The Development of Portable Solar Panel

Window Blind
Bernard Gregg P. Balana
Electrical Engineering College of
Engineering Education
University of Mindanao
Davao City, Philippines
b.balana.516684@umindanao.edu.ph
Jomer Y. Lopez
Electrical Engineering College of
Engineering Education
University of Mindanao
Davao City, Philippines
j.lopez.517176@umindanao.edu.ph
Queen Rochelyn G. Maitum
Electrical Engineering College of
Engineering Education
University of Mindanao
Davao City, Philippines
q.maitum.518224@umindanao.edu.ph

about 20%. Additionally, employing a multi-concept cooling

I. INTRODUCTION
Excessive exposure to extreme temperatures inside
classrooms at the Institutional has raised concerns among
students. Studies have shown that learning and working in
environments with either excessive heat or cold can hamper
information absorption, leading to discomfort, shivering,
mobility issues, frostbite, and can worsen respiratory
conditions [1][2]. While the Establishment employs a well-
regarded window tint that effectively blocks sunrays, ensuring
the well-being of its occupants and addressing visual comfort
[3], it may fall short in providing sufficient shading during
intense sunlight. Revolutionary window-based solar
technology maximizes efficiency in homes and buildings,
overcoming limitations of traditional PV systems, while also
addressing power outage-related instability in institutions,
significantly enhancing residents' quality of life [4]. The
demand for electricity is increasing rapidly, while our finite
resources are depleting at an alarming rate. Therefore, it is
imperative to efficiently manage energy sources, optimize
consumption, and lower production costs [5].
Several studies in the field of solar panel technology and its
integration with window blinds have addressed improving
efficiency and usability. To address the issue of excessive solar
radiation, solar portable window blind panels have been
developed, providing protection through shading strategies and
simultaneously harnessing wasted sunlight energy via an
integrated photovoltaic system to convert it into electricity
[6][7]. The study explores a smart window blinds control
system utilizing renewable energy to generate clean power,
effectively reducing greenhouse gas emissions and minimizing
reliance on nonrenewable sources by regulating energy
harvesting and cooling based on surface temperature [8].
Traditional solar panels generate direct current through the
photovoltaic effect, with various configurations for specific
power outputs and typically fixed in terms of slope, but they
suggested optimizing performance by using sun tracking
devices and positioning mirrors strategically for sunlight
concentration [9][10]. The study emphasizes that the angle
represents the orientation of photovoltaic (PV) modules
relative to the South, ranging from -90° (East) to 90° (West).
Adjusting this angle significantly influences the total energy
balance of the PV system, leading to a 24.19% variation in
energy production over the year [11]. The panel autonomously
adjusts its angles to track the sun's position for optimal
electricity generation, particularly during solar noon between
12 noon to 5 pm, the period of highest temperatures recorded
in the Philippines [12]. Solar panels are most efficient when the
sun's rays strike them at a 90° angle. During spring, summer,
and autumn, solar panel efficiency (around 74-75% in
spring/autumn and 68-74% in summer) due to the sun's path
across a larger part of the sky. [13]. To measure the temperature
of the solar panels, a thermometer is an essential component of
a solar panel system, and it is placed in front of the PV front
side. The study found that with forced cooling, the unit's
efficiency increased from 8.5% to 10.25%, representing a
1.75% gain, and the overall system efficiency improved by
technique for the PV module maintained a low temperature of
around 40°C, resulting in a 13% increase in efficiency
compared to natural cooling [14]. Davao City, Philippines,
situated at 7.0712 latitude and 125.6089 longitude, benefits
from consistent tropical sunlight, with solar PV capacity
producing an average of 5.96 kWh/day in summer and 5.58
kWh/day in wet season, reflecting variations in the Sun's
maximum elevation angle of +/- 23.45 degrees annually for the
city's latitude [15].
PV technology advances enable self-sufficient off-grid
solar systems for bus shelters, utilizing UV rays for power
generation stored in batteries and converted for AC loads,
overcoming shading challenges and requiring sun hours
knowledge for optimal efficiency [16]. Advancements in solar
cell efficiency, seen in generations like thin-film solar cells, are
cost-effective, flexible, and excel in partially shaded
environments, with the most advanced CIGS solar cell
achieving a theoretical maximum efficiency of 23.4% [17].
Laboratory CIGS cell efficiency is 20.4% with flexible
polymer foil, but commercial modules typically max out at
