactions and processes associated with a
deepening involvement of the local and the global.
D. All of the options given are correct.

What’s In

You have learned from the previous lessons about the different concepts of
politics. Identify the characteristics that would make the Philippines a nation and those that
make it a state. After which, determine whether the Philippines is considered as a state or a
nation. Recreate the table in a separate sheet of paper for your answers.

PHILIPPINES
NATION STATE
1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3.
4. 4.
5. 5.

What’s New

Identify which among the four elements of state is depicted in the picture.
Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1.
Source: Mohamed Sakhri.5 Different Kinds of Sovereignty.Nov.21,20
 2.
Source: Castillo,Lea and Nina. 3 Things About the People of the Philippines.2008

3. Source: De Leon Porcalla.PhilStar Global Headline. August 7,2023

4. Source: PH Territotial Map.Wikipedia Commons. February 2023

What is it
NATION Defined
A nation is a stable community of people formed in the basis of a common
manifested language, territory, economic life, ethnicity and/or psychological make-up
in common culture. It is a cultural- political community that has become conscious
of its autonomy, unity and particular interest.
Malcolm defines a nation as "people bound together by common attractions and
repulsions into a living organism possessed of a common pulse, a common intelligence
and inspiration, and destined apparently to have a common history and a common
fate.
Nations seems so compelling, so "real", and so much part of the political and
cultural landscape, that people think they lasted forever. In reality, they come into
being and dissolve with changing historical circumstances – sometimes over a
relatively short period of time.
 State defined

Source: Ansgar Walk. Commons Wikimedia.2017

A state is community of persons, more or less numerous, permanently occupying a

definite portion of territory, having a government to which a great body of inhabitants render
habitual obedience, and exercising freedom from external control.
A state is more than a government that is clear. Government changes, but state endure.
A state is the means of rules over defined or "sovereign" territory. It is comprised of an
executive, a bureaucracy, courts and other institutions.

FOUR ELEMENTS OF A STATE

The essential elements of a state are people, territory, government, sovereignty.

There are some writers who suggest two additional elements, to wit, recognition and
possession of a sufficient degree of civilization. As this have not been generally accepted, we
shall confine this study to the four elements first mentioned.
1. People

People refers simply to the inhabitants of the State.

While there is no legal requirement as to their number, it is generally agreed that they
must be numerous enough to be self-sufficing and to defend themselves and small enough to
be administered and sustained. The populations of States range from the over one billion of
China to a few hundred thousand in the case of the so-called mini-states

2. Territory
The fixed portion of the surface of the earth inhabited by the people of the State. As a
practical requirement only, it must be neither too big as to be difficult to administer and
defend nor too small as to be unable to provide for the needs of the population.

3. Government
 Government is the agency or the instrumentality through which the will of the State is
formulated, expressed and realized. No particular form of government is prescribing, provided
only that the government is able to represent the State in its dealings with other States. Our
Constitution, however, requires our government to be democratic and republican.

The mandate of the government from the state is to promote the welfare of the people.

4. Sovereignty
Sovereignty is the supreme and uncontrollable power inherent in a state by which that
state is governed.
There are two kinds of sovereignty, legal and political. Legal sovereignty is the authority
which has the power to issue final commands whereas political sovereignty is the power
behind the legal sovereign, or the sum of the influences that operate upon it. In our country,
the Congress is the legal sovereign, while the different sectors that mold public opinion make
up the political sovereign.
As a political model, the nation-state fuses two principles: the principle of state
sovereignty, first articulated in the Peace of Westphalia (1648), which recognizes the right of
states to govern their territories without external interference; and the principle of national
sovereignty, which recognizes the right of national communities to govern themselves.
National sovereignty in turn is based on the moral-philosophical principle of popular
sovereignty, according to which states belong to their peoples. The latter principle implies that
legitimate rule of a state requires some sort of consent by the people. That requirement does
not mean, however, that all nation-states are democratic.
Sovereignty may also be internal or external. Internal sovereignty refers to the power
of the State to control its domestic affairs. External sovereignty, which is the power of the
State to direct its relations with other States, is also known as independence.
Sovereignty is permanent, exclusive, comprehensive, absolute, indivisible, inalienable,
and imprescriptible.

Nation and state distinguished

Nation
A racial or an ethnic
concept
A nation is a group of people with
common race, culture, religion and
historical experiences but who may not
necessarily live together is a single
territory.
The nation is a social and psychological
community based on identical feeling of
common culture and heritage.
Nation is way of feeling, thinking and
living, it is a psychological condition of the
mind which emphasizes the
consciousness of unity due to
spiritual or other feelings.
State
A legal concept
A state is a politically organized body of
people inhabiting in a defined geographical
entity with an organized legitimate
government.
The state is a political community living in
a given territory with sovereignty.
The state emphasizes political unity and
objectivity which is a condition of law, the
state is an enforceable obligatory condition
inseparable
from all civilized ways of living.
Nation is a group of people who have a The state has four essential elements-
strong sense of unity and common population, territory, government and
consciousness. Common territory, sovereignty. In the absence of an even
common race, common religion, common one element, a State cannot really be a
language, common history, common state. A state is always characterized by
literature and common political all elements.
aspirations are the elements
which help the formation of a nation, and
yet none of these is an absolutely essential
element.

What’s More
What does the diagram talk about the topic? Write 5 sentences in a separate sheet of paper.

