CHN REVIEWER MIDTERMS
also be considered.
FAMILY
“Family as Basic Unit of the Society”
THE FAMILY: A fundamental unit of
society. A group of people of various
ages who are usually related by birth,
marriage or adoption.
Family is referred to a basic unit of the
society and the social structure, the
precise definition of which can differ
largely from time to time and from
culture to culture. How a society defines
family as a primary group, and the tasks
it expects from the families to perform,
are by no means continuous.
Relationship between Family & Society
The primary function of the family is to
ensure the continuation of society, both
biologically through procreation, and
socially through socialization. Given
these functions, the nature of one's role
in the family changes over time.
Function of the Family
The family serves many functions for its
members. Families and society affect
each other in many ways. Society is
strong when the families in it are strong.
Level of Society
Neighborhood
City
Country
State
TYPES (4)
AS CONTEXT
Although the nurse focuses the nursing
process on the individual’s health status,
the nurse also assesses the extent to
which the family provides the
individual’s basic needs. These needs
vary, depending on the individual’s
development level and situation.
Because families provide more than just
material essentials, their ability to help
1
the client meet psychological needs must
AS CLIENT
The family is seems as the sum of
individuals family members. The focus
is concentrated on each and every
individual as they affect the whole
family.
AS SYSTEM
The focus is on the family as a client and
it is viewed as an international system in
which the whole is more than the sum of
its parts. This approach focuses on the
individual and family members become
the target for nursing interventions.
AS COMPONENT OF SOCIETY
The family is seen as one of many
institutions in society, along with health,
educational, religious, or economic
institution. The family is a basic or
primary unit of society, as are all the
other units and they are all a part of the
larger system of society.
FAMILY SYSTEMS THEORY DEFINITION
The family systems theory suggests that
a family functions as an emotional
system wherein each member plays a
specific role and must follow certain
rules. Based on the roles within the
system, people are expected to interact
with and respond to one another in a
certain way. Patterns develop within the
system, and each member's behavior
impacts the other members in
predictable ways.
THE EIGHT CONCEPTS OF FAMILY
SYSTEMS THEORY
1. Triangles
2. Differentiation of Self
3. Nuclear Family Emotional Process
4. Family Projection Process
5. Multigenerational Transmission Process
6. Emotional Cutoff
7. Sibling Position
8. Societal Emotional Process

NUCLEAR FAMILY EMOTIONAL PROCESS
These four basic relationship patterns are:
Marital Conflict: As family tension
increases, spouses will externalize the
anxiety they are feeling onto their
marital partner and their relationship.
Dysfunction in One Spouse: One spouse
will pressure another spouse to think or
act a certain way, exerting control over
their partner. This change in another
spouse’s behavior due to dysfunction in
one spouse leads to a period of perceived
harmony, but if any family tension
arises, the subordinate partner may
experience high levels of anxiety.
Impairment of One Or More Children: A
parent may focus all of their anxieties on
one or more of their children. They may
worry obsessively about the child, or
have an unrealistically ideal or negative
view of the child. The more a parent
focuses on the child, the more reactive
and responsive the child becomes to the
parent, limiting their differentiation of
self. This makes the child vulnerable to
internalize family tensions, which can
lead to problems like anxiety,
depression, or poor performance in
school.
Emotional Distance: Emotional
distance often occurs in tandem with
one of the other relationship patterns.
To avoid family tension, family members
will distance themselves from one
another to reduce the intensity of
emotions that may arise from the
tension.
FAMILY ROLES
NURTURING FIGURE
Primary caregiver to children or any
dependent member
2
PROVIDER
Provides the family basic needs
PROBLEM-SOLVER
Resolves family problem to maintain
unity and solidarity.
HEALTH MANAGER
Monitor the health and ensures that
member return to health appointment.
GATE KEEPER
Determines what information will be
release from the family or what new
information can be introduced.
FAMILY HEALTH TASK
1. RECOGNIZING INTERRUPTION OF
HEALTH OR DEVELOPMENT
2. MAINTAINING A HOME
ENVIRONMENT CONDUCTIVE TO
GOOD HEALTH AND PERSONAL
DEVELOPMENT
3. PROVIDING CARE TO ALL MEMBERS
OF THE FAMILY
4. SEEKING HEALTH CARE
5. DEALING EFFECTIVELY HEALTH
AND NON-HEALTH SITUATION
CONCEPT OF FAMILY
Psychological:
Composed of two or more people who
are emotionally involved with each other
and live in a close geographical
proximity.
Sociological:
A social group characterized by common
residence, economic cooperation and
reproduction. It includes both sexes, at
least two of who maintain and approve
sexual relationship, and with one or
more children. ( Murdock, 1949)

