SKRYPT -

ANGELSKi -
2 IMA
2021 I 2022

Spistresci : Legenda :

1
1 The human body Str synonimy Inf
synonyms dodatkowe od
→ -

.
. .

autorki
2 .
The anatomical position str .
5
→
liabapoiadynohl / mn°9a
-

singular / plural form siwypttenaon-ae-uykonenynabaaietresciomauiany.cn

→ ttumauenie na
2ajeciaehorazmateiiatowpodstauouy.ch
8
3 .
Skeleton
system Str .

czasown ik men Olenik

otnymenychwtraucieay.si .

pnymiotnik Mam nedaiqg.ae te

→ → >
notatuipomogcseuem w
-

'

4 The skin Str 10 pnygotowyweniu ow * olokuium tub

eyaeeminusemestralneyo
meine ohne Reni a
definite
.

.
→
.

+ La
ewentualnebieoiypreprasaam .

5 Respiratory system stir 13 B- Kurmi

ernyk
. .
→ prefixes sufixes and roots
,

→
stopnioeueniepnymiotnikow
1. The human body -

part 1

calf calves Tydke Tydki composed of following

-
•

The human the

-

is
body main
, →

parts :

•
foot feet -

the heard the trunk the and lower limbs

, ,
upper
abdomen stomach
belly tummy face
- -
•

cheeks mouth
The includes the
eyebrow
-

→
nose , , , ,
•
cubital fossa -
dot
tokciouy eyelids eyelashes
,
•
chest thorax
form
-

→ The cells of the body combine to :

button
navel ambitious
bellybutton belly
•

tissues
-
- -
-

•
little finger •

organs
•

thigh -

who
systems
°

•
ankle toAkil -

The human
→
body :

•
heel -

pieta is
composed of
•

big toe Paluch -

•
is build
up of
"" "" is made
up of
•

•
arm it -

axilla -

pacha •
consist of
eyelid
•

"""""""""
•
little toe →
Tissues combine to form organs
•
nostril The forehead lies above the Goto lead one mi
→
had
eyes
-

popliteal fossa dot

podtolanouy
o -

→ The cheeks situated below the

are
eyes
•
buttock →
The head is ovoid in shape gtoeue jest oeuelnego
-
ksztattu
•
slain →
The oral cavity is bounded
by the lips
•
small of the back lower back -

lumbar region The head

by neck
-

to the trunk
isjoneol
→

loin
the thorax and abdomen separated by the diaphragm
→
are
torso trunk
body
• -
-

The
diaphragm dome-shaped muscle
→
is a
extremities and lower limbs
extremity upper the
•

limb
- -

is divided into three

-

→
the lower parts .

appendage appendages
- -

hollow at the
junction of
→ The groin is the the inner
•
lips -
mouth -

oral cavity part of the thigh and the trunk

ovoid in
•

shape oiuelnyksntatt -

•
dome -

shaped -

bnoputoeuetyksztatt
segments odcinki
• -

hollow
evgtpbienie
• -

groin pack wine

•
-

at the
junction w mieisiupotozaenia
•
-

•
inner part wewnptnnaugri -

tale
•
instep stopy podbicie
-

the sole
poole nine stopy
• -

.
 1. The human body 2
part
-

sharp →
I feel tingling
my legs
• -

acute -

ootry in

He euesn 't
stabbing piercing kiuigcy pnesnyeueiacy expecting a stab in the stomach
• -
- - →

•
radiating -

promieniujgcy
→ In the front mediastinum is bounded
by the sternum

backbone
vertebral column
spinal column spine and the
spine in the back at the bottom by the
• -
-
-

• to be affected byidotkniptym -

diaphragm and by the lungs on the right side

•

symptoms and the

left side
•
start -

begin -
commence -

appear
-
occur → poiauii rig "
""""" """ ""

" " "" """""""""" " " •

cranial
cavity • the abdominal cavity
to exacerbate make worse
•
the thoracic
cavity the abdominis pelvic cavity
agg rave
• → °
worsen
- - -

nesihei 601
pelvic cavity
→
•
the mediastinum •

°
to relieve -
alleviate -
make better -
ease -
soothe → Peritoneum -
serous membrane that encloses the

mitigate taegodaii internal organs the abdominis

pelvic cavity
-

in
-

•
to lift pick up- →
How is the thoracic
cavity separated into two parts ?

•
tingling pins and -
needles → mrouienie It is divided by the central cavity of the mediastinum
to to
do radiate to go to
spread to
•
ran move
- -
- -

promienioeuei
>
do Provide
antonyms
-

•
bend down -

schylai rip •
go away appear
-

boundary boundaries agraniaenia •

relieve pain aggravate
pain
- -
• -

•
sternum breastbone -
•
get up -

lie down
•
skull -
cranium
•
transverse process processes
-

•
serous membrane -
Atone surouicue
•
thoracic vertebra -
vertebrae

vagus
•
nerve

phrenic nerve

•
encloses -
otauai
trustKie
pancreas
• -

°
lubricate -
nauilaai

1. The human body -

part 3
Definitions :

•
cardiovascular system
→
A phalanx
-

any
bone of a finger or toe
•
digestive system →
what terminates the lower limb ?
•
endocrine → Groin is a inguinal part
•

lymphatic system
→
Armpit is a fossa under the deltoid muscle
•

reproductive systems
excrete excretion excretory
→ → →

urinary system
•

Iv d t
digits poke uydaielai uydaiehenie uydaielniay
-
•

phalanx -

phalanges palicaek -

→
circulate →
circulation →
circulatory
•
intestine -

bowel -

guts → digest
→
digestion →
digestive
salivary shinianki secrete secretion
glands secretary
• -
→ → →

