School Grade Level 11/12

DAILY LESSON LOG Teacher Learning Area ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Department of Education Teaching Dates and Time WEEK 4 Quarter QUARTER 2
Session 1: Session 2: Session 3: Session 4:
I. OBJECTIVES
A. Content Standards

B. Performance Standards
Forecast the costs to be incurred.

a. Understand various cost types incurred by startups.

C. Learning b. Use financial forecasting techniques to project costs.
Competencies/Objectives
c. Identify cost-saving opportunities for the venture.
d. Monitor and adjust costs to ensure financial sustainability.

II. CONTENT COST FORECASTING

III. LEARNING RESOURCES
A. References
1. TG’s Pages
2. LM’s Pages
3. Textbook’s Pages
B. Other Resources
IV. PROCEDURES
In the previous lesson, we learned about In the previous lesson, we talked about Ask the students to share their
Ask the students to share their insights the different types of costs that startups forecasting costs for a new venture. experiences in managing their personal
1. Reviewing previous lesson or
from the previous lesson about may incur. Today, we will focus on how Today, we will continue with the same finances or if they have any knowledge
presenting the new lesson
forecasting revenues. to use financial forecasting techniques to topic and learn about identifying cost- about financial management in a
project these costs. saving opportunities for the business. business.
a. Introduce the topic: Forecast the
costs to be incurred, with a focus on
The purpose of this lesson is to enable the importance of monitoring and
students to forecast the costs to be adjusting costs to ensure financial
Introduce the objective of the lesson: to
incurred in their startup using financial The purpose of this lesson is to teach sustainability.
2. Establishing the purpose of the understand the different types of costs
forecasting techniques. By the end of the students how to identify cost-saving b. Explain that financial sustainability
lesson that startups incur and how to forecast
lesson, students should be able to use opportunities for a new venture. is crucial in ensuring the survival
them.
financial tools to project the costs that and growth of a business, and that
their startup may incur. monitoring and adjusting costs is an
essential aspect of financial
management.
3. Presenting examples/instances of a. Show a slide presentation or video We will present examples of startups that a. Example 1: Purchasing raw a. Provide examples of businesses that
the new lesson that explains the different types of have used financial forecasting materials in bulk can reduce the cost failed due to poor financial
costs that startups incur, such as techniques to project their costs. We will per unit and increase the profit management and inability to adjust

4. Discussing new concepts and
practicing new skills #1
5. Discussing new concepts and
practicing new skills #2
6. Developing Mastery
fixed costs, variable costs, direct
costs, indirect costs, and opportunity
costs.
b. Provide real-life examples of each
cost type and how they affect the
startup's profitability.
a. Facilitate a class discussion on the
importance of forecasting costs in a
startup.
b. Explain the methods of forecasting
costs, such as historical data
analysis, industry benchmarks, and
expert opinions.
c. Provide a case study of a startup and
ask the students to identify the
different cost types and forecast their
costs.
a. Introduce the concept of break-even
analysis and explain how it can help
a startup determine the minimum
revenue it needs to cover its costs.
b. Provide an exercise wherein the
students will compute the break-even
point of a startup given its cost
structure and pricing strategy.
a. Divide the students into groups and
ask them to create a cost forecast for
also use a hypothetical startup to
demonstrate how to forecast costs.
a. Introduction to financial forecasting
techniques
 Define financial forecasting
 Explain why financial
forecasting is important in
business
b. Forecasting techniques
 Discuss the different techniques
for financial forecasting (e.g.,
trend analysis, regression
analysis, cost-volume-profit
analysis, scenario analysis,
sensitivity analysis)
c. Cost forecasting
 Explain how to project different
types of costs (e.g., fixed costs,
variable costs, operating costs,
capital costs)
d. Practice exercise
 Students will use a financial
forecasting tool to project the
costs that their startup may
incur.
a. Using a financial forecasting tool
 Provide a demonstration on how
to use a financial forecasting
tool
b. Cost projection
 Using a hypothetical startup,
students will practice projecting
the costs that their startup may
incur using the financial
forecasting tool.
c. Review and feedback
 Review the projected costs with
the students and provide
feedback.
In groups, students will work on creating
a business plan for a new startup. They
margin.
b. Example 2: Reducing energy
consumption by using energy-
efficient equipment or turning off
lights and appliances when not in
use can significantly lower utility
bills.
a. Define cost-saving opportunities:
Explain what cost-saving
opportunities mean and how they
can be beneficial for a new venture.
b. Discuss the importance of cost-
saving opportunities: Explain why
identifying cost-saving opportunities
is essential for a new venture's long-
term success.
c. Discuss various cost-saving
opportunities: Explain different
ways businesses can save costs, such
as reducing overhead expenses,
optimizing production processes,
and leveraging technology.
a. Group discussion: Divide the class
into groups and assign each group a
specific industry. Ask them to
brainstorm ways that businesses in
that industry can save costs.
b. Presentation: Each group presents
their ideas to the class, and the class
can discuss the feasibility and
effectiveness of each cost-saving
opportunity.
a. Cost-Saving Game: Divide the class
into groups and provide each group
costs to changing market conditions.
b. Discuss examples of successful
businesses that were able to maintain
financial sustainability by
monitoring and adjusting costs.
a. Define the concept of financial
sustainability and explain why it is
important for a business.
b. Introduce the concept of cost
monitoring and adjustment, and
explain how it relates to financial
sustainability.
c. Discuss the different methods of cost
monitoring and adjustment, such as
cost-benefit analysis, budgeting, and
financial ratio analysis.
a. Practice forecasting costs using a
sample budget and financial
projections.
b. Discuss different ways to adjust
costs, such as reducing expenses,
increasing revenue, and changing
pricing strategies.
c. Discuss the importance of regular
review and adjustment of costs.
a. Provide a case study of a business
that struggled with financial

