Before we start

Rock Oxygen River

Animals Ocean
Soil
Mountain Clouds Human

Pond Plants Nitrogen

What do you think of this
words?
 Four Spheres
Thunderstorm Volcano Draw four
Lake Greenhouse gases circles in
Forest Stone the
Desert Gold whiteboard
Bird Saltwater and
Wave Limestone categorize
Carbon dioxide Fog these
Bird words
Learning Outcomes

Students will learn the following:

1. The composition and uses of the gases

in the air
2. The sources of air pollution,
particularly carbon monoxide, sulfur
dioxide and the oxides of nitrogen
3. The problems of air pollution, and
their solution
4. Greenhouse gases and climate change
5. Water treatment
6. Metal ores and limestone
7. Fossil fuels and the problems they
cause
Let’s refresh
your memory

Planet Earth

In your own
rotates. This is
why we have
night and day.

words, what is
CHEMISTRY?
In your own
words, what is
CHEMISTRY?
2 minutes to give an answer
Chemistry

Chemistry is the study of matter

(properties, composition and
structure), the changes it
undertakes and the energy
accompanied by these changes.
Chemistry of Planet Earth

How can you use chemistry in

the study of the Planet Earth?
What are the
components of
atmosphere,
hydrosphere and Earth tilts to one side.
lithosphere? This causes seasons.

What human
activities are
harming Earth?
Give examples
Chemistry of Planet Earth

Earth is the source of

all chemicals and
materials that we use.
The air in the
atmosphere, the
water in our seas and Earth tilts to one side.
This causes seasons.
lakes, the chemicals
in the rocks of our
Earth’s crust provide
us with all that we
need.
 Atmosphere
Earth’s atmosphere have
undergone a lot of changes.
 Atmosphere Earth’s atmosphere have
undergone a lot of changes.
• Photosynthesising lifeforms
introduced oxygen to the
atmosphere.
• Carbon dioxide is deposited in
sedimentary rocks. Some carbon
from lifeforms are trapped as fossil
fuels.
• Ammonia reacts with oxygen with
consumptions from bacteria
creating nitrogen gas
• The water (steam) condensed into
oceans and other bodies of water
Composition of Air

Other %
gases
Carbon 0.04
dioxide

Argon 0.9

Water vapour, 0.06

Xenon,
Helium, Neon,
Krypton etc.
 Nitrogen
-Manufacturing of ammonia
and fertilisers in the Haber
process.
-Liquid nitrogen is used in
cryogenics
-Present in bags of chips and
other snacks

-Production of steel from cast

iron
-Cutting and welding of metals
(oxyacetylene torches)
-Oxygen tanks

Oxygen
Other gases

-Argon in light bulbs

-Neon, Xenon and
other noble gases are
used in advertising
sign

Water vapor condenses

Carbon dioxide that is as rain which is
used by humans is not collected and used by
usually from the air but humans in different
from minerals human activities
 Pollution of the Air

What human activities

or products is
damaging the
atmosphere?
 Acid rain
Other compounds
Burning (Combustion) contributing to acid
rain:
sulfur + oxygen  sulfur dioxide -Oxides of nitrogen
S + O2  SO2 -Carbon monoxide

sulfur dioxide + rain water  acid rain (sulfurous acid)

SO2 + H2O H2SO3

Some effects of acid rain

 Control of Acid Rain
Pollution can be transferred from one place to another. Wind can carry
these pollutants.

Remedy:
Add lime to lakes and
surrounding lands to balance
the acidity.

Solution:
Prevent the release of
these gases
 Pollution in Air: Incomplete combustion
Complete combustion: there is a sufficient amount of oxygen for the
chemical reaction
Incomplete combustion: there is an insufficient amount of oxygen for
the chemical reaction

Nitrogen dioxide – causes acid rain

and photochemical smog
Carbon monoxide– causes acid rain
and photochemical smog.
-highly toxic, it reacts with
haemoglobin which stops the
oxygen to be carried by the blood
 Control of Fumes from Cars

Catalytic Converters
GLOBAL WARMING

Have you been in

a greenhouse?
How does it
Or have you rode in a feel?
car exposed in the Sun
for a while?
https://climatekids.nasa.gov/greenhouse-effect/

GREENHOUSE EFFECT
 Pollution in Air

GLOBAL WARMING

ACID RAIN

Photochemical smog

Unburnt Carbon Sulfur

Oxides of Carbon
Hydrocarbon monoxide Methane
Nitrogen dioxide dioxide
fuels
What is the difference of greenhouse
effect and global warming?
• The gases we mentioned earlier are causing
global warming due to green house effect.
• Earth is warmed by the Sun and the heat does
not quickly escape because of our atmosphere.
• The reason why it is colder during clear night
because there is no clouds to keep the heat in.
• Gases, if there is too much in the atmosphere,
the Earth will get warmer. This will rise to a
lot more of problems.
• Global warming (or enhanced greenhouse
effect) and climate change are some of the
problems that can do further damage.
Glaciers, Polar ice melts; Rising sea
level; Floods in low lying areas
Surface temperature increase; Less
water, deserts will spread
Severe and frequent weather events
Difficult to grow crops
Clean Air Pie Chart
• The students need to recall the
percentages and divide the circle
to create a pie chart. The students
need to properly divide the chart
by applying their previous
knowledge.
• The students will divide the pie
chart and label it in the board
according to relative percentages
of gases.