•
a venule -
venules -

aytki
→ urinate → urination →
urinary
respire respiration
→
arteriole arterioles tptnicaki respiratory
→
•
a -
-
→

2
?⃝
•
a capillary capillaries naayniautosoiuete
- - →
Pharynx is the
passageway that connect the nose

•
oesophagus gullet food pipe and mouth with the trachea and the
oesophagus
-
-

• shoulder girdle
-

obrgabarkoeue → Ureter is the fibro muscular tube which

conveys
•
maintain life -

podtraymyiueiaigcie
-

sustain a life the urine from the

kidney to the bladder
o v02 ciqgai oip -

extend
→
articulation cartilage cartilaginous
joint
• - →

brain
join
→
• -
articulate -
> cerebral

stomach
the outermost
najbaudaieiaewnptnny →
gastric
• →
-

•
an adjective pertaining to →
pnymiotnik → vein → venous

odnonycy rip 0W . . .
→ intestine → intestinal
•
narrowing -

2wpjenie →
neck → carotid

•
rsaoknsglone snaptpbienie -
a rounded depression
→ liver →
hepatic
mandible → bone bony
jaw
• - →

elbow cubitus tokiei → ocular

eye
• - - →

•
hip -
ioxa →
trachea → tracheal

groin inguinal region

→
oesophagus oesophageal
• -
→

•
patella kneecap - →
spleen - >
splenic
•
wrist -

corpus
→
lungs -
>
pulmonary
•
buttock -

natisfpl . nates) -

postcode
• mesh
eeysypkd
-
Their team
comprises only proffesionals .

carotid artery tetniae

origine
• -

vein SUFFIX
jugular ayianyine
-

•
nope
-
Kann
-
itis -

inflammation of →
aepalenie
•
Adam 's apple us . laminitis -

aepalenietrtani
•

convey praeuoaii olootaraei

-

, ,
odaaeuei -
to
my
-

incision of -
>
operavia auiqaone 2 cipciem

trachea windpipe
•
as tracheotomy inweayinyaabiaguolraaniania
-
-
.

urinary trait waterworks

drogoddechouychpoleyag.gg no nacipciutduewicy
o -

shoulder blade I have neck because I had

scapula a suer
tracheotomy
•
on
my
-

larynx box
o voice
logy study of hankie dot
denejdaieolainy
-
>
- -
-
.

•
clavicle -

collarbone -

login -
a specialist in disease of specialista evdenei
→

•
back
passage
-

anus daieedainie chordb

o heart muscle -

myocardium as .

cardiologist -
heart
specialist
lith kemieri
lymphatic
nodes caucus , stone
eopatycutonne
° - - - -
>

lymphatic ducts -

pneuodychtonne eg .

nephroilith / renal calais / kidney stone -

kemierinerkouy
pathy any disease of Stan chorobouy aabunenie
→
accessory organs
•
- -

°
bile ducts -

pneuodyaitcioue us .

gastropathy -
stomach disease

bodily function funkuieaycioue abgia pain in bow

• - -
-
→ . . .

seuierai
o
comprise skiaolaioip us braehiahsia-rwenemienna-bolwuemie.mu
-

,
.

•
vermiform appendix -

uywstekrobautouy
•

pituitary gland hypophysis pnysaollue

- - eleidocootal -

refers to clavicle and ribs

°
an
ovary
→ ovaries -

iainik encephalitis inflammation of the -

brain
•
a testis → testes / a testicle →
testicles -

jadro phebology study of the veins -

•
iris -
> irides -

tpuowko

3
Translate :

1) Tutow
aauieraduiejamy odudaielone prepong :
jampkhetui piemiouej
i
jam bnusanis
two cavities
The trunk
comprises separated by the
diaphragm
2) Aaw
bavkouy e-
guy ramis
2 baiiuem

The shoulder to the shoulder

joint joins the arm

3) Kieoly gratemevtenisaauichmstemnogpwkootceiokieleaytemo.su Kobeno

when I tennis I
sprained my ankle and cut my knee
was
play .

4) Hicky pod no ng prams risks caujs Ooty 681 w barKui nie Mogg uyprootoeuei toKcia .

arm I feel a
When y raise
my right sharp pain in my shoulder and I can't extend my elbow .

5) Potosi rscenaleiodrach.sprobujayiaikohene.tn
ymai play proto
please ,
put your hands try to bend your knees keep your back
on
your hips , ,
straight .

6) kieayleieesnpnyblwuujpktujacybd-wkhetc.ie pievoiouej .

When is fast I feel piercing pain in my thoracic cavity / chest

run .

7) Prong potoayioig na bvhuchu i

uyprostoeuei nasi
Please , lie down on
your abdomen and straighten your legs .

8) kvggootup jest abuoweueny 2 33 bnnggsw

Vertebral column is built
up of 33 vertebrae .

9) kvggikmya.me Itone oip away ,

tworag brood
trying .

The sacral vertebrae

,
which are
fused form ,
the sauna bone .

10) Heide poi Hoang Kt one upri clingAny

allow me a
, tauy rig Aauouo 2
bnvggami piemiuymi i ,

Atone
piano no jest 2 most hiem

Each rib has which articulates with the thoracic vertebrae and cartilaginous
a osseous
part
part which with the breastbone
joins
.

