àH$meH$ : lrdëb^{dÚmnrR>-lr{dÆ>boídaà^wMaU Am.hmo.Q´>ñQ>.

d¡^d H$mo-Am°nao{Q>d gmogm`Q>r

nwZm-~|Jbmoa amo‹S>, H$moëhmnwa.
‘hmamï´>. 416008.
AdVmadXmdbr
3 gånmXH$ : Jmoñdm‘r í`m‘ ‘Zmoha

àW‘g§ñH$aU : {d.g§.1976=B©.g.1920.

{ÛVr`g§ñH$aU : {d.g§.2063=B©.g.2007.

(dmXm… : 10-24) à{V : 1000

{Z…ewëH${dVaUmW©

‘wÐH$ : a‘m AmQ²>g© ,²

4, MwZmdmbm BÝS>pñQ´>Ab² EñQ>oQ²>,
H$m|{S>{dQ>m, A§Yoar (nyd©),
‘w§~B© : 400059.
 {df` : OrdmË‘m ñdê$noU {ZË` {MÐÿn VWm AUwn[a‘mU hmoZona ^r
^JdmZ²H$s hr ì`m‘mo{hH$m ‘m`mHo$ à^mdde ñd`§ AnZm ñdê$n OmZ Zht nmVr
h¡. Bg ì`m‘mo{hH$m ‘m`mHo$ H$maU nZno {ZO ñdê$nHo$ AkmZgo Nw>Q>H$mam Vmo
na‘mË‘mH$s eaU‘| OmZodmboH$mo hr {‘bVm h¡. ^JdmZ²H$s eaU‘| OmZodmbm hr
ñd`§Ho$ ~«ô‘m§e hmoZoH$s Vah ñdmÝV…pñWV na‘mË‘mÛmam ñd`§Ho$ {Z`pÝÌV hmoZoHo$
VÏ`H$mo OmZ nmVm h¡.
g§e`-nydn© j : eara‘| ahZodmbr OrdmË‘mH$m AUwn[a‘mU hmoZm AZoH$
Ý`m`-d¡eo{fH$ gm§»`-`moJ ‘VHo$ àdV©H$ {MÝVH$m|H$mo A‘mÝ` hmoZogo VWm
AUwn[a‘mU hmoZoH$s H$moB© ñnï> Cnn{Îm ^r {XIbm`r XoVr Z hmoZogo, Vm{H©$H$m|Ûmam
ñdrH¥$V AmË‘mHo$ {d^wn[a‘mU hmoZoH$s YmaUm hr C{MV bJVr h¡.
{gÕmÝV : AUwn[a‘mU Z hmo Vmo earan[a‘mU hmoZona Vmo AmË‘mH$mo A{ZË`
‘mZZm n‹S>oJm. AWdm gd©Ì {dÚ‘mZ ‘mZZona g^r earam|‘| CËnÝZ hmoZodmbo H$‘©
Am¡a CZgo OÝ` gwI-Xw…Im|Ho$ gmW ^r H$V¥©^md Am¡a ^moŠV¥^md go gån¥ŠV Cgo
‘mZZm n‹S>oJm. AV… AmË‘mHo$ ì`mnH$ hmoZoH$s H$Wm gwg§JV Zht bJVr.
{ZÐmH$mbrZ gwIe`ZHo$ ñ‘aUde VWm lw{VdMZde ^r AmË‘mH$m {MÐÿn EH$
~ma {ZpíMV hmo OmZona AmË‘mHo$ AUwn[a‘mU hmoZoHo$ ~mao‘| ^«mpÝVde Xr OmVr
AZwnn{Îm`m§ ~hþV Jå^ra Zht bJVr h¢.
12.Ordà{V{~å~m{Xê$nIÊS>ZdmX :
{df` : XoeH$mbñdê$nHo$ {Ì{dY n[aÀN>oXgo a{hV gpÀMXmZÝX ~«ô‘‘|
Ordm|H$mo AUwn[a‘mU nma‘m{W©H$ {MX§e ‘mZZoHo$ ~Om`, em§H$a doXmÝVàñWmZ‘|,
‘m`m A{dÚm `m AÝV…H$aU ê$nr Cnm{YAm|‘| à{V{~på~V AdpÀN>ÝZ `m
H$pënV ~«ô‘m§e ‘mZm OmVm h¡. AÝ` Hw$N> {MÝVH$ A{d^ŠV An[apÀN>ÝZ
AmH$memon‘ ~«ô‘ê$n AmYma‘| {d^ŠVV`m A{Y{ð>V n[apÀN>ÝZ {MX§e Cgo
‘mZVo h¢. Vrgao Hw$N> XÊS>{d{eï> nwéfHo$ hñV‘| AdpñWV XÊS>ê$n {deofUH$s
Vah Cgo {MX§e ‘mZVo h¢. n[apÀN>ÝZ n[a‘mUdmbo OrdHo$ An[apÀN>ÝZ ~«ô‘go
AË`ÝV {^ÝZ hmoZona ^r MoVZ hmoZoHo$ AW©‘| Am¡a ~«ô‘Ho$ gÑe hmoZona ^r
7 8
CgH$s VwbZm‘| Aënn[a‘mUdmbo hmoZoHo$ AW©‘| ^r Cgo A§e ‘mZm J`m h¡. BZ
‘Vm|H$mo ewÕmÛ¡V~«ô‘dmXH$s Ñ{ï>go CnnÝZ H¡$go ‘mZm Om gH$Vm h¡?
g§e`-nyd©nj : lw{V Am¡a gyÌ go {déÕ hmoZoHo$ H$maU OrdH$mo A§eê$n
‘mZZm C{MV Zht. AVEd ^JdX² J rVmHo $ ""‘‘¡ d A§ e mo Ordbmo H o $ ''
(^J.JrVm.15&7) Bg dMZ‘| ^r OrdHo$ ^JdX§e hmoZoH$s ~mV à{V{~å~ê$n
A§e hmoZoHo$ ê$n‘| hr Š`m| Z ñdrH$ma boZr Mm{h`o? AWdm An[apÀN>ÝZ ~«ô‘go
{^ÝZ n[apÀN>ÝZ n[a‘mU hmoZoHo$ AW©‘| OrdH$mo ~«ô‘H$m A§e ‘mZ boZm Mm{h`o.
{gÕmÝV : OrdHo$ ñdê$nHo$ ~mao‘| `o {d{dY YmaUm`| Z Ho$db `wpŠV~m{YV
h¢ A{nVw lw{VdMZm|Ho$ ^r ñdma{gH$ A{^àm`H$m ^br^m§{V AdJmhZ H$aZona
ñdrH$m`© Zht bJVr h¢. Eogm ‘hmà^w lrdëb^mMm`©MaUHo$ dMZm|Ho$ Ame`H$mo
^br^m§{V öX²JV H$aZona g‘Pm Om gH$Vm h¡.
13.lr‘X²^mJdVñdê$n{df`H$e§H$m{ZamgdmX :
{df` : lr‘X²^mJdV ‘hmnwamU doX-doXmÝVH$m gmaê$n VWm g^r nwamUm|‘|
‘yY©Ý` nwamU h¡. ñd`§ doXì`mgH$mo BgHo$ àU`Z H$aZona hr AnZo AH¥$VmW©
hmoZoH$m IoX {Zd¥Îm hþdm Wm. {’$a^r BgHo$ Aï>mXe nwamUHo$ AÝVJ©V hmoZo `m Z
hmoZo Ho$ ~mao‘| ‘V^oX {XIbm`r XoVm h¡.
g§e`-nyd©nj : Š`m|{H$ doXm|H$s emImAm|Ho$ {d^mOZ, ‘hm^maVàU`Z,
~«ô‘gyÌm|H$s aMZm VWm AÆ>mah nwamUHo$ {Z‘m©UHo$ ~mdOyX n[aVmof àmßV Z
hmoZona Bgo ‘h{f© doXì`mgÛmam àH$Q> H$aZoH$s H$Wm d{U©V hþ`r hmoZogo Bg
^mJdVnwamUH$mo AÆ>mah nwamUm|go ~{h^y©V ‘mZZm hr C{MV bJVm h¡. `h H$Wm
^r ñd`§ lr‘X²^mJdV‘| hr ‘h{f© doXì`mg Am¡a ‘w{Z ZmaX Ho$ g§dmXV`m Jw§{’$V
h¡. ñd`§ nwamUm|‘| {‘bVo nwamUbjUHo$ AZwê$n Z hmoZoHo$ H$maU ^r Bgo AÆ>mah
nwamUm|Ho$ AÝVJ©V ‘mZZm `wpŠVg§JV Zht bJVm h¡.
 {gÕmÝV : Bg {df`‘| `h kmVì` h¡ {H$ à‘wI nwamUm|H$s AÆ>mah g§»`m
Am¡a CZHo$ bjU Ho$ gmW gd©Wm AZwê$n hmoZoHo$ H$maU Bgo ‘hmnwamU ‘mZZm hr
C{MV h¡. `h ‘hmà^wHo$ VÎdmW©Xrn{Z~ÝYHo$ AdbmoH$Z H$aZona ^br^m§{V
g‘P‘| Am hr gH$Vm h¡.
14.^pŠV‘mJu`monXoem{X{df`H$e§H$m{ZamgdmX :
{df` : ^JdmZ²H$s g¥pîQ>brbm‘| gm§gm[aH$ ~ÝYZm|go {d‘wpŠV nmZoH$mo g^r
X¡dr Ord A{YH$mar hmoVo h¢. CZH$m CÕma CZHo$ A{YH$maHo$ AZwgma eaUmJ{V
`m AmË‘g‘n©Uê$nm ^pŠV Am{X ‘mJm]Ho$ Ûmam hmoVm h¡. `h VÎmÝ‘mJm©ZwHy$b
AmË‘moÕmaHo$ Cnm`m|H$m CnXoe àXmZ H$aZodmbo AmMm`©Ho$ Ûmam gånÝZ hmoVm h¡.
g§e`-nydn© j : `h Vmo R>rH$ h¡ naÝVw àn{Îm `m ^pŠV Am{X ‘mJm]Ûmam
CÕma Omo X¡dr Ord {ÛO Zht hmoVo CZH$m hr hmoVm h¡. Š`m|{H$ Jm`ÌrXrjmHo$
g§ñH$maÛmam g§ñH¥$V {ÛOm|H$m CÕma Vmo lm¡V-ñ‘mV© gmYZmAm|Ûmam hmoZm hr
CnnÝZ bJVm h¡. AVEd doX‘mVm Jm`ÌrHo$ CnmgH$ hmoZoHo$ H$maU {ÛOOmVr`
Vmo g^r emŠV hr hmoVo h¢, ZVmo e¡d Am¡a Z d¡îUd hr. BgHo$ AZwH$ënV`m
doX~mh²` OZm|Ho$ {b`o VmpÝÌH$s lrd¡îUdr XrjmH$m ^r {dYmZ {‘bVm hmoZogo dh
^r ‘mZr Om gH$Vr h¡. H$W‘{n eaUmJ{V `m AmË‘g‘n©Uê$nm ^pŠV H$s H$Wm
Vmo CnnÝZ Zht hmoVr.
{gÕmÝV : `hm§ {dMmaUr` h¡ {H$ g^r {ÛOm|Ho$ gm‘mÝ`ê$noU emŠV hmoZoH$m
{Z`‘ Š`m OÝ‘de ñdrH$maZm AWdm g§ñH$maÛmam {H$gr A{Ve`Ho$ AmYmZde?
`{X OÝ‘Zm ñdrH$maVo h¢ Vmo {H$gr {ÛOHo$ åboÀN>Y‘©H$mo AnZm boZona ^r CgH$m
emŠV hmoZm {Zd¥Îm Zht hmo nm`oJm. `{X åboÀN>Y‘© AnZm boZona ^r emŠV
hmoZoH$m ê$n {Zd¥Îm Z hmoVm hmo Vmo Cgo åboÀN>Y‘©go g§H$sU© Y‘© ñdrH$maZm n‹S>oJm.
AV… {Zd¥Îm hmoZm ñdrH$maVo h¢ Vmo d¡îUdr XrjmÛmam ^r Cgo {Zd¥Îm hmoVm ‘mZZo‘|
H$moB© Amn{Îm hmoZr Zht Mm{h`o. AV… eaUmJ{V VWm AmË‘g‘n©Uê$n ~«÷gå~ÝY
H$s XrjmAm|H$mo d¡îUdVm àXmZ H$aZodmbr XrjmAm|Ho$ ê$n‘| ñdrH$ma boZm
Mm{h`o. `hm§ Hw$N> bmoJ Eogr e§H$m H$aVo h¢ : Xoh Am{XH$m ~«÷gå~ÝY H$amZm
Š`m Xohm{X‘| ~«ô‘H$m AÜ`mg {Z‘m©U H$aZm h¡ AWdm ~«ô‘‘| Xohm{XH$m AÜ`mg
9 10
H$aZm? Jm`-Kmo‹S>m-Ðì` Am{X {H$grH$mo g‘{n©V H$a XoZoHo$ ~mX CZ‘| CÝh| O¡go
AnZm Zht ‘mZm OmVm d¡go Xohm{XH$mo ~«ô‘H$mo g‘{n©V H$a XoZona Š`m Xohm{X‘|
CZHo$ AnZo hmoZoH$s ~w{Õ {Zd¥Îm hmo OmVr h¡ `m Zht? `{X {Zd¥Îm Z hmoVr hmo Vmo
g‘n©U hþdm Zht ‘mZm Om gH$Vm Am¡a {Zd¥Îm hmoZoH$s ~mV Vmo àË`jgo {déÕ
bJVr h¡. AV… bmoH$‘| Xohm{XHo$ AnZo hmoZoH$s AZw^y{VHo$ gmW Vmb‘ob Z
aIZoHo$ H$maU `h g‘n©U eŠ` Zht bJVm. Xohm{X‘| ñdËdHo$ {dZmeH$s ~mV
gmoMZona Vmo ~«ô‘H$mo An©U H$a XoZona Om{VZme ^r ‘mZZm n‹S>oJm. Eogr gmar
e§H$m`| {gÕmÝVHo$ ahñ`Ho$ AkmZde C^aVr hmoZogo dñVwV… Vmo VwÀN> hr h¢.
Š`m|{H$ ~«ô‘H$mo {H$`o OmVo Xohm{XHo$ g‘n©UHo$ ~mX Amhm`©~w{ÕÛmam Eogm ‘ZZ
Amdí`H$ hmoVm h¡ {H$ `o g^r Hw$N> ~«ô‘Ho$ h¡.
BgHo$ Abmdm BZ XmoZm| ‘ÝÌm|H$m ›H$mad{O©V hmoZm, Ong§»`mH$m {Z`V
Z hmoZm, OnHo$ AÝV‘o hmo‘mon`moJr Ðì`H$m CëboI Z {‘bZm, XrjmXmZmW©
{d{hV ‘mg-nj-{V{WH$m AZwëboI, BZ ‘ÝÌmoH$s XrjmHo$ hoVw `mo½` A{YH$m[aVmHo$
bjUH$m A^md, g^rH$mo EH$ hr ‘ÝÌH$m CnXoe {Z{fÕ hmoZogo {gÕmÝVd¡narË`
Am{X AZoH$ AZwnn{Îm`m§, BZ ‘ÝÌm|Ho$ ^pŠV‘mJu` hmoZoHo$ VÏ`go g‘m{hV hmo
OmVr h¢. {’$a^r ñdÀN>ÝXVmHo$ {ZdmaUmW© Hw$N> {Z`‘ Vmo ‘mZo hr J`o h¢.
‘ybmMm`©Ho$ ‘mhmËå`de ñd`§ JwéH$s `mo½`VmH$m ^r àíZ gmåàXm{`H$ ì`dñWm‘|
~hmoV Jå^ra Zht ‘mZm J`m h¡. gåàXm` Am¡a AmJ‘ Vmo AZoH$ hmoVo hmoZoHo$
H$maU gmYZm{^‘mZË`mJmpË‘H$m eaUmJ{V VWm AmË‘g‘n©UmpË‘H$m ^pŠV H$s
BZ XrjmAm|‘| H$moB© XyfU gmoMm Zht Om gH$Vm.
15.^JdËà{VH¥${VnyOZdmX :
{df` : Xodm{YXod na~«ô‘ na‘mË‘m ^JdmZ² lrH¥$îU hr g¥{ï>‘| gd©ê$n
YmaU H$a àH$Q> hþdo h¢; AV… CZHo$, gdm©ÝVd©Vu hmoZona ^r Jwé VWm à{V‘m
Am{X ê$nm|‘| ^ŠVm|Ho$ {b`o ^pŠV^mdde do {deof nyOZr` hmoVo hr h¢.
g§e`-nyd©nj : `hm§ g§e` `h hmoVm h¡ {H$ ~«ô‘g¥ï> dñVw‘mÌ‘| ~«ô‘Ho$
Xmofa{hV gd©g‘ hmoZoH$m {gÕmÝV `{X ‘mZm Om` Vmo {H$gr ñWb{deofna Cgo
A{YH$ nyOZr` ‘mZZm AÝ`Ì Cgr ~«ô‘H$s AdkmH$s ‘Zmod¥{ÎmH$mo ~‹T>mdm XoZoH$m
 &&AdVmadmXmdë`m§&&
Ì`moXe…
&&lr‘X²^mJdVñdê$n{df`H$e§H$m{ZamgdmX…&&
(‘§JbmMaU‘²)
doXdoXmÝVgma§ `X² ì`mgIoX{ZdV©H$‘²&&
‘hmnwamU‘yY©Ý`§ lr‘X²^mJdV§ ñVw‘…&&1&&
({df`g§e`m¡)
AÌ BX§ {dMm`©Vo : lr^mJdV‘² Aï>mXenwamUmÝVJ©V‘² A{V[aŠV§ dm? qH$
VmdV² àmßV‘²?
(nyd©nj…)
(Aï>mXenwamUm{Z H¥$Ëdm MH«o$ {h ^maV‘²&&
ì`mgñVoZmß`gÝVwï>mo OJmXoX§ VXo{V {h&&2&&
ì`mgZmaXg§dmXmV² ñd`§ ^mJdVmo{XVmX²&&
VëbjUmZZwJ‘mÝZoX‘ï>mXeo ‘V‘²&&3&&)
A{V[aŠV‘² B{V. Hw$V…? àW‘ñH$ÝYo ì`mgZmaXgådmXo doXì`mgñ`
^maVH$aUmoÎma‘² An[aVwï>m¡ ZmaXmonXoeV… EVËH$aUmoŠVo…. ""Aï>mXe nwamUm{Z
H¥$Ëdm gË`dVrgwV… MH«o$ ^maV‘² Am»`mZ§ doXmW£: Cn~¥{hV‘²'' (ñH$.nw. &
& ‘Ëñ`nwam.53&69) B{V ñH$mÝX‘mËñ``mo… dmŠ`o "º$‰m'àË``oZ ""doX§ H¥$Ëdm
do q X H$amo { V'' (Amn.lm¡ . gy . 7&3&10) B{VdV² nw a mU^maVH$aU`mo …
nydm©na^mdàVrVo… VXw^`H$aUmoÎma§ lr^mJdVH$aU§ {gÜ`{V B{V A{V[aŠV‘²
BX{‘{V.
