CE @ 220 - STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS 11

2018-2069

Second Semester .

Salma Hasan .
 CHI Review of structure 19/2/2019
-

Theory .

slab .

- → ← → - beam .

count: ?÷÷¥i¥¥
-11K
↳ ↳
- -

- foundation .

soil
ground
.

•
load of the structure .

I T

P remanent loads ( Dead load )

Temporary loads ( live load )

weight of the structural element .

-
wind load
- Slab . -
Earth load .

Column
people furniture etc

f-
- -
-
-

, ,
Self weight -

-
Beams .
- tracks ,
cars
,
etc .

tiles
-

finishing .

elect Mech .
Services .

• Units .

@ for slab
loading ⑤ for beam loading ② Column
loading .

¥
" " '

I ¥
'

'

'

# ¥tiiew
h

W load KN Im ↳ beam
-
→
span
- .
.

t = thickness .
b= width .

h= overall
depth .

• Common live load ( for ur information ) .

KNIMZ .

• Domestic ( Residential bldgs )

.
1.5 - 2

Commercial bldgs offices labs academic 2. 5- 3.5

comp ,
•
, , .

•
Library .
4 - 6
GYM 7
• ,
storage 5-
.

•
parking structure .

→ for house .
3

→ for parking bldg

.

7 .
•
Example : -

cakes for a givin beam 20011400mm with span of Gm .

@ The total of beam

weight
.

⑧ The total dead load CSLW )

→ self load weight
-

Unit
weight of Rain forced concrete
8c= 23.6 or 24 KNIM
'
£400 -

w
200

⑨
'
The volume =
0.2×0.4×6=0.48 m

Total
weight ( VX 84=0.48×23.6--11.3 KN -

QE
↳ 11.33×407=1155.5 -
Kg

⑥ Dead load CSLW ) - Cross sectional area x Oc

= 0.2×0.4×23.6=1 .8KN1m_ This value is to
CT beam
design the
gp
.

It
another to solve @ 1.8×6=11.3 KN
way *- . p=
.

• HW .

①fsso →
I #

250 ↳ 5. 3m .

@ Total
weight = 0.25×0.55×5.3×23.6=17.2 kN .

↳ 17.2×102=1754 Kg .

⑥ DL = 0.25×0.55×23.6=3.2 kN Im .

•
Example : -

calculate @ total weight for slab with thickness 250 mm .

⑥ DLCSLW ) of slab

\
.

@ total weight -0.25×10×10×23.6=51,066%6

'

"

kg
.

⑥ DL - Thickness of the slab x8c .

= 0.25×23.6=5.9 Kulm .
 "
" "
'
* * m
"

for beam ÷¥¥÷i

→ design
KN Im
=
@
4.8×2=9.6
wall .
height
'

EDL =
wall + beam .

= 9.6 + [0.2×0.4×24]=11.52 KN Im .

• Distribution of load to floor .

#
one
way stab system two
way
slab system .

stop > 2
Enter

"

I :i
:
'
ti :÷
:
'

¥52
¥ > 6
BI not
Structurally - we can remove
structurally - we can remove
beam
any
.

Two stab
•

way
.

@ squire
slab .
⑥ Rectangular slab .

A B

¥#¥¥¥ 't :
rn

c
D

why

All As
-

¥ .

¥ .tt/*wt#-*-*xx-xxxyzx--yx
¥ h -

khz
 slab → kpa - KNIMZ , Beams → KN .

•
Example

¥¥
" " m .

÷÷÷÷
.

# 1.5
Liz

• Structure analysis .

A B
Aix →
Roker
ATE
pinching ) p
thy g
support By support
.

Ay
.

p×→¥
"
fE¥foFeree .

MA T
Ay

•
Equilibrium Equation .

EM=O
EFx=o EFy=o .

•
Example : -

I FBD ( Free
body Diagram ) -

6kN1m
F- IOKN .

Ax→µ
Ki÷÷÷¥¥ t#
.

-w
Ay
P=bzwL
= BL
=Yz( 3)
-23-13 )
'

=2m .
⑥
xxx
Im
=

-
43L 33L
- ( IW 831%1

2ft @ EF×=0 → A×=O forex Distance .

Moment .

⑤ EMA=o→CByx6 ) -
(10×-4.5)-(9×1)=0 Gt -2
By = 9kW .
 ⑥ EFy=o→ -9-10+9 + Ay - O

Ay= IOKN .

3ft check -
-

I * was ish
EMB → -

(10×6)+(9×5) + (10×1.5)=0

• HW .

the Reaction
Determine
support -

fp=20kN
.

① FBD .
w=3KNlm
32748km .
It
aoykntg A B .

Ax→ -
#
T
3 E 5.4 10.8M -

Ay
1.8
By
-

21 EFx=O→Ax=O .

E. MA=O→ -
(20×3.6)-(32.4×5.4) + ( By 1110.81=0 .

By 22.9 KN .

EFy=o→ -
22.9+32.4+20 -

Ay -0

Ay= 29.5 KN .

31 check .

EMB - O → -
(29.5×10.8)+(20×7.2) + (32.4×5.4)=0

Internal in Beam
•
loading .

It Normal Force ( N ) .

② Shear Force (V)

31 Force CM )
Bending .

→ a

A B .

.at#:fDfII:a-pg
Ay .

- M .
Q
L -
I
Example : -

① Determine the
support Reaction . ~w=3kN1m .

2ft Determine the internal force , shear force , SKN .

Bending
moment at point C

A
4.5kt As a

THFBD P=Yz( 3) (3)

'

Axe
µgµµ .

Im
xx-x
2ns
^
-

By
'

Ay

21 Reactions .

EFx=O→Ax=O .