facilities)
Gay (with gay parents and adopted children)
Biological:
Group of persons united by ties of
marriage, blood or adoption,
constituting a single household,
interacting and communicating with
each other in their respective social roles
of husband and wife, mother and father,
son and daughter, brother and sister,
and creating and maintaining a common
culture.
Filipino Family
Happiness is being with the family.
The Filipino family is closely-knit, where
strong ties are maintained even after the
children have married.
Faithfulness to the family is a tradition
that is characteristic of Filipino society.
TYPES OF FAMILY
Nuclear family:
conjugal family or family of procreation
Extended family:
Grandparents, married offspring, and
grandchildren.
Extended family or Three –generational
family
Childless family
Single – parent family
Grandparent-led family
Step – parent family
Blended or reconstituted family (with children
from previous relationships)
Cohabiting / Live – in
3
Communal family (two families with the same
FAMILY BY RESIDENCE
Patrilocal- requires the newlywed couple to
live with the family of the groom or near the
residence of the parents of the groom.
Matrilocal- requires the newlywed couple
to live with or near the bride’s parents.
Bilocal- provides the newlywed couple the
choice of staying with either the groom’s or
bride’s parents.
Neolocal- permits the couple to reside
independently from their parents.
FAMILY BY DESCENT
Patrilineal - affiliates a person with a group
of relatives through his/her father.
Matrilineal- affiliates a person with a group
of relatives through his/her mother.
Bilateral- affiliates a person with a group of
relatives related through both his or her
parents.
FAMILY BY AUTHORITY
Patriarchal- authority is vested in the
oldest male in the family.
Matriarchal- authority is vested in the
oldest female in the family.
Egalitarian- the husband and wife exercise
equal amount of authority.
STAGES OF FAMILY DEVELOPMENT
1. Beginning Family
2. Early Childbearing
 3. Family with Pre-school Maintaining kin ties with older and
4. Family with School-age younger generations.
5. Family with Teens & young adults
6. Launching Center 8. Aging Family
7. Middle yrs. / post parental Family Coping with bereavement and living
8. Aging Family alone.
Closing the family home.
Adjusting to retirement.

1. Beginning Family
Establishing a mutually satisfying TETANUS TOXOID
relationship.
Adjusting to pregnancy and the promise
of parenthood.
Fitting into the kin network.

2. Early Childbearing
Having, adjusting to, and encouraging
the development of infants.
Establishing a satisfying home for both
parents and infants.

3. Family with Pre-school child

Adapting to the critical needs and
interests of preschool children in
stimulating and growth promoting
ways.
Coping with energy depletion and lack
of privacy as parents.

4. Family with School-age child

Fitting into the community of school-
aged families in constructive ways.
Encouraging children’s school Family Health Nursing Process
achievement.

5. Family with teenagers and young adults
Balancing freedom with responsibility
as teenagers mature and emancipate
themselves.
Establishing post-parental interests and
careers as growing parents.
6. Launching Center
Releasing young adults into work,
military service, college and marriage
with appropriate rituals and assistance.
Maintaining a supportive home base.
7. Middle years Family
Rebuilding the marriage relationship.
4
Rationales for focusing on the Family as
a Basic Unit of Care
1. The family is considered the nature and
fundamental unit of society.
2. The family as a group generate, prevent,
tolerate and correct health problem
within its membership.
3. The health problems of family members
are interlocking.
4. The family is the most frequent locus of
health decisions and actions in personal
care.
 5. The family is an effective and available
channel for much of the community
health nursing effort.