(CÎmanj…)
AÌmoÀ`Vo@ÝVJ©V§ VV² nwamUoîdñ` bjU‘²&&
73
g§»`m MmoŠVm VXÌmpñV VoZoX§ Zm{V[aÀ`Vo&&3&&
VWm{h ""`Ì A{YH¥$Ë` Jm`Ìr dÊ`©Vo Y‘©{dñVamo d¥ÌmgwadYmonoV§ VX²
^mJdV‘² Bî`Vo. gmañdVñ` H$ënñ` ‘Ü`o `o ñ`w… Zam‘am…, VX²dÎ¥ mmÝVmoX^
² d§
M¡VV² nwamU§ n[aH$sË`©Vo. Aï>mXeghòm{U nwamU§ VV² àH$s{V©V‘²''
(‘Ëñ`nwam.53&20) B{V ‘mËñ`o, ""J«ÝWmo Aï>mXegmhòmo ÛmXeñH$ÝYgpå‘V…
h`J«rd~«÷{dÚm `Ì d¥ÌdY… VWm Jm`Í`m M g‘maå^g² VÛ¡ ^mJdV§
{dXw…'' (ñH$.nw. & & ) B{V ñH$mÝXo M nÄM‘nwamUbjUo EVñ`¡d CŠVo…. ZM
*
ñWybgyú‘{d^oXoZ C^`gm‘ÄOñ`‘²* B{V dmÀ`§ g§»`mopŠV{damoYmnÎmo….
(XodrnwamUñ` ^mJdVËd§ gå^d{V Z dm)
ZM *EVëbjUH$‘² AÝ`X²* B{V dmÀ`‘², Aà{gÕo…. ZM *""^JdË`m…
BX§ ^mJdV‘²'' B{V `moJmV², ""Z‘ñH¥$Ë` {edm§ Xodt edª ^mJdV§ VWm nwamU§
gåàdú`m{‘ `Wm CŠV‘² F${f{^… nwam'' (Xo . ^m.nw a m.1&1&1) B{V
XodrnwamUmÚnÚo "^mJdV'nXmV² M XodrnwamU‘od VX²* B{V dmÀ`‘², CŠV`moJñ`
H$mën{ZH$ËdmV². T>H$m AUmo ~mYmX² B{V H$píMV²nm.{Q>.. dñVwVñVw XodrnwamUmÚnÚñW-
"^mJdV'nXñ` "ed©'nX{deofUËdoZ CŠV`moJmZwnï>å^H$ËdmV² {edñ` d¡îUdËd§,
""d¡îUdmZm§ `Wm eå^w…'' (^mJ.nwam.12&13&16) B{V ÛmXeñH$ÝYmX²,
""^ñ‘moÕ{ÿ bVXohñVw OQ>m‘ÊS>b‘pÊS>Vmo Ah§ Ü`m`m{‘ V§ {dîUw§ na‘mË‘mZ‘²
Aì``§ {dîUmo…
nm.{Q>. : ""pñÌä`mo T>H²$'' (nm{U.gy.4&1&120) B{V ñÌràË``mÝVoä`mo
AnË`mW} "AU²'~mYoZ "T>J'² {dYmZñ` gm‘mÝ`{Z`‘Ëd^«mÝË`m "^mJdVo`‘²' BË`od
à`moJ§ gmYw ‘ÝdmZ… H$píMV². dñVwVñVw "Vñ` BX‘²' B{V "gm Añ` XodVm' B{V
M AW©`mo… "AU²'{dYmZoZ "^mJdV'à`moJñ` gynnmXËdoZ AÌ AéÀ`m.
AmamYZmWª ‘o d«VM`m© {nVm‘h'' (Jé.nwam.2&12) B{V JméSo> {ÛVr`mÜ`m`o
éÐdmŠ`mV² M. ZM "^mJdV'nXñ` àñVwVnwamU{deofUËd§ eŠ`dMZ§ "VWm'nXoZ
ì`dYmZmV². XodrnwamUo AÜ`m`g‘mßVm¡ "^mJdV'nXm{bIZmV² M, g§»`m{damoYmV²
M;1 ""bj‘mÌoU bmoH$ñ` {dÚm XodZo ^m{fVm'' ( . & & ) B{V Aä`wX`nmX-
74
g‘mßË`Ü`m`ñWdmŠ`mV², {dO`-Ì¡bmoŠ`mä`wX`-ewå^{Zewå^‘WZm»`-
nmXÌ`{d{eï>ËdoZ(?) ñH$mÝXmoŠVÛmX- eñH$ÝY-gpå‘VËdê$n-bjUam{hË`mV²
M. lr‘X²^mJdVna‘od dm VV², Vñ` XodrnwamUmonOrì`ËdmV², ""A{M©î`pÝV
‘Zw î `m… Ëdm§ gd© H $m‘dao í dar‘² ' ' (^mJ.nw a m.10&2&10) BË`m{X-
Xe‘ñH$ÝYmoŠV-^JdXmkßV-‘mhmËå`-{d- ñVmañ` XodrnwamUo Xe©ZmV². AVEd
""`Wm CŠV‘² F${f{^… nwam'' ( . & & ) B{V F${fàmoŠVËdê$n‘² CnnwamUqbJ‘{n
`wÁ`Vo, ""Aï>mXe nwamUm{Z lwËdm gË`dVrgwVmX² AÝ`m{Z CnnwamUm{Z
‘w{Z{^… H$s{V©Vm{ZVw'' ( . & & ) B{V gyVg§{hVmdmŠ`mV². eãXIÊSo>
J§JoemonmÜ`m`mZm§ `mo XodrnwamUo ‘hm^mJdVËdì`dhma… gVw Añ` CnnwamUñ`
‘hmnw a mU‘y b H$Ëdo Z Vo f m§ VÌ lÕm{Ve`o Z M gmåà`mo { JHo $ ~ˆMm© Z m§
MVw…f{ï>ì`dhmadV² nyOmW©Ed.
`Îmw lrYañdm{‘Zm ""AVEd ^mJdV§ Zm‘ AÝ`X² B{V Z e§H$Zr`‘²''
(^mJ.lrY.1&1&1) B{V CŠV§ VX{n nyOmW©"^mJdV'-ì`dhma{df`monnwamU-
ì`wXmgna‘². ""`Ì A{YH¥$Ë`m''(‘Ëñ`nwam.53&20){XbjUdmŠ`ñ` hoVwËdoZ
CnÝ`mgmV². C{MVVaÄM EVV² Q>rH$mH$mañ`. O¡{‘{ZZm doXmZm§ "H$mR>H$'-
"H$m¡Ww‘m'{X-g‘m»`mdeoZ nm¡ê$fo`Ëd‘² Ame§Š` VËg‘mYmZdX². AmMma‘mYdo
ñ‘¥VrZm‘² Aàm‘mÊ`‘² Ame§Š` VpÝZamgdV² ñWyUmIZZÝ`m`oZ EVX²ÑT>rH$aUñ`
Amdí`H$ËdmV².
1 {edahñ`-{dîUwY‘m}Îma-{dîUwahñ`m{XdX² B‘m{Z e¡dmXr{Z CnnwamUm{Z
AYwZmVw ‘w{ÐVo lrXodr^mJdVnwamUo àË`Ü`m`g‘mßVm¡ "^mJdV'nX‘²
Cnbä`VEd VW¡d ñH$ÝYmZm‘{n g§»`m Aï>mXe¡d Cnbä`Vo. VVmo{h EVñ`m…
AZwnnÎmo… A{^àm`mo {d‘¥í`mo ^m{V qH$ ‘wÐUmV² nyd©‘² AÜ`m`g‘mßVm¡ nwpînH$m…
B©Ñí`mo ZmgZ² CV J«ÝWH$V©w… g§J«ho {dÚ‘mZm`m§ ‘mV¥H$m`m§ Ed‘² AmgrX² B{V dm.
AWdm AZdYmZhoVwH$mo A`‘² CëboI… B{V (Jmo.í`m.‘.).
H$píMÎmw ""`{XX§ H$m{bH$m»`§ M ‘yb§ ^mJdV§ {dXw…'' (H$m{b.nwam. &
& ) B{V nwamU-XmZ-àmñVm{dH$-H$m{bH$mnwamU-dmŠ`mV² Vñ` ^mJdVËd‘²
Amh. AnañVw ""VÝ‘yb§ ^mJdV§ ñ‘¥V‘²'' BË`od§ nmR>‘² A§JrH¥$Ë` nyd©dX² Amh.
(Xodr^mJdVñ` CnnwamUËdg‘W©Z‘²)
75
VXw^`‘{n VwÀN>‘², AÌ gÝX^} ""e¡d§ `X² dm`wZm àmoŠV§ d¡aÄM§ d¡îUd§
VWm `{XX§ H$m{bH$m»`§ M ‘yb§ ^mJdV§ ñ‘¥V§, gm¡a§ M ZmaXr`§ M ‘mH©$ÊSo>`§
M d{•O§ ^{dî`§ ~«÷d¡dVª qbJ§ M¡d Ì`moXe§, dm‘Z§ H$m¡‘‘© mËñ`§ M gßVXe§
M JméS§> ñH$mÝX‘² Aï>mXe§ àmoŠV§ nwamU§ M Z g§e`…'' ( . & & ) B{V
b¢JmXrZm§ Ì`moXeËdm{XH$WZñ` ~mYàgŠVo…. AV… VX² ^mJdVm»`‘² CnnwamU‘²
A{V[aŠV‘od `V² gm¡anwamUo ""VVmo ^mJdV§ àmoŠV§ ^mJÛ`{d^y{fV‘²'' (gm¡anwam.
& & ) B{V bj{`Ëdm, ""XXm{V gy ` © ^ ŠVm` `ñVw ^mJdV§ {ÛO…
gd©nmn{d{Z‘w©ŠV… gd©amoJ{dd{O©V… OrdoX² df©eV§ gmJ«‘² AÝVo d¡dñdV§
nX‘²'' (gm¡anwam. & & ) B{V `X² XmZ’$b‘² CŠV§ VX² ko`‘². ZM e¡dm{XàH«$‘nmR>mV²
"H$m{bH$m'»`ñ` ‘hmnwamUËd§ e§Š`§ H«$‘^oXmV². ‘hmnwamUJUZm`m§ gd©Ì Hy$‘©-
ñH$ÝX-{dîUw-‘mËñ`m{Xfw ~«m÷m{XH«$‘Xe©ZmV². Hy$‘©nwamUàW‘mÜ`m`o M
CnnwamUJUZm`m§ ÛmXeËdoZ Añ` JUZmV² ""AmÚ§ gZËHw$‘mamoŠV§ Zma{gh§
VV… na§ V¥Vr`§ ñH$mÝX‘² C{Ôï>§ Hw$‘maoU AZw^m{fV§ MVwWª {edY‘m©»`§
gmjmÝZÝXre^m{fV§ Xwdm©ggm CŠV‘² AmíM`ª ZmaXr`‘² AV… na§ H$m{nb§
‘mZd§ M¡d VW¡d CeZgm B©[aV§ ~«÷mÊS§> dmê$U§ MmW "H$m{bH$m'ôd`‘od
M ‘mhoída§ VWm gmå~§ gm¡a§ gdm©W©gÄM`§ nameamoŠV‘² Ana§ ‘marM§
"^mJ©dm'ôd`‘²'' (Hy$.nw.ny.{d.1&17-20) BË`od§ dmŠ`mV², gyVg§{hVm`m§ M
""VV… "H$mbrnwamUm'»`§ dm{eð>§ ‘w{Znw§Jd'' ( . & & ) B{V VÌ¡d JUZmV²
M. AVEd H$m{bH$moŠVJUZm`m§ gm¡a{Zdoemo@{n g§JÀN>Vo. AV… nwîH$anwamU-
A{V[aŠVmÝ`odo{V VÌ CŠV§ ^mJdV§ {^ÝZ‘od B{V {ZíM`…. `Îmw *""àmoð>nÚm§
nm¡ U © ‘ mñ`m§ ho ‘ qghg‘pÝdV‘² ' ' (‘Ëñ`nw a m.53&21-22,
^mJ.nwam.12&13&13) B{V ‘mËñ`lr^mJdV`mo… dMgr dmhZoZ qbJoZ XodrnwamU‘od
^mJdVËdoZ* CŠV§ VX{n Ag§JV§, "qgh'nXñ` AZoH$mW©ËdmV². ""qghñVw am{e^oXo
‘¥Jm{Yno'' (Ðï>.Ya.H$mo.hmÝV.2816) B{V AZoH$mW©H$moeo A{^YmZmV².
àm¡ð>nÚm§ M qgho gy`©ñ` gÎdmV². hoåZBd ’$bmWª H$mbgå~ÝYñ`m{n
eŠ`dMZËdmV², ^r‘gË`m{XnXdX² EH$Xoeà`moJñ`m{n eŠ`dMZËdoZ
AÌ qghmgZñ`m{n eŠ`~moYËdmV² M. AVEd ñH$mÝXo ""{bpIËdm VÀM
`mo XÚmX² ~hþaËZg‘pÝdV‘²'' (ñH$.nw. & & ) B{V CŠV‘².
76
 dñVwVñVw lr^mJdVo ""nwamUg§»`mgå^y{V‘² Añ` dmÀ`à`moOZo XmZ§
XmZñ` ‘mhmËå`§ nmR>mXo… M {Z~moYV'' (^mJ.nwam.12&13&3) B{V à{Vkm`
""~«mô‘§ Xeghòm{U'' (^mJ.nwam.12&13&4) BË`maä` ""MVwbj © CXmöVm''
(^mJ.nwam.12&13&9) BË`ÝVoZ Aï>mXemÝVJ©VËdoZ àmg§{JH$‘² Cº$‰m ""VÌ
Aï>mXegmhò§ lr^mJdV‘² Bî`Vo'' (^mJ.nwam. 12&13&9) BË`ZoZ g§»`m‘²
""BX§ ^JdVm ny d © ‘ ² ' ' (^mJ.nw a m.12&13&10) BË`Zo Z gå^y q V,
""Am{X‘Ü`mdgmZo f w ' ' (^mJ.nw a m.12&13&11) BË`m{XZm dmÀ`§ ,
""H¡$dë`à`moOZ‘²'' (^mJ.nwam.12&13&12) BË`ZoZ à`moOZ§ M Cº$‰m AJ«o
""àmoð>nÚm‘²'' (^mJ.nwam.12&13&13) BË`ZoZ XmZVÝ‘mhmËå`o CÀ`oVo. VW¡d
‘mËñ`o@{n, g§»`mopŠVnwa…ga‘² BX‘² CÀ`Vo. XodrnwamUo M ""bj‘mÌoU'' B{V
dmŠ`mV² VËg§»`mH«$‘mo AVmo Z MmoÚmdga….
Ho${MÎmw XodrnwamUì`wXmgm` "^mJdV'eãX§ "{MÌmoX²{^X²'- "AídH$Um©'-
"@hrZm'-{XeãXdX² ê$T>‘² Amhþ…. gm `Ú{n H$ënZmVw gmYr`gr; VWm{n
""BX§ ^JdVm nydª ~«÷Uo Zm{^n§H$Oo pñWVm` ^d^rVm` H$méÊ`mV²
gåàH$m{eV‘² . BX§ ^mJdV§ Zm‘ nw a mU§ ~« ÷ gpå‘V‘² ' '
(^mJ.nwam.12&13&10) BË`m{XdmŠ`ofw `moJñ` ê$T>…o M à{V^mZmV² àmVr{VH${df`m
B{V à{V^m{V.
(^mJdVñ` Adm©MrZËdmjon{Zamg…)
`mVw Ho$fmpÄMX² *AÝË`OZwOmV-g§KmVmZm§ gH$bà‘mU-‘m¡{b^yV-doX’$b^yVo
lr‘X² ^ mJdVo Adm© M rZËde§ H $m * gmVw ""Ì`mo do X ñ` H$Vm© a mo
‘w { Z^ÊS>{ZemMam…'' (gd© . Xe© . g§ J « . Mmdm© . ) B{V
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VWmJVàUrVH$m[aH$moŠVga{U‘² AZwgaÝVr ‘mÜ`{‘H$‘V‘² AÜ`mñVo. `{X
VWm ñ`mV² VXm ‘hmÝV… àm‘m{UH$m… {Z~ÝYH$Vm©a… ñdñdJ«ÝWofw VËgå‘qV Z
XÚw….
Šd ApñV gå‘{V…? B{V MoX² AdYo{h àW‘§ VmdV² e§H$amMm`©H¥$Vo
MVwX©e‘V{ddoHo$ ""na‘h§gY‘m} ^mJdVo nwamUo H¥$îUoZ CÕdm` Cn{Xï>…''
(M.‘.{d. ) B{V CŠV‘². nmÙghòZm‘Q>rH$m`m§ dMZmÝ`od ~hþ{Z VÌ VÌ
{bpIVm{Z VWm CnXoegmhñ`«m… Q>rH$m`m§ g‘mßVm¡ lr^mJdVdMZ§ {bpIV‘².
77
VWm g§dËgaàXrnZmpåZ àmMrZJm¡S>H¥$Vo ñ‘mV©{Z~ÝYo ""eVemo AW ghò¡… M
{H$‘² AÝ`¡… emñÌg§J«h¡… J¥ho Z {Vð>Vo `ñ` emņ̃ ^mJdV§ H$bm¡? H$W§ g
d¡îUdm¡ ko`… emņ̃ ^mJdV§ H$bm¡, J¥ho Z {Vð>Vo `ñ` ídnMmX² A{YH$mo {h
g…'' (ñH$.nw.2&d¡.I§.16&39-41) BË`m{XñH$mÝXdMZ¡… J¥ho lr^mJdVm^mdo
Xmo f § àXí`© ""H${bXmofV… nm{dÍ`m` H${V{MV² lr^mJdVdMZm{Z
bo»`m{Z'' (g§d.àXr. & ) B{V Cº$‰m ^y`m§{g lr^mJdVdMm§{g {bpIVm{Z.
