EXPERIMENTAL MEASUREMENT

THEORY
(ENG503)

Topic
I. Classical design
II. Factorial design
III. search plan

Submitted By
Name: Eslam Medhat Sayed
 Benha University
Shoubra Faculty of Engineering
Mechanical Power Department

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If we want to know the differences between Classical design, Factorial
design and search plan we will need to give an example as next:
in our example it would probably be possible to conduct an experiment on the heat
exchanger in situ on the plant. However, better control of the variables would
normally be achieved by removing it and setting it up in the laboratory, although it
is unlikely that the operating conditions could he faithfully reproduced. Financial
considerations might eliminate both there possibilities and dictate a test on a suitably
scaled mode.
Once this decision has been taken the variables which are likely to affect or be
manifested by the system should be listed. These should be divided into the
dependent and independent variables and the latter should be classified into those
which have first order and second order effects. A note should be made of those.
which appear to be interactive. From the list the variables of interest can now be
selected. the remainder being classed as extraneous variables.
Having chosen the variables, a dimensional analysis may now be employed This will
almost certainly be necessary if a model is being used in order to verify, that the
model truly represents the full-scale system.
The next step is to decide whether to use a classical design, a factorial design or a
search plan.
I. The essential features of the classical design are that the effects of the
extraneous variables are isolated and one independent variable is varied-
whilst the others are held constant. The response of the dependent
variables is their recorded. This is repeated for the other independent
variables in turn. The classical design demands a high degree of control of
the variables, a requirement, which often cannot be met in field trials. If the
extraneous variables cannot be completely isolated and the experiment is
reversible, randomization of test points or "out and back" methods are
usually employed to highlight, their influence and minimize the likelihood
of obtaining misleading results.
 Benha University
Shoubra Faculty of Engineering
Mechanical Power Department

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In the case of a field trial on a component of a complex plant, eg the heat exchanger
previously mentioned, there are often severe limitations on the degree to which the
operating conditions may be altered without interfering with production.
II. Factorial designs are commonly used when dealing with multivariable
problems, even when a classical design is quite possible, since, they can offer
a considerable reduction in the number of observations necessary to
establish the relationship between dependent and independent variables.
III. Sometimes the objective is Co identify some optimum condition of the
system, in which case a search plan would be appropriate. This involves
choosing those values of the independent variables most likely to produce
the expected optimum condition, and concentrating observations in that
area