Family Health Nursing

Level of CHN practice directed or
focused on the family as a unit of care,
with health as the goal, and nursing as
the medium, channel or provider of care

Primary Concern of FHN

Develop and strengthen the F’s ability to
Cope Effectively with Health Problems.
Family Health Nursing Process
Nurse’s Roles in Family Health Nursing Deliberate and systematic set of actions
that standardizes the nurses approach in
1. Health Monitor an attempt to effect improvement in
2.Provider of Care to A Sick Family Member Family’s status and increase
3. Coordinator of Family Services capabilities to cope with health
4. Facilitator problems.
5. Teacher
6. Counselor

Family Health Tasks By Freeman:

1. Recognize the interruptions of health

development.
2. Making decisions about taking
appropriate actions to maintain wellness
or manage HLT problems.
3. Providing nursing care to the sick,
disabled and/or dependent members of
the family.
4. Maintaining a home environment
conducive to health maintenance and Family Assessment
personal development.
5. Maintaining a reciprocal relationship Nurse measures:
with the community and its institution. • Status of the family as a client.
6. Managing developmental or situational • Ability to maintain itself as a system and
crisis. a functioning unit.
7. Utilizing community resources for health • Ability to maintain wellness, prevent,
care. control or resolve problems.

Family Case Load

Number and kind of Families a nurse
handles at a given time.

Nursing Process

5
 Health and Nursing Problem
HP- Situation or condition that interferes with
promotion of health and recovery from illness
or injury.

NP- Situation or condition that interferes with

promotion of health and recovery from illness
or injury which is subject to modification
through nursing interventions.

2 Levels of Assessment
Data Gathering Tools In Family
Assessment 1St Level Assessment
1. Observation
2. Physical Examination • The Nurse collects the Initial
3. Interview
Data Base of the Family.
4. Record Review
5. Actual laboratory exam and findings
• Process whereby existing and
potential Health Problems of the
Steps in Family Assessment family are identified.

Data Analysis Family Structure Characteristics and

Sub-steps:
1. Sorting of data for broad categories.
2. Clustering of related cues to determine
the relationships between and among
data.
3. Distinguishing relevant from irrelevant
data.
4. Identifying patterns.
5. Comparing patterns with norms or
standards.
6. Interpreting results of comparisons to
determine categories of HLT problem.
7. Making inferences or draw conclusions
about the reasons for the existence of
the health condition.
Sort Data
Cluster related data
Distinguish relevant from irrelevant
Identify patterns
Compare patterns with norms or standards
Interpret results
Make inference or draw conclusions
SCDICIM
Dynamics
Socio-economic and cultural
characteristics
Home and environment
Health status of each member
Values and practices on health
promotion, maintenance and disease
prevention.
2nd Level Assessment
• The Nurse collects data that
reflects the extent to which the
family can perform the health
tasks on each health problem.
• Process whereby existing and
potential Nursing Problems of
the family are identified.
• The family’s Perception of the problem.
• Decisions made and appropriateness.
• Actions taken and results.
• Effects of decisions and actions on other
family members.

6
 ○ Head of the Family : Pedro Iballa, 56 y/o,
widower

○ Mother: Rosalina Iballa, 53 y/o (deceased)

○ First child: Raul, 36 y/o, male, single

○ Second child:Renato, male (died when he

was only 11 months)

○ Third child: Marylin, 32 y/o, female, married

○ Fourth child: Marilou, 30 y/o, female,

married

○ Fifth child:Janet, 28 y/o, female, married

Categories of Nursing Problems
1. Inability to recognize the presence of the
condition or problem due to…
2. Inability to make decisions with respect
to making appropriate health actions
due to…
3. Inability to provide adequate nursing
care to the sick, disabled, dependent or
vulnerable member of the family due
to…
4. Inability to provide a home environment
conducive to health maintenance and
personal development due to…
• Extended Family
• Both the head of the family and his wife
are involved in the decision-making, but
when the wife died, the head of the
family assumed all the decision-making
process.
• Family relationship is still good despite
the death of the mother; the members of
the family have an open communication
with the head of the family.
B. Socio-economic & Cultural
characteristics
• Head: Pedro Iballa, elementary
graduate, vendor of vegetables

5. Failure to utilize community resources • Mother: Elementary undergraduate

due to… (grade 5); deceased

Example of IDB • First child: College undergraduate (1st

yr college); unemployed
A. Family Structure, Characteristics and
Dynamics • Second child: Deceased

• Family is composed of nine (9) • Third child: College graduate

members. The father, four (4) children,
one (1) son in-law, and three (3)
grandchildren. Among the children, one
(1) is already dead, the other one (1) is
living within the family and the other
three (3) have their own families—(one
lives within the house and the other two
have their own house).
(commerce); housewife
• Fourth child: College undergraduate
(3rd yr college); housewife
• Fifth child: 2nd yr college at present
(commerce)