VWm ho‘m{Ðd«VXmZIÊS>-H$mb{ZU©`m{Xfw H${bY‘©{ZU©`o M ""H$qb g^mO`pÝV
Am`m© JwUkm… gma^m{JZ…'' (^mJ.nwam.11&5&36) ""H$sV©ZmXod H¥$îUñ`
‘wŠV~ÝY… na§ d«OoX²'' (^mJ.nwam.12&3&51) BË`mXr{Z CXmöVm{Z. Ed§
à{H«$`mH$m¡‘Xw rH¥$Vmo am‘MÝÐmMm`©ñ` nwÌUo Z¥qghmMm`}U M H$mb{ZU©`Xr{nH$m{ddaUo
"lr^mJdVo' B{V Cº$‰m ""AmMm`ª ‘m§ {dOmZr`mX²'' (^mJ.nwam.11&17&27)
B{V, XodnyOmàH$aUo M ""AWmo {dîUw… {gVaŠVnrVgwVZw… H¥$îU… H¥$VmV²
Zm‘{‘… h§gmÚ¡…'' BË`Ì ""H¥$V§ ÌoVm Ûmna§ M H${b… B{V Efw Ho$edmo
ZmZmdUm©{^YmH$mamo ZmZ¡d {d{YZm BÁ`Vo'' (^mJ.nwam.11&5&20) BË`mXr{Z
{bpIVm{Z. VWm {dÚm{Zdmg^Å>mMm`©H¥$Vo gÀM[aÌ‘r‘m§gm»`o ñ‘mV©{Z~ÝYo
""Xod{f©-^yVmßVZ¥Um§ {nV¦Um§ Z qH$H$amo Z A`‘² F$Ur M amOZ²''
(^mJ.nwam.11&5&41) B{V ""Ëd`m Cn^wŠVò½JÝY…'' (^mJ.nwam.11&6&46)
BË`mXr{Z M gå‘Ë`Wª {bpIVm{Z. VWm ‘YwgyXZgañdVr{^a{n ^pŠVagm`Zo
lr^mJdVdMm§ñ`od Cn{Z~Õm{Z. ^JdÒrVm`m… gßV‘mÜ`m`ì`m»`mZo M Ordo
à{V{~å~njo ""Z¡d AmË‘Z… à^w… A`‘²'' (^mJ.nwam.7&9&11) B{V
gßV‘ñH$ÝYr`§ dmŠ`§ {bpIV‘².AÝ`mÝ`{n Vra^wŠVXoí`"{dîUwnwar'ZmåZm{n
^pŠVaËZmdë`m§ ZdYm^pŠV{Zê$nUm` lr^mJdVr`mÝ`od VÌ-VÌ àX{e©Vm{Z
dMm§{g. Ed§ H$mí‘raXoer`oZ jo‘oÝÐZmåZm "jo‘oÝÐàH$mem'»`o ñ‘mV} ñd{Z~ÝYo
""Ëd`m Cn^wŠV'' (^mJ.nwam.11&6&46) BË`mXr{Z {bpIVm{Z. VWmM Ðm{dSo>Z
Aßn`Xr{jVoZm{n {edVÎd{ddoHo$ ({e.V.{d.4) ""H$Um£ {nYm` {Za`mX²''
(^mJ.nwam.4&4&17) BË`mXr{Z MVwW©ñH$ÝYr`m{Z {bpIVm{Z. VWm {ZU©`{gÝYm¡
dm‘ZO`ÝVr{ZU©`o({Z.{g.2) Aï>‘ñH$ÝYr`§ ""lmoUm`m§ ldUÛmXí`m‘²''
(^mJ.nw a m.8&18&5) BË`m{X {bpIV‘² . ^JdX² ^ mñH$ao U lmÕ‘`y I o
(lm.‘m§ . {d.àH$.) lmÕo ‘m§ g {Zfo Y H§ $ ""Z XÚmX² Am{‘f§ lmÕo ' '
(^mJ.nwam.7&15&7) B{V gßV‘ñH$ÝYr`‘² AbopI. {XZH$amoÚmoVo M EH$mXer{ZU©`o
""Z H$m‘H$‘©~rOmZm§'' (^mJ.nwam.11&2&50) B{V EH$mXeñH$ÝYr`‘² AbopI.
78
^Å>m{o OXr{jVH¥$Vm`m§ MVw{dªe{V‘Vì`m»`m`m‘² AmMmaH$mÊSo> (AYwZm Zmonbä`Vo)
Vn©UmoÎma§ nyOm{ZU©`o@{n ""^mJdVo@{n AVEd CŠV‘²'' B{V Cº$‰m ""‘yË`m©
A{^‘V`m AmË‘Z…'' (^mJ.nwam.11&3&48) B{V ""CX²dmgmdmhZo Z ñV…''
(^mJ.nwam.11&27&13) B{V M CŠV‘². AV… Ed§ àmMrZmdm©MrZ-ZmZmXoer`-
{Z~ÝYH$V¥©{^… AmÑV‘{n `o Z ní`pÝV§ Vo Mjwî‘ÝVmo@{n AÝYV‘m… B{V {XH²$.
(Aï>mXemÝVJ©Vnydm©na^md{damoYn[ahma…)
* àmŠH$ënr`-ì`mgmn[aVmofmZwdmXñ` AÌm{n eŠ`dMZËdmV². BX‘{n ËdÐrË`m
ZZw AñVw Ed‘² Aï>mXemÝVJ©VËd§, VWm{n, nydm}ŠVnydm©na^md{damoY… H$W§
n[ahm`©…* B{V MoX², CÀ`Vo, nydm©na^mdñ` A{dd{jVËdmV² n[ahm`©… B{V. ZM
A{dd{jVËdo ‘mZm^md… e§Š`…, ñH$mÝXo H$merIÊSo> Aï>mqdemÜ`m`o J§Jm‘mhmËå`o
""VXm ^JraWmo amOm Šd Šd ^mJraWr VXm, `Xm {dîUw… Vn… Vono
MH«$nwîH$[aUrVQ>o'' (ñH$.nw.4&H$m.ny.28&2) B{V Xoì`m n¥ï>o ""gÝXohmo AÌ Z
H$V©ì`mo {dembm{j gXm‘bo lwVm¡ ñ‘¥Vm¡ nwamUo M H$mbÌ`‘² CXr`©Vo ^yV§
^ì`§ ^dÀMm{n g§e`§ ‘m d¥Wm H¥$Wm…'' (ñH$.nw.4& H$m.ny.28&2-4) {edoZ
CÎmaXmZmV² H$mbñ` A{dd{jVËd{ZíM`mV² . AVEd ny d m© n a^mdñ`m{n
VWmËd{g{Õ…, ""EH$Ì Ñï>… emñÌmW©… AnaÌmo@{n VWm'' B{V Ý`m`mV².
{H$ÄM nydm©na^mdñ` {dd{jVËdo nwamUmÝVañ`m{n ~{h^m©dàgpŠV…. VWm{h
‘mH©$ÊSo>`nwamUmaå^Ed VmdV² ""^JdZ² ^maVm»`mZ§ ì`mgoZ CŠV§ ‘hmË‘Zm
nyU©‘² AñV‘b¡… eãX¡… ZmZmemñÌg‘wÀM`¡…'' (‘mH©$.nwam. 1&2) BË`m{X
Cº$‰m ""V{XX§ ^maVm»`mZ§ ~•Wª ~hþ{dñVa§ VÎdVmo kmVwH$m‘mo Ah§ ^JdZ² Ëdm‘²
CnmJV…'' (‘mH©$.nwam.1&12) B{V M Cº$‰m ì`mg{eî`O¡{‘{ZZm H¥$VoZ àíZMVwîHo$Z
nwamUmdVmaH$Wm Ñí`Vo. gmM ^maVmoÎma^m{dËd‘² AÝVaoU A§g§JVm gVr
‘mH©$ÊSo>`nwamUñ` Aï>mXeä`mo ~{h^m©d‘² Amdh{V. VWm Ap½ZnwamUmaå^o ""gyV
Ëd§ ny{OVmo Añ‘m{‘… gmamËgma§ dXñd Z…, `oZ {dkmZ‘mÌoU gd©kËd§
àOm`Vo'' (Ap½Znwam.1&3) B{V em¡ZH$àíZo ""gmamËgmamo {h ^JdmZ² {dîUw…
Aì``… B©ída…'' (Ap½Znwam.1&4) BË`m{X Cº$‰m, nwamU‘² AdVm`© VÌ {dÚmgma§
dXZ² àg§JVmo J«ÝWmÝVo ""JrVmgma§ àdú`m{‘ gd©JrVmoÎmamoÎma§ H¥$îUmo A`‘²
AOw©Zm` Amh'' (Ap½Znwam.381&1) B{V à{Vkm` ""Xodr h²`ofm JwU‘`r''
(Ap½Znwam.381&12) ""`ñ`m§ OmJ«{V ^yVm{Z'' (Ap½Znwam.381&6) BË`mXr{Z
79
H${V{MV² nÚmÝ`o d CŠVdmZ² . AW© ‘ mÌmo Š Vm¡ V w nÚm{Z Z dXo V ² . AVmo
^maVmoÎma^m{dËd‘² Am½Zo`ñ`m{n {gÜ`{V. EdÄM nwamUÌ`~{h^m©do Aï>mXemZm§
nyd©^mdm^mdmX² ""Aï>mXenwamUm{Z'' (‘Ëñ`.nwam.53&69) B{V dmŠ`ñ`¡d
Ag§JVËdmn{Îm… M. *ZZw gyVmoº²$`ZwdmXdX² BX§ `moJ~boZ AmXmdod Adm{X,
àmŠH$ënr`§ dm AdmXr{V ZmZoZ ^maVmoÎmaËdm{g{Õ…, VWm g{V dmŠ`ñ`m{n Z
Ag§J{V…* B{V MoV², V{h© àH¥$Vo@{n Vm¡ë`mV² n[aöVEd ^dVm {damoYB{V Z Vo
dŠVw‘² AdH$me…. *ZZw An[aVmofmg§JVo… ApñV AdH$me…* B{V MoX² Z,
CŠV‘². AÝ`WmVw AZZw‘{V…. Aï>mXenwamUm{Z H¥$VdmZ² B{V "Aï>mXenwamUm{Z-
H¥$Ëdm' B{V EH§$ nX§ gË`dVrgwV{deofU‘². ZM "Šd{Z~'@gå^dmo ""amO{Z
`w{Y H¥$Äm…'' (nm.gy.3&2&95) BË`Ì H¥$Äm… B{V `moJ{d^mJmV² {gÕo…. VWmg{V
`mo Aï> m Xenw a mUajH$… g ^maVH$Vm© B{V ny d m© n a^md‘² AÝVao U m{n
^yVmW©dmXmonn{Îm[a{V Z {H$pÄMX² EVV². CŠVH$merIÊS>r`¡H$dmŠ`oZ¡d {ZU©`ñ`
OmVËdmV².
AVEd ""AYrVdmZ² ÛmnamXm¡ {nVw… Û¡nm`ZmX² Ah‘²'' (^mJ.nwam.2&1&8)
B{V ""H$bm¡ Zï>Ñem‘² Ef nwamUmH$m} AYwZm C{XV…'' (^mJ.nwam.1&3&45)
B{V dmŠ`Û`‘{n g§JÀN>Vo. ÛmnamXm¡ nmR>ñW H$ë`mXm¡ ewHo$Z àMmaê$nñ`
CX`ñ` {deXr^mdmV². ""bmoH$ñ` AmOmZVmo ì`mg… MH«o$ gmÎdVg§{hVm‘²''
(^mJ.nwam.1&7&6) B{VVw H$mbmZwŠVo… ì`m»`mVàm`‘od AVmo Z H$mo@{n e§H$mboe….
`Îmw ""Aï>mXenwamUm{Z Aï>m¡ ì`mH$aUm{Z M kmËdm gË`dVr gyZw…
MH«o$ ^maVg§{hVm‘²'' (^{d.nwam.1&58) B{V ^{dî`àW‘mÜ`m`dmŠ`§, VÎmw
eVH$mo { Q>-à{dñVa-nw a mUmÝVJ© V mï>mXe-OmVr`-dmŠ`H$Xå~-na§
ì`mH$aUgmhM`m© V ² ZmZm{dY-ew Õ -eãXdV² ZmZm{dYmW© ñ ` ^maVo
Cn{Z~ÝYZr`Ëdo Z VÁkmZñ` Amdí`H$ËdmV² ZVw ñdH$V¥ © H $VËna§ ,
eVH$mo{Q>à{dñVakmZoZd¡ Mm[aVmÏ`}Z EVÁkmZñ` AZmdí`H$V`m VËH$WZmZwn`moJmX²
Agd©kËdmnmXH$ËdmV² M. VÌm{n CnnwamUËdoZ dú`‘mUam{ena§ ^m{V,
AÜ`m`g‘mpßVH$moQ>m¡ ""gdm©Ê`od nwamUm{Z H${WVm{Z Zaf©^ ÛmXe¡d ghòm{U
àmoŠVm{Z Bh ‘h{f©{^…. nwZ… d¥qÕ JVm{Z Bh Am»`mZ¡… ~hþ{^… Z¥n `Wm
80
ñH$ÝX§ VWmM BX§ ^{dî`§ Hw$éZÝXZ ñH$ÝX§ eVghòÝVw íbmoH$mZm§ kmV‘od
{h. ^{dî`‘² EVX² F${fUm bjmÕª g§»``m H¥$V‘²'' (^{d.nwam.1&103)
B{V CnnwamUàg§JXe©ZmV². ZM Bh CŠV`mo… ñH$mÝX^{dî``mo… ‘hmnwamUËd§ e§Š`§
‘h{f©àmoŠVËdqbJ{damoYmV², nwamUg§»`m{damoYmV² M. ""MVwX©e§ ^{dî`§ ñ`mV²
VWm nÄMeVm{Z M...EH$mer{VghòH§$ ñH$mÝX§'' (^mJ.nwam.12&13&6-
7) BË`m{XdmŠ`mV².
{H$ÄM lr^mJdVo A{Zd¥©{Vàg§Jo@{n doXmZm§ MVwYm©H$aU‘od Cº$‰m,
B{VhmgnwamUnmR>H$Ëd‘od M gyM{`Ëdm doXmZm§ empIËd§ VV… ^maVH$aU§ M Cº$‰m
A{Zd¥©{Îm… CŠVm. ZVw nwamUg‘ÝVaH¥$Vmo Aï>mXeYm {d^mJ… nyd©‘² CŠV…. VoZm{n
km`Vo H$m{Z{MV² nydª H¥$Vm{Z H$m{Z{MV² Z B{V.
`Îmw H$píMV² *lr^mJdV‘² Aï>mXenwamUm{V[aŠV§, doXo{VhmgnwamUaM{`Vwa{n
AOmV{MÎmàgmXñ` ì`mgñ` {MÎmàgmXOZH$ËdmX²* B{V Amh, VÌ hoVw… AñVw,
gmÜ`§ ‘m AñVw. AÝ`Wm ÛmXeñH$ÝYg‘mpßVñWñ` ""nwamUg§»`mgå^y{V‘²''
(^mJ.nwam.12&13&3) BË`m{XZm ~«m÷m{XnwamU-g§»`mJUZmdgao ""Xemï>m¡
lr^mJdV‘²'' (^mJ.nwam.12&13&5) BË`ñ` JUZñ` ""Ed§ nwamUgÝXmoh…
MVwb©j CXmöV… VÌ Aï>mXegmhò§ lr^mJdV‘² Bî`Vo. BX§ ^JdVm nydª
~«÷Uo Zm{^n§H$Oo'' (^mJ.nwam.12&13&10) BË`Ì "VÌ' B{V gßVå`m "BX‘…'
M {damoYmnmVmV², Vpñ‘ÝZod ñH$ÝYo gßV‘mÜ`m`o ""gJm} Añ` AW'' (^mJ.nwam.
12&7&9) BË`m{XZm CŠVñ` ‘hmnwamUgm‘mÝ`bjUñ` {ÛVr`ñH$ÝYñ` ""AÌ
gJm} {dgJ©… M'' (^mJ.nwam.2&10&1) BË`ñ` lr^mJdVbjUñ` M {dMmao
àVr`‘mZñ` gm‘mÝ`{deof^mdñ` ~mYàgŠË`m VX²{damoYmnÎmo… M. ZM ""Ûmnao
g‘ZwàmßVo'' (^mJ.nwam.1&4&14) BË`m{X-àW‘ñH$ÝYñW-gÝX^©{damoYmo
""{Okm{gV§ gwgånÝZ‘{n Vo ‘hX² AX²^wV§ H¥$VdmZ² ^maV§ `V² Ëd§
gdm©W©n[a~¥§{hV§, {Okm{gV‘² AYrV§ M `V² VX² ~«÷ gZmVZ§ VWm{n emoM{g
AmË‘mZ‘² AH¥$VmW©Bd à^mo…'' (^mJ.nwam.1&4&3-4) B{V ZmaXmoŠVm¡
^maVH$aU-~«÷{OkmgmÜ``ZmZm‘od CŠVËdmV² VXZwdmXHo$ ""AñË`od ‘o gd©‘²
BX§ Ëd`m CŠV‘²'' (^mJ.nwam.1&5&5) B{V dmŠ`o@{n Vofm‘od nam‘e}Z Aï>mXeYm
H$aUñ` lr^mJdVnyd©^m{dËdmàmßVo….
81
({ZîH$f©…)
EdÄM ÛmXeñH$ÝYo Añ` nÄM‘ËdoZ JUZmV² M MËdm[a nwamUm{Z ^maV§ M
H¥$Ëdm An[aVwï>mo ZmaXmonXoeoZ BX§ MH$ma. VV… n[aVwï>mo AÝ`ofm‘² A{YH$m[aUm‘²
AW} VÎmÚmo½`m{Z AÝ`m{Z MH$ma B{V km`Vo. EVoZ¡d ""B{Vhmg nwamUmZm‘²''
(^mJ.nwam.1&4&22) B{V ~hþËdñ` CnnÎmm¡ MmoÚmÝVamUm‘{n {Zamgo A{VaoH$H$ënZ§
^mJdVmÝVañ` CÀN>oXH$ënZm{XH§$ M à{VnmÚ{damoYm{XJ«mgmX² Cnoú`‘² B{V
gwYr{^… AdYo`‘².
àH¥$V‘² AZwgam‘…. AV… nwamUofwnm.^o.5 ""Aï>mXenwamUmZm§ H$Vm©''
(nÙnwam.C.222&73) B{V nmR>Xe©ZmV² M Z Aï>mXe~{h^m©dmo Añ`o{V
Aï>mXemÝVJ©VËd‘od lr^mJdVñ` ~w{Õ‘X²{^… AZwgÝYo`‘² B{V ew^‘².
VÎdXrnàH$meoZ `… nÝWm Ñ{ï>JmoMa…&&
H¥$VñVoZ nWmñ‘m{^… Akme§H$m {ZamH¥$Vm&&5&&
B{V lr‘Ûëb^mMm`©MaUZ{bZmZVmoÎm‘m§J-lrnrVmå~aVZwO-
nwéfmoÎm‘-H¥$Vm¡ AdVmadmXmdë`m§
lr^mJdVñdê$n{df`H$e§H$m{ZamgdmX…
Ì`moXe… g‘mßV…
nmR>^oXVm{bH$m
1.""g§»`m MmoŠVm VXÌmpñÌ'' B{V I J L> M nmR>ofw ""g§»`m
MmoŠVmîQ>mXempñV'' B{V ‘w.1nmR>o 2.Û`‘² B{V ‘w.1 nmR>o. 3.eŠ`~moYmV² B{V
‘w.2 nmR>o 4.Aï>mXemÝVJ©VËdm` B{V I J L> M nmR>ofw, Aï>mXemÝVJ©VËdoZ
B{V ‘w.1 . 5.""H$mbÌ`ñ` g§H$brH¥$Ë` H$WZmV² nwamU^maV`mo… nydm©na^mdñ`
A{dd{jVËdmV²'' B{V nwñVH$mÝVao CnbãYm n§pŠV… {ZOhñVmjaoU {bpIVo
ApÝV‘nwQ>n[a{‘VmonbãYo nÌo Zmonbä`Vo.
82
VXwn`mo{JËdoZ... EVmÑemZm§ J¥hm… ^JdX²J¥hmEd'' (~«.gy.^m.3&3&39)
BË`Ì M.
Ed§ ñZohgm‘mÝ`ñ` ñWm{`^mdËd‘² CnnmÚ V§ ñZoh{deofà^oXofw {ZJ‘{`Vw‘²
CnH«$‘ÝVo Ed§ ñWm{`Ëdo BË`maä` JmÌéhofw hf©… BË`ÝV§ `mdV². Vñ‘mV²
‘mV¥{nV¥^m« V¥nÌw {‘Ìm{Xîd{n `… ñZoh^md… gmo@{n {d^mdmZw^mdgÄMm[a^md¡… {ZînÝZ…
gZ² ñWm`r ^d{V MoV² VXm VmÑemZm§ ñZoh^mdmZm‘{n agê$nVm g‘mZ`moJjo‘ËdmX²
A§JrH$m`£d. `{X ZmQ²>çemñÌo Vofm§ agËdmZwpŠV… ~m{YH$m MoV² VXm Zm`H$`mo…
ñÌrnw é f`mo … a{V… AÝ`o f m§ a{VàH$mamUm‘² CnbjU§ ^dVw ,
àm{Vem»`ì`mH$aUg§JrVm`wd}Xm{XemñÌdX² bú`§ àYmZrH¥$Ë` ZmQ²>çemñÌoUm{n
Ibw kmnH$V`¡d ^mì`§ ZVw bjU§ àYmZrH¥$Ë` {dYm`H$V`o{V.