EMA → -
(5×3) -

(4.5×1)+(139×6)=0
By =3 . 25 kN .

sFy=o → 3.25 - 5-4.5 + Ay -0 .

KN
Ay - 6.25 .

31 Internal loading at C
em I - £82
125km
.

i p=÷( 1.514.51=1 .

gig In
-
W=3KN/m
-

n¥i÷¥¥÷ :* .
nt¥tE
3KwN_¥?smm-
4ft Eeg .

w=h5KNlm .

EF×=o→Ne=O .

EM⇐o→ - Mc -
(1.125×0.5) -
(5×1.5)+(3.25×4.5)=0 .

Mee 6.56 KN .

Efy=o→ 3.25-5-1.125+1=0 .

1=2.878 kN .
• Shear and Bending moment
trigram by Graphical ( Area ) method .

Mc=2KN - m

Example : 4km
- .

¥,¥±7
'

"" 'm

M£7 .b4kN
It FBD Axe -

T T
By -

Ay

Ifl EFx=O→A×=o .

rkN.in .

EMA -0 → CBYXG ) -
② -
(4×4)=0
By =3 KN
EFy=o → Ay -13-4=0 .

Ay I
-
-

③ Sfb
I
.

*
/

p.m . .

FBD BMD

Gtm
my .

Gm m2
 ch 2 Introduction to structural 41212019
:
Design .

•
Design philosophy .

s
aawnoorw.gg#rees:adnesiigniwAssi3s:dZt
↳ stress and within elastic
range
.
I

Fop =
Mpas tallow able .

② Limited state
design .
Totton = f a

@ Limit e state Ultimate → @

⑤ fail Uar .

( USD ) Ultimate strength Design method

.

• thot ↳ Bending
-

↳ shear
↳ compensable .

⑤ Serviceability limited state .

↳ Deflect
↳ cracks .

↳ Dubiety .

Buckling faluiar

b
Ee
- t
C
-
- -
-
- -
-

" "

¥i÷÷÷aiiEE÷F¥t A
d-
.

strength > Design load

•
Design .

M provided I Nlrequierd .

¥n Ford
load
capacity live .

etc .
.

Imposed load = live load .

Super Imposed dead load ( SDL ) E- Additional DL above LSLW ) .

EDL = DLCSLW ) + SDL .

• Load combination .

Service load ( Un factor )⇐ws= IDL + ILL

Ultimate load ( factored ) E Wu = 1.4 DL +
1.6 LL .
( according to British
standard EBS ) ) .
 Example : -

•
t

I
- - - - -
-
-
-
-
-

Slab 150mm thick

[ I
-_

Ism
• .

• Beam ABD other is steel Beam with .

unit SO
a mass =
Kgtm t
-
, .

load KNIMZ
•
Imposed =3 . 5 -

x#
→ calculate load and imposed load .
sm '
Sm Sm

④ 8<=24 KN Ims .

givin unit mass of steel beam -_

5%812=0.5 KNIM
-
UI Hel 's ↳ II - -
DLCSLW ) of steel beam .

slab load on AB .

KN
'

DLCSLW )= 0.15×24=3.6 Im .

givin Life 3.5 KNIMZ .

3G DL on beam = DLCSLW )X3m .

from slab .
= 3.6×3=10 .
8KN/m .

EDL = 10.8+0.5=11.2 KNIM .

DLT Tpseam Self weight -

FILL on beam =3 . 5×3=10.5 KN Im .

AB .

5ft Load combination .

Wsconabpseam ) = IDL -1 ILL .

= 11.3+10.5=21.8 KNIM .

Wu Con AB ) = 1.413L
+1.6hL
= 1.441.3 ) -11.6 ( 10.5 )
32.6 KN Im load
= →
Design
.

•
Example .
66811*5 .
+3M¥ ,

• Slab thk .
- 225mm .

③ -
- -
x

Imposed Load =3 KNIMZ

¥
•
3m
-

:* . iminium o
.
. .

calculate the load beam T

→
design acting on
① - -

,
x

( B1 -
CI ) ,LB2 -
CZ ) ,
(131-133) .

to 130

→ The
design load on columns on BI ICI .

It steel beam .

DLLSLW ) kN Im
=
78-2=0.7 .

Steel column .

kN/m
DLLSLW
)=¥z= 0.6
 21 Slab DLCSLW )=o .

225×24=5.4 kN Im ?
o
: SDL =
I KNIMZ ( givin ) .

EDL = 5.4+1=6.4 KNIMZ -

→ Wycslab 1.4 DL I G LL
) =
+ . .

KNIM
'
=
1.4 ( 6. 4) f- 1.6 (3) 13.76
Design load
Ts
= .

or factor load .

• Beam Bl - CI .
or Uttimte load .

Iii
-
-
-
- -

It
- -

* ÷
F#% #E
Bl Cl
alt B1 Ci
Gm .

Gm .

Its

DL on BI - Cl I 6.4×1.5=9.6 KN Im .

from slab

DLCSLW ) of beam Biel = 0.7 KN IM .

EDL on Bl - Cl I
9.6-10.7=10.3 KN Im .

LL on Bl -
Cl = 3×1.5=4.5 kN Im .

→ wu= 1.4 DL -11.6 LL

=
1.440.3 ) -11.6 ( 41.51=21.62 KNIM .

Wu = 21.6214N Im .

(
To
*#
RBI -
WI =
2122×61-64 . 86 kN .

T T
RBI Rcl

• Beam 132 - CZ .

3mi !:# :
o
.

DfrLomlsskabwk6.4kNlm2DL@nB2-C2j-6.L
1×3=19 . 2 KN Im .

•
: BLLSLW )
of Bz - ez
= On 7. kN Im ( from Stef 1) .