7
 • The son in-law living within the house
also contributes in the financial needs of
the family.
• Family income: Php 2,000 per month,
and sometimes, it depends upon the
income of the head of the family from
selling vegetables at the market and
from the contributions that the son in-
law gives.
• All family members are Roman Catholic
C. Home and Environment
Housing
Adequacy of living space
• The house measures approximately 5m x 5m
• There is an enough space for the living room
and dining area.
• The house is composed of 2 rooms, the head
of the family and the first child (Raul) occupies
one room and the third child (Marylin)
together with her 3 children and husband
occupies the second room.
Presence of breeding or resting sites of
vectors of diseases
Flies and mosquitoes enters freely into
the house due to lack of screen on the
door and windows
There are empty open jars at the
backyard, Presence of accident hazards
The house is made up of wood and nipa
that may predispose the members of the
family into accident (fire)
Housing
Food storage & cooking facilities
They are using Tupperware and plastic
containers for food storage
They use charcoal in cooking.
Water supply
Community owned deep well, potable
Toilet facility
Water-sealed, owned by the family
Garbage/refuse disposal
Their refuse are being burned at the
back of the house
8
Drainage system
Open drainage
Kind of Neighborhood
The neighborhood is congested
Social and health facilities available
There is a functional barangay health
center in their community.
When the services in the barangay
health center are inadequate, referral is
made for them to consult the RHU
physician.
Communication and transportation facilities
available.
Pedicab and tricycle are available for
transportation.
Telephone is available at the sari-sari
store.
D. Health Status of Each Family Member
• Head of the family verbalized that he
seldom experiences illness.
• The first child, Raul, often complains of
back and stomach problems, but he is at
good condition at present.
• Nutritional assessment: They usually eat
fish and vegetables rather than meat and
beef, and they seldom include fruits in
their meals.
• Risk factor assessment: The head of the
family is a moderate cigarette smoker and
is a chronic drinker for the past 12 years,
but at present, he limits these habits
because he knows the bad effects that it
could bring. (3 sticks/day; drinks alcohol
at least 2x a week)
E. Values, Habits, Practices on Health
Promotion
Immunization: All children had
completed the immunization.
Mother had the complete dose of
Tetanus Toxoid vaccine.
Adequacy of:
– Rest and sleep: adequate; they even
have a time to take a nap in the
afternoon.
 – Exercise/activities: less activity and
time for exercise.
– Use of protective measures: have
adequate footwear in parasite-
infested areas, lack of screen on the
door and windows, for protection
against mosquitoes and insects but
they use mosquito nets.
Whenever a family member is ill, they
would directly go to the health center for
initial assessment and if referral to the
RHU is given, they would immediately
go there for check-up.
Formulation of Family/ Nursing
Problem
HEALTH PROBLEM- a situation or
condition that interferes with the
promotion of health and/or
maintenance and recovery from illness
or injury.
NURSING PROBLEM- a situation or
condition which interferes with the
promotion of health maintenance and
recovery from illness and injury and
which is subject to modification through
nursing intervention.
1st LEVEL OF ASSESSMENT
TYPOLOGY OF HEALTH PROBLEMS IN
FAMILY HEALTH CARE
1. Wellness State
2. Health Threat
3. Health Deficit
4. Foreseeable Crisis / Stress Points
2nd LEVEL OF ASSESSMENT
TYPOLOGY OF NURSING PROBLEMS IN
FAMILY HEALTH CARE
1. Inability to recognize the presence of the
problem due to..
2. Inability to make decisions with respect
to taking appropriate health actions due
to..
9
3. Inability of provide nursing care to the
sick, disabled and dependent family
member due to..
4. Inability to provide a home environment
which is conducive to health
maintenance and personal development
due to..
5. Failure to utilize community resources
for health care due to..
Example of Health Problem
Presence of Health Threat
Poor Home/Environmental
Condition/Sanitation
Presence of breeding or resting sites of
vectors of diseases.
Cue: They have open drainage at the
back of their house. There have empty
open jars with water at their backyard.
Inadequate living space
Cue: There are only two bedrooms, and
the size of one bedroom is inadequate to
accommodate five (5) members of the
family.
Improper garbage/refuse disposal
Cue: Their refuse are being burned at
the back of the house.
Presence of Health Threats
Accident Hazards
Fire Hazards
Cue: The house is mainly made up of
nipa and wood and the spacing of the
neighbourhood house can predispose to
fire hazards.
Broken stairs
Cue: The stairs which is made up of
wood is broken.
Unhealthful Lifestyle and Personal
Habits/Practices
Alcohol drinking and cigarette/tobacco
smoking
Cue: The head of the family is a
moderate cigarette smoker and is a
chronic drinker for the past 12 yrs., but
at present, he limit these habits -- (3
sticks/day; drinks alcohol at least 2x a
week)
Presence of Stress points
Parenthood
Cue: Single parenting due to death of his
wife.
A.Poor Home/Environmental
Condition/Sanitation
1. Presence of breeding or resting sites of
vectors of diseases.
» Inability to provide a home environment
conducive to health maintenance and
personal development due to lack/
inadequate knowledge of importance of
hygiene and sanitation.
2. Inadequate living space
» Inability to provide a home environment
conducive to health maintenance and
personal development due to inadequate
family resources specifically:
-financial
-limited physical resources
3.Improper garbage/refuse
disposal.
» Inability to provide a home environment
conducive to health maintenance and
personal development due to failure to
see benefits (specifically long-term ones)
of investment in home environment
improvement.
10
B. Accident Hazards
1. Fire Hazards
» Inability to provide a home environment
conducive to health maintenance and
personal development due to inadequate
family resources specifically:
-financial constraint
-limited physical resources
2. Broken stairs
» Inability to provide a home environment
conducive to health maintenance and
personal development due to inadequate
family resources specifically:
-financial constraint
-limited physical resources
C. Unhealthful Lifestyle and Personal
Habits/Practices
1. Alcohol drinking and cigarette/tobacco
smoking.
» Inability to make decisions with respect
to taking appropriate health action due
to failure to comprehend the
nature/magnitude of the
problem/condition.
Parenthood
» Inability to make decisions with respect
to taking appropriate health action due
to low salience of the problem/ due to
feeling of confusion, helplessness and/
or resignation brought about by
perceived severity of the problem.
 4. The NCP is based upon identified health
and nursing problems.