*
AmñVm§ VmdX² bmoH${df`UrZm§ dmËgë`m{XaVrZm§ agËdmagËd{d{M{H$Ëgm
~«ô‘gyÌmUw^mî`-^mJdVgw~mo{YÝ`moñVw ^JdVmo agê$nVm em§Jm©[aŠ`od à{Vnm{XVm.
VWmM e¥§Jmaag‘yV}… ^JdVmo {h AmZÝXmZw^m{dH$m ^pŠV… MoV² Vñ`m… e¥§JmaagEd
AÝV^m© d mo A§ J rH$aUr`mo ZVw ñdVÝÌagê$nVm. VWm{h
""brbm‘Ü`nm{V^ŠVmZm‘{n "H¥$îUmo@h‘²' (^mJ.nwam.10&27&19) B{V
^md…... agmË‘H$ËdmX² ^ŠVo… g§`moJ{dà`moJmË‘H$ËdmV²'',"""agmo d¡ g….
ag§ h² ` o d A`§ bãÜdm AmZÝXr ^d{V...'(V¡ { Îm.Cn.2&7) AÌ
agmË‘H$^Jdëbm^o g{V AmZÝXdÎd‘² CŠËdm Vñ`¡d OrdZhoVwËd§
na‘mZÝXhoVwËd§ M CÀ`Vo... g agñVw g§`moJ{dà`moJmä`m‘od nyUm} ^d{V
AZw ^ y V mo Z¡ H $Vao U '' (~« . gy . ^m.3&3&37,4&2&13) BË`Ì Vñ`
e¥§Jmam{Yð>mZê$ng§`moJ{dà`moJmo^`mË‘H$Ëd‘² CaarH¥$V‘². Vñ‘mX² ^JdV… ñdê$no
e¥§Jma{d^mdV¡d ‘ÝVì`m. Vm‘gà‘o`gw~mo{YÝ`m‘{n e¥§Jmaag‘² A{YH¥$Ë`
""Xwb©^ËdÄM EVñ` agñ` km{nV‘². na‘H$mð>mnÝZñdVÝÌ‘hm’$b{XËg`m
Ed§ H¥$VdmZ² à^w…...CX²~wÕnyU©e¥§JmaagmË‘H§$... AZw^yV§ ^d{V... agmo
{h {Û{dYmo Y‘©g{hV… Ho$db… M. Ho$dbmo ZmQ²>ço à{gÕmo Y‘©g{hV… gå^moJ.o
^JdVmo dnw … C^`{dY‘² ' ' (gw ~ mo . 10&18&5) B{V à{VnmXZmV²
na‘H$mð>mnÝZñdVÝÌ‘hm- ’$b{XËgmo… CX²~wÕnyU©e¥§JmaagmË‘H$ñ` ^pŠV…
e¥§JmaagmZw{dYm{`Ý`od g§`moJ{dà- `moJmpË‘H$m ^{dVw‘² Ah©Vr{V VÌ¡d ^ŠVo…
189
AÝV^m©dmo ^md{`Vw§ `mo½`…. Vñ‘mX{n Z ^ŠVo… ñdVÝÌagVm* B{V àmßVo,
A{^XÜ‘ho Zm`‘² AmMm`©MaUmZm§ dm à^wMaUmZm§ dm Ame`….
VWm{h ^JdVmo agmË‘H$Ëd{df`o VmdX² """agmo d¡ g…' (V¡{Îm.Cn.2&7)
B{V lwË`m "gd©ag…' (N>mÝXmo.Cn.3&14&2) B{V lwË`m M gd©agmË‘H$Ëd§
~«ô‘Umo {ZUuV‘². VWmM `ñ` agñ` `o {d^mdmZw^mdm{Xê$nm… V¡… M ag…
gånÚVo, AmVmZ{dVmZmË‘H$VÝVw{^[ad. AV… VÎmmXmËå`§ agñ`o{V gdm©^Xo mo
{ZîàË`yh…'' (~«.gy.^m.3&3&10) BË`Ì gd©agmÝVJ©V`m ^JdmZ² e¥J§ maagmË‘H$mo
Aä`wnJVmo ZVw e¥§JmaggÄMm[a^mdV`m gd©agmË‘H$Vm à{Vnm{XVm. ZM
*
""gd©H$‘m© gd©H$m‘… gd©JÝY… gd©ag… gd©‘² BX‘²'' (VÌ¡d) B{V
g‘mZdmŠ`monmÎmoZ K«mUJ«mh²`mW©H$"JÝY'nXoZ g‘{^ì`mhmamV² "ag'eãXmo@{n
agZmJ«mh²`‘Ywamåb-H$Q²>dm{XagdmMH$mo ^dVw* B{V e§H$Zr`§, "H$‘©-H$m‘'-
"n[aÑí`‘mZgd©'‘Ü`monmÎmV`m ‘Zmo^mddmMH$Ëdo@{n ~mYm^mdmV². AWdm """ag…'
B{V H$… nXmW©…? AÌ CÀ`Vo AmñdmÚËdmV². H$W‘² AmñdmÚmo ag…? `Wm
{h ZmZmì`ÄOZg§ñH¥$V‘² AÝZ§ ^wÄOmZm… agmZ² AmñdmX`pÝV... VWm
ZmZm^mdm{^Z`ì`pÄOVmZ² dmJ§JgÎdmonoVmZ² ñWm{`^mdmZ² AmñdmX`pÝV
gw‘Zg… àojH$m…. Vñ‘mX² ZmQ²>çagm… B{V ì`m»`mVm…'' (^a.ZmQ²>ç.6&31)
B{V dMZo Z AmñdmÚ‘mZVmê$nY‘© g m‘mÝ`mX² "ag'eãXñ`
‘Zmo^mdmonbjUËdm§JrH$mao@{n Z ~mYH§$ {H$pÄMV². gw~mo{YÝ`m‘{n-
""^pŠV‘mJª àH$Q>rHw$d©Z² gm‘mÝ`Vmo Xe{dYbrbm`wŠV‘²
Amh... Xe{dYm‘od brbm§ H$amo{V. AdVrU©ñVw A{YH$‘{n
H$amo{V... Xe{dYbrbmdX² ^pŠV… EH¡$d ñdVÝÌm... Ed§
na‘mW©Vmo Z‘ñH$ma§ H¥$Ëdm ‘mohH$brbmg{hV‘{n ^JdÝV§
bm¡ { H$H$agmWª Z‘ñ`{V... "ñdÀN>ÝXmo n mÎmXo h m`
{dewÕkmZ‘yV`© 'o ... "ñdm…'=^ŠVm…, Vofm§ "N>ÝX…'=BÀN>m, Vofm‘²
BÀN>mnyË`©W©‘² "CnmÎmmo Xohmo' `oZ. Vo{h `Wm ^md`pÝV VWm ê$n§
H$amo{V ZQ>dXod. ê$nÝVw "{d'eofoU "ewÕ§'={MÐÿn‘od... ZZw
{dewÕñ` A{^b{fVê$nËd§ H$W§?... gd©ê$nEd OmV… VÌ
A{^b{fVê$n^dZo H$… à`mg…''
190
 (gw~mo.10&24&10-11) B{V.
*
ZZw gmjmV² lr‘X§Jg§JVmgw ^JdpËà`mgw àH${Q>Vñ` ^JdÐÿnñ` ‘mohH$Ëd§
H$W§ VmdX² CnnÚoV?* Z{h ^JdX²^ŠVmZm§ VWm{dYm`m§ ^Jdëbrbm`m§ dm
ñdê$no dm ‘mohmo dŠVw§ Ho$Zm{n eŠ`mo, ZM EVmdVm ào`grZm§ Vmgm§ ‘mohmo
Agå^d… ""H$m ñÌr, A§J, Vo H$bnXm`V‘ypÀN>©VoZ g§‘mo{hVm Am`©M[aVmV²
Z MboV²?'',""~¥hXwa…{l`mo drú` Ym‘ Vo ‘whþ… A{Vñn¥hm ‘wh²`Vo ‘Z…''
(^mJ.nwam.10&26&40,28&17) BË`od‘m{XdMZofw VWm {Zê$nUmonbå^mV² M.
VXoVX² CnmoX²~{bV‘²-
""{H$ÄM bmoH$m… ^«mÝVm… ^dÝË`od {Z`Vgå~ÝYmA{n
^« ‘ ÝVo . .. "V§ ‘o { Zao A~bm… ‘y T > m … ñÌ¡ U § M AZw d « V § ahmo
Aà‘mU{dXmo ^V© w … B© í da§ ‘V`mo `Wm'
"A~bm…'=kmZOZH${H« $ `mH$aUo Ag‘Wm© … . AVEd
"‘yT>m…'=kmZa{hVm…. AÝ`mWª ^JdËH¥$V§ ^JdXWª ‘Ý`ÝVo. VX²
Amh "ñÌ¡U'§ =ñÌrbånQ>‘.² "M'H$mamV² VX²de‘{n. VÌ hoV…w "ah…
AZwd«V‘²' B{V, EH$mÝVo AZwd«V§ `ñ`. `X¡d EH$mÝVñWmZ§ VX¡d
^JdmZ² gpÝZ{hV…. AVmo {ZaÝVa‘² EH$mÝVerbËdmV² ñÌ¡U§ ‘o{Zao.
ZZw Ed‘od ñ`mX² BË`V… Amh "Aà‘mU{dXmo ^Vw©…' B{V, ^Vw©…
^JdV… à‘mU§ Z OmZÝVr{V. `Wm AÝYm… hpñVZ§ ‘Ý`ÝVo ñne}Z.
g{h Mjwf¡d ko`…. VWm ^JdmZ² ^JdÀN>mñÌoU¡d {dko`mo ZVw
AdñWm{deo f o U {H« $ `m‘mÌo U ... gd} f m‘² EVo f m§
‘ybà‘mUmkmZmV² ñdmoËàoj`m VWmËd§ VWm EVmgm‘{n''.
(gw~mo.1&11&39).
VW¡d ^pŠV{df`o@{n ""^pŠVñVw {d{hVm A{d{hVm Mo{V {Û{dYm :
‘mhmËå`kmZ`wVm B©ídaËdoZ à^m¡ {Zén{YñZohmpË‘H$m {d{hVm. AÝ`Vmo
AàmßVËdmV² H$m‘mÚwnm{YOm gmVw A{d{hVm. Ed‘² C^`{dYm`mA{n
191
Vñ`m… ‘wpŠVgmYH$Ëd‘²... ^Jd{V {MÎmàdoehoVwËdmV². "Am{X'nXmV²
nwÌËdgå~pÝYËdmX`…. ñZohm^mdo@{n A{d{hVËd-^JdX²{df`H$Ëd`mo…
A{deofmX² Ûofm{Xa{n g§J¥h²`ÝVo. VoZ ^JdËgå~ÝY‘mÌñ` ‘mojgmYH$Ëd‘²
CŠV§ ^d{V'' (~«.gy.^m.3&3&39) BË`oVoZ {Zê$nUoZ Z{h gdm©{n ^pŠV…
e¥§JmampË‘H¡$d Zm{n ^OZr`mo@{n gd©Xm e¥§JmamË‘¡d B{V {Z`‘…. AVmo{h ‘hX²
EVX² ^ŠVo… ‘mhmËå`§ `X² VX²dÝV… gdm©gm§ ^JdëbrbmZm§ ldU-H$sV©Z-
{MÝVZ¡…, H$Xm{MV² M Xe©ZoZm{n, ‘w½Ym… Z ^dpÝV. ñdH$s`o ^pŠV^mdo àË`wV
àmMw`©‘od AZw^dpÝV. Vñ‘mX² ^ŠVmZmÝVw H¥$Vo ^JdmZ² ^pŠVagmË‘H$Ed
öÚÝV…pñWVmo ~{h…pñWVV`m M AZw^y`‘mZñVw VXmbå~Z{d^mdmË‘H$mo@{n dm.
`Xm nwZ… Vo VX²~mh²`mZw^y{Va{hVm… VXm ""~mh²`m^mdoVw AmÝVañ` ì`W©Vm''
(gw~mo.1&6&0&2) B{V Ý`m`oZ OJ{V {ZOgÎmm`m… d¡`Ï`ª ‘ÝdmZm…
Vo {dah‘{n AZw^dpÝV. H$Xm{MV² nwZ… ^mdm¡ËH$Q²>ço {ZOmÝV…H$aUo ^JdÝV§
Vëbrbm§ M AZw^dÝVmo {dñ‘¥V~mh²`{dahmAnr{V ""~mh²`mä`ÝVa^oXZo AmÝVaÝVw
na§ ’$b‘²'' (gw~mo.10&26&0&5) B{V Ý`m`oZ ^ŠVo… na‘’$bVm‘{n AíZwdVo.
^JdVñVw ""`ÀM {H$pÄMX² OJV² gdª Ñí`Vo ly`Vo@{n dm AÝV~©{híM VV²
gdª ì`mß` Zmam`U… pñWV…'',""`Ì EH$mJ« V m VÌ A{deo f mV² ' '
(‘hmZm.Cn.11&6,~«.gy.4&1&11) B{V lw{VgyÌmä`m§ C^`Ì A{deofU
AdpñWVËdoZ `Ì-Hw$Ìm{n AZw^yVm¡ na‘’$bê$nV¡d. VX² Amhþ… ^mî`H$mam…
"""`Ì'=^ŠVo f w "EH$mJ« V m'=^JdËñdê$no àH$Q>Ed EH$pñ‘Z²
J«mhH${MÎmYmam, ZVw AÝV~©{h{d©kmZ‘². "VÌ'=C^`mo… AÝV…ní`Vmo
~{h…ní`V… M ^mdo ^JdËñdê$no M, {deofm^mdmV² Z VmaVå`‘² ApñV''
(~«.gy.^m.4&1&4) B{V. AVEd Xe‘Vm‘g’$bàH$aUmong§hmao lr‘XmMm`£…
""kmZÝVw JwUJmZ§ {h namojo VV² à{V{ð>V§, àË`jo ^OZ§ loð>‘² Ed§ MoX² amoYZo
pñWa§, nwéfmUm§ VWm ñÌrUm§ amÌm¡ M {Xdgo VWm kmZ§ ^pŠV… M gVV§
MH«$dV² n[adV©Vo'' (V.Xr.{Z.3&10&110-111) B{V dMZo JmonrZm§ JmonmZm§
Mo{V C^`moa{n namojo {d`moJOñ` kmZê$nJwUJmZñ` àË`jo g§`moJOñ`
^pŠVê$ngodZñ` MH«$dX² AmdV©Z§ à{Vnm{XV‘². Z VoZ g§`moJ{dà`moJm¡
e¥J§ maagmË‘H$mdod B{V {Z`‘…. ñZohñ` gd}fw àH$maofw g§`moJ{dà`moJm¡ gå^dVEdo{V
nw { ï> ^ ŠVmd{n V`mo … gå^dmXo d ag^mdmnÎmmd{n VÐgmbå~Z{d^mdo Z
192
e¥§JmamË‘H$V`¡d ^mì`{‘{V Z {Z`{V…. Vñ‘mV² Vñ` gd©agmË‘H$V¡d gd©Ì
à{Vnm{XVm àeñVm M. AÝ`Wm ""‘yT>mA{n d¡îUdm… {dîUwJqV OmZpÝV ZVw
AË`ÝV§ {ZnwUmA{n Ad¡îUdm'' (gw ~ mo . 10&27&4) B{V ‘y T > Ë do @ {n
{dîUwJ{V{dkmZm§ d¡îUdmZm§ H¥$Vo à^wMaU¡… ""àmW©`o a{gH$m ñd¡a§ ní`ÝVw BX‘²
Ah{Z©e‘² EVÐgmZ{^kñVw ‘m Ðm{jX{n d¡îUd…'' (ào‘m.{dd.35&3) B{V
CŠV§ Z ñ`mV². Vñ‘mV² gwðy>ŠV§ lr`emoXmZÝXmXrZm{‘d AÝ`ofm‘{n ^ŠVmZm§
^JdX²{dà`moJo AlwnmVm{XgÄMm[a^mdm… gå^dpÝV B{V.
*
ZZw""1lr^mJdVnr`yfg‘wБWZj‘… 2VËgma^yVamgñÌr^mdny[aV{dJ«h…
3
gm{ZÜ`‘mÌXÎmlrH¥$îUào‘m {d‘wpŠVXmo amgbrb¡H$VmËn`©… H¥$n`m
EVËH$WmàX…
(g.ñVmo.16-17) B{V Zm‘gw 1emñÌmUm‘² AmM`Z§ 2ñdmMmao ñWmnZ§ 3{eî`oä`…
M CnXoeZ‘² B{V AmMm`©Ëd{Zdm©hH$m… {Ì{dYmA{n Y‘m©… Úmo{VVm…. VoZ ^mJdVo
àYmZV`m à{Vnm{XVñ` ^JdV… e¥§Jma‘y{V©Vm, VÐmgbrbmW©‘² A{^gm[aH$mZm§
JmonrZm§ em§Jm©[aH$a{V‘Îmm, VXZw^mdZ`m AZw{ð>Vm`m§ ^JdËgodmH$WmXm¡
lr‘XmMm`m©Um§ ^aíMm{n {ZJ{XV…. VoZ VXwn{Xï>^ŠVoa{n e¥J§ mamË‘H$Vm {ZîàË`yhm*
B{V Mo V ² Z, amgnÄMmÜ`mæ`m§ g§ H $s{V© V mZm§ brbmZm§
VmËn`©{ZYm©aH$monH«$‘m{XfS²>{dYqbJ{d‘e} Z em§Jm©[aH$aVo… àmYmÝ`‘². ^yVbo
àmXw^y©Vñ` ^JdVmo agemñÌmZwamo{Ya‘Uo ì`mn¥VËdo@{n Z AmË‘a{VerbVmnamh{V…
B{V AmË‘aË`Û¡Và{VnmXZEd Vñ`m… ^a…. Vñ`¡Vñ` EH$ñ`¡d A{ÛVr`ñ`
^JdVmo brbm{dñVmamo A`§ ànÄMmo `WmM-
""gdª Ibw BX§ ~«ô‘... gd©H$‘m© gd©H$m‘…... gd©‘² BX‘²
Aä`mÎmmo AdmH$s AZmXa…. Ef ‘ AmË‘m AÝVh©¥X`o EVX² ~«ô‘''
(N>mÝXmo.Cn.3&14&1-4).
""`mo d¡ ^y‘m VV² gwI§ Zmëno gwI‘² ApñV...`Ì ZmÝ`V²
ní`{V ZmÝ`X² {dOmZm{V g ^y‘m... gEd AYñVmV² g Cn[aï>mV²
g níMmV² g nwañVmV² g X{jUV… g CÎmaV… gEd BX§ gd©‘²...
gdm Ef Ed§ ní`Z² Ed§ {dOmZZ² AmË‘a{V… AmË‘H«$sS>…
193
AmË‘{‘WwZ… AmË‘mZÝX… g ñdamS²> ^d{V'' (N>mÝXmo.Cn.7&23-
25).