17.4% [18]. The integration of Copper Indium Gallium
Selenide (CIGS) solar cells into windows, emphasizing
transparent substrates, is gaining attention due to CIGS's strong
light absorption capabilities, adaptability, and flexibility [19]-
[21]. The standard thickness of the CIGS layer is approximately
0.002 mm [22]. Solar power windows supplement clean
electricity from conventional PV systems, harvesting energy
from both rooftops and windows, eliminating space limitations;
this approach involves horizontal blinds adjusting retraction
height and tilt angle in response to the sun's position [23]. Using
MPPT charge controller, it will help increase the efficiency of
a solar panel. By using this device, it will able our system to
operate at the Maximum Power Point (MPP) and also it will
maximize the power output by detecting the maximum
radiation that the sun that our panel absorb [24]. This study also
discusses about portable inverter compatible with solar panels
with 10W 12V solar panels and 12V batteries, capable of
powering 230V bulbs. They used inverter showed varying
efficiency levels, reaching 96.23% at 21W loads [25]. 18650
Li-ion battery, widely explored and used in power tools,
medical equipment, e-bikes, and electric vehicles, with a
charge/discharge current of 2.5A and voltage ranging from
4.2V to 2.5V [26]. PV cables are crucial components in solar
panel electrical generation, but they can lead to system losses
due to both DC losses caused by the wires and AC losses
caused by the inverter's output [27].
Despite of the increase on interest in renewable energy and
green building innovations, there is a significant lack of studies
and research that centers on creating a solar panel with
innovative application, through observation past research able
to use first generation panels which are heavy weight which are
suitable for solar installation on roof and also this panels are
efficient on areas with direct sunlight exposure. The
development of portable solar window blind panels will be an
exciting avenue for renewable energy specifically in solar
energy generation within residential and commercial space.
With this innovative application we could harness waste heat
from our windows. Unlike traditional solar panel which we
usually see on roofs and solar energy generation plants,
portable solar panel window blinds is a detachable blind that
will able user to transfer it different location to optimal sunlight
exposure to maximize its capabilities to harness energy, in case
of power outage it will enable us to charge our mobile phones
and provide light illumination ,with its portability it will could
be carry out for camping’s and hikes , and in case of emergency
such us typhoons and floods it will able for us to carry it easily
thank to its material which is a thin film panel and its ability to
be detach on its mount. By addressing these research gaps,
scholars, industry experts, and policymakers can
collaboratively work toward harnessing the full potential of
portable solar window blinds as a sustainable energy solution,
making a substantial contribution to the global efforts to
mitigate climate change and make it as an alternative source for
energy.
The general objective of this study aims to create a dual-
purpose solution: solar panel that harness green energy while
providing shade during sunrise. The primary objectives
include: (1) To design and develop a solar panel window blinds
that harness green energy and at the same time provide cooling
capabilities (2) To provide charging for mobile phones and for
light illumination, (3) To conduct a comprehensive cost
analysis.
This study has significant implications for institutional
residents, providing diverse benefits. Portable solar panel
window blinds offer students a renewable energy source,
enhancing learning environments and campus sustainability.
Faculty gain a reliable power source for teaching equipment,
while administrators save on energy costs, bolstering the
institution's eco-friendly image. Institutional personnel
experience improved comfort and productivity. Additionally,
the study lays a crucial foundation for future researchers,
guiding advancements in renewable energy technology for
solar blinds, fostering ongoing innovation in sustainable
energy.
This study focuses on renewable energy, specifically
photovoltaic energy generation using thin film solar panels.
These panels will be integrated into window blinds for
apartment-sized windows to generate energy. These blinds are
detachable from their hub. However, it's essential to
acknowledge certain limitations in this study. The most
significant limitation is the focus on the accessibility of solar
window blind panel outputs. To maintain a manageable scope,
this study is intended to harness waste energy from windows as
an alternative. It will only be able to power light loads, such as
phone charging and lighting. Additionally, this study is