What’s New
Lesson 2: Globalization
What particular word can you derive from the given set of pictures below?

( Source: Gagarych. Philippine Globe.Dreamstime.com.2003-2023

What Is It

GLOBALIZATION DEFINED

GLOBALIZATION is a term used to describe the changes in societies and the world
economy that are the result of dramatically increased trade and cultural exchange. In
specifically economic contexts, it refers almost exclusively to the effects of trade, particularly
trade liberalization or free trade.
Globalization is the word used to describe the growing interdependence of the world's
economies, cultures and populations brought about by cross-border trade in goods and
services, technology and flows of investment, people and information.

Globalization can mean: The formation of a global village – closer contact between
different parts of the world, with increasing possibilities of personal exchange, mutual
understanding and friendship between “world citizens.”

TYPES OF GLOBALIZATION
1. ECONOMIC
Countries that trade with many others and have few trade barriers are economically
globalized.
2. SOCIAL
A measure of how easily information and ideas pass between people in their own
country and between different countries (includes access to internet and social media
networks).

3. POLITICAL
The amount of political co-operation there is between countries.
IMPORTANCE OF GLOBALIZATION

We live in an increasingly interconnected and interdependent world. Globalization

touches every part of our lives; from the products we buy to the food we eat to the ways we
communicate with one another. Globalization is also tied to some of the other biggest issues
 we face in the modern era, including climate change, trade, and terrorism.

Being intertwined with countries and markets all over the world has both benefits and
downsides, so globalization has both proponents and detractors. No matter which side you’re
on, globalization is simply a reality of modern life; therefore, it’s important to understand how
it affects us and the choices we make.

What’s More
Challenge to the learner:

Answer the following question: Can I live without China?

List 10 things that you see are made in China in your house and be able to refrain from
using them for a week. You have to journal your experiences and be able to write a final
reaction about their experience.
1. 6.
2. 7.
3. 8.
4. 9.
5. 10.

What I have Learned

Now, let’s check what you have learned by giving your generalization
on the meaning of globalization. Write your answer on a sheet of paper.
GLOBALIZATION is ___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
 What I can do
Identify scenarios how globalization works in Philippine context in terms

of:

Political

.
Economic

.
Religious

.
Socio-cultural interconnections

______________________________________________________________________________

Assessment

DIRECTIONS: Read the questions comprehensively and choose the letter that corresponds to
your answer. Write the answer on a sheet of paper.
1.Which of the following statements is not true regarding nation-states?
A. Nation-states are comprised of four elements.
B. The government is the most important element of the state.
C. There is no requirement as to how many people should comprise a state.
D. There must be concurrence of the four elements of the state for a state be
considered as such.
2.How are nation-states characterized?
A. They speak a common language.
B. They have a common descent.
C. They share a common history
D. All of the above
3.Which of the following terms has a cultural connotation?
A. State
B. Nation
C. Community
D. Country
4.Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding nations?
A. A nation is political in nature.
B. A nation is a community of people.
C. A state relates with the concept of government.
D. A nation is bounded by a common interest.
5.Where do people live?
A. Territory
B. Jurisdiction
C. Sovereignty
D. Government
6. What is the term to describe the changes in societies and the world economy that are
the result of dramatically increased trade and cultural change?
A. Power
B. Globalization
C. State
D. Nation
7. Which of the following is an advantage of globalization?
A. Peaceful Relations
B. Education
C. Employment
D All of the above
8. Which of the following can mean transformation of global village- the close contact
between different parts of the world, with increase possibilities of personal exchange
and friendship between “world citizens”?
A. Power
B. Globalization
C. State
D. Nation
9.Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE regarding globalization?
A. Globalization does not have problems and negative effects.
B. Globalization has increased the flow of communications allowing vital information to
be shared between individuals and corporations around the world.
C. Globalization can be challenged by communities supporting each other in business
and society and through public protest and political lobbying.
D. In the global economy, jobs are becoming more temporary and insecure.
10. What is involved in globalization?
A. A stretching of social, political, and economic activities across political frontiers.
B. A growing magnitude of interconnectedness in almost every sphere of social
existence.
C. An accelerating pace of global interactions and processes associated with a
deepening involvement of the local and the global.
D. All of the options given are correct.

Additional Activities

Identify two current issues in the Philippines that has reached global attention.
Classify these issues by filling out the appropriate column in the table below. Use a separate
sheet of paper for your answers.

POLITICAL ECONOMIC RELIGIOUS SOCIO-CULTURAL

Answer Key

10. d 5. a

9.a 4. d

8.b 3. b Government 4.
7. d 2. d Territory 3.
People 2.
6. b 1.c Sovereignty 1.
ASSESSMENT What I Know
References

Ansgar Walk. Commons Wikimedia.2017

Castillo,Lea and Nina. 3 Things About the People of the Philippines.2008
De Leon Porcalla.PhilStar Global Headline. August 7,2023
Lazo, R. (2009). Introduction to Political Science. Sta Mesa, Quezon City: Rex
Printing Company Inc.
Mohamed Sakhri.5 Different Kinds of Sovereignty.Nov.21,2021
Naguit, R (2005) Discourses on the 1987 Philippine Constitution, Meycauayan,
Bulacan: Trinitas Publishing, Inc.
PH Territotial Map.Wikipedia Commons. February 2023
R.A Pawilen and Reiden M. Pawilen,Philippine Politics and Governance ( Rex Book
Store,Inc.,2017) page 22
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