""agmo d¡ g…. ag§ h²`od A`§ bãÜdm AmZÝXr ^d{V... H$mo
h²`od AÝ`mV² H$… àmÊ`mX² `Xof AmH$meo AmZÝXmo Z ñ`mV². Ef
h²`od AmZÝX`m{V'' (V¡{Îm.Cn.2&7).
BË`m{Xlw{VdMZ¡… à{VnmÚVo. VX² EVX² Cn~¥{§ hV§ lr‘X²^mJdVo@{n amgbrbm`m§
Oma^mddVrZm§ àdoemZh©Vm{Zê$nUoZ gdm©Ë‘^mddVrZm§ VXhm©Um§ M JmonrOZmZm§
{h dMZ¡a{n ""AÝVJ©¥hJVm… H$mpíMX² Jmoß`mo AbãY{d{ZJ©‘m…... V‘od
na‘mË‘mZ§ Oma~w Õ çm{n g§ J Vm… Ohþ … Jw U ‘`§ Xo h ‘² ' ',""gÝË`Á`
gd©{df`mZ² Vd nmX‘yb§ àmßVm…... àoð>mo ^dmZ² VZw^V¥ m§ {H$b ~ÝYw… AmË‘m''
(^mJ.nwam.10&26&11-32) B{V. VWm lrewH$dMZoZm{n ""ao‘o V`m M AmË‘aV…
AmË‘mam‘mo@{n AIpÊS>V… H$m{‘Zm§ Xe©`Z² X¡Ý`§ ñÌrUm§ M¡d XwamË‘Vm‘²''
(VÌ¡d.27&34) B{V. {H$ÄM AmMm`m©Um‘{n ""AmË‘Ý`od a{V… `ñ`. VoZ
{ZîH$m‘Ed Vñ`m… `Wo À N> § H$m‘§ ny [ aVdmZ² . Añ`m‘{n Xem`m‘²
AmË‘aVEd... AmË‘Ý`od a‘U§ H«$sS>m M `ñ`, `Vmo AIpÊS>V… BpÝÐ`¡…
AÝV…H$aU¡… {df`¡… dm'',""{H«$`m gdm©{n g¡d AÌ na§ H$m‘mo Z {dÚVo...
H$m‘oZ ny[aV… H$m‘… g§gma§ OZ`oV² ñ’w$Q>… H$m‘m^mdoZ nyUñ© Vw {ZîH$m‘… ñ`mV²
Z g§e`…'' (gw~mo.10&27&34,26&42&17-19) B{V. ZM *AÌ, AVEd,
{ZîH$m‘… e¥§Jmamo A§JrH$aUr`…* B{V dmÀ`§, Vñ` ^Jd{V lw{VF${fê$nmgw
Jmo { nH$mgw eŠ`Ëdo @ {n ào j Ho $ fw ag^mdOZZmo Ô o í `H$Ëdm^mdo Z
ZmQ²>çemñÌmZwamo{YagmË‘H$Ëdmgå^dmV². VX² CŠV§ ""ZmZm^mdm{^Z`ì`pÄOVmZ²
dmJ§JgÎdmonoVmZ² ñWm{`^mdmZ² AmñdmX`pÝV gw‘Zg… àojH$m… Vñ‘mV²
ZmQ² > çagm… B{V ì`m»`mVm…'' (^a.ZmQ² > ç.6&31) B{V. ZM
*
Z^mo‘ÊS>bmdpñWV{d‘mZñWgñÌrH$m… XodJUm… àojH$m… gÝË`od* B{V dmÀ`§,
amgbrbm {h VmdX² ""ao{‘ao Ahñgw VpÀMÎmm… VÝ‘ZñH$m… ‘hmoX`m…''
(^mJ.nwam.10&32&26) B{V dMZmX² Jmo{nH$mZm§ {h ^Jd{V ‘Zmo{ZamoYmoÔoí`H$m
ZVw Z^mo‘ÊS>bJVXod{ZamoYmoÔoí`Ho${V.
Vñ‘mX² ""agmË‘H$… lw{V{ea…{gÕ… g nwéfmoÎm‘…. ag… e¥§JmaEd ApñV
ZmQ² > ç{gÕmÝVgå‘Vmo , AÝ`o f w agVm Z¡ d ‘Ý`ÝVo ^aVmX`….
194
e¥§Jmaaggå~ÝYmX² AÝ`o@{n ñ`w… agm… B{V... g emñÌo {Û{dY… àmoŠV…
g§`moJmo {dah… VWm... bmoH$doXà{gÕmo {h nyd©… Vñ‘mV² VWm ‘V…
lw { V{gÕmpIb~« ô ‘Y‘m© Y mamo OJËH¥ $ {V…... CÎmamo Jy T > ^ mdËdmX²
^ŠV¡ H $öX`pñWVmo AZw ^ y { Và‘mU¡ H $do Ú mo ‘mZmÝVam{VJmo
AZÝVH$mo{Q>brbmZm‘² Aml`mo {ZË`ZyVZ…'' (lrnw.ñd.Am.{Z.2-12) B{V
`X² ‘hmZw^mdmZm§ lr‘Õ[aam`mUm§ à{VnmXZ§ VÌ ^aVZmQ²>çemñÌo ""VX² Efm§
agmZm‘²... CËn{ÎmhoVd… MËdmamo agm…. VX² `Wm e¥§Jmamo am¡Ðmo dramo ~r^Ëg…
B{V. e¥J§ mamX² {h ^doX² hmñ`mo, am¡ÐmÎmw H$éUmo agmo, dramV² M¡d AX²^Vw moËn{Îm…
~r^ËgmV² M ^`mZH$…'' (^a.ZmQ²>ç.6&38-39) B{V dMZoVw gwñnï>‘do MËdmamo
hoVw^yVm… agm… MËdma… M H$m`©^yVm… agm… {Zê${nVm…. e¥§JmaoVaagmZm§
agËdmZä`wnJ‘mo@{n ^aV‘w{ZZm Hw$Ì H¥$V… B{VVw AÝdoï>ì`‘od ^m{V. {H$ÄM
^aV‘w{ZZm Cn{Xï>m… agmA{n ZmQ²>çmdbmoH$Za{gH$m{Yð>mZH$m… ZmQ²>ço A{^Z`m`¡d
Cn`wŠVm… Z{h dñVwV… àU{``wJbm{Yð>mZH$m…. VWm{h ""AmñdmX`pÝV ^wÄOmZm…
^wŠV§ ^wŠV{dXmo OZm… ^mdm{^Z`g§`wŠVm… ñWm{`^mdm… VVmo ~wYm…
AmñdmX`pÝV ‘Zgm Vñ‘mZ² ZmQ²>çagm… ñ‘¥Vm…... ZmZm{^Z`gå~ÕmZ²
^md`pÝV agmZ² B‘mZ² `ñ‘mV² Vñ‘mX² A‘r ^mdm… {dko`m… ZmQ²>ç`moŠV¥{^…''
(^a.ZmQ²>ç.6&32-34) B{V à{VnmX`Vm ñnï>rH¥$V§ `X² ZmQ>Zà`moOZa{hVmo
dmñV{dH$mo a{V^mdmo agmË‘H$mo Z ^d{V.
Vñ‘mX² a{gH$àojH$mZm§ gm‘m{OH$mZm§ H¥$Vo ZmQ>Zà`moOZa{hVm ^JdV…
lrH¥$îUñ` lrd¥f^mZwOm{X{à`V‘mgw VmgmÄM `m {h ^Jd{V emídVr àr{V…,
Vo C^oA{n ^aV‘w{ZdMZàm‘mÊ`m§JrH$maoVw agmpË‘Ho$Ed ^{dVw§ Zmh©V…. AVmo
^Jdëbrb`m gmH§$ ^aVZmQ²>çemñÌmZwgm[a‘`m©Xm Z¡d g§JÀN>{V. AW
~«ô‘~moYH$mon{ZfXmXo… àm‘mÊ`mZwamoYZo V`mo… aVo… agmË‘H$Ëdo A§JrH¥$Vo ^aVm{X‘wZ…o
àm‘mÊ`‘² AYarH¥$V‘od ^do{X{V {df‘monÝ`mgmo AÌ à{V^m{V. {H$ÄM
""agmË‘H$… lw{V{ea…{gÕ… g nwéfmoÎm‘…'' B{V H$ÊR>Vmo Aä`wnVo o lw{V{gÕËdoVw
JyT>^mdmË‘H$ñ` nwéfmoÎm‘ñ` bmoH$doXmVrVËd‘od Z {gÜ`oX.² AW bmoH$doXmVrVËdoVw
JyT>^mdmË‘H$ñ` Vñ` nwéfmoÎm‘Ëd‘² A{gÕ§ ñ`mX² ""`ñ‘mV² ja‘² AVrVmo
Ah‘² AjamX{n M CÎm‘mo AVmo Apñ‘ bmoHo$ doXo M à{WV… nwéfmoÎm‘…''
(^J.JrVm.15&18) B{V Cn{ZfËgmaê$nJrVmVEd VpËgÕo…. VWmM agê$nVm{n
195
`Wm Cn{ZfËà‘mUmdbpå~Zr VWm agmpË‘H$m… brbm… Mm{n
{ZJ‘H$ënVé’$bê$n-lr^mJdVàm‘mÊ`mdbpå~Ý`Ed. VmgmÄM brbmZm§ ldU-
H$sV©Z-^mdZ¡… ö{X A§Hw$[aVm`m§ ^JdÐVo… AZw^yV^JdÐÿnñ` bmoH$doXmVrVVm{n
{dMmanXdr‘² Zm{Yamoh{V. A{nM ""CÎmamo JyT>^mdËdmX² ^ŠV¡H$öX`pñWV…''
BË`oVX²{dYmZñ`m{n ""ñdm{‘ZrZm§ {h ~{h…àmH$Q²>ç‘od ^JdVmo A^rï>§ VX¡d
B©ídadmXmo AÝ`Xm eyÝ`dmX…'' (gw~mo.{Q>ßn.10&26&0&7) B{V à^wMaUdMZmX²
{damoY…. VWm{h ñdm{‘ZrJyT>^mdê$-
(^JdËñZohmË‘H$ËdoZ {^ÝZV`m AZw^y`‘mZËdmX² ^pŠVagmo@{n {^ÝZ…)
^ŠVo… agËd§ H$ÊR>Vmo@{n CŠV§ ""{ZJ‘H$ënVamo… J{bV§ ’$b§, ewH$‘wImX²
A‘¥VÐdg§`wV§, {n~V ^mJdV§ ag‘² Amb`§, ‘whþ… Ahmo a{gH$m… ^w{d
^mdwH$m…'' (^mJ.nwam.1&1&3) BË`Ì CŠVmo "^mJdVmo agmo' ^pŠVagEd, ""`ñ`m§
d¡ ly`‘mUm`m§ H¥$îUo na‘nyéfo ^pŠVa² CËnÚVo nw§g… emoH$‘moh^`mnhm''
(^mJ.nwam.1&7&7) B{V ^º²$`W©‘od ^mJdV-g§{hVm-àU`Z-H$WZmV². VÌ
à{VnmÚ‘mZñ` ^mJdVagñ` ^pŠVê$nVm`mEd
nËdoVw ^JdVm Z VX²öX`¡H$d{V©Zm ^mì`§ {H$ÝVw ~{hZ©`ZJmoMaV`¡d. AVmo
^mdmË‘H$Ëdo ^JdVmo ^mdw H $^mdmZw a mo { YVm Y« w d m Vñ`m§ M gË`m§ Z
^mdwH$öX`¡H$ñWm{`Vm B{V C^`V…nme…. A{nM OÝ‘àH$aUgw~mo{YZr{Q>ßnÊ`mo…
""V§ à{gÕ§ bmoH$doX`mo…... AX²^wV‘² B{V Abm¡{H$H$‘od AX²^wV§ ^d{V
ZVw bmo H $do X {gÕ‘² . BX§ {h à‘o ` ~b‘² - AÝ`Wm àmH¥ $ Vgå~ÝYo
~«ô‘ËdmZwnn{Îm…... `Ú{n doXo {gÕ§ VWm{n `mÑJ² ê$n§ àH$Q>‘² AYwZm
VV² VW¡d'' (gw~mo.{Q>ßn.10&1&9) B{V dMZmbmoMZoVw bmoH$doXà{gÕ-
bmoH$doXmVrVm¡ B{V nwéfmoÎm‘Û¡{dÜ`§ Z¡d {gÜ`{V. VWm{n ‘hmZw^mdmZm§
lr‘X²h[aam`MaUmZm§ Ed§ à{VnmXZo H$mo ^md… B{V H$WÝZw ‘mÑeoZ damHo$Z kmVw§
eŠ`Vo gd©WmVw ^ŠVo… {h agËdo ^JdmZ² ^pŠVagmo ^yËdm ^ŠVöX`m{Y{ð>Vmo
^d{V. `pñ‘Z² ^pŠV^mdo e¥§JmamÚm… g‘ñVm… ^mdm… gÄMm[aV`m AmñdmX{`Vw§
eŠ`ÝVEd Z VÌ {dà{Vn{Îmgå^dZm{n. VX² BX§ ""gd©Xm gd©^mdoZ ^OZr`mo
d«Om{Yn…'' (MVwíbmo.1) B{V lr‘XmMm`©MaU¡… à{Vnm{XV‘².
BX‘² AÌ AdYo`§ : nyd©n{jUm {h `¡… hoVw{^… ñZohñ` kmZm{Xfw AÝV^m©d…
Amnm{XV… VpÝZamH$aUo OmVo g{V BXmZt gd©gÝXohdmaHo$Z lr^mJdVdMZoZm{n
196
^ŠVo… agËd§ gmY{`Vw‘² CnH«$‘ÝVo ^ŠVo… agËd§... BË`m{XZm. ‘Ü`oVw ""{n~V
^mJdV§ ag‘²'' BË`Ì CŠVmo "^mJdVmo agmo' ^pŠVagEd BË`od§ VËñdê$n§
M à{VnmÚ VÌ nwZ… hoVw‘{n {ZXe©`ÝV… Amhþ… ^º²$`W©‘od ^mJdVg§{hVm-
àU`ZH$WZmV² VÌ à{VnmÚ‘mZñ` ^pŠVê$nVm`mEd {gÕo…...
{gÕo… B{V. AVEd e¥§JmamX² {^ÝZV`m AZw^y`VEd a{gH¡$….
{^ÝZV`m AZw ^ y ` VEd a{gH¡ $ … BË`ÝVo Z J« Ý W^mJo Z . VX² EVV²
lr‘XmMm`©MaUmZm‘{n AVrd A{^àoV‘od-
""AÌm{n `moJOY‘}U ì`mg… Ì`‘² AZw^yVdmZ² : nwéfmo,
‘m``m ~ÝYmo, ‘moMZ§ ^pŠVhoVwH$‘²... gwÑT>… gd©Vmo@{YH$ñZohñVw
AmË‘ËdoZ kmVo ^d{V, ‘mhmËå`kmZÝVw g¥ï²>çm{X{^…. VÌ Û`§
gmY{`Vw‘² Efm ^mJdVg§{hVm... ewH$‘wI§ àmß` A‘¥V§ ‘moj‘{n
{e{Wb§ H$amoVr{V ^pŠVagmo A‘¥VÐd…, VoZ g§`wV‘². AZoZ
AÝ`agmX{n A{YH$mo ag… CŠV…... AÌ AmZÝXñ` hao… brbm
emñÌmW©…. ^pŠVO{ZH$m {h g§{hVm. g¥ï²>çmXrZm§ brbmËdo kmVo
^pŠV… ^d{V Z H$m`©Ëdo. H$m¡VwH$m{Y{ð>VoZ AZm`mgoZ {H«$`‘mU§
H$‘© brbm. VXm{h ‘hÎd§ {ZXw©ï>Ëd§ M ^d{V''.
(gw~mo.1&1&1-4).
*
ZZw g‘J«ñ` lr^mJdVemñÌñ` AWm} ^pŠVagmo ^dVw, Xe‘ñ`Vw {deofoU
VX²öX`ê$nV`m VÌ àYmZr^yV… ñH$ÝYmW©… Hw$Vmo Z e¥J§ mampË‘H$m a{V…. VËà{Vnm{XVo
{h e¥§Jma‘yVm£ ^Jd{V ànÄM{dñ‘¥{Vny{d©H$m ewÕm {Zénm{YH$m e¥§JmampË‘H$m
a{Va{n ""Vm… ‘Ý‘ZñH$m… ‘ËàmUm… ‘XW} Ë`ŠVXo { hH$m…''
(^mJ.nwam.10&43&4) B{V ñVwdVm ^JdV¡d VWm Ibw ~mo{YVm. AVmo {ZamoYê$nm
gm B{V A§JrH$mao Z H$m{n ~mYm?* B{V MoX² AÌ Ed‘² AdYo`‘² :
197
`{X{h ànÄM{dñ‘¥{Vny{d©H$m ^Jd{V e¥§JmamgpŠV… {ZamoYbrbmËdoZ
Xe‘mW©V`m Aä`wno`Vo MoV² VXm ^JdVmo d«OmX² AÝ`Ì ÛmaH$m§ à{V JËdm VÌ¡d
AdñWmZ§ ZmonnÚoV. VWm{h ""`yZmo… EH$Vapñ‘Z² JVd{V bmoH$mÝVa§, nwZ…
Abä`o , {d‘Zm`Vo `Xm EH$… VXm ^do V ² H$éU{dàbå^m»`…''
(gm{h.Xn©.3&209) B{V agemñÌmoŠV‘`m©X`m e¥§JmaH$éU{dàbå^`mo…
à^oXm§JrH$mamV² gw~mo{YÝ`m§ M ""VWm Vmgm‘{n àmpßVgå^mdZma{hVo ‘{`
g{V'',""A{VH$ï>o Z -àmUmZ² Yma`pÝV ~ôì`mo ‘¥ V mB{V
"àm`…'J«hU‘²'',""Z{h CÎm‘nXmW©… ñdmon^mo½`… AY‘¡… gh ^moJ‘² Ah©{V.
AVmo Añ‘mV² g§KmVmX² AmXm¡ {Zd¥Îmm… ^dV níMmV² ‘Xwn^moJ§ Hw$éV B{V
VmËn`©‘'² ' (gw~mo.10&43&5-6,44&32) B{V lr‘XmMm`©MaUH¥$Vì`m»`mZo@{n
e¥§JmaaVo… H$méÊ`n`©dgmZÚmoVZoZ AemídVmZw^yVo… M na‘’$bËdmgå^dmX{n Z
OmVw Xe‘ñH$ÝYo dÊ`© ‘ mZm`m… {Zamo Y brbm`m…
ànÄM{dñ‘¥{Vnyd©H$^JdÀN¥>§JmamgpŠVOZH$Vm A§JrH$Vwª eŠ`m.