EDL = 0.7+19.2=19.9 KNIN .

L Lon 132 - CZ =
3k¥ X 3 = 9 KN Im .

→ Wu = 1.4dL -11 . 6 LL

=
1.4 (19.91+1.619)=42.26 kN Im .
 2¥ . 26 KN Im .

132 Cz RB2=wzL_ = 42.226×1=126.78 KNIN .

#
Gm

• Beam Bl -
133 .

F -
-
-

→
-_ 126.78 KN '

f-
,

'
WBI -

B3= ? gpyzz.cz
=
oomf :

'

Bl 't
i AT ⇐
+
;---•→ In T
1. Sm .

RB ,= ? RB3= ?

)=6.4KN/m ?
%
.
DLCSLW
:
on

DLI.SI#--o.7KN1m.DLonBI-B3.=6.4Xl.5=9.6KN/mEDL--

9.6-10.7=10.3 KN Im .

LL - 3×1.5=4.5 KN Im .

→ Wu= 1.440.31+1.614.61=21.62 KNIM .

Super position method .

Cz 126.78 KN
$2
-
= .
-

b b b b b b
t
e .

T T T t
RBI -
a
RBS -
a RBI - b = TE 12133 -
b

why = 21.622×62=64.86 KN
Pz= 1262782=63.39 KN .

→ RB ,
= 64.86+63.39=128.25 KN .

OR .

21.62×6=129.7 kN

#
p=
.

↳ 129.7+126.78=256.5 KN -

IE
T T

RBI =

2562-5--128.25 KN .
 • Beam At - Cl -

needed for cowlmn Bl .

DLCSLW ) 70.7 KN Im .

To factorize the load

7¥24,w ) ]u :[ =
-1.4×0.7=0.98
↳
KN Im .

.
go

kN
To -98
Im .

b
To
#
Is
3M -

RAI -
0.928×32=1.47 KN .

• Load on column B1 1331=128.25 KN

( Bl
.
.

(
-

→ column BICSLW )
=6y¥m= 0.6 KN Im .

-
E-
( Al Bl ) ( Bl Cl )
-

[ DLpfs.tw/Ju=/.4X0.6=0.84KNm
- .
-

1.47km B ,
.
= = 64.8612N .

EH ↳ it His kNlm8d
column .
JI Gil I a. Heid
[
I
DL 0.84×3=2.52 KN
,zfShWyu=
.

¥1 "

Load B'
→
I ,f¥4 .pe?g6+i.47+izs.zs+2.sz
.

• Beam Cl - C3 .
needed for coulmn Cl .

•
- -
- -

KN
-

126.78 .

126.78 kN -

y#qwGLW
) - 098×6=5-88 KN .
- - , , -

f.
←

•
-

FI
- -
-
-

16mF

Rc , =
5.88+226.78-66.33 kN .

• Column Cl Cl E3

,¥Eg
. -

= 66.33

E. column Cl = 64.86+66.33+2.52=133.71 KN .

=
64.86 KN
 Moment and Shear formulae
Design using
i.
• .

Looting .

Max moment Max .

Shear

b b b b
Jinan
b wht
-
-
WL
-

' 8 z

-
PL I
-

LT 2

-
.
-
PL p
,
#
-

Nlm )
Cwik
.

"
WI win

!T
-

Ex .
calculate the design bending moment & shear force in beam
132 - C2 and 131-133 for last example -

132 CZ
@wu-n42.26kNlm-sMmax.e
• - .

high -
42.2-86×6=190.17 KN.in .

In
BZ
-#→c2
→ ✓
=Wz_L= 422-26×6=126.78 kN
max
×#
.
-

126.78kW

# Max .

KN.vn
⑧
 BI 133

CH.ws#y
• -

b b b b b

#
Gm .

126.78 KN .

Mi IV b-
,
# E

+ 26-62 KN Im -

Cw
=

Mz & Vz .

Tb
-
TAT E

KN
M , max .
=
PIT =
126278.6-1=190.17 . m .

Mzmax =
WGI =
26662-65=119 . 79 KN . m .

V
,
max =
Pz =
1262782=63.39 kN -

Vzmax =
wtze-26.EE#= 79 . 86 kN .
 ch 3 .

Design of Rain forced concrete structure .

11/3/2019

of RC Element
According to 1358110 code
Design
-
.

→ RC beams .

→ Rc slabs .

→ Rc columns .

-
-
-

←
# -
- -

steel .

concret good in But weak in tension

very compassion very
.

→ Material strength .

Concrete
'
( MPa # CN Imm )
strength
• .

O
cubic
O -

strength
cylinder

Amirecan British standard .

standard
Element for ( Mpa ) -

in Bahrain → ) .

qq.esqmab.se#usuakyweuse35
foundation 45
35 - 40

45
RC Column 35 ( Low
bldg )
rise
-
.

50 100 (
highrise bldgs
-
-

• To reach full strength .

in site 7-
→
days
-

in Lab → 28 days .

column lower size

•
higher strength → .

• Steel strength .

foul MPa ) .

Lil Mild steel ( not used a lot these days ) / 250

Lii ) high -

yield Steel ( deformed steel ) 400 - 550 Mpa .

 Ch -
3 . 25-3-2019 -

condition & concrete ( Table 3.5+3.6 )

→
Exposure cover

t÷
-
a 1 I

¥¥÷÷±÷÷÷÷÷÷*÷÷ .

.
column foundation cross slab cross -
Sec .

Cross - Sec -

Sec .

• Internal element cover 40mm

• Exterior cover 50mm
• foundation 70 -
85mm
• foundation in the sea .
100mm
• Slab 25 -
35mm

of Rain forced concrete beam

→ Design
-
compression steel • Compassion + tension steel
- -

o o o

↳ for moment .