111
Nauynia pouienchowneumieiscouione saw shone i thence podskornej
outcome

vessels are located in the skin and the subcutaneous tissue

121
The superficial
llhtad odd
lymph .

echoing stuaoue sis 2 jamynosouej Sandia Kotani tdueuioy onareeli i ptuo , , , ,

.

Respiratory system is composed of nasal cavity pharynx larynx trachea bronchi and lungs , ,
, ,

131 Do uluiaidutrauiennego alive 's pneudd

pokermoney I jam p Ustng ga rato pnetyk 261-901eh
2 n
, , , ,

jelito cienhie jelito grube)

, gmuotydodatuouefeuetrobp.tn ustkpi Ninian kit otnewnp
area i

The digestive system is

composed of the digestive
tract ( oral cavity ,
throat
, oesophagus ,

stomach small intestine and large intestine ) as well as glands ( the liver and
, ,
pancreas
salivary gland ) and
peritoneum
ly ) Uhtaol mouoeeo -

ptciouy shtaohl tip 2 lllltaolu mono was 0 ( nerki monoecious ppchen mououy
, ,

i cewkie mouwwa ) one 2

whiaowiptcioweyompbkieyoiaerishieo.io ,
2 kt
Ovych Heady 26
uoloeueny
jest nanyaowptciouychwewnptnnychiaewnptnny.ch
2 .

The genito unitary system is composed of the urinary system ( the kidneys ureters , , urinary
bladder and urethra ) as well the male and female reproductive of
systems each
as
,

which is built up of internal and external

organs .

151
gneuotydokvewneveywuyquieleuynnoru.org aniamu .

The endocrine lot of the

glands regulate a of functions body .

4
 {
rsatokawnpki -
hilar sinus
vasospasm
-

spasm of the blood vessels

cardiac orifice evpustsioipollue ! -

stomatahgia -

pain in the mouth

•
foramen foramina lot wort
-

hepatitis inflammation of the

-
liver
•
spermatozoon spermatozoa fplemnik plemniki)
- -

cheek buccal
pdiahouy
→ →
•
bronchus -

bronchi
° thorax -
thoraces / Her cheeks were wet with team
wrist carpal naolgarotlwuy
→
carpus >
- -

°
alveolus -
alveoli ( ppchenyhptucny)
mouth → oral
•

apex
-

apices ( uienchoteh )
umbilicus → umbilical
•
atrium atria
-

lpnedsionehl
""""" """•
"" " """ ""*.
°
canaliculus -

canaliculi ( komatik)
skin / cutis → cutaneous

•
embolus -
emboli Gator)
femur ( k . uoloeue) →
femoral
antebrachium antebrachial (
pneolramienng )
→
•

epiphysis epiphyses ( nasaohetoscidtuyiei )

-

•
gingiva
-

gingivae ( aaiqsto -

gum )
gluteus →
gluteal fposlieoluouy)
•
hallux -
halluces
auris -
ear → otic ( many )
o tritium -
hila
brachium → brachial ( vamienny )

•
scapula scapulae
-
occiput occipital lpotyliuny )
→

sole / foot
•

septum Septa -

( pnagroda) pedal fstopouy podeszuouy)

→
,

•
thrombus -
thrombi laaknep skreepline)
,
perineum perineal ltrououy) →

ante cubitus ante cubital ( pneoltokciouy)

→
0
viscus -
viscera financed tnewny )
•
cholelith -

gallstone -
temienieaiicioue hand cephalic
→

spasm
-

bnonuulsia , Shura,
spawn
Kiwi
eyes ophthalmic lovelier louny )
→

breast
pectoral lpiemoeey )
→

The anatomical position -

part 1

The anatomical position :

plane ptaszuyana
• -

•
frontal plane
→ The
body is upright
The arms are by the sides
→
•
transverse plane
→ The legs are
parallel to each other
•
sagittal plane
•
posher postand
-

o
lesions -2mi
any
forwards vs backwards
•
abrasions -

otarcia upwards us downwards

punctures nahtucia
-

☐ burns
opanenia
-
→
superficial -

nearer from the surface from the body

•

frostbite -

chilblain -

odmrosienia
→
Deep
-

from the surface from the body

farther
•
upright uyprootoeueny
-
→
Proximal
especially of limbs
-

from the trunk nearer

parallel rownolasiy Distal

especially of limbs farther from the trunk
• -
→ -

•
with reference to euodniesieniu do -
→ ventral -
the front
• caudal -

doagonouy
→
cranial toeuerol the head
-

eustppoueei toward the lower part of the body

→
•
ascend -
caudal -

☐ descend -28Tppoeuei →
Medial and lateral -

nearer and farther

from the
lejankd midline
•
couch -

5
 o direct -
skieweuei
, beaporneolni " "
"" " """ " "" " "

o
downwards -
ku olotoeei and then the same backwards
°
extend -

wacigcsaioig
Provide
0
medial
shoovuouy antonyms
-

o
pass pnefscie
-
→ lie down -
stand up I sit up

o
ventral -

bruising
→
bring down raise I put up I-

left up
knukde / stabbing pain dull pain
condyle knukctes bntykcie
• - - → -

aggravating narertaiauylneoiueiacy
• -

•
bring it down potoiyi rip -
DOB -

date of birth
•
lean
forward pochyliioipdopnoolu -
PC -

presenting complaint →
gtowna Skarga , dolaglieeori
•
elevate -

raise -

put up
-

lift up aistasaiene pre a patienta

•
to been -
to bend Clo -

complaining of
- >
eestveraajgcy rip o

potoiyisipnakoaetce leluenpienosrasotont
>
lie down the couch GP
general practitioner
-
• -

on
-

abaolaipayenta
-
examine the patient family doctor

marital status Aan

uguilny
→

The anatomical position -

part 2 to admit →
pnyiaina . .
.

comprise sliiaolai rig to

hospital
• - ↳

pnebieyai to
} haooldaiat
↳ euerol
•
run -

a
•
retina siatkowkie - ↳ to a
department
of admission to
organ Corti named Conti ago
pnyipcie do
• -
-

. . .

