MQTT AND OSI MODEL EXPLANATION

MQTT AND OSI MODEL

MQTT
MQTT stands for Message Queuing Telemetry Transport. It is a lightweight messaging protocol
designed for small sensors and mobile devices, making it ideal for Internet of Things (IoT)
applications. MQTT operates on a publish/subscribe model, which allows devices to publish
messages to a broker and subscribe to topics to receive messages.

KEY FEATURES OF MQTT:

• Lightweight Messaging Protocol: Optimized for high-latency or unreliable networks.
• Publish/Subscribe Model: Enables decoupled communication between devices.
• Designed for IoT Devices: Ideal for constrained devices with limited bandwidth and
power.
• Quality of Service Levels: Offers three levels of message delivery guarantees:
◦ At most once (0): Fastest, but no guarantee of delivery.
◦ At least once (1): Guarantees delivery but may result in duplicate messages.
◦ Exactly once (2): Guarantees delivery and ensures no duplicates, but with higher
overhead.
• Retained Messages: Allows messages to be retained by the broker for new subscribers.
• Last Will and Testament: Enables notification to other clients in case of an unexpected
disconnection.

OSI MODEL
The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model is a conceptual framework used to understand
and standardize the functions of a telecommunication or computing system without regard to its
underlying internal structure and technology. The model is divided into seven layers, each
serving a specific function.

LAYERS OF THE OSI MODEL:

• Application Layer: The top layer where applications access network services, which
includes protocols like MQTT.
• Presentation Layer: Transforms data to provide a standard interface for the Application
layer.
• Session Layer: Manages sessions between applications.
• Transport Layer: Provides reliable or unreliable delivery, and performs error correction
before retransmit. Commonly, MQTT uses TCP/IP at this layer.
• Network Layer: Handles routing of the data.
• Data Link Layer: Provides node-to-node data transfer.
• Physical Layer: Concerned with the physical connection between devices.
This mind map provides a visual representation of the MQTT protocol and its place within the
OSI model, highlighting its application in IoT devices and the underlying network layers that
support it.