→ Stirrups ( links ) • Stirrups → for shear

tension steel #
forced Rain forced
sing ! origin
Double
Sec .

• Notation used in beam .

IEEEEIeidmthm.in
to tension .

Steel bar condition .

As -_ steel
Tension .

'

As =
compassion steel .

Rain forced Section

•
Singly .

Stress strain distribution through the beam Sec .

p¥y I
←

t.FI
t e
-

+
- -
- - - - - - - - - -
-
-

- - -
##C- - -
- -

-_ ,
-

,
- -
-
- - - - - - - - - - - - - -

: -

Este ⑤ Stress > toad

- ,
b
AO Ac
 Ecce compression strain of concrete
Est = Tensile strain of steel .

I Neutral Axis
-
Depth .

y= 0.67ft = o .
45 - concrete
compassion strehth →
Nimmi OR MPa
④ factor for steel etc
-
softy = 1.15 =
25,65 .

Ft -

design stress x area =①Myeild strenth of steel ( Nlm my

8ms = 460 -
500 Mpa .

Mu - Ultimet moment resistance .

= ( Mu ) OR section
capacity
prov
.

'
=
0.156 X fca x b .
d

As = Area of Tension steel

=
[¥¥E]
2- = lever arm

95d.IE
- -

Tt
=d[a5tVE÷ ] so .
-

ex : 2=400 > 0.951=350

Not OK ,
so use 2- the smaller → 2=0.951--350 .

k= M
-

cu .
T b. d2

• Steel Rain forewent Table ( Table 3.10 ) .

Bar size dimeter 0 .

Wigwam im I ← Asta @ It
"
08,010 etc I
dg.tl#g6-m6
's
.
- -
-
.

( ← As = 1260mm
OR H8 etc Try 6020 ( As 1890 )
HE
r
- -
-
-
-_
,

high yeild steel -

Try 4020 ( As -1260 ) → o.IT Him 't b

-

6.61 # Im
 Beams + columns .

Slab -1 foundation .

•
Design stages of RC beam : -

Stage I i.
Design for flexure ( Bending moment ) .

stage II :
Design for shear .

Stage In .
Deflection check
(
Stage II Detailing working Drawings )
:
-
.

of Rain forced beam Bs 8110 code

•
Example :
Design a
singly as
per
- .

beam
a
simply supported
.

T.tw#*?DL--l2kN1mcgk
beam
bbb#~LL=8kNlm

including
( 9k )
)
d-
4501¥
?
?€ sec .

self night
.

1-1
b- -275mm
overall not
depth givin .

( concrete ) fcu =
30141mm ?
( Steel ) fy = 500 NIMMZ

① Wu = I. TDL -11.6 LL .

1.4
(1211-1.618)=29.6
=

KN Im .

② Design Moment ( from ch .

2) .

Mreg= wujI-29.GG/7-=18l.3KN.m
( Mu ) 0.156 for BIZ
prov
=

-65%3,911.275114505×10-0
-

moi mm ↳ Is
Egg .
 → if ( Mu )
prov 3 ( Mut req
260.6 3 181 . 3

so ,
it
designed as
singly -
Rain forced Sec .

"

③ k=¥I÷÷ .
ios's ÷ .

④ 2- =D
fo.si-FE.gl ]
= 450
[0.5+7255%1]=386.8
mm .

2- £0.9 Sd = 427.5mm .

⑤ Steel Reinforcement .

67,7*73=1%3.4%7*-1078
'
As -_ mm .

Try 40/20 ( As proves 1260mm

'
) → from table 3.10

⑥ -

" "
I !go;÷ * " "
s
'm
's'm

101412019 .

of beam for shear

•
Design
.

Sv Imax
f
.

'

gnat
crack .
l
'
l l

If
bbbb-I-thead.AT#H&/1
¥lµ④llll
I I

,
'
'

.it#-fnFIuxture
'

aims
l

crack
L
l

l l
I

• in mid span the max . Shear not important .

Su the edges than in the

• in more
#
middle
BMP s
.

i
.

,
 d ( rain for cement )
stings
.

. .
¥¥-

•
Design shear stress ( K ) .

v= so .

stfu .

Vu = Vmax = kN f 5 MPa .

K = Nlm
'
Mpa .

•
Table 3.11 .

CI

* Interpolation Osb ? so Im T If
'

← *
.
.

¥÷÷⇐÷ :* .
I :÷i¥¥÷÷ :*
. . .

.
far
→ And We = ( Area
, . .

if stir reqwierd not ( Table 3.12 )

•
Cracking ups or .

@ VLO . 5 Vc → No
stirrups requierd .

⑥ o . 5 Vc L V L Va to .
4 → min .
Stir
ups required .
 spacing
-

> go.kz#yO-Stirups stirrups sizes .

of
O fy= 460 -
-
500hPa -

08 ,
010 , 012 -

area

Lst
: : :S . . .

0.44
ASI
①
z
0.87 fyv
L 100-300
from the table .

② ( Vc -10.41 CVL 0.8 FE OR 5 MPa → Stirrups required

Asv Z b.sv.lv#

[ fyr
0.87 .

for table 3.13 .

ASSY-zb.ch#o.87fyVSmax=O..75dS300mm
.

Example deny important

- .

• .
-

#f~LL=I9KN1m
171=25 KNIM heooomm
b b# b I .

%af.nsejugee.ee
16mg
b- 300mm
fcu= 30 MPa .
-

MPa if it
fy=fyr= not minton assume
500 .

-
40 -50mm
-250mm
.

assume concrete cover

→ the beam
Design
.

El stage I :

Design for flexure

Tmo ment
① Loading
.