intended for areas with direct sunlight exposure and not for
locations that do not receive sunlight.
II.MATERIALS AND METHODS
This encompasses the theoretical foundation, available
resources, operational processes, tools, and assessment
methods, including the design, schematics, and flowcharts used
in the current research.
A. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
Fig. 1 Conceptual Framework
Input. The solar panel will collect the radiance of sun
between 12nn and 5pm.
Process. The power generated by the solar panel travels
through a charge controller, which carefully regulates the
voltage before it flows into the battery. After passing through
the battery, the power is directed through an inverter in which
it will invert the current from DC to AC.
Output. The charge controller will output DC voltage that
will be used to power lights. The AC power that was converted
by an inverter will be used to charge mobile phones.
B. MATERIALS AND RESOURCES
To create a fully functional output, a complete system must
include essential components such as:
1. 1.CIGS thin film solar cell. It will be an off-grid solar
power system. A CIGS thin-film solar cell frame is typically
made of lightweight and durable materials. We will use a
series-panel setup. Each solar cell is rated at 2W and has a 9V
output. We will use 15 solar cells, resulting in a total output of
27V and 1.6A.
2. MPPT Charge Controller. Achieves an impressive 97%
power generation efficiency, attributed to its high tracking
efficiency and real-time monitoring. Its versatility lies in its
adaptability to various battery voltages (12V/24V auto-
adjustable) and customizable charge currents (30A to 100A),
making it an efficient and flexible component for solar power
systems.
3. Inverter. The inverters’ metal or plastic shells will be
covered in electrical components such as semiconductors,
capacitors, and inductors.
4. Battery. The battery used is a pack of 18650 lithium-ion
cells, complete with a Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect
Transistor (MOSFET) based Battery Management System
(BMS). Each 18650 cell has a 3.7V voltage and a capacity
ranging from 1800mAh to 3500mAh. The BMS handles
overcharge, over-discharge, and overcurrent protection in our
system.
5. PV Wires. A single-conductor wire connects solar panels
in photovoltaic systems, which convert sunlight into electricity.
6. PVsyst. A software package for the design and simulation
of photovoltaic (PV) systems.
7. Thermometer. This type of equipment is used to measure
the temperature of the solar panels.
8. Other materials. Additional materials such as light bulbs,
a multi-meter, electrical outlets, required as essential
components for the research.
C . BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE SYSTEM
In Fig. 2, the diagram illustrates the flow of electricity
within the system. It begins with the thin film solar cell
generating electricity from sunlight. To ensure the safe and
efficient charging of the battery, a MPPT charge controller
regulates the electricity flow from the thin film panels to the
battery, preventing overcharging. The battery serves as an
energy storage component, preserving the electricity
generated by the solar panels for use during nighttime or in
shaded areas. Lastly, the battery connects to an inverter, which
transforms the DC electricity to the battery into AC electricity,
suitable for powering AC loads.
START
Sunlight
CIGS Thin Film
Solar Cell
MPPT Solar
Charge Controllers
INVERTER
BATTERY
AC LOADS
END
Fig. 2 Functional Block Diagram
D. METHODS AND PROCEDURES
Procedure. The design of the system will follow these
following procedures in creating this study. In the initial phase,
the researcher will efficiently gather primary materials,
including the headrail, window slats, solar thin films, cord lock,
tilting pole, MPPT solar charger, inverter, lithium-ion batteries,
and extension wire outlet. The materials will be sourced cost-
effectively, with the researcher purchasing the thin film from
local shops and procuring the converter, charge controller,
battery, inverter, and other necessities from shops in Davao
City or other suitable locations. The headrail is then constructed
to specified dimensions, incorporating the cord lock and
securely placing the MPPT solar charger and inverter.
Individual window slats are created, with solar thin films
optimizing exposure to sunlight. The tilting pole is attached to
allow slats to tilt from 180 to 90 degrees for optimal sun
exposure. The cord lock inside the headrail is configured to
control the tilting mechanism securely. Lithium-ion batteries
are installed, and the extension wire outlet is integrated for
electrical connections. The design incorporates the ward tilt for
enhanced slat adjustability and lift strings for raising the slats.
All components are assembled with careful alignment and
secure attachment. Operational functionality is verified by
testing tilting and raising/lowering mechanisms, ensuring user-