*
ZZw ’$bgmYH$ËdmX² ^pŠV‘mJ} {dà`moJEd nwéfmW©…. gM {dà`moJmo {Û{dYmo
: Y‘m©Ë‘H$mo Yå`m©Ë‘H$… M, AmZÝXñ` lwVm¡ C^`ê$nËdoZ {Zê$nUmV² VÐÿnñ`
agñ`m{n Û¡{dÜ`{‘{V. "{dà`moJm'»`… ñdê$nmË‘H$mo ag… ñdm{‘Zrä`Ed XÎmB{V
ZÝXm{Xfw Y‘©ê$nVÔmZ‘². AV… VXWª nyd©ê$noU AmJ‘Z‘² Amdí`H$‘od. AÝ`Wm
VoZ AÝ`Wm^mdEd ñ`mX², dpôZVmnoZ dpôZ{^ÝZñ` XmhdV². dôÝ`mË‘H$ËdoVw Z
Xmhmo dôZo[ad. AVEd ñdm{‘ZrZm‘² AW} ZmJ‘Z§ VÔohmXrZm§ VÐgmË‘H$ËdmV²*
B{V Mo V ² Z, EVñ`m… {dà`mo J mdñWm`m… na‘’$bËd§
lr‘XmMm`© à ^w M aUmo p ŠV{déÕ‘o d à{V^mVr{V. VWm{h
EVXdñWm{df`H$^JdX²^mdme`ì`m»`mZo-
""Ah§ H¥$ËñZ… àgmXoZ àmßV… H¥$ËñZoZd¡ gmYZoZ àmßVw§ `mo½`….
gmM (gmYZ)H¥$ËñZVm Añ`m‘od AdñWm`m§ ^d{V ZmÝ`Wm...
‘ZmoÛmam ñd`§ ^Jd{V à{dï>m… ñ‘aUÛmam M ^JdmZ² Vmgw
à{dï>B{V... ‘Zmo{db`o {MÎmñ`m{n {db`mX² A{MamXod àmpßV…,
AmË‘Jmå`od(?{‘Z¡d) H$m‘oZ ’$bê$nmo Ah§ ‘w»`… B{V
VmËn`©‘²''.
198
 (gw~mo.10&44&37).
""ZZw "A{MamX² ‘m‘² Admßñ`W' BË`Zo Z ny d © d X²
{‘bZbjUm àmpßV… CÀ`Vo CV AÝVJ©VJmon^m`m©Um{‘d gm
CÀ`Vo? AmÚm MoX² "Amo‘²' B{V ~«y‘…. AÝË`m MoX² A{Zï>ËdmX²
ZoX§ g‘mYmZ‘²... VX²dX² `Wmnyd©‘od {‘bZ§ ^{dî`{V''.
({Q>ßn.10&44&38).
(g§`moJ{d`moJm¡ ñZohñ`¡d AdñWm^oXm¡ B{V ^ŠVoa{n gm§JËd‘²)
5
`Îmw ""e¥§Jmañ`¡d Ûmd{n AdñWm^oXm¡ g§`moJmo {dàbå^… M'' B{V gd£…
CÀ`Vo VÎmw A{dMm[aVa‘Ur`§, ‘mÌm{Xîd{n A{Z{fÕg§`moJgwI-{dàbå^`mo…
CnbãYo…. AV… ñZohñ`¡d Vm¡ ^oXm¡. dñVwVñVw a{Va{n ñZoh{deofEd. Ed§ g{V
e¥§Jmañ`¡d agËd§ Z Ho$db§ ñZohñ` BË`Ì {d{ZJ‘H$m^mdmV² VXw^`mo… nmW©Š`oZ
agËd‘² ñdrH$m`©‘². VWmM Zm{`H$m`m§ Zm`H$ñ` Vpñ‘Z² Vñ`m… M `m a{V… gm
e¥§Jma…. ‘mÌmXrZm§ nwÌmXm¡ Vofm§ M Vofw `m a{V… g Ho$dbñZoh(?dmËgë`)ag… B{V
{gÕ‘².
EVoZ d«OEd XohmÝVaàXmZoZ AWdm XohmÝVao dm d«ObrbmàmH$Q²>çoZ
d«OJmo{nH$mZm‘{n nwZ… Ambå~Z{d^mdê$noUm{n ^JdËàmpßV… {Z…e§H$m.
{dà`wŠVmZm§ ñdm{‘ZrZm‘{n Y{‘©ñdê$nmË‘H$Xohm{X{Zd¥{Îmbrbm ^pŠVagoZ
A{déÕm{n e¥§JmaagoVw agm^mgê$n¡d. VoZ EVñ`m… AdñWm`m… Z ’$bê$nVm
àË`wV ’$bmZw^dmoÎmaOmVgmYZmZw^y{Vê$nV¡d {gÜ`{V. VXoVV² gdª Jmo{nH$mZm§ {h
{Zén{Ye¥§JmaVo…, gmon{Ye¥§JmaVo… dm, na‘’$bê$nñWm{`^mdËdo ~mYH$‘{n
AmË‘a{VY‘©^yVm`m… ^ŠVo… gÄMm[aV`m A§Jr{H«$`‘mUo Z {H$‘{n ~mYH$m`Vo.
^JdVmo @ {n em§ J m© [ aH$mbå~Z{d^md-ñWm{`^mdê$nËdo ~mYH§ $ gX{n
AmË‘a{VY‘©ê$n^ŠVo… Ambå~Z{d^mdñWm{`^mdËdo ZofX{n ~mYH$‘².
{gÕ§ VXoVoZ ""brbm§ Hw$d©Z² emñÌmWª M ñWmn`{V'' B{V Ý`m`oZ ^JdmZod
AmË‘a‘U{dñVmam` {ZOmZÝXY‘©^yVm`m… AmË‘aË`§eê$nñ` ^pŠVagñ`
gÄMm[a^mdV`¡d d«OJmo{nH$mgw e¥§Jma^mdmoX²~moYZ§ MH$ma. VX² `Wm àmoT>mgw
199
""VX² d«OpñÌ` AmlwË` doUwJrV§ ñ‘amoX`‘²'' B{V H$m[aH$m`m… gw~mo{YÝ`m§ :
""e¥§JmamW©‘od Hy$OZ§ H¥$VdmZ². Ed‘² CX²~moYZ‘² CŠËdm Vm{^… gh a‘Uo
H$m{‘ZrH$m‘moX²~moYH$ËdmV² Hy${OVñ` d«OpñÌ`mo@{n CX²~wÕH$m‘m… OmVm…''
(^mJ.gw~mo.10&18&4) BË`Ì AmË‘mam‘ñ` ^JdVmo brb`¡d Vmgw H$m‘^md…
VoZM Ambå~Z{d^mdñ` e¥§Jma‘y{V©Vm ZmÝ`Wm. lrZÝXJ¥ho Xmgrê$nmgw
Hw$‘m[aH$mñd{n ""AÌ AmJË` A~bm… H$m‘§ ñd§-ñd§ dmg… àJ¥h²`Vm‘²''
BË`Ì gw~mo{YÝ`m‘² : ""Añ‘Xr`… H$m‘… VÌ Z JÀN>{V AVmo AÌ¡d AmJË`
H$m‘§ dmg… AmÀN>mXH§$ dñÌê$n§ H$m‘‘`ËdmX²... gd©ñ`¡d H$m‘ñ`
Am{YX¡{dH$‘² AÌ {Vð>{V BË`Vmo dñÌgå~ÝYmV² nydª {ZîH$m‘mEd Vm…''
(^mJ.gw ~ mo . 10&19&10) BË`o V o Z ^Jdëbrb`¡ d Vmä`… H$m‘XmZ§
VËH$m‘^mdmZwamoYoZ M VX²^mdmbå~Z{d^mdV`m ^JdVm e¥§Jma‘y{V©Vm àH${Q>Vm.
g¡ f m {Zamo Y àH$aUmZw é ÕËdo Z Jmo { nH$mZm§ ànÄM{dñ‘aUny d © H § $ ñdpñ‘Z²
AmgpŠVgånmXZê$nm brbm B{V ahñ`‘². {ZamoYbrbm {h gd©agê$nYm[aUm
^JdVm H¥ $ Vo { V {d{dYagmbå~Z{d^mdV`m ^JdmZ² AmË‘mZ§ ^md`Z²
e¥ § J mamË‘H$mo @ {n OmV…. AVEd à^w M aUmZm§ ""A`ÄM ag…
gd©^mdànÎ`oH$bä`…... VÌ B©ídamo {h gd©ag^moŠVm ^d{V "gd©ag…'
B{V lwVo…. H$m‘agmo {h VmÑe^mddVrfw {d{eï>mo AZw^yVmo ^d{V... ZZw
H$m‘monm{YñZohdÎdoZ VWm CÀ`Vo B{V MoV² Z, VWm ñZoho ^JdVmo@{n
{df`mÝVaVw ë `Ëdo Z "gÝË`Á` gd© { df`mZ² ' B{V H$WZmZw n nÎmo … ,
{df`mW©‘od AmJ‘ZmV²... Z{h H$m{‘Ý`… Ed§ dXpÝV {H$ÝVw ^ŠVmEd...
VXZÝVaÝVw `X² a‘U§ VÎmw "agmo d¡ g…' B{V lwVo… ñdê$nñ` agmË‘H$ËdmX²
agarË`m ñdê$nmZÝXXmZ‘od'' ({Q>ßn.nya.10&26&16) B{V à{H«$`m{ZépŠV….
AÝ`Wm {ZamoYbjUo ""`ÀM Xw…I§ `emoXm`m… ZÝXmXrZm§ M JmoHw$bo Jmo{nH$mZm§
M `X² Xw…I§... JmoHw$bo Jmo{nH$mZm§ M gd}fm d«Odm{gZm§ `V² gwI§ g‘^yX²''
({Z.b.1-2) BË`od§ dmËgë`g»`‘mYw`© Xmñ`ê$nmUm‘² AZoH${dY^mdmZm§ ^mdZm`m…
CnXoemo Ag§JVEd ^doV². AVmo ^JdVmo bmoH$^mdmZwgm[añdê$nm{dîH$aUà{H«$`m§
àXe©`X²{^… AmMm`©MaU¡…-
""à‘o`oU {ZamoYmo AÌ H$V©ì`mo h[aUm ^¥e‘²&
bmoH$m… M XeYm {^ÝZm… VVmo Xe{dYmo A^dV²&&
200
 `ñ` ^mdmo `Wm bmoHo$ Vñ` AZwgaUo H¥$Vo&
{ZamoYmo Om`Vo gå`J² AÝ`Wm ~ÝYZ§ ^doV²&&
JwUm… Zd{dYm… àmoŠVm… VX^md… VWm na…&
e¥§Jmam{Xagm… M¡d Vofm‘od {Zê$nH$m…&&
am¡Ðmo AX²^wV… M e¥§Jmamo hmgmo dramo X`m VWm&
^`mZH$mo@{n ~r^Ëg… emÝVmo ^pŠVag… VWm&&
EVmZ² Xe©{`Vw§ ^mdmZ² h[aaod VWm ~^m¡&
AV… Vpñ‘Z² JwUmEd gd} ^mdm ZM AÝ`Wm&&''
(gw~mo.10&40&17).
BË`oVofw íbmoHo$fw gd}fm‘{n ag^mdmZm‘² AZwH$aUo bmoH$mZwgm[aVm {Z{X©ï>m.
*
ZM Ed§ g{V ^pŠV^mdmZwgaUo@{n bmoH$mZwgaU‘od Am`mV{‘{V ^JdVmo
^OZr`Ëd‘{n ñdm^m{dH§$ ‘m ^yV² VWmM ^{jVo@{n bewZo Z emÝVmo ì`m{Y…*
B{V àË`dñWmVì`§, `Vmo A§eV… VX{n Bï>‘odo{V. AVEd lr‘XmMm`©MaUm…
{Zê$n`pÝV ""`Xm ^JdV… "B©emo@h‘²' B{V BÀN>m VXm B©{eVì`mnojUmV²
OZZ‘² ' ',""Am{d^m© d … ñdo À N>`m ^ŠË`m kmZo Z dm.
^JdXdVmam{V[aŠVH$mbo Û`‘o d ho V w … . AdVmaXem`mÝVw Z V`mo …
à`moOH$Ëd‘². dfm©H$mbo Ob§ gd©Ì gwb^{‘{V Z Hy$nZXrZm‘² AZwn`moJ…
e§H$Zr`…'' (gw~mo.3&9&9,10&26&13) B{V. Bh "^JdX²'-"B©e'nXo
^JdÎdkmnH¡$íd`m©{XfS²>{dYJwUmonbjHo$. VX² CŠV§ ""Eoíd`©ñ` g‘J«ñ` dr`©ñ`
`eg… {l`… kmZd¡am½``mo… M¡d fÊUm§ "^J' B{V B©[aUm'' ({dîUwn.w 6&5&74)
B{V. Vñ‘mX² ~«ô‘U… CnÐï´>Zw‘ÝV¥^V©¥^moŠV¥‘hoídana‘mË‘ê$nYmaUoÀN>m`m§ `Wm
OrdmË‘g¥{ï>… VWm ^JdÐÿnYmaUoÀN>m`m§ ^ŠVg¥{ï>…. VWm{n ñdVmo AàmH$Q²>çH$mbo
{ZJ©wUm ^pŠVaod ^JdËàmH$Q²>ço à‘wImo hoVw…, `WmM CÀ`Vo ""gd}fm‘{n
^yVmZm§ h[a… AmË‘m B©ída… {à`…... Xodmo Agwamo ‘Zwî`mo `jmo JÝYd©Ed dm
^OZ² ‘wHw$ÝXMaU§ ñdpñV‘mZ² ñ`mX² `Wm d`§, Zmb§ {ÛOËd§ XodËd§ F${fËd§
dm... àrUZm` ‘wHw$ÝXñ` Z d¥Îm§ Z ~hþkVm Z XmZ§ Z Vnmo Z BÁ`m Z emoM§ Z
201
d« V m{Z M àr`Vo A‘b`m ^ŠË`m h[a… AÝ`X² {dS>å~Z‘² ' '
(^mJ.nwam.7&7&49-52) B{V. Vñ‘mX² ^pŠVaod ^mJdVñ` ‘w»`… à{VnmÚmo
{df`mo, ^JdV… ñdV…àmH$Q²>çH$mbo@{n Vpñ‘Z² OrdmZm§ {ZamoYmo ^ŠË`mË‘H$Ed
MoV² g ^Jdëbrbm`m§ ^¥e‘² AZwJwUmo ^d{V. AÝ`Wm e¥§JmaagmZwJwUoZ ñdê$noU
g¡aÝÜa²çm gmH§$ a‘Uo@{n Z Vñ`m… ^Jd{V {ZamoY… g‘OZr{V lrewH$mo@{n ""gm
Ed§ H¡$dë`ZmW§ V§ àmß` Xwîàmn‘² B©ída§... Xw^©Jm BX‘²
^JdX²{df{`H$m`m… {Zénm{YH$m`m… {Û{dYm`mA{n aVo… Abm¡{H$H$ËdoZ
‘w»`agê$nËd§, ""agmo d¡ g…'' (V¡{Îm.Cn.2&7) B{V lwVo… ^JdVmo agê$nËdmV².
bm¡{H$H$ñ`Vw Cnm{YOÝ`ËdmV² VXm^mgËd‘² B{V ko`‘².
A`mMV... Vñ`¡ H$m‘da§ XÎdm ‘mZ{`Ëdm M ‘mZX…... Xw a mamÜ`§
g‘mamÜ`... `mo d¥ U rVo ‘Zmo J « m h² ` ‘² AgÎdmV² Hw $ ‘Zrfr Agm¡ ' '
(^mJ.nwam.10&45&8-11) B{V ^JdV… Ho$dbe¥§JmaagmË‘H$Ëdo g¡aÝÜa²çm…
VmÑŠñdê$nmZwê$n^JdËH$m‘dÎdoM H$W§H$ma§ {H$‘{n {ZÝÚ{‘d `m{MV§ dm AmM[aV§
dm H$ën{`Vw§ eŠ`§ ñ`mV²?
`ñ‘mX² ^JdV… e¥§JmamË‘H$ËdoVw g¡aÝÜa²`m… VX²{df`H$… H$m‘… ñdê$nH$m‘mo
^dZ² d«OJmo{nH$mH$m‘gÑeEd ñ`mV² Zmonm{YH$…, `ñ‘mV² M Vñ`m… Xw^©JmËdoZ
^mJdVo {ZÝXm JmonrOZmZm§ M ""Ahmo `y`§ M ñ‘ nyUm©Wm©… ^dË`mo bmoH$ny{OVm…
dmgw X o d o ^Jd{V `mgm‘² B{V A{n© V § ‘Z….
XmZd«VVnmohmo‘OnñdmÜ`m`g§`‘¡… lo`mo{^… {d{dY¡… M AÝ`¡… H¥$îUo ^pŠV…
{h gmÜ`Vo. ^Jd{V CÎm‘íbmoH$o ^dVr{^… AZwÎm‘m ^pŠV… àd{V©Vm {Xï²>çm
‘wZrZm‘{n Xwb©^m. {Xï²>çm nwÌmZ² nVrZ² XohmZ² ñdOZmZ² ^dZm{Z M {hËdm
d¥UrV `y`§ `V² "H¥$îUm'»`§ nwéf§ na‘²'' (^mJ.nwam.10&44&23-26) B{V
^¥e§ àe§gm M Cnbä`Vo VV… C^`mo… VmaVå`‘² A§JrH$m`©‘od. VVmo{h g¡aÝÜa²`m…
^Jd{V e¥§JmamË‘H$… H$m‘^mdEd à~b… AmgrX². d«OJmo{nH$mZmÝVw d«OamOHw$‘mao
gdm©Ë‘^mdEdo{V Z Vmgm§ öX²JVH$m‘monm{YZm ^JdmZ² Ho$dbe¥§JmamË‘H$mo OmV….
`Vmo{h ^JdV¡d Vmgm§ {Zénm{YH$mo ^md… ^JdXZÝ`H$m‘V`m e¥§Jm[aVB{V ‘hX²
d¡bjÊ`‘² C^`mo…. Vñ‘mX² A{^Y`m d¥Î`m ^JdËg¥ï>VÎmÝZm‘ê$nH$‘©namUm§ lwVrZm§
`Wm na‘VmËn`©d¥Î`mVw ""doX¡… M gd£… Ah‘od doÚ…'' (^J.JrVm.15&15)
202
B{V dmŠ`mX² ^JdXoH$naËd§ VWm AÝ`{ddm{hVmZm§ JmoZrOZmZm§ AZÝ`à‘o`ê$no
^Jd{V na‘VmËn`©‘². VVmo {ZObrbm{dhmaoÀN>`¡d ^JdmZ² H$mÝV^mdmnÝZmo
OmV…. VW¡ d {ZOgmYZ¡ … ^JdÝV§ {ZOn{VËdo Z H$m‘`‘mZmZm§
F${fê$nZÝXJ¥hr`XmgrZm§ Hw$‘m[aH$mZm§ H¥$Vo@{n ^JdmZ² ñdñ` H$mÝV^mdmnÎm`o
e¥§Jma‘y{V©Vm§ ñdH$s`m‘² Am{díMH$ma. Z{h dñVwV… Vmgm§ H$m‘^md… AmgrV²
Zm{n ‘ybê$nÑï²>çm ^JdmZ² Vmgm§ H¥$Vo H$m‘^mdmbå~Z{d^mdê$nmo dm B{V. VX²
BX§ {ZpIb§ ö{X g‘dYm`© Amhþ… ^JdX²{df{`H$m`m… {Zénm{YH$m`m…
{Û{dYm`mA{n aVo… BË`maä` bm¡{H$H$ñ`Vw Cnm{YOÝ`ËdmV² VXm^mgËd‘²
BË`mÚÝV‘². {Û{dYm`m… B{V dmËgë`ê$nm`m… e¥§Jmaê$nm`m… M. VXoVV²
H¥$îUmon{Zf{X ly`Vo-
""lr‘hm{dîUw § gpÀMXmZÝXbjU§ am‘MÝЧ Ñï² > d m
gdmªJgwÝXa§ ‘wZ`mo dZdm{gZmo {dpñ‘Vm ~^ydw…... ^dmÝVao `y`§
Jmo{nH$m… ^yËdm ‘m‘² AmqbJW... `mo ZÝX… na‘mZÝXmo `emoXm
‘wpŠVJo{hZr... JmoHw$b§ dZd¡Hw$ÊR>§ Vmngm… VÌ d¡ Ðþ‘m…...
eofZmJmo ^doX² am‘… H¥$îUmo ~«ô‘¡d emídV‘², Aï>m¡ Aï>ghòo Ûo
eVm{YŠ`… pñÌ`… VWm F$Mmon{ZfX… Vm d¡ ~«ô‘ê$nm… F$M…
pñÌ`…... Vñ‘mX² Z {^ÝZ§ Zm{^ÝZ§ Zm{^… {^ÝZmo Zd¡ {d^w…, ^y‘m¡
CÎmm[aV§ gdª d¡Hw$ÊR>‘²... ''.