DLCSLW ) -0.3×0.6×24=4.32 KNIM .

EDL = 4.32-125=29.32 KNIN .

Wu= 1.417L +1.6hL .

=
In 1429.32 ) +1.6491=71.448 KNIM .

② ( Mu ) -

WII =
71-44881-65=321.5 KN .m
req
Assume -
main bars 0.ba 25mm .

- The
stirrups 0s= 8mm .
 if (d) not givin

aa÷÷¥¥÷
.
-

t.tt?IoIEi .

③ Cales ( Mu )
prov
. -

fan b d2
( Mu )
prov
. = 0.156 .

10-6
)
.

= 0 . 156 ( 30 ) ( 300 ) ( 554 X

= 430.9 kN m > 321.5=1 Mu ) → OK

req
. .

in case ( Mu ) less than CMU ) the of the beam

prov req →
enlarge depth
. .

④ Cates .
As .

116 unit less

• K-dYT.to?9g--3o3bx!9s-s*= on .

• 2- = d [ 0.5 +
TEEJ 1=5546.5 +
MoEg 7=470 mm €0.95 d
f 526mm

• As =
_MreE o .
951 WI JE GE
O 8.fty.fr
Ideal 0.13
.

-
is
.

= = 1573 mm ?
o 2 3

from table
Dio:
→ 3.10 .

±÷÷:÷¥¥: :÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷ #
300
mm

BI stage # shear Design

i
.

V
① Cates .
:

.
.
Wu = 71 . 448 KN .

( Vu )
req
. =
w{L_ =

71.42484=214.4 KN .

→
KHIRI = 36401,455937=1.29 MPa -

E 1.29 MPa Ko . 8 Eu = 4.38 OR 5 Mpa → OK .

② "
t
:*: : ÷ .

table 3.11 D= 5543400 .

In
I

18
→

→
0.63
I
µ÷÷:Y±i¥ooi
I 66 = O .

1. 5 → o . 72 Vc =
(3%143×0.66=0.7 MPa .
③ From table 3.12 .

Check the condition .

• ( Vc to . 4) LV L o . 8 Fu OR 5 MPa
1 . I L l .
29 S 4.38 OR 5

→ Condition C .

Assure zob.fff.ve#=3oo(ls29-07)-=o.4o7
87 500 o .
x
.

④ Check Table 3.13 .

Try
stir
ups @08 225mm .

OR 08 @ 200mm .

Check Smax = 0.75 d

= 0.75 ( 5547=415 mm → Not OK .

→ Use S Max =3 00 -

⑤
Detailing .

00 .

08 @

¥µ¥µ#[ k##l
08 @ 225mm

tr
-

l l

r
#

08 @ 225
#]."€ 4025

ends - Sec .
How
LL=55KNlm
big -

SDL 321441M
¥4 ¥oEmmf€€
-

- -

AT a
.mn
# .

10.8 m

f 5001hPa the beam for flexure I shear

→
Design
= .
-

Hu =
45 Mpa .

Cover =
50mm .

AI moment .

① Self weight = O -
7×0.3×24=5.04 -
KNIM .

EDL =
5.04+32=37.04 KNIM -

Wu = 1. 4137.04 ) -11.6 ( 551=139.856 KN/m .

assume 0/5=8,0/6--25
② ( My )req=wu= 139.8586×1081=2039 .
I
KN.am d=h -
cover - Os -

Ed
= 700 - SO -
8 -

252
③
'
( My )prov= 0.156 far .
b. d = 629.5 mm

= 0.156 ( 4511300 ) ( 629.55×10-6

= 834.545 kN • m d Mu ) prov → Not ok .

increase the value of h to 1050mm .

increase it gradually .

Repeat : -

AI moment
① Self weight = 1.050×0.3×24=7-56 KN Im
EDL =
7.56+32=39.56 kN Im .

Wu = 1.4 (39.561+1.6255)=143.384 KN Im .

② ( Mu
)reg=WfI= 143.388440852=1901.45 KN.ms .

③ 01
'
( Mu ) 0.156 far b. d d h Os
prov = cover
-
.
. - - - -

979.55×10-6
2
0.156145 )( ) (
50-8-252=2018.5
= 300 = 1.05 -

KN . m .

> ( Mu ) prov
Ok → . = 979.5 .

④ k= 1901.45*45×300×979.5 = 0.147 .

⑤ z= 979.5
[0.5+75*74]=778 .
I 40.95×979.5=930.3 .
→ Ok .

⑥ As = 1901.45×1060.87×500×778.1 = 5617.7mm .

from table 70/32 ( As 5630 )

Try
3.10 → -_

#
300
BI shear .

①
Vu=WuzL_ =
143.382×10.82=774.27 KN -

774.272×103
4=1.43 =

300 X 979.5
= 2.6 .

MPa < 5M Pa .
→ OK ,

② from 3. Ll

1%12--1%9,8797=1.9
. .

a. .*
/I÷÷YoI¥÷÷
" . a. as .

1.
s÷÷÷
9
2
0.008

0.5
5N

D=
=
In

0.392
-
l . 2 -
2K +1.6 .

2=0 .
784 .

Ve = ( arf%zfg_§I= ( 4253143 . 0.784=0.95 MPa .

③ from table 3.12 -

check the condition .

0.95+0.4 L 2 -
640.8145T
1. 35<2 -
G s 5.37 .
ID condition €

> I 138
Assure bo.su#-gk1=300C2.6-Oa95)-
87 500 O
=
.

X
-

④ check 3.13 .

Try stirrups 012 @ 175mm .

check Smax 0.75 d .

= 0.75 (979-5)
= 734.6 > 300 → Not ok .