friendly operation. Upon completion, the portable solar panel
window blind is installed in a suitable location for maximum
sunlight exposure. Guidelines for regular maintenance are
provided to ensure the longevity and efficiency of the solar
panel window blind. This step-by-step process ensures a
systematic and well-executed approach to constructing and
implementing the solar panel window blind.
E. FABRICATION
In the construction of the window blind, the key
measurements and components are as follows; The headrail
measures 1500 mm in length, 150 mm in height, and 150 mm
in width, also the window blind has a height of 992.67 mm and
a length of 1500 mm. Each solar thin film has a length of 379
mm, a width of 70 mm, and a thickness of 0.002 mm, which is
placed into the slats. Each slat is 1500 mm long, 150 mm wide,
and 5 mm thick, with a 150 mm spacing between slats when
tilted. Inside the headrail, there's a cord lock measuring 51 mm
by 26 mm. A tilting pole is 1330 mm long with an area of 78.54
mm2. Inside the headrail, there's an MPPT solar charger
measuring 170 mm long, 95 mm wide, 40 mm thick, and
weighing 260 grams. An inverter measures 148 mm by 113
mm, 56 mm thick, and weighs 610 grams; it's made of plastic.
A 4-pack of lithium-ion batteries has dimensions of 100-150
mm in length, 70-100 mm in width, 20-30 mm in thickness, and
a weight of 400 grams. An extension wire outlet is 3000 mm
long, 5-10 mm wide, 5-10 mm thick, and weighs 100 grams. In
the ward tilt, there's a 375 mm length with an area of 19.63
mm2. The lift string is expected to be 400 mm long. To operate
the blind, the slat is initially at 180 degrees and can be tilted to
90 degrees using the ward tilt to face the sun and utilize all the
thin films. To raise the slats, simply pull both lift strings on the
left and right sides.
1.1 Design Process
The design of the system will be put inside of the headrail
that made up of PVC (polyvinyl chloride) a type of material for
the headrail or slats of the Blinds. PVC is chosen due to its
durability, lightweight nature, and resistance to moisture,
making it suitable for window blind applications. It’s often
used for blinds. The design inside consists of the main materials
that are going to be used in the project.
Fig. 3. Headrail
 The thin film solar cells on the slats of the blinds generate
electricity when exposed to sunlight or in shaded areas. In Fig.
3, inside the headrail, after the thin film cells generate
electricity, the DC power flows onward to an MPPT solar
charger controller, which supervises the battery charging
process to ensure optimal performance and prevent
overcharging. The battery functions as the system's energy
reservoir, storing excess energy to provide power during
periods of reduced sunlight. Subsequently, the DC power is
directed to an inverter, responsible for the crucial task of
converting DC to alternating current (AC). Finally, an
extension wire/outlet is used to extend the power supply's
reach, connecting various devices and enabling the seamless
and sustainable utilization of solar-generated electricity.
Fig. 4 Window Blind in Horizontal
1.2 CIRCUITRY.
In fig. 5, the circuit diagram for the solar window blind
panel is shown.
Fig. 5 Circuit Diagram
F. Data Analysis.
To comprehensively analyze key data points to assess
the feasibility and effectiveness of our solar panel window
blinds. This includes a detailed examination of Material Costs
and Manufacturing Costs to understand the economic aspects
of production. Simultaneously, we will evaluate the
Temperature Reduction capabilities of the blinds during
sunrise to gauge their cooling effectiveness. Additionally, we
will analyze Solar Energy Production to quantify the
efficiency of the solar panels in converting sunlight into
electrical energy, and Light Illumination to measure the
brightness and coverage provided by the blinds for both
energy-efficient illumination and user comfort. These analyses
collectively form the foundation for informed
decision-making in the development and implementation of
our innovative dual-purpose solution.
G. FUNCTIONALITY TESTING
Solar panel window blinds are designed to serve a dual
function: harvesting solar energy and providing shade. Our
research involves a comparative study in which we will test
these blinds in a room for approximately 5 hours. We will
assess the window blind panel's ability to power AC loads, such
as LED bulbs and charging devices, to evaluate the
performance of the solar window blind panel. We aim is to
examine the impact of portable solar window blinds on room
temperature by comparing them to a room without blinds,
helping us determine any temperature changes they may create.
Additionally, to evaluate their energy-harnessing ability, we
will monitor these blinds during the hours when sunlight
reaches our panels, measuring the amount of energy they
generate
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 APPENDICES