• tarsal
Appouy
-
to discharge from uypisai
-
2 . . .

°
phalangeal palimony -
a discharge from -

uypis 2 . . .

parietal ciemieniouy
• -

Illia
leiodrouy Important questions ; HPC history of presenting complaint
-
° -

What's brough
•
scapular -

topatuouy you
here ?
?
•
dactyl0 spasm skurupalcow -
What brings you here today
can tell what seems to be bothering ?
cramp spasm you me
you
• -

0
bipedal any
-

dunno what can we do for you ?

•
epigastric naedb
hunny
-

{
o

hypo gastric podbnusnny Spinal cavity The dorsal

cavity that contains the
spinal cord
- -

hypochondriac pad 2.ebweey Anatomical position standard position for anatomical studies
0 -
-

-
Transverse plane plane that divides body into superior
-

and inferior part / portions)

aero -

extermity end , distal

Diaphragm muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from
,

information of the skin

-

ey . aerodermatitis -

the abdominal cavity

of the externalities laiepaleniaskorydystalne)
Laparoscope instrument for viewing the peritoneal
dactyl / o finger
-

,
toe
than cavity through the abdominal wall
eeg .

polydactyly -

having more the normal

number of fingers or toe leeidopakueotosi )

Celilo -

celiac ltneewnyl pertaining to abdomen -

pod to foot dextropedal lproeeon02.my) using the

→

eapar /o
- -

laparoscope
-

abdominal wall
right food in preference to the left
pod to foot -
→
podiatric /podiatryany) →
pertaining
to study and treatment of the
foot
6
?⃝
 around laookota
circum peri okalajgce) inter between I pomipday mi poky)
-
-

,
, ,

circle moral around the mouth intercostal between the ribs

us as mipaayéebwuy
-
.
-
-
.

eg perivascular around the vessel juxta beside ( pry okoto )

-

; para ; near ,
-
. - -

pllokotowotny okotonauyniouy) , eeg .

juxtaposition -2estauieuie
-

a location
intra -

in , within ( wewnptrny) near or besides another structure

eg intrauterine within the uterus lwewmstrmacicznyl pane sagittal

ey
pnystnothouy near
- -

or
-
.
.

epi -

on , over Ina nad )

,
beside the sagqital plane
ee .

epithelium -
tissue that covers surfaces retro -
backward (2d)
extra outside (aewngtrny)
retroperitoneal aaotnewnouy behind the
-

eeg
-

-
.

as extracellular ( poaekomorkouy)
.
-
outside a cell peritoneum
infra sub below under / pod ) hypo
,
-

,
-

; supra above 1 nad )

-

us infrapatellar podnepkouy below the kneecap

ey supra saepuher naoltopathouy above
- -
- -
.
.

ey subcostal pool 2-ebwuy under the ribs the saepwue

- -

Translate :
1) ?
Kieoly 20 stat pan prey ipty do sapitake
When were
you
admitted to
hospital ?
2) Cay mode pan pouieolaiei co
pananiepokoi ?
?
Can
you tell me what's bothering you

3) parve sproutedare
Co

what brings here ?

you
4) Prone pochyliiqtoevf do pnodu
Please , lean forward head
your .

5) Boli mniedouiaolnietutaj.no shoot kubnuatleipievsiouej .

It hurts me
exactly here in the middle of the chest ,
.

6) Day pot020ne se po Obu Stronach no sa .

Eyes are situated on both sides of the nose

7) UN-aanaidujqsigponiaq.no sa .

The mouth is situated below the nose

8) Jamie tuetwipiemouef leaf need prepoms .

The thoracic
cavity lies
superior to the diaphragm .

9) Tdueuiae prowledai a Kwan i do ookveeli .

The trachea leads from the larynx to the bronchi .

101 Tchieuiae 2
Appujepneolpretykiem
the trachea descends in front of oesophagus .

111 Play se na
qnbietoeeej agshi ciata

The back is on the dorsal

surface of the body
121 Pacha jest w apai dogtoeeouej ,
a
pachuiniew uprcioloogonouejciata .

The axilla is in the cranial ,

while the groin is in the aeuolal part of the body

7
The skeleton IMSS -

musco skeletal
system )
1
framework part provide framework of the
rama →
body stanouivamg ciata
-
• -

vital istotny pod Aauouy →

The axial skeleton consists of the skull , the
spinal
-
•

• axial skeleton -

sakidetooiouy column , the ribs and the sternum .

appendicular skeleton S2
kidetkoñayn →
The skull consist of 8 menial bones and 14 bones of face
-
•

non movable sutures nieneckome consists of bones and

joints Stacey joints
→
- -

mandible 206 bones

jaw →
comprises
• -

•
temporal bone -
Kosi skwniouo → The sacral vertebrae are
fused together
•
the
temporomandibularjoint (TMT) -
Aaw tkroniouo →
The ribcage is one
shaped
a' -

uohuouy
•
fused aespolony Many
-

,
→
the bones of the upper limb include the shoulder

coccyx Kosi puaicsna girdle which is composed of the clavicles / collarbones

•
-

flexibility qiptkosi ehestyunori

-

,
and the scapulae / shoulder blades , and the
•
shoulder girdle obrgubarkoud -
bones of the upper extremities .

