Ethics reviewer

1. is a moral philosophy that teaches that an action is right if it is an action that a virtuous person
would perform in the same situations.
2. is someone who acts virtuously and people act virtuously if they possess and live the virtues.
3. someone who develops the virtues and unfailingly displays them over time.
4. The ancient Greeks list four “cardinal virtues.
5. is considered as the source of guidance in moral decision making that to know the good, it is
argued, is to do the good.
6. when someone acts in line with his nature or end and thus realize his full potential, he does
moral and will be happy.
7. Aristotle’s view is also of a type known as?
8. his moral philosophy is? or virtue-based. Whereas act-oriented ethics is focused mainly on
what we should do, a virtue ethics is interested basically in what we should be, that is, the
character or the sort person we should struggle to become.
9. Aristotle believes that the ultimate human goal is?
10. This just means that virtue lies in the middle of the vice of deficiency and the vice of excess.
11. four primary types of law
12. refers to the rational plan of God by which all creation is ordered.
13. law that ordering them to do good and avoid evil.
14. refers to the positive laws.
15. This law is more focused on how man can be inwardly holy and eventually attain salvation.
16. have as their object not God Himself, but activities that are less virtuous and inferior to the
final end.
17. are concerned directly with God. They provide us with true knowledge and desire of God
and of His will.
18. believed that certain types of actions (including murder, theft, and lying) were prohibited
19. the rightness and wrongness of actions does not depend on their consequences but on
whether they fulfill our duty.
20. For an act to be moral, it is a requisite that it be an act of a free agent.
21. refers to the feeling that pushes us to select a particular option or make a particular
decision. It is liking or tendency to do, favor, or want something.
22. is that which we ought to do despite our inclination or ‘taste’ to do otherwise.
23. is a general rule or principle which serves as guide to action.
24. Kant further divides the maxims of conduct into two classes.
25. the notion that in order for society to be efficacious
26. is a broad moral theory in which Kant’s principle of rights theory is included. The concept of
rights based only on the fact that they are human.
27. are those that are moral
28. those created by humans and reflect society’s values.
29. 3 Examples of Rights Based System
30. are rights that “exist prior to and independently from their legal counterparts.
31. This ethical system is basically hedonistic as it identifies happiness with pleasure.
32. the utility is applied directly to every alternative act in a situation of choice. The right act is
then defined as the one which brings about the best results, or, the least amount of bad results.
33. the principle of utility is used to decide the validity of rules of conduct (moral standards or
principles). A moral rule such as promise-keeping is established by evaluating the
consequences of a world in which people broke promises at will and a world in which promises
were binding. Moral and immoral are then defined as following or breaking those rules.
34. he founded the doctrine of utilitarianism
35. systematized and modified some of Bentham’s utilitarian principles.
36. explains that utility means that property in any object, whereby it tends to produce benefit,
advantage, pleasure, good, or happiness or to prevent the happening of mischief, pain, evil, or
unhappiness.
37. action is right insofar as it produce the greatest happiness for the greatest number.
38. to calculate the quantitative worth of pleasures.
39. he advocates ‘the greatest happiness principle’ which states that it is the greatest happiness
of the greatest number that is the measure of right or wrong.
40. or those that animals, too, can experience, such as those from food, drink, and sex.
41. includes artistic, political, and even spiritual pleasures.
42. maximizing the improvement of the ‘least advantaged’ group in society under his Difference
Principle.
43. has to do with giving everyone the exact same resources.
44. involves distributing resources based on the needs of the recipients.
45. is a concept used in many diverse ways, but, in general terms, it is the philosophical theory
that there is more than one basic substance or principle, whether it be the constitution of the
universe, of the mind and body, the sources of truth, or the basis of morality.
46. as the world-wide integration of government policies, cultures, social movements, and
financial markets through trade and the exchange of ideas.
47. intensification of worldwide relationships which link distant localities in such a way that local
happenings are shaped by events occurring many miles away and vice versa”.
48. Globalization has made the world a?
49.

Philosopher
1. Aristotle
2. Thomas Aquinas
3. Immanuel Kant
4. Jeremy Bentham
5. John Stuart Mill
6. John Rawls
7. Anthony Giddens
8.