Date : Tame of == yr 4 the Experiment » l leh CANT ->> Page No. : | Draw the 566 timer and _ monostable. murtivitnator | Derive_the frequency aseiliator_of- the following | OScillators U2. RC_phase. shift oscillator at woke piano ldgeostlinim. ck _oxtix ___ | and__its__ Applications 7 2. quae ee ee Eee pre —__| ‘OF Comparators Explain about _Amv_and it, applications _ I} 9) Block diagram of PLL and explain each beck 2 Applitatians of Prycey yrieers Fimetiona) Diagoarn : « a ap yi ; i S , Or se 1 Vy ia Af these ps anpanetr (fer a ait le oe } conte} sh =a —N - ma Crrqpavator ae ee rH “Amp a 9) APA (4 Devoe geneveitor | DDC-de Convesten: 4 D) amymmv i ©) Amlog freq, meters % tachomeleas D) Temperature measurement § contro 6) LR Transeh tlews D burglor and toxte alawms ¢) Voltage pegulators D njgtlal lagtc Convestsea gsv_timer tuec! ag Monestable multviingkoar A wid Ra BL hasty eee 4.8 | r; oe. ble imal ve i : connection _o. monostable mut” “ si zotemal_Ce ue fon of m = = j Geo, i, ARS hg olp somo mt wm av o agg aye s ove Copaci (or vortagem0 Operation +- In the stabliPty state Colp fs lod), the es Mp Slop holols transistor @) (ON) making the externa Copuitor c ft spourd, potential 4 > when oorve going bigger pulse les thoy ths, then ic beggers cHrghd) and S=154=) é Wy Ove 4 9'=05 the o wit be OF rE ] > vow the Olp of thmer fF High + Hence Capac y Charges SP porentia ly through R toward, Ye TD Atter a time pedod of Tp the capac? boy Voltage és gust, ‘ther thom 2/3 vec Ma the tne keh getter ah met > Eek Hip thp as Leet Cp=/) _) Voltase ACMSS CQPau*ter 3 Me = %e Cy -atlee) os At T= Tp.> Ve = 2h Vee i Heoce, 2p Vgc = Vee Li eRe) wa bist pein LA) Tp = I-lee aoe fp <) Tp = time Fotenvas hens -s fH te tht ts Gypend ome, the ofp of timetia vemains, HIGH tH the time! pe is elapsed ay om :SY Saad isle \busssyyy «1 ie Bering = 007 s0y bam ms Lb Bim coybal A . Mrz as.. fBe BSE oye | ° ter ch Paved CPR ONES oy ° Vee Oulpar ~ Apaiicatt on 2h FT aletect mising heast beat ‘th Wheel upeed contol and! measurement: ‘ \ seta | Operation : muheever ‘tle Digger pulse, $3 kev, the emflter dode of the banstitr @ ft fnvard biased. The capnertor 9° 4..Clarrpcd tp. 0-7Vv ~The o/p timer ge tb high ~ The ckt Is destgned to the mae pened of Muy IS shig tty an than of, the tigyenng pubes: ee ae borg the trgger have" trary s combag at pin-2 » the ofp remains — However, Ff 4 pulse messes, is high » the bansistr g Pray? 9 The 558 timer enters into the normal mopstable operations 2 The Op goes low ofter time (7) oF cee | Stable- ——— a. Ginat Farp Gercaaton a =v ‘i Cerstant “current generat), e ae iggee He le id | ole yo ol ie Zerarges L chante “Be ol Es u op? rr nd ve ® ‘ Si <2 ———— adPy pulse_width Modulation’ - vee PeTr’gger “LE [2 Galo signal NS tel E 2 Basitally a Minny with a modulating ip Ayal applied at pin-s~ By THE Oplication of Continous bhgger at pina ,a Sener oF O/p pulser One dotatned wo the duration of the ojp ube depends ov wedulating singal at pins the medubting Signal gets superimposed upm the ab exiting thre Shola voltage at Fovertig téimma} oF-ue. ~ This is um Changes the of the YC anol o,4 RL, UND? — ony % be_phase_shift » we 29) nen y na Pls Re on mele Y = D423 vst Wid, VilO Yse- Tes ° WD vil _ Yoo Use iP YDy Yien db ys, BO - se se i), vat t+ dt i et se wool et teWO, wls po ters ee yolprnt ee) LL ycomta] - yl tet L] votsr¢%elO = yliof[ brett) sc =. [+2e2c$ wes eyed = Ol 428 J 142208 Yl) = Ker at node Vin SBT Zig 25 a vy W-ValO = Vols) “lorry ., @- = are i WSN Bh Kie_at node Y!