PRINCIPLES OF PLUMBING

PLUMBING
– art & technique of installing pipes, fixtures, and other apparatuses in building for supply and removing of liquids,
substances, ingredients.
– Governed and enacted by Republic Act 1378 (Plumbing Law)
– Plumbing law mandates the implementation of NPCP
– As per the Revised NPCP, in History of Plumbing Practice, originally, before NPCP, it is Plumbing Law of the
Philippines
PVMPreCoAtMaDNWaETSProCAWRIIN
PRINCIPLE 1 – A supply of pure and wholesome water, not connected with unsafe water supply, and not subjected to
hazards of backflow/back-siphonage for all human habitation premises.
PRINCIPLE 2 – Water sufficient volume and pressure for fixtures, devices, and appurtenances to function satisfactorily
and without undue noise
PRINCIPLE 3 – Designed & adjusted to min. quantity of water w/ proper performance and cleaning
PRINCIPLE 4 – Devices for heating & storing water prevent from explosion from overheating
PRINCIPLE 5 – Every building na may public sewer, dapat connected yung plumbing fixtures sa sewer system
PRINCIPLE 6 – Kada family dwelling unit may at least 1 water closet, kitchen type sink, lavatory, bathtub or shower to
meet the basic requirements of sanitation and personal hygiene
PRINCIPLE 7 – Fixtures should be made of smooth non-absorbent material free from concealed fouling surfaces and
located in ventilated enclosures
PRINCIPLE 8 – Dapat designed, constructed and maintained yung drainage system to safeguard against (1) Fouling;
(2) deposit of solids; (3) clogging; and (4) with adequate cleanouts
PRINCIPLE 9 – All pipings, should be durable NAMPAP-APPROVED materials, (1) free from defective workmanship;
(2) designed and constructed by Registered Master Plumber for satisfactory service
PRINCIPLE 10 – water-sealed trap for each fixtures connected to drainage system
PRINCIPLE 11 – Drainage pipes piping system should be designed to provide adequate circulation of air free from (1)
siphonage; (2) aspiration/forcing of trap seals under ordinary use
PRINCIPLE 12 – Vent terminals should be extended to the outer air and installed to prevent clogging & return of foul air
PRINCIPLE 13 – Plumbing system must be tested to disclose all the leaks and defects
PRINCIPLE 14 – Substance that clog pipes, produce explosive mixtures, destroy pipes/joints, interfere the sewage
disposal process, should not enter the building drainage system
PRINCIPLE 15 – Proper protection against contamination. Fixtures/Devices/Appliance should not directly connected
with the building drainage system
PRINCIPLE 16 – Water closet should only connected to properly lighted and ventilated room
PRINCIPLE 17 – For no sewer system, suitable provision should be provided for disposal of building sewage by accepted
method of sewage treatment and disposal, ex. septic tank
PRINCIPLE 18 – Plumbing drainage system with backflow of sewage, provision to prevent its overflow should be
provided
PRINCIPLE 19 – Plumbing system should be maintained by Registered Master Plumber
PRINCIPLE 20 – All plumbing fixtures should be installed properly spaced and accessible for intended use
PRINCIPLE 21 – Plumbing system Installed w/ regards to the preservation of strength of structural members, prevent
damage to walls and other surfaces
PRINCIPLE 22 – Sewage/other waste should not discharge into the ground/ any waterway unless first rendered and
subjection to acceptable form of treatment
PLUMBING CYCLE
- Small % of vol of water sa human consumption, the rest sa ice caps, glaciers, and oceans na
- Cycle to maintain and secure optimum supply of water
DIAGRAMATIC INTERPRETATION OF PLUMBING CYCLE

I. SOURCES OF WATER
- ex. lakes, rivers, reservoirs and dams
- large main distribution pipes [Manila Water and Maynilad]
II. SUPPLY
- portion of water distribution serves as water supply for small communities
- some subdivision has local water tank
III. DISTRIBUTION
- through network of underground pipes connected to main distribution pipes
IV. USE
- water can be use from plumbing fixtures connected by pipes
V. COLLECTION
- waste water are discharged and collected by different set of fixtures from waste water pipes to sewage
disposal system
VI. DISPOSAL
- waste water are disposed through sanitary sewer lines and storm water sewer lines
VII. TREATMENT
- waste water are treated in STP to remove harmful components that contaminates water
- treated water will discharged to natural bodies of water
- THE PROCESS WILL REPEAT
DIAGRAMMATIC INTERPRETATION OF WATER FUNCTION
- Shows the idea of water from supply to disposal
- From reservoir/dams to STP
- As the water supply distributed, network of pipes increases and coverage become wide
- More network of pipes for waste water
- Diagram further depicts the general function of each elements in Plumbing Cycle