pelvis girdle obrgumieolniucl Her ankle is swollen and

very painful
• -
→ .

flowed roaklosnoeueny He slipped banana

peel
• →
on a
-

•
ellium -
Kodi biadroud
•
facial skeleton / facial portion CRANIAL BONES :

•
ribcage -

klatluepievsioeue
→
frontal -

uotouou

•
cone shaped -

ksztattstoakov (conoid stoakowate)

- →
parietal
-
ciemienioeue
•

floating ribs -

allora wine 1×1 ,

✗ 111 →
occipital potyliuna
-

•
the humerus -
korinemienna →
temporal -

skroniouo
°
the ulna Kori tokcioiue -
→
sphenoid -121inowe
the radius Kori lacrimal taoeue
promienioeue
• - → -

the
→
nasal
carpals Koshi naohsavstlue no>owe
- -
•

the metacarpals kora rmbl More

zygomatic janmouee
'

• - → -

maxilla snap koine

phalanges paliulei
• - → -

•
the femur thighbone -
-

K uoloeue
.
→
hyoid qnykoeue
-

the
patella / kneecap replace
• -

o
the tibia H -
.

pinueloeue → Bone is formed by the gradual addition of calcium

•
the
fibula -
K Ametleoeue
. and phosphorus salts to cartilage .

e tarsals -
Koshi
Appu → Osteoblasts are the cells that
produced bone
• metatarsals -

koouishodstopia →

osteocytes are mature bone cells

to
slip slipped poolingngdoig osteoclasts involved in the breakdown of bone tissue
→
• -
-
are

•
to fall fell fallen upasi
-
-
-
to release needed minerals or to allow for
to break broke broken atamai
reshaping and repair
• - -
-

•
to dislocate -
dislocated dislocated - -

auichngi
• to
sprain
-

sprained SKRECIÉ
-
ROM -

range of motion -

aaknesmechow

the range , measured in depress , through

swollen
spuchnipty It is
-
•

painful bolesny -

which can be extended and flexed

joint
intervertebral disc Krystle
mipolaykrggouy
• -

gradual Aopniouy (grade Aopieri ) suture non movable

joint immovable fixed joint
- -
•
-
- • -
-

°
dense connective tissue -

thenwe tquneabita -

synarth roses -

Stan
nienechomy
•
ossification -

*ostnieuie

8
 aoluhdhootuiekdoinaty slightly movable amphiatroses cartilaginous
•
• -
-

•
inert
nieautywny oboiptnychemicanie joint stawpétscistylpotquenie Annette
- -

finest beawtaolny lineroialnyeehiaol ]

-

•
replaced
-

aiestppoeueny •

joints with full ROM -

oliarth roses -

synovialjoints
• remodelled
prrebuowuyeueny freely movable
joints
-
-

release uuolnii
o

uypushii
-

, → what movement is possible in the hinge joint ?

sktaolniki
components
• -

bending and
straightening
• occurs -

aachodaii.mieimiq.se
•
resorption reabsorption -

Definitions :

also knows as
•
shaft body diaphysis
-
- -
Anon → A
joint , an articulation , is the
point
Where two
•
dense compact abita or more bones are
joined For example
-
,
-
.

medullary cavity jamie szpitoeue -

the knee connects the femur and the tibia .

•
bone marrow -

s2piK Hosting → Articular cartilage

•

epiphysis nasaohek.atupiej
-

Hyaline / Sakti Aa) cartilage covers the ends of the

bones
•

spongy gqb nasty

-
.

Hyaline cartilage is smooth and strong .

metaphysis-pnynasaohek.ou-uo.iq
.

It is wear -
resistant and reduces friction during
movement
growth region
•
.

epiphyseal plate ptytkienosaowuo - → Bursa

epiphyseal line tvesanesaolouo

-
the fluid-filled sac which
provides cushioning and

the
periosteum okoAna protects joints against pressure and rubbing
•
-

•
nourish -

odsiyuiai →
Joint capsule
fibrous tissue tluenhdeetdknista Fibrous tissue which
completely surrounds
joint
• -
a .

generate uyteueruei
-
It holds the
joint together but is
flexible enough
•

flat piaski
-
to allow movement

irregular nievasuberny
-

→
Ligament
•
extend -

profaned -

straighten
-

unbend strong band of fibrous connective tissue which

•
flex ayin at bend strengthen joints It prevents dislocation of the
joint
- -

. .

hinge joint staeudauiasouy -

→
Meniscus

saddle
joint stawsiodetkouy pads of femur and the tibia
•
Two cartilage between the
-

joint articulation in the knee

joint They act as cushions and shock
• -
.

junction poiqaenie absorbers

-
•
.

articular cartilage chmsrtkestauoeue Synovial fluid

• -
→

•
bursa kaletlue
-
secreted
by synovial membrane .
It fills and lubricates

proper functioning
torebluestauoeue the
joint capsule joint space and is essential to
• -

•
ligament eeipsaolto -

of the joint .

meniscus menisci e- pkigtkie membrane

→
synovial
• -
-

synovial fluid main stauoiue smooth lining of the

capsule covering a
joint
-

synovial membrane synovium -

-

btonemazioud It secretes the fluid which lubricates the

joint .