a hypothetical startup that they will
present to the class.
b. Provide a template that they can use
to list down the different cost types
and their corresponding amounts.
c. Monitor their progress and provide
guidance as needed.
a. Ask the students to think of a
personal project or endeavor where
they can apply the concepts and
7. Finding practical applications of skills they learned in forecasting
concepts and skills in daily living costs.
b. Guide them in identifying the
different cost types and how they can
estimate their costs.
Facilitate a class discussion on the
importance of cost forecasting in
8. Generalizing and abstractions
entrepreneurship and its relevance in
about the lesson
other aspects of life, such as budgeting
and financial planning.
9. Evaluating Learning
a. Ask the students to research a startup
and analyze its cost structure and
forecasting methods.
10. Additional Activities for
b. Provide remedial activities for
Application or Remediation
students who need further
reinforcement of the concepts and
skills learned.
V. REFLECTION
A. No. of learners who earned 80%
in the evaluation.
B. No. of learners who require
additional activities for
remediation who scored below
80%.
C. Did the remedial lessons work?
No. of learners who have caught
up with the lesson.
will then use the financial forecasting
tool to project the costs that their startup
may incur. Each group will present their
business plan and projected costs to the
class.
Students will be able to apply the
financial forecasting techniques they
learned in this lesson to their personal
finances, such as projecting future
expenses and creating a budget.
Students will be able to recognize the
importance of financial forecasting in
business and understand the different
techniques used in financial forecasting.
They will also be able to project the costs
that their startup may incur using
financial forecasting tools.
Evaluation will be based on the accuracy
of the projected costs and the clarity of
the presentation of the business plan.
with a budget to start a new venture.
Ask them to make choices about
expenses and identify cost-saving
opportunities throughout the game.
b. Class discussion: After the game, the
class can discuss which groups had
the most significant cost savings and
what strategies were used to achieve
those savings.
Students can apply the knowledge they
gain in this lesson to their personal lives
by identifying cost-saving opportunities
in their household expenses.
Students will understand that identifying
cost-saving opportunities is crucial for
any business, and it requires creativity,
innovation, and strategic thinking.
a. Ask students to research and present
case studies of successful businesses
that have implemented cost-saving
strategies.
b. Ask students to develop a plan to
reduce expenses for an existing
business in their community.
sustainability due to poor cost
management and have the students
identify opportunities for cost-saving
and adjustment.
b. Have the students create a cost-
monitoring and adjustment plan for a
hypothetical business.
Discuss how the concepts and skills
learned in class can be applied to
personal finance management, such as
budgeting and identifying cost-saving
opportunities.
a. Discuss the importance of ongoing
financial management and how it
can impact the success of a business.
b. Emphasize the need for flexibility
and adaptability in adjusting costs to
changing market conditions.
Evaluate student understanding through a
group discussion or individual
assessment.
D. No. of learners who continue to
require remediation.
E. Which of my teaching strategies
worked well? Why did this work?
F. What difficulties did I encounter
which my principal or supervisor
can help me solve?
G. What innovation or localized
materials did I use/discover which
I wish to share with other
teachers?