APPENDIX A
PRIOR ARTS

TABLE 1
PRIOR ARTS AND RESEARCH STUDY CLAIM
Existing Our Research Existing Research Our Research Study Remarks
Research Study Title Study Claim Claim
Study
Solar panel The Development Generated energy A portable solar panel
embedded of Portable Solar through solar panel window blinds by using
window blinds Panel Window window blinds thin film solar panel
integrated with Blinds using (CIGS), to be able to
battery polycrystalline provide cooling to the
energy storage for panel and room by blocking the sun
home systems maximizing its rays from the windows
energy generation and thin film panels are
through solar much durable compared
tracking. to poly crystalline. in
which, it makes it much
better application on
window due to its
lightweight material.
 APPENDIX B
Multiple Designs and Constraints

Multiple Design Constraints

In this section, we conduct a thorough evaluation of two solar panel designs, examining their

effectiveness in harnessing energy from different angles while also considering the influence of materials

on efficiency. Our assessment prioritizes practicality and methodical analysis, all while considering any

limitations in both materials and procedures.

In Fig. 5 depicts a Portable Solar Panel Window Blind, which represents the first design, offering

portability and the capability to harness solar energy while providing shade. This system features a

horizontally curved CIGS solar panel designed to resemble a window, making it suitable for indoor and

outdoor use in various types of households. The system was enclosure through PVC where it keeps the

weight light and also serve to maintain the safety of the design. It includes both AC and DC outputs,

enabling lighting loads and mobile device charging from anywhere, without the need for specific locations

but at least it has sunlight to harness energy.

Fig. 5 Portable Solar Panel Window Blind Design

 Fig. 6 below depicts a vertically designed Solar Panel Window Blind (Design 2) that utilizes

polycrystalline solar panels for energy harnessing. Unlike Design 1, Design 2 incorporates a steel

enclosure and is non-portable due to the weight of the materials and panels, resulting in lower efficiency.

Furthermore, this design is fragile and should be installed in an area with direct sunlight access, securely

mounted to a specific household location to prevent potential hazards.

Fig. 6 Solar Panel Window Blind Design

Design Constraints

In this section, we delve into the critical considerations required for assessing the

feasibility of implementing the system. We identify specific constraints and barriers related

to manufacturability, economic viability, potability, as well as health and safety, which must

be thoroughly examined to gauge the project's viability and potential challenges.

 Manufacturability: The initial design can be produced using fewer resources, less time, and

at a lower cost, making it a more resource-efficient option. On the other hand, the second design

requires the incorporation of additional materials, which increases the resource investment and

production time, potentially making it a less cost-effective choice.

Economic: The first design is secure and operates efficiently due to its lightweight,

portability, cost-effectiveness, and absence of the need for additional materials, aside from assembly.