→ Use 300 -

⑤ Detailing .

012 @ 300 .

#
A5¥§##
012 @ 175
012 @ -
/

W - - - - - K

- Hh Ih
or

@%fd%%
 Design of RC slabs 151412019
way
• one .
.

of slab Rain forced beams

→ Design one
way
as a
singly
-
.

" " "

"
:÷ :
¥Iii ¥ "

'

• min . effective depth of slab ( dm in ) -

④
L #b
dm =I- ② -

in = -

safety
X 1.4
X
braaf braafgif
factor
• No stirrups Recommended for slab .

→ Area for steel in slab .

cont : Ere :÷÷:÷

.net .

as%F5ii.IEŽ8/sE@Ls5omm :

As > ( 0.13 4) As → fy= 500 MPa .

As -= Steel Rainforcment -

AE Area of concrete section Tf -

ft .

= 1000 Xt
of the slab
Emm
Fm Thickness f gj g X
-

j j
-

- Old is

•
Table 3.14 :
Basic span leffective depth radio ( 13581107 .

K
 slab Design
•
Example : .

rain forced floor to load CLL )

A concrete CRC ) subject an
imposed
4 KN/m2 .

f.eu = 35 MPa .

fy= 500 Mpa J

cover -_ 25mm .
f/y↳yzgo_yµ
the slab
→
Design mm
. .

① Depth of slab .

dmin-bas.io?aa?ox,.p--42S0--- -
152 mm = 155mm

simply table 3.14

support →
main bars of slab
→ assume
010 .

→ overall depth of slab ( Total thickness ) .

t=dt0z + cover .

EE '÷m ?
'
÷÷¥÷f¥ao .

② Loading .

.
: t -

- 185mm
DLLSLW kN Im
1=1,805-3×24--4.44 ?
5172=0 it not
→ Because is
givin .

it EDL
→ in case is
givin → take .

-DWu= 1.417L -11.62L .

= 1.4C 4.447+1.624 ) .

( Im
= 12.62 KN1m2 →
Apply
to -

stripe ) so we can use

the unit kN1m4m .

③ Design moment .

( My )req=wfI= 12.62848*52=28.5 kN hop Im .

'
( Mu ) prov - 0.156 far b. d
'
print table 3.22

= 0.156135 ) ( 1000 ) ( 1555 NO for the exam .

= 131.2 T.IE

→ ( Mu ) prov > ( Mu ) req

131.2 > 28.5 → OK ,

④ Main steel .

k-f.TT?j9dz--3s8j7oooNx9s-s-- 0.0334 -
 2- = d
[0.5+75-01.4]
= 155 [0.5-1725-0.0793-41]

= 148.9 mm so .
9d= 147 → Not ok .

→ use 147 .

( Mu )
o.Ify.z-o.IE?soxof9#g--446mmZ
As =
req
.

Refer to table 3.14

0/10 @ ( As
'

• use main tension steel 150mm prov = 523mm ) .

• Use for secondary steel 0/10 @ 250mm ( As prov

= 314 mm
'

) .

08 @ )
'
OR 200 MM ( As prov =
215 mm .

⑤ Detailing .

- 010 @ 250mm .

- 010 @ 150mm -

Hr Hr
of R L Columns
•
Design -
'

of coulmns prefer for highrise bldgs

Type
.

÷÷÷¥¥÷ :* ÷
:c .
. See .

(
stronger
type ) .

• Failure in coulmns .

Thx if

ill
'
' l
I
y ,

:L
: :
I

i
; i i

in
compression fail failure
Buckling
ur .
 To Colum
•

design s .

-
Short ( non -
slender ) contemn .

Long
( slender ) coulmn .

→
depend on slenderness Ratio

lex-his-oRII.SI/- -
for ur information .

µµ× , .

NICO
!
Apf atpuonntfreyssive

4 Feu Act (
capacity of

Asc
common

)
④
.
.
0.75 fy . .

Tcolumn Ttotal area of

longitudinal steel .

cross -
Sec .

⑧
O O O 0
g

plan
O
O O O O
o

- -

Htt :÷ :c
- main longitudinal
sea .

.in .
- -
min .
no -

4 bars 6 bars .

=
of Bars

Example -

A short braced column .

Fcu =
Mpa
30 , fy= 5001hPa . There is some

Pu -= Ultimate Axial load .

mistakes in
ppt
Pu = 1.4 Ppl 1- 1.6 PLL - 2000 KN Nots .

Assume Aso =3 -1 . Ac .

→ Determine column size .

→ for rectangle columns

N= 0.4 far Ac -10.75kg Asc
%
. .
. .

Assume b= 2000,82300
-
.

(2000×103)=6.4×3011 A- c) +6.75×500×0.03 Ac )

2000*9%3833 FLEE ? 'zoon

/

Amen
. .
.

on
.
.
Squire column h = 4302450 OR 500
b. =h=TAc= 2932300
1200
[ 11300 -
500
3€
.
 ch 4- of structural steel Element 231412019
Design .

Steel Rainforcment steel structure

# .

EE * TIE
• steel tablet section .
(
Design code -1355950 )

:¥E¥÷÷:n Tis :¥÷

.

in .ae#...:m..tEneifansu
(H - section ) .

Section .

Steel give u more spam ,

more ductile .
used for trusses

f f purlin
E f
-
f-

Tension & compression members

÷
②: : :
i IF ⑥ II Trae
.÷÷±
em

• Steel properties .

Area
A= ( 2b -
tf ) + ( h.tw )
Iff
.