•
tendon -

slipqno → Tendon

•
wear -
resistant -

odpornenorcieuenie A tough band of fibrous connective tissue that

•
friction -
tarcie
usually connects muscle to bone

•
wear ausiycie
-

cruciate ligament
uipdaedtoknyiowe
o -

S
 The skeleton part -

2 " " "" "

dowager 's hump -
uoloui garb →
Osteoporosis ,
also neff erred to as brittle bone disease ,

stooped posture agoutionce sylwetke cause reduction in bone and in the Arenight
density
-

iuiaenia w obciqsianiu -

weight bearing exercises of the skeleton .

matogtouie microcephaly
-
→
Myeloid -

pertains to or resembling bone marrow

uidopalcuestosi polydactyly - → Arthro stenosis -

narrowing of a
joint
bnvesanesaoloeue
-

epiphysael line
( she resembles her GP leluerrroolainny)
resemble
pnypominai mother)
general Practitioner 1 internista ,
- -

stratum -

layer PC -

presenting complaint
frontal plane -

coronal
plane Clo -

complaining of
-

stony
-
creation of an
opening
SU FIXES
oma tumour of
-
-

do )
oid resembling / pertaining to lodnosuscy sie
-

Host niakn
-

eeg osteoma
-
.

us osteoid Kooi
prypominaiacy formation of
-

genesis
.
- -

penia deficiency / insulting of formation of

-

the
lymp angiogenesis
-

us .
-
is

as leucopenia -2mn
ieinoneliababiatychknu.net
lymphatic vessels
.

stenosis narrowing of lawsa'enie )

-

bone
-

-0*081's growth
. . . -

as oraniostenosis-2mniejnenieobiptoga.ae ,zw
of
metry measurement
.
- -

desis fusion I binding of

craniometry
- -

us .

pasty plastic repair of

-

copy viewing of
-

-
s -

rhinoplasty operavia plastyano

us no sa
laparoscopy type of
-

is a surgical procedure
.

ey .
-

otomy incision of ( nacipcie) -

that allows surgeon to the inside

access of
us .

tracheotomy abdomen and pelvis without having to make

-

ectomy -
excision 1 removal of luycipcielusuniscie) large incision in the skin
as thyroidectomy surgical removal of all or
for the viewing of
-

instrument
-

scope an
.

- -

is located
part of the thyroid which ,
ey .

laparoscope
in the front of the neck

ROOTS :

tours / o -
bursa

nnyet / 0 -
bone marrow ostelo -
bone / bone tissue
chondrlo -

cartilage arthrlo -

joint

The skin part ,

1
→
The skin is composed of two main
layers / strata
epidermis thin outer
stratum strata The is
layer
• - → a .

epidermis -
naskoreh → the
epidermis is built up of flat cells of the epithelium .

dermis cutis shone eetascieue The cells of the

→
epidermis contain melanin
• -
-

°
the subcutaneous fatty tissue -

adipose layer → Dead cells of the epithelium form a

protective layer .

epithelium -
nabtoneh →
Sunlight causes the increase in melanin concentration

hereditary factors caynnikidaiadaicane →

the modified epidermis produces hair and nails
•
-
.

concentration skupienie aieggsiaenie Apieuie

•
-

, ,

which the skin the

protect from / against gives colour
protection from / against Melanin pigment
• →
→ -

•
harmfull =/ harmless lsahodliuy -

niesahodtiuy)
•
a
great amount of -
and a ilosi

10
?⃝
°
sole -

poole same '

•
network of -
siei . . .
Inp nauyn .
-
blood vessels) thick →
thicker → the thickest (grubs )
fingerprint liniapapilarna thin thinner the thinnest lcienki )
• - → →

mammary gland milk phenol gruuotsutbouy deep deeper the deepest

•
-
-
→ →

•
sweat gland sudoriferous gland gruaoipotowy-
-
dark → darker →
the darkest

oil gland sebaceous gland qneuottoiouy light

→
lighter → the lightest
• - -

•
stratum corneum
-

cornifieol layer warsteuevaoeue -

The dermis / cutis is built

stratum basale basal
layer wabteuepodstawno of connective tissue
→
up
• - -

"" """"" "" • """"""" "" "" "" "

"
"" " """ "*
•
arrector muscle / arrestor
pili
-

mieoieñunosuscyutosa vessels ,
nerve fibres and glands
• hair follicle mienekutosouy -

•
elastic connective tissue -

tluenluetqunesprgsiysta
subcutaneous
podskt.my
• -

o
rapid quick fast
- -

rapidly quickly fast

-
• -

• outer -

2 ewnptnny
•
outermost -

najbavdaiejsewnptnny
innermost najbandaiejeoeeongtnny Physical protection from by
•
→
provide
-

damage is

•
to shed -
2 ruuaei atusznai the epidermis
,

to praestneniaisig
spread v02 Thickness of the subcutaneous tissue
•

plays
-

important
→
an

•
ultraviolet sun
rays
-

utrafioktouepromienieñoneune role in
protecting against some
injury
rays promienie entry of bacteria
-

the skin acts barrier against the

o
→ as a

•
in certain
parts w
-

nieletivychuprciach → the skinprevents rapid absorption of water .

pressure receptor → The skin helps to keep the

quantity of meter
•

in the body constant .

