eee eee pee Example 3.2 A controller outputs a 4-20 mA signal to control motor speed from 140-600 rpm with linear dependence. Calculate (a) the current corresponding to 310 rpm (b) the value of current in (a) expressed as a percentage of control output. Solution (a) S,=KI+S,9 140=4K+S, (B3.2.1) 600 = 20 K + Sy (E3.2.2) Solving E3.2.1 and E3.2.2, K = 28.75 rpm/mA and Sj» = 25 rpm At 310 rpm, 1=9.91 mA (b) Expressed as percentage of 4-20 mA range, 91-4 p- 991 x 100 = 36.9% Scanned with CamScannerons 62 Process Convo Pntpes and APPICA ver tank is gradually losing heat ine system : 1e heater is on, the SY 2-4 pr mite, Ween Contras 0. i. on mine A 04 a aor arog poi of 323°K Pt he empentue Sh osltion pv. Ase at = 0, mF oth Solon ‘Assume we start atthe set linearly at 2°K per minute ‘Neutral zone of 4% implies temperature band of; 323 + (4/100) x 323 = 323 # 13 = 336°K, 310°K the temperature will start dropping linearly at Example 3.4 A wat 1 ag and a neutral zon sus time graph and set point and the h pint vale with heater ff then temperature wil drop From the set point (323°K), 2°K/min til it reaches 310°K. 323-21=310 = 16min Control lag is of 0.5 min, so the temperature wil further drop by 1 degree to 309°K. When the temperature reaches 309°K, heater becomes active and the temperature starts building up at the rate of 4°K/min til it reaches 336°K. 309 + 4 (7) = 336 = 11375 min Because of control lag, the time required will increase up to 14.25 min temperature would become 338°K, and the heater would be off 323 = 338-2 (1-14.25) = 1521.75 min, Oscillation period is 21.75 min, There is an us "1 ee indershoot of 1°K and over If neutral zone is reduced, time period will also reduce time response is shown in Fig. 3.4 reduce, The temperature ¥S POLELA Resor of stan —————e Scanned with CamScanner