¥¥¥÷I÷¥¥¥%±÷
Itf
"
Iy= ( 2bf.at#)+(tYIh )
=
Radius of Gyration Cr )

r×=F¥ ,
ry=T¥
Modulus of section ( s ) ( Elastic modulus )
Sx -

2ft ,
Sy=2bII
① Design of Tension Member .

an -_ Net area -

Gross cross Sec

Ag
= -
.

Effective ae=Ke
ae = net area .

an c ae
Cag -

sp effective net area coefficient .

if
for steel grade 5275 → Ke - 1.12
5355 → Ke = 1. I

5460 → Kee I specified min tensile

g-
.

other steel
grades → ke = strenth .

O -

Design strenth
in concrete grades or strewth far .
( from table 9) .

Example : -

a
plate of size 200415mm is used
plan .

as a tension member ,
have 2 holes for Sec .

Holes
(
Z.bdcatkso.gr?3smfnetdiarmosest9se' c. area . #
→
→ calls the effective net area .
G

Use steel 5275 t→

vs grade .

200mm

It Gross area .

200×15=3000 m m2
Ag
-
.

of bolts
2ft Net area .

(
no ,

an -_

=
t ( b -
n -

old Diameter of the hole .

15-(200-2427)=2340 2
mm
-

31 effective net area .

Ae Ke -

an .

= 1.2 ( 2340 )
= 2808mm Lag → OK .

→ Tension capacity ( Ptl .

Pt = Ae -
Py , Ae=E Aef 1.2 An .

An = total net area of a cross section ,

which is the gross area less
than the deduction for bolts hols

de = Ke .
An e de 1dg .
 • Table 33 .

standard hole size ( + ②

=

of
⑧ Lhote
mm

Diameter gab .

hols

except → D= 12mm = dtl

→ D= 27mm = d -13

Capacity of channels Iec Wiman 's welding

single angels or
.

• ,
.

→ connected from one leg

connected
- .

axial loaded member ✓

:L
→
Design as -

Leg can
@ Bolts connection .

for tension ← Ptepy ( Ae o . Saz )

unconnected
-

L
capacity ⑥
.

Welded connection Caz )

Leg
.
-

( Ae ) where Cag )
tf 0.3 a
az= ou
-

Py ,
-

• Effective area .

Ae -

@tfeoEsae9nIaIInieinzcanitann.A
del = Ke .

an , Kal '

I↳¥I
ae2=Ah2 €92 .

an = a , -
area of bolts holes in connected leg .

Anz - az=C Ag -
ai ) .

Ag= gross area of single angle .

a. =
gross area of connected leg .

are Axt .

OR a ,
= bxt .

are
Hos

an , = a , ( No Bolts ) .
.

an 2=92 = ( Ag -
di ) .
Example : -

to DL=7oKN
Design
a
single unequal angle carry ,
4=35 KN .

Steel
grade - 5275 .

ML factored load
Pu
= 1.417L -11.6 LL

= (1.4×70)+(1.6*35)
=
1541 kN .

Go

from table sheet → try angle 80×60×7 .

fL§LI7
21 bolt connected with long leg
→ assume the bolt did . = 20mm .

the bolt hole -_ 20-12=22 mm .

102=938
-

( from table )
'

31 Ag = 9.38cm X mm the .

E- 7mm 516 ( table 9)

→ Py = 275 MPa .

are connected leg = 80×7=560 mm ?

92 = As -91=938 -
560=378 mm
2
.

an , = a ,
- area of bolt hole .

= 560 -

(22×7) = 406 m m2 .

ae ,
- Ke -

ah ,
=
1.12×406=487 . 2 < ai ( 560 ) → OK ,

a
378mm ?
e2=az
=

→ Ae = a e
, + 9e2= 487.2+378=865 .
2mm
'
.

4ft tension capacity Cpt ) .

Pe -
Py ( Ae - 0.592 )
275
(865.2-0.513781)=185955
=

N X 103=186 KN > Pu - 154 KN → OK .

to
80×60×7 is
Angle
edqaated .
 Example : -
29/4/2019 .

Determine the axial resistance ( Tension

) of ( 80×60×6 ) angle section
"

capacity an mm .

⇐
T

Used as tie of steel 5275 2751hPa I /

!
a →

€
,
py=
.

end connection of bolts ( M 20 ) ,

bolt dia .
- 20mm .

gom µ

( from
'
•
Ag - 808 mm section table ) givin in this example
I
-1-1
80mm .

Bxt 80×6=480
'
•
af = mm

91=808-480--328
'
•
92 =
Ag -
mm .

hole -_ 201-2=22 .
Of ftp.atfsmm .

an -_ a ( hole Xt )
-

1=480
• , ,

? 80mm
-
(22×6)=348 mm

•
Ae ,
= Ke Xan ,
.

= 1.2×348=417.6 MMZ La , → OK .

•
9ez= 92=328 m m2

• Ae =
ae , + dez -_ 417.6+328=745.6 mm2 L Ag → OK .

Tension
•
capacity
Pt -

Py
( Ae -
o .
Saz )
(0.5×3281)×10-3 160 KN
= 2754745.6 -
= .

Example : -

Determine the tensile of 75×50×8 single Angle plate

capacity
in 5275 ,
hole size -18mm 8
-

a. 41
441km ?
•
Age
7s¥€÷
• a, = Axt = 75×8=600 mm ?
,
• 92 =
Ag -
al -_
941 -
600=341 mm ?

•
an ,
= ai -
( hole Xt ) = 600 -

(18×8)=456 mm ?

1.2×456=547.2 OK
'
• ae ,
= Ke Xan , = mm La , → .

• 9e2= 92=341 m m2
"
• Aes data ez = 547.2+341--888.2 mm L Ag → OK .

•
the Py ( Ae -0.5921=275 (888.2-0.513411)=197.4 KN .
② Design of Member ( coulmnsd struts )
compression .