In contrast, the second design, while compact and stationary, is fragile and less efficient.

Portability: The components in the first design (CIGS solar panel, charge controller, inverter,

and battery) are portable, efficiently arranged, and can be strategically positioned to optimize their

performance. On the other hand, the second design is compact but lacks an efficient arrangement of

its components.

Health and Safety: In terms of Health and Safety, the first design is preferred because it offers better

stability. In contrast, the second design is less stable, increasing the risk of tipping over or falling, which

can lead to injuries or equipment damage. The first design requires fewer safety measures, while the second

design demands additional safety precautions to ensure grounding and secure electrical connections during

movement
 APPENDIX C
Trade-off Analysis

Use the following for Concept Selection:

1 equal
2 moderate
3 strong
4 very strong
5 extreme

Use the following for Concept Scoring:

Values Interpretation

1 i and j are equally important

2 i is slightly more important than j

3 i is more important than j

4 i is strongly more important than j

5 i is absolutely more important than j

Pugh Concept Selection

A Manufacturability
B Economic
C Portability
D Health and Safety
 A B C D
A 1 1 3 1 3 1 4 1
B 1 3 1 1 1 3 2 1
C 3 1 3 1 1 1 2 1
D 1 4 1 2 1 4 1 1

1 3 3 4 1 3 3 4 11.99 16 7.99 20

0.33

3
1

3
0.33

1
2

2
X 0.33

3
1

3
0.33

1
2

2
= 2.15

7.49
3.48

15.5
2.15

11.49
5.98

22

0.25 0.25 0.25 1 0.25 0.25 0.25 1 1.3325 2 1.3325 3

Sum Weight %
55.98 41.81
13.76 10.28
56.48 42.18
7.665 5.73
133.885 100
 A) Manufacturability Constraint

Pugh Concept Selection

A Material Availability
B Fabrication Simplicity
C Versatility

A B C

A 1 1 3 1 3 1
B 1 3 1 1 1 3
C 3 1 3 1 1 1

1 3 3 1 3 3 10.99 15 6.99

0.33

3
1

3
0.33

1
X 0.33

3
1

3
0.33

1
= 1.65

6.99
2.98

15
1.65

10.99

Sum Weight % Actual Weight%

32.98 45.65 19.09

6.28 8.69 3.63

32.98 45.65 19.09

72.24 100% 41.81

 B) Economical Constraint

Pugh Concept Selection

A cost-effectiveness
B less time consuming

A B

A 1 1 3 1

B 1 3 1 1

1 3 1 3 1.99 6

0.33 1
X 0.33 1
= 0.66 1.99

Sum Weight % Actual Weight%

7.99 75.09 7.72
2.65 24.91 2.56
10.64 100% 10.28
 C) Portability Constraint

Pugh Concept Selection

A Mobility
B Convenience
C Space Efficiency

A B C

A 1 1 3 1 3 1

B 1 3 1 1 1 3

C 3 1 3 1 1 1

1 3 3 1 3 3 10.99 15 6.99

0.33

3
1

3
0.33

1
X 0.33

3
1

3
0.33

1
= 1.65

6.99
2.98

15
1.65

10.99

Sum Weight % Actual Weight%

32.98 45.65 19.26
6.28 8.69 3.66
32.98 45.65 19.26
72.24 100% 42.18
 D) Health and Safety Constraint

Pugh Concept Selection

A Stability
B Electrical Safety
C Neatly concealed.

A B C

A 1 1 3 1 3 1

B 1 3 1 1 1 3

C 3 1 3 1 1 1

1 3 3 1 3 3 10.99 15 6.99

0.33

3
1

3
0.33

1
X 0.33

3
1

3
0.33

1
= 1.65

6.99
2.98

15
1.65

10.99

Sum Weight % Actual Weight%

32.98 45.65 2.62
6.28 8.69 0.49
32.98 45.65 2.32
72.24 100% 5.73
Table 3. Trade-off Analysis