(H¥$îUmon.1-25) B{V.
Vñ‘mX² brbmdoemV² Šd{MV²-Šd{MX² AÝ`WmdmŠ`m{Z EVofm§ ly`‘mUmÝ`{n
dñVwVmo bmoH$moÎmamÊ`odo{V `ofm§ ö{X ^mJdVr ^pŠV… {dbg{V V¡aod AdJÝVw§
eŠ`m{Z. VVEd ^pŠVO{ZH$m`m§ lr‘X²^mJdVg§{hVm`m§-
""`X² ‘Ë`©brbmon{`H§$ ñd`moJ‘m`m~b§ Xe©`Vm J¥hrV§
{dñ‘mnZ§ ñdñ` M gm¡^JÕ}… na§ nX§ ^yfU^yfUm§J§... `ñ`
AZwamJßbwVhmgamgbrbmdbmoH$à{VbãY‘mZm… d«OpñÌ`mo
Ñp½^… AZwàd¥Îm{Y`mo AdVñWw… {H$b H¥$Ë`eofm…... Ñï>m
^dX²{^… ZZw amOgy`o M¡Úñ` H¥$îU§ {ÛfVmo@{n {g{Õ…, `m§ `mo{JZ…
g§ñn¥h`pÝV gå`J² `moJoZ... ñd`ÝVw Agmå`m{Ve`… Í`Yre…
ñdmamÁ`búå`mßVg‘ñVH$m‘…... ‘Ý`o AgwamZ² ^mJdVmZ²
203
Í`Yreo gaå^‘mJm©{^{Z{dï>{MÎmmZ²... dgwXodñ` XodŠ`m§ OmVmo
^moOoÝÐ~ÝYZo {MH$sfw© ^JdmZ² Añ`m… e‘² AOoZ A{^`m{MV…,
VVmo ZÝXd«O‘² BV… {nÌm H§$gmX² {d{~ä`Vm EH$mXe g‘m… VÌ
JyT>m{M©… g~bmo AdgV². narVmo dËgn¡… dËgmZ² Mma`Z² ì`haX²
{d^w… `‘wZmondZo Hy$OX² {ÛOg§Hw${bVm§{K«no H$m¡‘mat Xe©`Z² Moï>m§
àojUr`m§ d«OmoH$gm§ éXpÝZd hgZ² ‘w½Y~mbqghmdbmoH$Z…''.
(^mJ.nwam.3&2&12-28) B{V.
*ZZw ""kmZ‘m̧ na§ ~«ô‘ na‘mË‘m B©ída… nw‘mZ² Ñí`m{X{^… n¥W½^md¡…
^JdmZ² EH$… B©`Vo...kmZ‘² EH§$ namMrZ¡… BpÝÐ`¡… ~«ô‘ {ZJ©wU§ Ad^m{V
AW©ê$noU ^«mÝË`m eãXm{XY{‘©Um... kmZ`moJ… M ‘pÝZð>mo Z¡Jw©Ê`mo
^pŠVbjUmo Û`mo a {n EH$Ed AWm} "^JdM² ' N>ãXbjU…''
(^mJ.nwam.3&32&26-32) B{V dMZo "~«ô‘'B{V XoeH$mbdñVwn[aÀN>Xo a{hVñ`,
"na‘mË‘m' B{V gdm©Ë‘mÝV`m©{‘U…, "B©ída…' B{V gd©{Z`m‘H$ñ`, "nwéf…' B{V
jamjamVrVñ` VÎdñ` kmZ‘mÌËdmo Š Ë`m àË`jà‘mUH$aU¡ kmZo p ÝÐ`¡ …
Ñí`m{Xà‘o`V`m namojà‘mUH$aU¡… M eãXm{X{^… dmÀ`mÚW©V`m M àVrVo…
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lw{VnwamUm{Xfw ~«÷Y‘©ËdoZ AZwŠVËdmV² M. AV… H$m[aH$moŠV§ gd©‘od
Ag§JV‘².*
(V¡{Îm.Cn.2&4) B{V, ""`X² ‘Zgm Z ‘ZwVo `oZ Amhþ… ‘Zmo ‘V‘². VXod
~«ô‘...ZoX§ `X² BX‘² CnmgVo'' (Ho$Zmon.1&5) B{V, ""`Xm... ‘Zgm gh
~w{Õ… M Z {dMoï>{V V‘² Amhþ… na‘m§ J{V‘²'' (H$R>mno .2&3&10) BË`m{XdMZofw
‘Zgm Aàmß`ËdlmdUmV² M.
K
ñ`mX² EVX² *Z{h "AmZÝX'nXoZ gmjmX² ~«ô‘ AÌ {dd{jV§ {H$ÝVw
gpÀMXmZÝXñ` ~«ô‘Umo ZdYm ^OZoZ ^ŠVmË‘{Z Om`‘mZ§ `V² gwI§ VXod,
VËàH$ma{deofmo dm ^pŠV… B{V dm. VÀM gwI‘² BVaoÀN>mZYrZoÀN>m{df`r^yVmo
dm AZwHy$bV`m doXZr`mo dm OrdmË‘JwUEd* B{V, `{X ^ŠVo… agê$nVm{n
A{^àoVm Z ñ`mX². agñVw A{ZVagmYmaU… AmË‘JwU…. Z{h gd}fm§ gwImZm§
agê$nËd{‘{V. {H$ÄM ^ŠVo … agê$nVm{n Z gå^d{V, agemñÌo
VWmonXoemZwnbå^mV². AW *agemñÌo VWmonXoemZwnbå^o@{n Cn{Zf{X ""agmo d¡
g…. ag§ h²`od A`§ bãÜdm AmZÝXr ^d{V'' (V¡ { Îm.Cn.2&7) B{V
AmZÝXê$n~«ô‘Umo agËdlmdUmV² VÕ‘©V`m AmZÝXY‘©Vm‘² A{^XÜ‘ho* B{V
CÀ`Vo MoV² VX{n Z gmYw, Xoe-H$mb-ñdê$nVmo gd©Wm AdÀN>oXa{hVñ` ~«ô‘Umo
Y‘©ê$nËdo {h ^pŠV^mdoZm{n VW¡d ^{dVì`‘². gVw ""gËg§JJwê$nXoem{XV… nydª
^Jd{V ^pŠV^mdmo ZmgrX²'' B{V, ""nydª ^pŠV^mddÎdo@{n Xw…g§JmV² VX²{dbmonmo
OmV…'' B{V, ""XodXÎmñ` ^pŠV^mddÎdo@{n YZXÎmo VXË`ÝVm^md…'' B{V,
""^JdX²{df`H$mo ^pŠV^mdmo AÝ`{dYmo AÝ`… M Vpñ‘Z² Ûof^md…'' B{V M
MVw{d©Ym^mdà{V`mo{JV`m ñ’w$Q>¡d A~«ô‘Y‘©Vm ^pŠV^mdñ` B{V Ame`oZ
Am{jn{V {H$ÄM BË`m{XZm.
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{H$ÄM Y‘£ñVw gd£… {h ñdñdY{‘©fw d¥{Îm‘X²{^aod ^mì`‘². {MX§e^yVOrdofw
211
(CÎmanj…)
B{V àmßVo A{^Yr`Vo-
{Zénm{Y{à`Ëdñ` {ZUuVm ~«÷Y‘©Vm&&
dmŠ`mÝd`m{YH$aUo@Ý`ÀN´>r^mJdVo pñWV‘²&&3&&
Vw AmZÝXm§e{VamoYmZmä`wnJ‘mX² AmZÝXmo OrdY‘m} ^{dVw‘² Zmh©{V. ^pŠVíM
nwZ… Ordofw ^JdX²{df{`Ur A{^àoVo{V qH$ Ho$Z gå~Ü`Vo? ZM *A§em§{eZmo…
VmXmËå`ñ` Aä`wnJ‘mX² Ordoîd{n ~«ô‘Y‘m©… Hw$Vmo Z gå^dpÝV?* B{V dmÀ`§,
VXm ~«÷Ê`{n Ord{df{`Ur ^pŠV… A§JrH$V©ì`m ^doV² Ý`m`gm‘mÝ`mV². ZM
*
""...EH$‘od A{ÛVr`‘². VX² EojV ~hþ ñ`m§ àOm`o`'' (N>mÝXmo.Cn.6&2&3)
B{V lwË`m EH$ñ`¡d AZoH$^mdmnÝZV`m `{Õ VXoH$ËdmdÀN>oXH§$ VXdpÀN>ÝZm… `o
Y‘m©… Vo ~«ô‘Ê`od d¥{Îm‘ÝVmo ^dpÝV, Vñ`¡d ~«ô‘U… nwZ… AZoH$m§emË‘Zm
AZoH$dX²^mdmnÝZñ` `o AZoH$ËdmdÀN>oXH$g‘mZm{YH$aUm… AZoHo$ Y‘m©… Z Vo
A§{e{Z ñdr{H«$`ÝVB{V AmZÝXñ` ~«ô‘Y‘©Vm ^ŠVo… M OrdY‘©Vm B{V C^`‘{n
gå^dXw p ŠVH$‘o d * B{V dmÀ`§ , ""KÅ>Hw$Q²>çm§ à^mV''Ý`m`oZ ^ŠVo…
AmZÝXY‘©Vmbmonàg§JmV² M. A{nM ""VmZ² d¡ Ì`pņ̃eX² XodmZ² EHo$
~«ô‘{dXmo {dXw…'' (AWd©g§{h.10&23&4&27) ""BÝЧ {‘̧ déU‘² Ap½Z‘²
Amhþ… AWmo {Xì`… g gwnUm} JéË‘mZ² EH§$ gX² {dàm… ~hþYm dXpÝV Ap½Z§
`‘§ ‘mV[aídmZ‘² Amhþ…'' (F$Šg§{h.2&3&22&46) BË`od‘m{XdMZoä`mo `{X
^pŠV… na~«ô‘{df{`Ur VXm haoaod ^ŠVm¡ AmJ«hmo ì`W©…. Vñ‘mX² AZoHo$fw Xodofw
H$ñ`{MX² EH$ñ`¡d Xodñ` ^pŠV… `{X A^rï>m Z VXm gm na~«ô‘{df{`Ur
^doV². B{V A{^gÝYm` nyd©njr Amh lw{V BË`m{XZm.
Ed§ nyd©njo àmßVo {gÕmÝVr àH«$mÝVH«$‘n[aË`mJoZ g‘mYÎmo. nw{ï>^ŠVo…
1
‘wŠVmdñWm`m‘{n A{^bmfmh©Vm 2^JdX²{deofmZwJh« àmß`Vm 3gpÀMXmZÝX~«ô‘U…
AmZÝXm§eY‘©Vm 4agê$nVm 5lrh[a{df`H$Vm M BË`oVo JwUY‘m©… Bh à{Vnm{XVm….
VoîdoVofw nÄMgw ~hÿZm‘² Cn{ZfXoH$Jå`V`m nyd©n{jUm{n ""lw{VnwamUm{Xfw ^ŠVo…
~«ô‘Y‘©ËdoZ AZwŠVo…'' B{V àË`m»`mVËdoZ lm¡Vñ` Añ` {df`ñ` lwË`W©‘r‘m§g`¡d
{ZYm©aU§ H$Vwª eŠ`{‘{V VW¡d CÎmanj‘² Ama^ÝVo B{V àmßVo A{^Yr`Vo
BË`m{XZm Ag§JV‘² BË`ÝVoZ.
212
 BX‘² AÌ àW‘Vmo AZwgÝYo`§ `V² lw{Vñ‘¥{VgyÌgÝXohdmaHo$ lr^mJdVo
à{Vnm{XV‘² :
""dmgwXodo ^Jd{V ^pŠV`moJ… à`mo{OVmo OZ`{V Amew
d¡am½`§ kmZ§ `V² VX² AhoVwH§$... dXpÝV VV² VÎd{dX… VÎd§ `X²
kmZ‘² AÛ`§ "~«ô‘' B{V "na‘mË‘m' B{V "^JdmZ²' B{V eãÚVo.
VÀN´>ÔYmZm… ‘wZ`mo kmZd¡am½``wŠV`m ní`pÝV AmË‘{Z M
AmË‘mZ§ ^ŠË`m lwVJ¥hrV`m... {^ÚVo öX`J«pÝW… {N>ÚÝVo
gd©g§e`m… jr`ÝVo M Añ` H$‘m©{U Ñï>Ed AmË‘{Z B©ídao...
gÎd§ aO… V‘… B{V àH¥$Vo… JwUm… V¡… `wŠV… na… nwéf… EH$… Bh
Añ` YÎmo pñWË`mX`o "h[a'-"{dapÄM'-"ha' B{V g§km… lo`m§{g
VÌ Ibw gÎdVZmo… Z¥Um§ ñ`w…... dmgwXodnam… doXm… dmgwXodnam…
‘Im… dmgwXodnam… `moJm… dmgwXodnam… {H«$`m… dmgwXodna§ kmZ§
dmgwXodna§ Vn… dmgwXodnamo Y‘m} dmgwXodnam J{V…. gEd BX§
ggO© AJ«o ^JdmZ² AmË‘‘m``m gXgÐÿn`m M Agm¡ JwU‘æ`m
AJwUmo {d^w…. V`m {db{gVofw Efw JwUofw JwUdm{Zd AÝV…à{dï>…
Am^m{V {dkmZoZ {dO¥på^V…''.
(^mJ.nwam.1&2&5-31)
*
ZZw B©Ñem{Z dMZm{Z AÝ`XodàmYmÝ`à{VnmXHo$fw nwamUmÝVaofw AÝ`ofm‘{n
XodmZm§ {df`o Cnbä`ÝVB{V Zoh XodVm{deofñ` ‘mhmËå`à{VnmXZo ^a… {H$‘wV
Xo d {deo f gå~pÝY-ê$n-Zm‘-brbmo n {hV§ ~« ô ‘¡ d emIméÝYVrÝ`m`o Z
VmËn`©{df`r^yV,§ nwamUmZm§ doXmWm}n~¥h§ UmW©ËdmV². `WmM dmëb^o ~mb~moYo J«ÝWo@{n
à{Vnm{XV‘² ""AV… {ed… M {dîUw… M OJVmo {hVH$maH$m¡... ~«ô‘¡d VmÑe§
`ñ‘mV² gdm©Ë‘H$V`m C{XVm¡ {ZXm}fnyU©JwUVm VÎmÀN>mñÌo V`mo… H¥$Vm''
(~m.~mo.11-13)* B{V MoV² gË`§, AÝ`X{n {H$pÄMX² Añ‘XmMm`©aUm… EVpñ‘Z²
{df`o à{VnmX`pÝV.
VWm{h :
""`kê$nmo h[a… nydH© $mÊSo> ~«ô‘VZw… nao AdVmar h[a… H¥$îU…
lr^mJdVo B©`©Vo. gy`m©{Xê$nY¥J² ~«ô‘H$mÊSo> kmZm§J‘² B©`©Vo.
213
nwamUoîd{n gd}fw VÎmÐÿnmo h[a… VWm. ^OZ§ gd©ê$nofw ’$b{gÕç¡
VWm{n Vw Am{X‘y { V© … H¥ $ îUEd go ì `… gm`w Á `H$må``m''
(V.Xr.{Z.1&11-13).
""do X mo Š VmZm‘² A½Ý`mXrZm§ Xo d mo n mgZ~w Õ çm
Ap½ZhmoÌm{XH$aUo ^oX~wÕo… {dÚ‘mZËdmV² VÎmÔodVmgm`wÁ`‘².
nm¡am{UH$m… XwJm©JUn{Và^¥V`…'' (V.Xr.{Z.à.2&265).
BË`oVoZ lrH¥$îUñ`m{n Ho$dbXod~wÕçm ^OZoVw Z ‘w»`m ^pŠV… {H$‘wV
gdm}nmXmZV`m gd©ê$nV`m gd©Zm‘V`m gd©H$‘©V`m gd©’$bXmV¥V`m gd©’$bê$nV`m
M ^OZo H¥$Vo g{V gpÀMXmZÝXñ` ~«ô‘U… AmZÝXY‘©ê$nm nw{ï>^pŠV… {dH$g{V.
EVXme`o Z ¡ d CŠV§ Zm¡ { ‘ h[a^pŠV‘² B{V. gdm} n {ZfËgmaê$nm`m§
gH$b^ŠVmoÕm[aH$m`m§ ^JdX²JrVm`m§ OmJéH$m`m§ lrH¥$îUñ` na~«ô‘Ëdo na‘XodËdo
na‘’$bXmV¥Ëdo@{n dm e§H¡$d ZmoXo{V VWm{h-
""‘m§ M `mo Aì`{^MmaoU ^pŠV`moJoZ godVo g JwUmZ²
g‘VrË` EVmZ² ~«ô‘^y`m` H$ënVo, ~«ô‘Umo {h à{Vð>m Ah‘²
A‘¥Vñ` Aì``ñ` M emídVñ` M Y‘©ñ` gwIñ` EoH$mpÝVH$ñ`
M'' (14&26-27).
""`mo ‘m§ ní`{V gd©Ì gdª M ‘{` ní`{V Vñ` Ah§ Z
àUí`m{‘ gM ‘o Z àUí`{V. gd©^Vy pñWV§ `mo ‘m§ ^O{V EH$Ëd‘²
AmpñWV… gd©Wm dV©‘mZmo@{n g `moJr ‘{` dV©Vo'' (6&28-
31).