P
f p
compression member subjected •
f -

to axial compressive
force
-41
1-
.

→
compression capacity .

R= Ag x Pc unit -
kN R= compression resistance ( capacity ) .

k= compression '
strength
R Z Fc = Nlmm Mpa .

Fc =
Factored compression force
E- 14 FDL -11.6 Fu .

reguierd from external load .

Tv
( Pul
'

req

Pc failed by
raohtspygkkifinq.cawban.IT If
Local Global .

• Slenderness Ratio ( X) .

X= LE LE = Effective length of coulmn .

r
r = Radius of Gy ratio .

↳ KL K= Effective ratio
=

length
.

↳ Actual coulmn length .

(
long )
Steel column → Slender column .

→ Non -
Slender ( short ) column .

FIFTIES Trossingen Fair

• Effective length for different end condition .

theoretical effective length .

I l l ! I
 →
Buckling Ranges by from the table .

Rolled
⑨ Flanges → Sec .

bys 15 E

→
Welded Sec .

g- ⇐ be
¥ No
( Sec .
local
No
buckling
slender ) .

⑤ web → Rolled I welded

4- SIETE → No local
buckling
in web .

where E-
GIFTS OR
F¥ I r2=(¥×p .

• Table 11 ( Not available in section sheet ) .

Xma×= 180 for member general

in
→ To ensure local
buckling is not an issue .

procedure for compression member

→
Design .

① Determine the reguierd compression force (E) From structural

Analysis .

② Select the steel grade ,

5275,5355 ,
5460

31 Assume the member thickness to select the design compression

( table 9)
strength py
④ Assume the effective length ( LE ) table 22 for appropriate
I
using
end .

⑤ Assume a trial value of Pc 12=10 .

Copy
-
0.8 Py )

⑤ Requierd Area by Ag=¥ → select a section with Ag

grey .

7ft @ Cakes .
Slenderness ratio CX ) .

⑧ Select the strut curve from table 23 .

② Select the compressive strength Cpc ) from table 24 .

81 cakes .
I ? =
Ag x k → check Imax .

if
⑨
} The section Adequate → Ok
is
¥ → .

1¥
→ Try bigger & Repeat the steps .
 self Wight not thickness .

Example
①
: -

, ⇐

check Section the

of 203×203×52 UC ( Universal
fzn.fm /
) of steel
grade 5275 to Ultimate
column
support an

( factored ) Axial KN
compressive load of 1250 I #

→ assume that both end held in position but are no

resistance in direction .

II check table 22 for mood LE IL

→ non
sway
-
=

② from table 9 → Based on

Hang thickness CT ) = 12.4mm .

→ 7=12 .
4mm 516 →
Py
= 275 MPa .

31 from Section table

by 8.17 ry=5 18cm

If 20.4
'

Ag - 66.4cm ,
=
,
.
,
=

41 check local Buckling -

→ for flange :# S 15 C-

8. 17€ 15M¥
257
8. 17£ 15 → Ok -

¥540 E

Ok local
204£40 → . → No Buckling
→ Not slender column .

51 check
global buckli
Slender ratio -=X=Ff=36oomm_= 69.5 < Xmas, → Ok .

51.8 180

→ from table 234 for thickness £40

Axial of ( weak axis ) y axis
→ buckling
-

y
.

→ Rolled H -
Sec .

curve C
→ .

→ from table 24 → 4=96.5270 → Pc = 181 Mpa .

El Pc Ag
=

12=3360×181×10-3
.

= 1200 KN .

Fc = 1250 KN S Pel 200 KN → Not ok

→ Selection is not Adequate

→ Try bigger Section → Try section 203×203×60 .
Example : -
6/5/2019 .

check the
ability of 960mm box column fabricated (
squire by
a

welding ) from withstand

thk 5355 to ultimate
30mm .

plate an axial
load of KN of 15M
compression 2200 over an
unsupported hight .

both end held in a

position but are provided no rest aint
→
Assuming
in direction .

( This load for a multi

story bldg ) .

I
-
- - -

Id
960mm
! Ism .

built Sec
I up
.

960mm

TIL • check F- 30mm >6

€40 →
Py= 345 MPa .
( From table 9) .

•
check effective length ( LE ) .

from Table 22 .

Non
sway , both end held in position & no rest aint in direction
LE = 1.00L ( from the table ) .

= 1×15=15 m .

21 → Since the box column consist of welded plate

Consider all in
→ web →
f- E40E
D= 960 (2×30)=900 mm .

If =
93001=30

⇐
TE5=t¥E=o.9
f- E 40 E

30 K 406.91=36 No local
→
buckling
Not slender columns .

3[/ Global ( These info the Sec table if standard )

buckling . in .
it is a Sec .
.

I = BI
12

960×9003 ) 9003 ) "

Ig =
( -
( goo -

= 1.61×10 mm
4

-12

Ag =
9602-900 '

= 111600mm
'
 try
=f¥= too = 380mm

snkesnsdfra ⑦ =
t =
135580£ = 39.4 Unit less

4ft The Sec . is welded box Sec .

Table 23 .

: T= 30mm 540mm .

→ for weak axis → consider ( curve B) .

→ for welded I or H or box sea .

345 MPa
°

:
Py =
.

MPa 345-20=325 Mpa

(
Pj ) = 20 = .
-

Py

Ifor next step in table 24 .

SI section capacity .
R
R -
Ag x K
=
111600×293×103=32700 KN > 2000 KN → OK
the
→ Adopt see .

oh 4- I -

Design of steel beam .

failure
zag
① Bending
Local -21 buckling
d#f
SI shear .

f¥ef
HI shear
buckling .

⑤ lateral torsional
buckling .

El Deflection .