5. The NCP is a means to an end, not an

end itself.

6. The NCP is a continuous process, not a

one-shot deal.

Desirable Qualities Of A FNCP

1. It should be based on clear, explicit

Developing The Family Care Plan definition of the problems.
2. A good plan is realistic.
FAMILY NSG CARE PLAN- is the blueprint of 3. The NCP is prepared jointly with the
care that the nurse designs to systematically family.
minimize or eliminate the identified health and 4. The NCP is most useful in written form.
family nursing problems.
Importance of Planning Care

1. It individualizes care to client/ family.

2. It help in setting priorities.
3. It promotes systematic communication
among those involved in the health care
effort.
4. Continuity of care is facilitated.
5. NCP facilitates coordination of care.

Steps In Developing FNCP

1. Prioritization of problems.
2. Formulation of Goals and Objectives.
3. Selection of appropriate Nursing
Intervention.
4. Development of the Evaluation plan.

Prioritization Of Problems

Scale for Ranking Health Problems According

to Priorities (Bailon & Maglaya)
Characteristics Of The FNCP:
1. The NCP focuses on actions which are 1. Nature of the HLT Problem
designed to solve or minimize existing 2. Modifiability of the HP
problem. 3. Preventive Potential
4. Salience
2. The NCP is a product of deliberate
systematic process.
Formulation Of Goals And Objectives
3. The NCP, as with all other plans, relates
to the future.