- : ; Ip t+ 27 diye els) “YO Yeo s YO => Use z Yee WE _ yi _ Yl, Yo se ge wl eee BE iO . Yoe PR ; wid yiot # se os Le J = 9 ip 56) pe zB)oe pe PbO of Re YI QV2ES _ val, Yel SD — MICO Tse oer eae YS. wtS> WlID, ¥%w&Dd i MeCS> — Vetere = - ¥ ts? © Tse = ee. ie. ss Yt — 2b, BCP wD Yse * Use Ee se te aye fy sup) Loe = wlio fe tre te dvewne DD ees) TH ORES 93 OO Qe vp CD = om the eects> HED - Val 20 2S Fr COOS HF SECS +? cf MeP_ pg; =~ 2O2=- = ome Ge aod Iapl =) > [E, ee ee 2 FEF BE CEOS HSPES eine = oprc2 — POF F CECE PF SRES TH be eee noe Ke. pr GO? = PCED FOCAL sep F! ae ) By bamrpaing write vel pots - crt OME a! KX ER SUR I OO" BEE w= Se” eeea by Comparing {oe Imagineny post ~ ; “ Be POR = BAury $ROW a x e+ te ee a4 4 Uo 25 | aes) oo! ab . Flin Bitge Oscillator Prineple ts “Aye a v2 “ Mos con 360" ss : a TRESS ry Gra se 5d fF LB Vy Bee (47. i) +(22) Ud] ter LHS (BG PPLe FB SE LGGSeBly 2 ee Tey 4 B24 54) + Gol AGG pe be a ral quantity HSA BGG =o WRAIG =! : _ loos : 7 Apa ae “i. pe - 34 4 Sanaa. |? sae a hPa = pe be a veal quantity rene PB aTRGtEG, Bek, GA~BrE pry; Avp2! NPS? wt?! Dm welt BS RSRE ST AC§ d ctf weary CG yz PMat > Yer Mat : \yces = Vat TEP Miat Mat) © Hee lt Ft Plat ~ “rat ae (11 EN Vat UrpperlPe = Var Pat aie =. YEU Ip £ Matl4pp tP Zie . 'P Toe eee we Lp L . ~ h aoe lp GE j \ tp a TRC = In 4B we AN T= Ren ith - ae Te 2b > T= 2pCLn FP Tp Arf 3 ppm ely S10 ms le Los er tle Re > theooe “ qhe effective voltage point 'p). Up wat vo-+ 3 Voau er a eae Vwonp* ag, ( Mae 4 Bie ‘ “wef)| i At tts , 6) Opamp swfith fron -Yat t ito Vramp . & Vigt- * Mb * Viamp~ (- Yootnp 9 = 9 Warmp Youpp> = 2 i Veowrp sat Volpp ~ 2 & Voat Yotpp? ~ Be at eae "2B taf Yor a ey este y % GARG Me or . z ~, Pap reste - & Comparator 86 “circuit which compare the signal voltage applied at one lp oF Oparnp - with a brown rererepce, Nolbagts go he another ip Spi Cure! 1S ae ‘yey Ideal chonacteristics ofa Com vies f j Mot a Yrs { ] Si ve) Gry & MwyMorpl bic AA 110 $760 Nattons (09/) / 160 93/1) me 37 Tel 87g MCE IG S7Y Comparator choxaetanitics } — t+ Spee! oF operation 2+ Atcerrocy 3 Comparatsitty of the olp biped of ean = ayy Iypltations ile el b2erm caossing detector 2 window detector 3- SchemPt-detector ee ic Tes if 220 Oassing detectnn ¢- wi?vy; & —wa4+e_ Vue 7 Mat WEEE Rte ee Wye > Medes Mart Bon Rete GPs j= 2B Mine Vatwa aly” > * hs Muriibratey uting Sss_ctimer : ey es ng_Sss_timer 2 - © fee to ofp OO WF Intemal ard extemal of. pny 2 Coble aautthitoetic) = — Vo eesuhen pote syply Ye 0 giveo + uc op fs —Yat Dit-makes he O° RL ole ts 4Yat 2 ft-makes S=)° when gt! § gizo of 4 high - ~> Due to this gp & OFF and the F6 albus Che extemal capacttor © t change towards +e Ty Ree 2 Fn %AwVec > ue ofp bs Yar CFAI,S*0) when g= 0) 91 Op 1 fw: 2g & ON, It dhichorze though a. Yarec? LC ofp £5 4Nsqt C B20) 5= 1D token gei,G'=O of ts high. 3 9, 1% OFF , fe chaase towords Voc 2 This process continuoes and the external wih be Charging and discharge bf ae Capacity Po Vee Currthrngua ly coy of +timey wit be hg wee TS al t= b 07 ge <) wow, the time taken’ chore drm 0 ave, — Hence, Wye ~ Vee a-ertec) ee to ~ O-4os ecOs gor the “time by Capatitten bo Change frm fp Vee to 2/3%Cc Thigh = H7- 4 ~ | ynence > Ty? 0°69 C&THIE e Olp of mer Ss fw while Capacibe is PO9RC~ O'U05RC = 0'°G9 PL 4m olis charge firm 2%/3vce Pree oy nente, "ae ~ Ee cr-etlee) t-0'69kRC Tw = 0: 69P2 c qotal time pened » T =Ty tT’ = 0:65 0G t 2PIE tree waning freq lt? = fepee Gu-sfeprde 7 Ducty, Cycle £0 = WAT = Thigy | CThigh* MoD . ~\AerD/ Ce) +2029 Sey eyele = , a ie duty cycle - cat #s)) C¢> +240) x100%/- | Applications of menpstotole mtitivibration *ee Gne Fe pefecé square voowe ety gfe cycle 50°/- ate (Rt RD) / Cyt 2R297 O75 : . a hence, 2-0 ,When, this is done then HE ~~" banister G1 7s divectly ~bervinec ted. * tcc 5 whith will charge damage ; PE and -finally , timer — sh DAL Ss > bo, the cht ts modified, ai shown Fo ty < wrth a diode paratel 60 ks. : ' 5 when supply CYce> ts given the capacitor chage | though Rs and OlPode to Y3Mec and oli’schaecy thmugh Pe and tem! D unb the | Caparit volte ge appNoo the cycle repeats ON >To obtam a peifect Squan wae CD ath duty cyte Ri must be a Combivation a | ® BEK_Genera»; - t +5v UL MN" i} ait tal dala a5, 150H eA 2 Jag sl279 He 0. c OEE = OOM 23}u)20r3 Phote locked loops :- ~E ts an ky L hiliin fo Th iugiem « pportan auilfng block fn linear JEie® ast si Stegner, eto sitee. oy Fregrency bionslation® ay AM- detection en Pe%. A igh Sl awh (abet jae the PE Consists Of 4 blocks ey UJ) Phase detec tor/ Comporvertor Ch? & low pass ff iter OS) - wat Ns dilly Error amp lifter ~ dv) Voltage Contrlled Oscillator CVC) ire ple gpet theough 3 stages dy free sunning mode. Gy capture mode- ais locked (a) Backing mode Transfer chasae: fensbia of PLE? lock vranae (Fed 1 apurtae yarre \ es a Taek to, Barge t- pe AL ts locked it am track greg, chamges fo the Incoming signals The yange oF freg's Over which the pu can matntain jock ‘with the fncoming signal 3s caljed the f wange yonge- the jock yange f (8 percentage Of foV Gin ha ‘The ar of freq’ der whith the PL Cin acquit fy Wufth an ip signal Tess also exprsiel 0s oy zy > dgc r t/- Sgt Cote +2uP , wy) uy) io time s- : , SE it the tolal tine toxen by PL | eitabitsh [00k Pg of FBC (PO i : ‘lp ile vlo op ahs. Peftrence ole . dems dulation Heo) yaa le Veo aN fi TENE ARE Aaha wy p regsnry Tmutiplization pitsion s— Mi low pas. oS voltage, Contr. Soke _., OsciNatoy - | | +h alvide by N network % inserted! blo vito output | and phase comparator output) yy te the vlo output frequenty ChD network and outpul & hy TH locked crate | yan the eked sta | fs passed To the divider of the adfvider networe pitas Hf tom Nt 3 A multiplication factor caso be ‘obtained W? ialue- | Is selected according to fhe reuted fp signa)- 2) Frequency banslation 3 ipo ty FeeD the op of the miner Contatns -fo2 hr | >The Wr sdects fo- ty only. . | Ls when the Pee ts in locked Slate bh L | > by the “Jotoming sont hb See He St | DAM detec cletection cutng pu: Fy signa) “lhe oe aoe WAU | the Mp Signab | <2Th on ane Con Gols the WO andot + ge Giles + - op Aller HO feguenty selecthe cuit that passes elecbre \ i ps of freguercis and attenuates the Signal of feauendes cence the ye leche Sitter. te US bard & called | Filters oft mnolag Digital Dpassive pte Corrponcoks DRE opamp active filter D Crystas filter In the passive signal , inctuctors become prblamatic | eBive to lavge fn Size, heavy, in welght 4nd | expensive Cost- expecially fow freguenty more No-o teams one reopareedl «