Follow-up question:
Name other gases that exist in
unpolluted and polluted air.
 Carbon dioxide and methane: How
will we decrease?
• Carbon dioxide – Released in air
through burning and respiration;
removed by plants during
photosynthesis.
• Methane – product of anaerobic decay
of organic matter. It is produced
mainly in rice fields, landfills, cattle,
swine and poultry farms, termites.
 Atmospheric pollution
• Cut outs of words (global
warming, acid rain, photochemical
smog, oxides of nitrogen, unburnt
hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide,
sulphur dioxide, carbon dioxide
and methane)
• Properly attach it to the board in
the correct arrangement.
 Lightning Strikes
• Nitrogen and Oxygen gas exist in the atmosphere as N2 and O2
respectively. When lightning strikes, the created compounds are nitric
oxide, NO, and nitrogen dioxide NO2.
• Nitrogen dioxide, NO2, dissolves and reacts with rainwater during
thunderstorms.
• Based on the table below, What conclusion can be made from the
results?
• Give a chemical equation of the product produced in thunderstorms.
• Create an equation for the reaction of these compounds when it
reacts with water.

Sample of water pH

Pure water obtained in the laboratory 7

Rainwater collected when no storm 5

occurred
Rainwater collected during thunderstorm 4
Water treatment
 Experiment
• The procedure in Activity C1.02 will be used for this
experiment with some modifications
• Measure twenty five millilitres of mineral water and
add different salts available in the lab. It will be boiled
until dried up.
• Pre-lab questions:
• What will happen to the mixture after boiling?
• Add a few drops of hydrochloric acids.
• Post-lab questions:
• Why is there a deposit at the bottom of the
beaker? What does this tell you?
• Create a possible method to purify water by the
knowledge you get in this experiment.
Why do we need water treatment?
Can you give simple processes that
can treat water?
 Simple water purification
techniques in the laboratory

•Filtration
•Decantation
•Distillation
 Water treatment
• Water can contain dissolved salts, solid
particles and bacteria.
• Common and simple water purification
process is designed to remove solid particles
and bacteria.
• Solid particles can be removed by
filtration.
• Chlorine were added to water to kill
bacteria.
• Salts can be removed by distillation.
• Figure C1.06 in your books shows a modern
water treatment.
 Purifying water
• Screens – for straining
rubbish or garbage
(plastics, leaves, branches,
metals, etc.)
• Ozone – disinfects water
and can remove insecticides
• Precipitator – Coagulants
are added to precipitate
impurities and other
contaminants
 Purifying water

• Rapid gravity sand filters –

• Activated carbon – can absorb
chemicals
• Microstrainers -
 Different water
• Distilled water – all dissolved solids are removed.
• Purified water – water undergone the different process of
water purification but there are still dissolved solids
• Dissolved solids such as calcium, potassium, iodine
etc., can aid in health
• In industry, water is used as solvent, to cool down
reactions, or transfer heat from one part to another.
• Figure C1.07 Shows the average uses of water in UK home
 Desalination
• There are countries that converts seas or saltwater to drinkable water
either by distillation or reverse osmosis. Theses processes are costly.
 Activity: Water purification device
design
• Students will form a group and brainstorm on a
portable device to purify or treat water.
• The different concepts on water treatment should be
considered. They can draw their design and show it to
class.
• The group will discuss the design they created.
• The design should be doable in the science lab.
• The students need to list the materials they need based
on the design they made.
Earth’s Crust: What
can you get from it?
 Earth’s crust
• Thickness: 5 to
about 50 km
• This were we get
the:
• soil for growing
our crops
• Metals from ores
• Rocks we need
for buildings and
constructions
• Fossil fuels
Limestone uses
Can you name
them?
 Ca(OH)2 + CO2 ⇾ CaCO3 + H2O
Limestone

Ca(OH)2  CaO+H2O

2CaCO3 +O2 -> 2CaO + 3CO2

 Earth’s resources
• Many materials we collect from earth are non-
renewable
• Fossil fuels
• Metal ores
• Limestone
• Other materials can last forever but if we misuse it, we
will have problems
• Clean air can become polluted
• Fresh water
• Global warming

• What can you do to help?

CATEGORIES:
Learning Outcomes

Students will learn the following:

1. The composition and uses of the gases

in the air
2. The sources of air pollution,
particularly carbon monoxide, sulfur
dioxide and the oxides of nitrogen
3. The problems of air pollution, and
their solution
4. Greenhouse gases and climate change
5. Water treatment
6. Metal ores and limestone
7. Fossil fuels and the problems they
cause