11

GOAL- is a general statement of the condition
or state to be brought about by specific courses
of action.
OBJECTIVES- refer to more specific
statements of the desired results or outcome of
care. It should specify the physical,
psychosocial states of F behavior.
Objectives:
1. Short-term- formulated for problem
situations which require immediate
attention and results can be observed in
a relatively short period of time.
2. Medium-term- or intermediate are those
which are not immediately achieved and
are required to attain the long term
ones.
3. Long term- require several N-F contact
and an investment of more resources.
Barriers To Joint Goal Setting:
1. Failure on the part of the Family to
perceive the existence of the problem.
2. The F may realize the existence of a HLT
condition or problem but is too busy at
the moment with other concerns and
preoccupations.
3. Sometimes the F perceives the existence
of a problem but does not see it as
serious enough to warrant attention.
12
4. The F may perceive the presence of the
problem and the need to take action. It
may be possible however to refuse to
face and do something about the
situation.
5. A big barrier to collaborative goal setting
is failure to develop a working
relationship.
Developing the Intervention Plan
It involves selection of appropriate
Nursing Interventions based on the
formulated goals and objectives.
PHN decides on Nursing actions to
eliminate the barriers of the
performance of the HLT tasks.
Include the categories of interventions,
N-F contact and the resources needed.
Selection Guide For Appropriate
Nursing Interventions:
1.
Analyze with the F the current situation
and determine choices and possibilities.
2. Develop Family’s competencies as
Thinker, Doer and Feeler.
3. Focus on interventions to help perform
the HLT tasks.
4. Catalyze behavior change through
motivation and support.
Catalyze behavior change through motivation
and support.
Experience or information that
maintains, restore or enhance the
capabilities or resources of family to
complete the change process.
Experience or information that leads the
family to desire and agree to undergo
behaviour change or proposed measure
and take initial action to bring about
change.
 Categories of Interventions in FNCP Evaluation Plan

1. Preventive 1. Criteria- refers to the signs or indicators

2. Curative that tell if the objectives are achieved.
3. Rehabilitative 2. Standard- criterion against which actual
4. Facilitative performance is compared.
5. Direct intervention
» Malnourished Child
Methods of N-F contact 1. Criteria- weight
2. Standard- increase in weight of two or
1. Home visit more pounds per month.
2. Clinic visit
3. Conference » Pregnant mother
4. School visit 1. Criteria- prenatal check-up
5. HLT classes 2. Standard- follow schedule of prenatal
visit.
Resources Needed
» Mother with NB
Material 1. Criteria- Cord Care
– Supplies 2. Standard- follow the steps provided by
the nurse.
– Equipment
– Teaching aids
» TB patient
– Handout
1. Criteria- Compliance to medication
– Chart
2. Standard- take the prescribed
Human
medications according to schedule.
– CHWs
– Community Leaders
– Family Family Health Nursing Process

Implementation Evaluation

The N experiences with the F a lived Evaluation is the phase which is

meaningful world of mutual dynamic concerned with the determination of
interchange of meanings, concerns, whether the objectives set were attained
perceptions, biases, emotions and skills. or to what degree they were attained.

Barriers To Implementation Dimensions of Evaluation

1. The family becomes APATHETIC. 1. Effectiveness- attainment of objectives.

2. The family’s indecision about use of the 2. Efficiency- save time, effort and money.
interventions to solve the problem. 3. Appropriateness- ability to correct and
solve problems.
Formulation of Evaluation Plan 4. Adequacy- activities were implemented.

It specifies the criteria and standards of Importance of Evaluation

outcome as explicit measure that
determine achievement of formulated 1. To eliminate or stop the continued
goals and objectives. performance of useless activities and
interventions.

13
 2. To increase the efficiency of nursing 3. Facilitates the delivery of continuous
interventions. care to the individual patient or family.

3. To provide documentation of nursing 4. Records are an important source for

efforts and justification of cost of
nursing services.
4. To provide growth of the profession and
refinement of nursing practice.
Quantitative and Qualitative Evaluation
1. Quantitative- evaluation is done in
terms of quantity or number of services
or activities performed.
2. Qualitative- interventions are evaluated
through resources, process and
outcome.
Steps in Evaluation
1. Establish a baseline in terms of health
problem areas of an individual patient
or the entire family.
2. Define the objectives of nursing care in
terms of client outcomes.
3. Determine the criteria and standard of
evaluation.
4. Decide on the methods of evaluation and
sources of data.
5. Compare the actual situation with the
criteria and standard of evaluation.
research data.
Problems of Records
1. Attitude towards records and recording.
2. Quality of records.
3. Utilization of records.
4. Administrative and logistical support.
» …By being expert in caring,
nurses must take over and transform the
notion of expertise. Expert caring has
nothing to do with possessing privileged
information that increases one’s control
and domination of another. Rather,
expert caring unleashes the possibilities
inherent in the self and the situation.
Expert caring liberates and facilitates in
such a way that the one caring is
enriched in the process…
THANKYOU!

Recording and Reporting

1. Records- refer to forms on which
information pertaining to I and F are
noted.

2. Reports- refer to the periodic

summaries of the services of the DOH or
to the analysis of certain phases of work.

Purpose of Records

1. They document the care rendered to the

patient and/or family.

2. They serve as a tool for planning and

evaluating care.

14