6. Study of EMG Aim: ‘To observe the EMG of a Patient nal conditioning unit 2. Adhesive tape EMG Electrodes with lead wires Procedure: 1. Paste the electrodes to the patient at suitable locations on the surface of skin muscles 2. Connect the electrode leads to EMG signal conditioning unit 3. Indicate the patient details and select the time required , paper speed to record EMG. 4. Switch ON the power supply of EMG signal conditioning unit to record the EMG of a Patient 5. The recorded EMG wave form is displayed on the monitor Results and Observations: 1. Recorded EMG sheet 2. Amplified version of Various peaks with their amplitudes e Precautions: 1. Electrodes should be placed correctly, 2. Patient should not move while recording EMG Placement of Electrodes:EMG Electrodes: Plastic Cup —— AgAgClh Electrodes DISC ELECTRODES \ Stainless = ——> Steel NEEDLE . SPIN ELECTRODE ELECTRODEEMG Recording setup: Oscilloscope Input —_ Speaker e Typical EMG wave form: FIG. 1.6 The waveshape of « typical EMG signal.9) Chapter 10 Fvc Menu Fo. 1901 FYE Menu Clickon FVC icon or press [f] to performthe test. © manewver should be selected The machine gives you the comparison of various parameters between 2 © maneuvers. You can accept the best maneuver. (The machine indicates which maneuveris better, based on FVC calculations). c © Chapter 10 FVC Menu Chapter 10 priration with fulleffort, followed by a maximum forced inspiration. ‘The test must be performed over 3 maneuvers. The test with the best 7 Fg. 10c2 New Resut Sub Menus Click or press fax} + [A] /[R] to accepvreject tops when flow rate falls below a minimum rate. To ually, clickon[Stop]buttonorpress []SeAce sAAl] onkeyboard.© Chapter 11 SVC Monu Click on SVC icon or press [3] to performthe test. Clickon Start icon or press [2]. c panier v4 SVC Menu ‘svc Maneuver So * execute aMaximum inspiration * Broouteaslon maximum expiration. + Breathe normally (optional), j + Remove mouthpiece ‘re test must be performed over 3 maneuvers The test wit maneuver: ‘should be: selected. . The machine gives’ maneuvers. YO! - Wihichmanewveris Go oan t nthe be Ay seteChapter 12 Clickon MVViconor press [i] toperformthe test Clickon Start icon or press @. ens on the screen. To select ication test, click on Pre Mc he dialog box and perfor e Chapter 12 MVV Menu MVV Maneuver / Tpicermoanpi cee ent cake deep la of and 3, teal % «Remove neue Ss so tot mest Poorer oor 8 marewe's. The st wth he be manewver should be selected. Tre machine gives you the comparison of various parameters bemeon TFemeuvers, You can accept the best manewver. (The machine ncicatew, based on MWcalculations) Fi. 11.02 New Resutt Sub Menu Clickorpress 4) + EI /[E] accepurejectnew8. Study of Defibrillator Aim: To study the operation of Defibrillator system (Demo type defibrillator Apparatus) Apparatus: 1. Defibrillator system 2. Dummy patient 3. Paddle shape electrodes ‘Theory: 1 Defibrillation means correction of “fibrillation.” 2. Fibrillation: Very rapid irregular contraction of Muscle fibers of the Heart 3. The devices used for the defibrillation are called defibrillators Procedure: 1. Connect the D.C Defibrillator to the mains 2. Putall control knobs at zero position & Make the mains switch ON, Pilot lamp lighted 3. Connect the Electrode pads at electrode socket 4, Select the mode as SYNC or INT > Inst Mode: Inst LED ON, Press charge and adjust the energy by Energy control. The energy meter shows the energy Now apply the electrodes on the demo patient, Press the hand switch and energy to the patient P > Syne Mode: Connect the SYNC input, Sync LED ON and OFF, ifnot adjust Threshold controlled &adjust the energy Now apply the electrodes on the demo patient, Press the hand switch. Syne pulse appears the energy to the patient and release the hand switchDefibrillator Circuit Diagram and Waveform: DC defibrillator discharge clormy9. Measurement of Heart Sounds (PCG) Aim: To listen different heart sounds generated in the heart using Phonocardiograph Apparatus: 1. PCG signal conditioning unit 2. PCG sensor 3. Head Phones 4. Digital storage Oscilloscope Theory: Y 1. Heart sounds are acoustic phenomenon resulting from the vibrations of the cardiac structures. 2. Generally the heart sounds are due to the valves. 3. Heart sounds classification > First heart sound > Second heart sound > Third heart sound > Fourth heart sound the closing and opening of Characteristics of Heart sounds: First heart sound: Origin: It is produced by a sudden closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves associated with myocardial contraction. Timing: The low frequency vibrations occur approximately 0.05see after the onset of the “QRS” complex of the ECG, Duration: The first heart sound lasts for 0.1 to 0.12 sec Frequency: The first heart sound rai inges from 30-SOHz Ausculatory area: The first heart sound is best heard at the apex of the mid pericardium, :BE Se Second heart sou * Origin: Due to the vibration setup by the oe semilunar valves i.e. the closure of aortic an' pulmonary valves. A Timing: The second heart sound starts approximately 0.03-0.05sec after the end of “T” wave of the ECG. Duration: This lasts for Ce Frequency: The frequency is up to z. 7 eas area: The second sound is best heard in the aortic and pulmonary areas. Third heart sound: : " Origin: The third heart sound arises as the ventricles telax and internal pressure drops well below the pressure in atrium. Timing: This starts at 0.12-0.18sec after the onset of the 2nd heart sound, Frequency: 10-100Hz Ausculatory area: Best heard at the apex and left lateral position after lifting the legs. Fourth Heart sound: ° * Origin: Due to atrial contraction. Timing: The fourth heart sound starts approximately 0.12-0.18sec after the onset of the P-wave, Duration: The sound lasts for 0.03-0.06sec, Frequency: 10 to SOHz Ausculatory area: Because of its ext frequency it is inaudible. ‘tremely low Procedure: "1, Connect the sensor to the PCG kit - Connect the head phones to the slot provided on the kit - Place the sensor on different areas of the - Switch ON the power supply of PCG sigi to listen the Heart sounds of a Patient . Filter ‘wheel is adjusted to listen different 6. By connecting Digital storage Oscilloscop waveforms generated due to flow of bloo RUNS chest shown in figure nal conditioning unit wa heart sounds clearly © We can record the d (Locations of Heart sound)i t sounds: Placement of PCG sensor to listen Hear JK Mca : 0 oro dred - Trieus, o_o \ , | S —Hitral areqBlock Diagram of PCG recording setup: Monitor Condenser Phono |) Filter | at one Microphone Amplifier —| FM Tape ECG »| BCG. > recorder Electrodes AmplifierSeonmmenenesssaneneieetal = Heart sounds Waveforms: eimm Hg) Bioon pew' : > nd wd Atno! ' r Nota! 8 Aare stenOs!s ul 1 Mitval regurgitation ! ' \ 0 i "| 1 ' 1 i ' Aoruc regurgitation ' € Nnsnelfp——— b i Matral stenosis « Dastle Systole Diastole en