After the Industrial Revolution technology was advanced significantly.

Technology tends to replace labor-

based industries. Manual labor was replaced by technology. Artificial intelligence (AI) is one of the
innovations which replaces manual labor. Furthermore, it has been identified as the development of
machines and computers to complete tasks of human intelligence. Additionally, they use big data and
perform exceptionally (Benedick, Robert , & Traon , 2021). However, AI is together with certain
challenges such as

Obtaining and Storing Data:

Sensor data is the foundation of industrial AI, which frequently produces noisy and large datasets.

Although simulation, sometimes known as "digital twins," is employed, it can be difficult and costly to
compute.

Training Difficulties:

obtaining labelled training data is challenging, especially for uncommon occurrences like industrial
failures.

Cost and complexity of training machine learning models in real-world settings.

Testing Expenses and intricacy:

It is costly and disruptive to test AI systems in an industrial environment.

Though it has its own set of difficulties, simulation is frequently used.

Big State Areas:

The complexity of today's industrial systems makes training and development more difficult.

4.2 Operational Difficulties

Exorbitant Cost of Change and Failure:

In industrial settings, like predictive maintenance for aircraft engines, the cost of failure is extraordinarily
high.

the cost and difficulties involved in altering existing industrial setups.

The talent cost:

It is costly and difficult to find and keep talented workers (data scientists, engineers) when putting AI
solutions into practice.

Elevated Regulation Needs:

Industrial environments' compliance laws may clash with AI's adaptability objectives.

Changes in industrial processes must undergo thorough validation and verification according to
regulations.

4.3 Security Difficulties

Unpredictability of AI-based Industrial Systems:

Artificial Intelligence (AI) introduces challenges to the understanding and prediction of system behaviour
by making industrial control systems less deterministic.

Risk of Adversarial AI Exposure:

Attackers might take advantage of flaws in machine learning in vital industrial assets.

Defensive or functional ML/DM modules can be manipulated by adversarial AI techniques.

Accountability Distance:

It can be difficult to maintain legal compliance in dynamic, ever-evolving environments.

The uncertainty and adaptability of AI systems may not be adequately accommodated by current legal
and regulatory frameworks.

To sum up, Industry 4.0's adoption of AI brings with it operational challenges, security issues, and
technical complexity that set it apart from consumer and business applications. Addressing these
challenges requires a multidisciplinary approach involving technology, regulation, and talent
management.