§
The skin -

part 2

•
acne -

tnsdaik
•
irritation podrainienie
-
•
ulcer -
wnisd •

•
crust -

strap
•
itch -

swpdaii •
waterproof
•
damage -
saw die
•
lesion -
us2h00Kerrie, •
wax
-

nosh
•
dermatitis -

aiepatenie Awry •
mole -

amemigdmianhldtohbowe •

sensory organ -

organ crucia

ointment maid grubori

dermatomycosis-qwoi.ae skinny thickness
•
• • - -

•
dissolved roapusznony -
°

perspiration poceniesig
-
•
microorganism -
microbe
•
earwax
•

protection -
ahrono o a
germ
-

germs

asaemaluyknitskorny lisaiej ) psoriasis tuszuyae bacterium bacteria

•
•
eczema -

,
• -
• a -

'

erythema rumien rash

uysypwe
virus viruses
• •
-

• • -
a -

•
evaporate pawiuei -
•
relieve -

atayodaii •
a fungus -

fungi
ilori
excessive
naolmierny retain
aatnymyueei quantity of
• - • - ° -
. . .

•
excoriation -

otarcie Awry aieolrapanie

,
•
scabies -
sruienb • o constant -
Stata

maintain mineral balance

excretory organ uydaielniay scratch aieolrepauie
•

organ
- • - • -

uyotauii naneaii podtnymyweinswnoueeyp

-

expose
- •
sebum -

tsi
,
mineralng
•
fissure ppknigcie
-

sardine ,
•
secretion -

uydaiekenie
furuncle ayvahmnogi boobies various stimuli Wine bodice
°
•
-
•
•
stimulus -
stimuli - -

shooweeisko
injury wsahootdenie trigger uyauolii environment
• - • • -
-

11
•
bacterial infection -

irfehcjababteeyjne →
The skin is
affected by infections .

infection énfehya ninesome

viral -
→ an
organ providing information about .
. .

fungal infection infelujagnybicue -

→
Primary skin lesions do not cause a break in the skin .

affected by -
atahoeuena / do →
secondary skin lesion cause a break in the skin .

quantify of -
amount of . . .
-
ilori →
infection with parasite
• dissolved salts -

voapuszaone sole Primary skin lesions :

flow ptyngi -
→ acne →
furuncle
fluid liquid ecae.mil
erythema
• - → →

•
itchy swpdaycy - →
rash →
olermatomycosis
mite no atone lesions :
secondary
0
skin
-

itch mite 8uienbouiec ulcer wrath

/
•
crust saeb
-

strap →
→ -
-

scabies 8 uienb →
fissure ppknipcie
• -

dark mole ciemneamemis exaeration / abrasion / graze / scrape otarcie

•
a
-

→ -

°
skin melanoma -
aerniak

•
occupational disease -
chowbaeauooloeue Definitions :

illness illnesses choroba EGLE MA medical condition in which

a
patches
• - - -

•
disorder -
disorders -
aabuneuie
of skin become rough and inflamed
skin lesions pieruotneamianyrkdrne with blisters which itching
primary cause
• -

secondary skin lesions -

utorne 2mi
any skdrne and bleeding .

"
•
parasite -

pasojyt Pnerwena 9910£

a'
FURUNCLE -

an
inflamed pus filled swelling the -

on

•
fissure petnipcie -
skin caused
typically by the infection
,

•
blemish -
Sheene of a hair follicle
•
evokes -

stimulate -

trigger Psoriasis -

a chronic skin disorder which causes

•
contagious -

aatueany an overproduction of epithelial cells

•
onset beggining start SWEAT the clear liquid secreted by the sweat glands
-
-
-

puberty doineueenie EVAPORATION the

process of turning liquid into vapour
• - -

•
patch kppkiltaty
-
SCABIES -

a contagious skin disease marked

by
•
rough
-
norstlei itching and small raised red spots ,
caused

pus filled uypetnionyropg by the itch mite

• - -

•
sore -

rance DERMATO Mycosis -

fungal infection of skin

•
mucosa letone stunted LESION region in tissue which has
a an
organ on
- -

• resilience -

ehestyunooi suffered damage such as a wound , ulcer ,

o reveal -
odñaniai abscess or tumour
•
a host of -

mnorstuo ANIDROSIS -
lack
of sweet
production
•
beneath below -

sheath otoulue PREFIXES

pochewkie
• -

•
multiple sclerosis -

steuerolnienierozsiane normo -

/en -
normal , regular
lower than
hypodermis subcutaneous
hypo normal
- -
•

•
cerumen -
eeereuex rrhoea -
excessive
flow / discharge / secretion of
•

perspiration -

sweating
toil /sebum . . .

)
•
abrade →
abrasion rrhoeic -

meaning an adjective pertaining to excessive

•
nourish - >
nourishment flow I discharge of 1 suffix)
•
distribute → distribution an a/ -

absence of / lack of
-

malaria -

softening
12
 •
infect infection→
aolip lol / lip lol -

fat
•
act
activity
→ derm lol I dermat ( o) skin -

to
perceive perception erythrlo) need
•
→ -

to store hidr (o) sweat

storage perspiration
•
→ -

• to replace → replacement Herat ( o) -

keratin

•
to convert -
to change into - to transform trick 101 -
hair
•
to increase -
to grow -
to enlarge leak lol -
white
• to trigger -
to cause -
to start Metan 101 -

melanin
•
constituent component -
-
element my clot
-

fungus
• to nourish -

to feed on
you 101
-

nail
to Soler (o) hard
• to distribute -

supply -

to reveal uncover Seb lol sebum

expose
• - - -

maligant tumour
stoking sua
• -

•
who aewnptrne -
external her

uyolalaimounikr eliminate / excrete were

• -

the respiratory system ( RS)

larynx
→
The and trachea
•
incision -

nacigcie are
kept open by cartilages
•

pharynx gaudio
-
in the shape of rings .

larynx -
Kitami → Vibrations of the vocal cords
produce the voice .

