NOTES

Element Definition:
Elements – Elements constitute the simplest chemical substances in which all
the atoms are exactly the same and an element cannot be broken down further
into any simpler substance.
Elements are complete chemical substances which relate to a single entry in the modern periodic
table. Elements consist of one kind of atoms only. They cannot be broken down into simpler
fragments and can exist as atoms or as molecules. Elements are represented by symbols. For
example, Oxygen is represented by O, Aluminium is represented by Al, etc.

1. Types of Elements
The elements are arranged in the periodic table and are split depending upon their groups as either
metallic, non-metallic and metalloids. These are again further divided depending upon their
properties.

Examples of some commonly used elements along with their chemical

symbols:

Name of the element Chemical symbol

Hydrogen (H)

Boron (B)

Carbon (C)

Silicon (Si)

Sodium (Na)

Lead (Pb)

Platinum (Pt)

Compound Definition:
Compounds – Compounds are chemical substances made up of two or more
elements that are chemically bound together in a fixed ratio.
Chemistry is the study of the structures, physical properties, and chemical properties of material
substances. It is very important to understand that all gases, liquids, and solids are not the same. All
are different in terms of their composition. This is the reason why the classification of the matter is
very important.

Classification of Matter
1. Elements
2. Compounds

Elements and Compounds

Elements And Compounds with Examples

What is a Compound?
When two or more elements chemically combine in a fixed ratio by mass, the obtained
product is known as a compound. Compounds can be defined as substances consisting of 2 or
more different types of elements in a fixed ratio of its atoms. When the elements combine, some of
the individual property of the elements is lost and the newly formed compound has new properties.
Chemical Formula: Compounds are represented by their chemical formula. A chemical formula is a
symbolic representation of the proportions of atoms that constitute a particular chemical compound.
The chemical formula of water is H2O which shows two atoms of hydrogen and one atom
of oxygen have combined to form one molecule of H2O. The chemical formula for common salt is
NaCl which shows one atom of sodium and one atom of chlorine combine to form one molecule of
NaCl.

Example Of Compounds
 Example of compounds includes water (H2O), Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2), etc. You could
see water’s chemical formula, it says it has 2 atoms of Hydrogen combined with 1 atom of
oxygen and in hydrogen peroxide, it has 2 atoms of hydrogen and two atoms of oxygen.
 Similarly, an example of salt which is a compound would be the table salt (NaCl) which has 1
atom of sodium and one atom of chlorine.

Examples of some commonly used compounds and their molecular

formula:

Compound Name Compound Formula

Sulphuric Acid H2SO4

Ammonia NH3

Methane CH4

Nitrous oxide N2O

Salt NaCl

Difference Between Molecule and Compound

Sl. Differentiating
Molecule Compound
No. Property

A compound is a substance which is formed

A molecule is a group of
by two or more different types of elements
1 Definition two or more atoms held
which are united chemically in a fixed
together by chemical bonds.
proportion.

All molecules are not

2 Relatedness All compounds are molecules.
compounds.

An example of a molecule is An example of a compound is table salt

3 Example
ozone. (sodium chloride).

Molecules are simply a

All compounds are actual matter in their
4 Structure group of atoms which are
complete shape.
bonded by a strong force.

A molecule cannot be seen

A compound can be easily seen with the
5 Visibility with the naked eye as they
naked eye.
are at the atomic level.
 Difference Between Compounds and Mixtures

Sl. Differentiating
Compound Mixture
No. Property

Compound are substances which Mixtures are substances that are formed
1 Definition can be formed by chemically by physically mixing two or more
combining two or more elements. substances.

Compounds can be classified as

organic compounds or inorganic Mixtures are mainly of two types i.e.
2 Types compounds depending on the homogenous mixtures and
presence of carbon in the heterogeneous mixtures.
molecular structure.

Substance Compounds fall under pure Mixtures can be categorized as impure

3
Category substances. substances.

A mixture can have a variable

Composition The chemical composition of
4 composition of the substances forming
Details compounds is always fixed.
it.

Compounds are always Mixtures can either be homogeneous or

5 Nature
homogeneous in nature heterogeneous in nature.

Mixtures can be separated into their

The constituents of a compound
Separation of can only be separated by either
6
Constituents chemical or electrochemical
methods(like extraction).
constituents via physical separation
methods such as filtration. Thus, the
separation of mixtures is relatively
easier than the separation of chemical
compounds.

The properties of compounds are

The constituents of a mixture do not
unique to themselves and need
lose their properties and so, the
7 Properties not necessarily reflect the
properties of a mixture are generally the
properties of the constituent
sum of the properties of its constituents.
elements.

A new substance is formed after

No new substances are formed in
the constituents are chemically
mixtures and their properties are
8 New Substance combined. So, a compound has
dependent on the properties of their
different properties from its
respective constituents.
constituents.
 Melting and The melting & boiling points of a The melting and boiling points of a
9
Boiling Points compound are always defined. mixture is not defined.

Oil and water, sand and water, smog

10 Example Water, salt, baking soda, etc.
(smoke + fog), etc.