•
trachea -

tdueuiae -

windpipe → Tracked runs down through the neck to the chest .

•
bronchi - orknele → The lungs are
cone-shaped organs
•
bronchioles -
orkndiki →
the base of each lung lies on the
diaphragm .

•
alveoli - air sacs -

ppcheuykipiucne → The lungs are divided into lobes .

initial Pleura is double membrane

poaytuoiue → serious
• -

•
divided
by podaielony
-

nasal
jamynosowe Pulmonary is an
adjective pertaining to the lungs
→
cavity
• -

pnaeroohe nasal septum

-

oropharynx capri usance parata

-
→ What are the
function of Rs ?
•

nasopharynx nosoparokiel Carrying oxygen from air to the bloodstream and

-

•
laryngophamnx agributauioeue -

garotte eliminating carbon dioxide

•
tonsils migdatbi PND postnasal drip arenaI no sa
-
-
-

vocal cords
strung ytosoeve V5 vital signs
oanehiayciowe
• -
-
-

thin-walled
cienuorcienny RR
respiratory
• -

-
rate

permit poaeuelai me
R
respiration
• -

•
easy passage
-

tatuepnenikieuie OTC
drugs over the counter
drugs lelei beanecepty
-

•
alveolus -

alveoli
Rx prescription drugs lehinaneceptp
-
-

essential
organ me
any organ
• -

KON -

ke -
Conchae -

turbinate bones
•
serous membrane -
biome Neronian
Sinus
visceral
pleura optuuretrzewne a
cavity Chanel
°
or
-
-

lnapieciepouienchniowe )
•
parietal pleura optuune sienna -

surfactant -
A substance that decreases surface tension
'

°
inter
pleural space jamie optucng -
within the alveoli and eases expansion
•

pleura pleurae -

13
 .
trait dragiooldechoue
airway respiratory ortho upright position
-
• -
- -

orthopnea-dusanoriun-ppwiqaewpoayyilea.org
'

glottis gtornia apauetgtoooeeylxrtani ed

-
• .

epiglottis naytornia hypo amnieinony

- - -

sinus sinuses as hypoxia nieolotlenienieltuenek

• - -
.

•
frontal sinus -
aatolueaotoud -

dys difficulty in trwdnorciw

-
-

spheroidal sinus aatoluebeinoeue ee dysphonia dystonia

• - -

pavanes
at sinus
aatoluepnyno some
tacky vapid faster than normal pnyrpienony
-

• -
-

maxillary sinus aatoluenupkoeue eg. tachycardia upotoskurcr

-
-

tonsil
•

miqdatekpodniebienny
palatine
-

stowotwbrn-WO.io
pharyngeal
•

lupone adenoidalive
tonsil -

mediastinum central eupnea prauioltoueadolychienie ( eu-1

•

cavity
-
-

•
septum septa
-
•
apnea
-
beaolech (a- I
attach
pnytaayi tachypnea pnyspienonyoddech (tacky -1
• -
• -

hoarseness t
•
chypkie -

ppouenyh eupneic dot prauioltoevasooaolechu

• -
•
sac
-
.

congestion pnekmeieuie aupneic dot beaolechu

• -
• -

to rinse ptuluei
tachypneic dot pnyspienonegoadolechu
• •
- -
.

float unoñisig
to
• -

split divide into separate eu normal

pnea dot odechu
>
- - - - -

blood clots back of

•

sknepy Hmi a-
-

coronary uienioue tacky faster

- -
•

•
on exertion
pnyuysitku
-

at rest w
stauieopouynwu rrh Idea discharge / flow luydaielinoluypiyw)
-
• -
-

* . .. . .
. .
. . . .... . . . .
.
.

to induce
•
/ to cause -
tonne for performing
-

an instrument an incision

allergy induced 1 pochodnyl

uyuotanypnesaleugig genic originating
•
-
- -
in -

. . .

8lu2 eeg bronchogenic ooknelopochodny

•
mucus
-
-
.

•
saline -

salt teeter -

ectasis -

dilatation of lnozstnen , ehstaria)

drowsy sleepy bronchiectasis rozstnenieosknelikow
•

senny us
- - -

thenwe oiateuuoeueta crushing of

lymphoid tissue
amiaablaenie
0
tipsy
- -
-
-

•
compliance podatnosi -
-
desis -

fusion of lonespoleuie poñaaeuie , , Harriet

•
leaf shaped epiglottis
- -
-

pneumonia
-

lungs
•
expectoration odkntusuenielodkiestyuienie -
-

pneumolpneumato -
air,
gas
-
sm also
respiration or lung
o
inspiration -
inhalation -

algia pain of -
>

• turbinate bones -
matabuine assume -

phren / lo) pertaining

-
to
diaphragm
o conch ae -

muskie J ( KON -
ke )
sputum ( phocine) -
The substance released
by coughing
clawing the throat It contain
or .

may a
variety
of material from the
respiratory trait .

Mediastinum The
space between the lungs together glottis opening between the vocal cords
the
-
-

with the organs contained in this space epiglottis a leaf shaped cartilage that covers
-
-
.

Palatine tonsils of
the paired masses
lymphoid tissue the larynx during swallowing to prevent
-

located on either side of the oropharynx food from entering the trachea
14