""H$m‘¡… V¡ñV¡… öVkmZm… ànÚÝVo AÝ`XodVm…... `mo-`mo
`m§-`m§ VZw§ ^ŠV… lÕ`m A{M©Vw‘² BÀN>{V Vñ`-Vñ` AMbm§
lÕm§
J
VWm{h : ‘¡Ìo`r~«m÷Uo@{n ""`oZ Ah§ Z A‘¥Vm ñ`m§ {H$‘² Ah§ VoZ
Hw$`m©‘²?'' (~¥h.Cn.2&4&3) BË`m{XZm CnH«$‘o A‘¥VËdmW©‘² ""AmË‘m dm Aao
Ðï>ì`… lmoVì`mo ‘ÝVì`mo {Z{XÜ`m{gVì`…'' (~¥h.Cn.2&4&5) B{V AmË‘Xe©Z§
VËgmYZ§ M CnXoïw>§ ""Zdm Aao nË`w… H$m‘m` n{V… {à`mo ^d{V. AmË‘ZñVw
214
H$m‘m` n{V… {à`mo ^d{V'' (~¥ h .Cn.2&4&5) BË`m{XZm AmË‘{Z
{Zénm{Yàr{V{df`Ëdmä`mgoZ VV² VÌ n[aMm{`V‘². Cng§hmaoM ""EVmdX² Aao
Ibw A‘¥VËd‘²'' (~¥h.Cn.4&5&15) BË`ZoZ VX²{df`H$kmZñ`¡d A‘¥VËd‘²
CÀ`Vo. VÌ ñdàVrË`m AnË`m{Xgdm©noj`m {à`ËdqbJH$… ñdmË‘¡d ^dVr{V
CnH«$‘mong§hmamä`mg¡… BX§ dmŠ`§ Ord~moYH$‘². `V² nwZ… AÌ AmË‘kmZmXrZm§
gd©doXZê$n-’$b{gÕçW©‘² AmË‘Z… gd©ê$nËd§ lmì`Vo, `ÀM g‘wÐm{XÑï>mÝV¡…
gdm©YmaËd§, `mM lwË`ÝVao Vñ` ~«÷Vm, VV² gdª Vñ` OrdmË‘Z… CËH$fm©Wª,
OrdmÑï>ñ`m{n OJXwËnÎmm¡ ghH$m[aËdmV². AVmo OrdEd AÌ A{^Yr`Vo B{V
nyd©njo, VpÝZamgm`, ""dmŠ`mÝd`mX²'' (~«.gy.1&4&19) B{V hoVw… ì`mgnmX¡…
~«÷‘r‘m§gm`m‘² CŠV….
Vm‘od {dXYmå`h§... XodmZ² Xod`Omo `mpÝV ‘X²^ŠVm… `mpÝV
‘m‘{n. Aì`ŠV§ ì`pŠV‘² AmnÝZ§ ‘Ý`ÝVo ‘m‘²
A~wÕ`…''(7&20-24) B{V.
""gd©Jwh²`V‘§ ^y`… e¥Uw ‘o na‘§ dM…... ‘Ý‘Zm ^d
‘X² ^ ŠVmo ‘X² ` mOr ‘m§ Z‘ñHw $ é ‘m‘o d Eî`{g gË`§ Vo
à{VOmZo''(18&64-65) BË`od‘m{XdMZ¡… M.
J ~«ô‘mÊS>H$mo{Q>ê$nñ` ‘Zgm{n AmH$b{`Vw‘² AeŠ`aMZñ`
Vñ‘mXod hoVmo… gåà{V lrnwéfmoÎm‘MaUm… lrH¥$îU^ŠVo… ~«ô‘mZÝXY‘©ê$nVm§
gmY{`Vw‘² CnH«$‘ÝVo ‘¡Ìo`r~«m÷Uo@{n BË`m{XZm.
*
ZZw EH$ñ`¡d lrH¥$îUñ` doXmZm§ nydm}ÎmaH$mÊS>`mo… nwamUo{Vhmg`mo… Mm{n
à{VnmÚËdo emñÌmZ¡Š`d¡`Ï`m©n{Îm…* B{V MoX², AË`ën‘² BX‘² CÀ`Vo,
~« ô ‘¡ Š `à{VnmXZnaËdo @ {n Ed‘o d o { V. AmñVm§ VmdX² B`§ H$Wm `V²
gd©emñÌà{VnmÚmo lrH¥$îUmo ^d{V Zdm B{V. {dMm`©Vm§ M ""Ap½Z…...
dm`w…...`Wm EH$mo ^wdZ§ à{dï>mo ê$n§-ê$n§ à{Vê$nmo ~^yd. EH$… VWm
gd©^yVmÝVamË‘m ê$n§-ê$n§ à{Vê$nmo ~{h… M. EH$mo der gd©^yVmÝVamË‘m
EH§$ ê$n§ ~hþYm `mo H$amo{V V‘² AmË‘ñW§ `o AZwní`pÝV Yram… Vofm§ gwI§
emídV§ Z BVaofm‘²'' (H$R>mno .2&2&9-12) BË`od‘mÚwn{ZfX²dMZmZm‘² A{^àm`….
Vñ‘mV² g¥{ï>… Ibw `{X EH$ñ`¡d H$ñ`MZ A§JrH¥$VmZoH$ê$nVm MoV² VXm `mÝ`{n
215
emñÌm{U `V² {H$‘{n à{VnmX`ÝVw Zm‘ gd©‘od VX² EH$ñ`¡d A{ÛVr`ñ`
na‘VÎdñ` Vñ` AZoH$ê$nmUm‘od {Zê$nU‘² B{V AH$m‘oZm{n ñdrH$V©ì`‘od.
VXod Cn{Xe{V ^JdmZ² JrVmgw ^mJdVo M ""doX¡… M gd£… Ah‘od doÚ…''-
""‘m§ {dYÎmo A{^YÎmo ‘m§ {dH$ëß` Anmoh²`Vo Ah‘² EVdmZ² gd©doXmW©…
eãX… AmñWm` ‘m§ {^Xm‘², ‘m`m‘mÌ‘² AZyÚ AÝVo à{V{fÜ` àgrX{V''
(^J.JrVm.15&15-^mJ.nwam.11&21&43) B{V. Bh doXmË‘H$… eãXmo ^JdÝV‘²
ñdmZÝ`à‘o`ËdoZ AmñWm`, Adbåã`¡d B{V `mdV², bm¡{H$H$‘Ë`m H$pënV§
‘m{`H$^oXÝVw AZyÚ à{V{fÜ` M àgrX{V B{V CŠË`m àË`jm{Xbm¡{H$H¡$…
à‘mU¡ … KQ> n Q> m Xm¡ dm, emñÌmo Š VH$‘m} n mgZm{XgmYZo f w VXw n mñ`m{XXo d o f w
VËàgmXmßVbm¡{H$H$mbm¡{H$H$’$bm{Xfw dm A~«ô‘mË‘H$Vm~w{ÕOZH$mo ^oXñVw
bm¡ { H$H$‘Ë`m H$pënVmo do X o f w à{Vfo Y mW© ‘ o d AZy Ú Vo ZVw kmß`Vo ,
AZ{YJVmW©kmnH$ËdmV² à‘mUmZm‘². Vñ‘mXod VmÑe‘od ^oX§ doXmË‘H$… eãX…
à{VfoY{V. Z{h g… EH$ñ`¡d gd©^dZg‘W©ñ` gË`g§H$ënñ` na~«ô‘Umo
{ZOmË‘a‘U{dñVmamË‘H§$ ""gmo AH$m‘`X² ~hþ ñ`m§ àOm`o`'' (V¡{Îm.Cn.2&6)
B{V doXmÚbm¡{H$H$à‘mU¡H$Jå`§ ~«ô‘g§H$pënV§ ^oX§ à{VfoY{V. VX² CŠV§
^mî`H¥$X²{^…-
""AZoH$^yV^m¡{VH$Xod{V`©L>²‘Zwî`mZoH$bmoH$mX²^Vw aMZm`wŠVñ`
AZm`mgoZ CËn{ÎmpñW{V^§JH$aU§ Z bm¡{H$H$‘². àVrV§ {h {ZfoÜ`§
Z AàVrV§ Z lw{VàVrV§, gË`ËdmX`íM bm¡{H$H$m… (MoV²) VV…
gd©{ZfoYo VXkmZ‘od ^doV². ZM gË`Ëdm{XH§$ bmoHo$ ZmñË`od
ì`dhma‘mÌËdmV² H$maUJV§ gË`Ëd§ ànÄMo ^mgVo B{V dmÀ`§,V{h©
(CËn{ÎmpñW{V^§J)H$V¥©Ëd§ VWm Hw$Vmo Zm§Jr{H«$`Vo?''
(~«.gy.dm.^m.1&1&2).
AmVíM gË`kmZmZÝXËdY‘m©… ~«ô‘{^ÝZËdoZ bm¡{H$Ho$fw àVr`‘mZm…
ì`m‘mohH$‘m`m‘mo{hV~w{ÕJmoMamA{n `Xm gpÀMXmZÝX~«ô‘monmXmZHo$fw km`‘mZofw
Zm‘-ê$n-H$‘©dËgw dñVwfw ~«ô‘m§eËdoZ Ad~wÜ`ÝVo VXmVw Z ^«mpÝVê$nm…. AVEd
`¡{h© ""ApñV ^m{V {à`§ ê$n§ Zm‘ M B{V A§enÄMH$‘² AmÚÌ`§ ~«÷ê$n§
‘m{`H$ÝVw VVmo Û`‘²'' B{V CÀ`Vo, Vo@{n ZyZ‘² Añ‘mH§$ à{V~moY{`Vw‘² Bï>m…
216
`X² B`§ {h ‘m`m ^JdV… gd©^dZgm‘Ï`m©ZwJwUm Aà{VhVg§H$ënmZwHy$bàkmê$n¡d
(Ðï>.{ZK§.3&3&9) B{V. AmZÝXñ`¡d Y‘©… àrË`nan`m©`r^yV… {à`Ëdê$nmo ^d{V.
^JdÝ‘mhmËå`kmZoZ ~«ô‘mË‘aË`mdaH$mkmZñ` AnJ‘oZ àmXw^y©Vm àr{Va{n
Cnm{Ya{hVm AmZÝXm§{eÝ`od CnnÝZm Z bm¡{H$Ho$fw {df`ofw. VX² CŠV§ ""Efmo
Añ` na‘… AmZÝX…, EVñ`¡d AÝ`m{Z ^yVm{Z ‘mÌm‘² CnOrdpÝV''
(~¥h.Cn.4&3&31), """AmË‘¡d BX§ gd©‘²' B{V gdm Ef Ed§ ní`Z² Ed§
‘ÝdmZ… Ed§ {dOmZZ² AmË‘a{V… AmË‘H«$sS>… AmË‘{‘WwZ… AmË‘mZÝX…...
^d{V'' (N>mÝXmo.Cn.7&25&2) B{V. Cn~¥§{hVÄM ^JdVm ""Ah‘² AmË‘m
AmË‘Zm§ YmV… àoð>… gZ² ào`gm‘{n AVmo ‘{` aqV Hw$`m©X² Xohm{X… `ËH¥$Vo
{à`…'' (^mJ.nw a m.3&10&42) BË`Ì ~mh² ` {df`o f w AmZÝXà{V^mgmo
Xohgå~ÝYm¡nm{YH$mo, XohopÝÐ`m{Xfw ~«ô‘{MX§emË‘gå~ÝYm¡nm{YH$…, AmË‘{ZVw
ghOmo km`‘mZmo dm Akm`‘mZmo dm na‘mË‘m§eËdà`wŠVEd B{V A{^àm`ñ’$moaUmV².
Vñ‘mV² lw Ë `m{XemñÌ¡ … Om`‘mZo Z ^JdÝ‘mhmËå`kmZo Z
~mh²`mä`ÝVagd©dñVw{df`H$ñ` ~«ô‘VmXmËå`mkmZñ` AnJ‘o, `m{h {ZpIbmË‘gw
Y{‘©^yVmZÝX{Vamo^mdo@{n VÕ‘©ê$nm A§eVmo {ZË`{gÕ¡d ~«ô‘Umo {h AmË‘a{V…,
g¡d ^JdX²^pŠVV`m nwZ… Am{d^©dÝVr gVr {Zénm{YH$m AJ{UVmZÝXY‘©ê$nm
^d{V B{V {gÕ‘². Z¡d§ ~«ô‘mZYrZV`m àVrVm… kmV¥ËdH$V¥©Ëd^moŠV¥ËdmX`mo
OrdY‘m©… {MX§eñ` OrdmË‘Zmo XohopÝÐ`àmUmÝV…H$aUm{Xfw AÜ`mg§ {dZm
CnnÚÝVB{V ‘hmZod CËH$fm} ^ŠVo… AdJÝVì`….
*
ZZw Ordm§emZm§ gpÀMXmZÝX¡H$ag~«ô‘m§eËdoZ VX{YH$aUH$^JdX²^-
pŠV^mdñ` A§{e^yV~«ô‘mZÝXY‘©Vm MoV², VXm g‘mZ`moJjo‘ËdmX², OrdmZm§
g§g¥{VhoV^yVmZm§ kmV¥ËdH$V¥©Ëd^moŠV¥Ëdm{XY‘m©Um‘{n Hw$Vmo Z AmZÝXY‘©Vm?
ZM Bï>mn{Îm…, g§g¥Voa{n AmZÝXY‘©Ëdo ^ŠË`mXrZm‘² AmË‘moÕmagmYZmZm§
AOmJbñVZàm`Vm dO«bonm{`Vm ñ`mX²* B{V MoV² Z, {gÕmÝVà{H«$`mZd~moYmV².
EVX²{ddoMZnam g¡ÕmpÝVH$s à{H«$`m AmMm`©MaU¡… gw~mo{YÝ`m§ à{Vnm{XVm VWm{h-
""VÌ gXmZÝXmo ^JdmZ² EH$H$mo{Q>{Z{dï>… (nwéfmoÎm‘ê$n…)
{MÐÿn… (H$mbH$‘©ñd^mdàH¥${Vnwéfê$ng‘{ï>ê$nmjamÝVJ©V…
nwéf…) M Ana…. Vñ` ‘m`m {Û{dYm (gd©^dZgm‘Ï`©ê$nm
217
ì`m‘mo{hH$m A{dÚmê$nm M ). VÌ {MÐÿnñ`, ‘m`m ì`m‘mo{hH$m
(ZVw gXmZÝXñ` ì`m‘mo { hH$m B{V AW© … ). gm ñdnw é f§
ì`m‘moh{`Ëdm OrdVm‘² AmnmX`{V... ~moYê$nmo@{n A`§
AmZÝXê$nñ` n¥ W ½^y V ËdmX² AmZÝXmWª V`m ì`m‘mo { hV…
VËgå~ÝYmX² AmZÝXmo ^{dî`{V B{V ~wÕçm V`m gå~Ü`Vo...
VÌ gX§eñ` epŠV… {H«$`mê$nm. {MX§eñ` ì`m‘mo{hH$m ‘m`m.
AmZÝXñ` OJËH$maU^y V m. EVpËÌV`ê$nm epŠV…
gpÀMXmZÝXê$nñ` ^mdËdVbm{XdmÀ`m... VÌ gÐÿnñ` H$m`}
àË`oH$n`©dgm{`Ëd‘²... VÌ AmZÝX… CËH¥$ï>…. VXm BVam¡ V§
god‘mZm¡ OmVm¡. VVíM V`mo… Y‘m£ kmZ{H«$`o ^JdÀN>pŠVê$no
OmVo. VXm M AmZÝXmo kmZ{H«$`mepŠV‘mZ² OmV…. VXm {MX§eñ`
epŠV… AmZÝXo JVËdmV² kmZY‘©ñ` V§ ì`m‘moh`{V VXm Vñ`
OrdËd‘² . gX§ e ñVw {H« $ `meŠVo … JVËdmX²
Aì`ŠVVm(Jw U Ì`gmå`mdñWm)‘² AmnÚVo . níMmX²
‘yb^yV{H«$`m§em{^… epŠV{^… `Wm`W‘² A{^ì`Á`Vo. níMmV²
Vñ`m§ VËH¥$Vo Y‘} dm {Vamo^yVo ñd`‘{n {Vamo^d{V... Ed§
{MÐÿnmo@{n kmZeŠË`§e^yV¡… kmZ¡… A{^ì`Á`Vo {Vamo^d{V M.
à`ËZñVw Vñ` AnamYrZB{V... g MoX² ^JdmZ² Vñ‘¡ Vm§ nyUmª
kmZepŠV§ à`ÀN>oV² VXm Vm§ ‘mo{hH$m§ Ë`O{V. à`ËZ§ M Ë`O{V.
ñdê$no {MÐÿno M Ad{Vð>Vo. AnamYrZ… M ^d{V OJËH$V¥©ËdÝVw
Z ^d{V, Vñ` gm ‘m`m epŠV… Z ^d{V. CËH$fm}@{n Z ^d{V
AmZÝXñ`¡d CËH¥$ï>ËdmV²... B`§ à{H«$`m gd©lw{VdmŠ`mZwamoYoZ
lwVmWm©n{Îm{gÕm gd©Ì¡d Cn`wÁ`Vo. AÝ`Wmà{H«$`mVw dmŠ`m{Z
~mYVo''.
(gw~mo.2&9&1)B{V.
{H$ÄM àmH¥$VJwUmVrVñ` gdm}nmXmZ^yVñ` ~«ô‘Umo {h JwUÌ`m{d^m©dà{H«$`m{n
AmMm`£… CnX{e©Vm ""`Wm D$U©Zm{^…... VWm ^JdmZ{n {Ì{dYg¥ï²>çWª
ÌrZ² JwUmZ² CX²d‘Vo... gÐÿnoU {ZJ©V§ "gÎd‘²' B{V CÀ`Vo. Ho$db{MÐÿnoU
{ZJ©V§ {H«$`mepŠVàYmZê$nËdmV²... "aO…' B{V CÀ`Vo. AmZÝXm§emV² M
V‘…. Vo{h ^JdÐÿnmEd ^JdVm g¥ï>m…. ZM ^Jd{V Vo nydª (àH$Q>V`m)
218
pñWVm…. VWm g{V ^JdXmË‘H$m… Z ^do`w…'' (gw~mo.2&5&19) B{V
à{H«$`monXoemä`m§ {Vg¥fw H$‘©kmZ^pŠVfw H$‘©kmZeŠVr ^JdpÝZð>o@{n Ordofw
ì`m‘mohH$‘m`mH$m`m©Ü`mgnÄMHo$Z¡d g§H$« mÝVo gË`m¡ A{^ì`Á`oV.o ^pŠVñVw ~«ô‘U…
AmË‘a{Vê$nËdoZ VpÀMX§eofw ñdma{gH$V`m OrdmÝV{Z©JyT>m ~«ô‘nmamoú`o
{df`mgpŠVO{ZH$m{n Ordm` ^pŠVàXmZmWª ^JdËH¥$VoZ daUoZ VXdmÝVaì`mnmaê$n¡…
^JdÝ‘mhmËå`kmZ-àn{Îm-^pŠV‘mJ©-àdoeàXmonm`¡… OrdmË‘{Z nyd©{gÕ¡d
{ZOmË‘mË‘ê$n§ VÕ‘©^Vy mZÝX§ {Zamd¥V§ H$amoVr{V ì`m‘mo{hH$m`m… VÌ Z {Z{‘Îmr^md….
VX² CŠV§ ""`‘od Ef d¥UwVo VoZ bä`… Vñ` Ef AmË‘m {dd¥UwVo VZw§ ñdm‘²''
(H$R>mon.2&23). VXoVX² AmMm`©MaU¡… gw~mo{YÝ`m§ {ZîH¥$î` Cnnm{XV§-
""AV… ñZoh… nXmWm©ÝVa§, g ^JdpÝZð>Ed ^JdX²{df`H$mo
kmZdX² Eoíd`©dX² dm ^JdËgå~ÝYmV² VÝZ¡H$Q²>çmX² AÝ`Ìm{n
^mgVo. CîUñne©dX² `Wm-`Wm ^JdÝZ¡H$Q²>ç§ VWm-VWm
ñZo h m{Ve`…. emarao @ {n AmË‘{Z Vo Z gh Z¡ H $Q² > çmV²
na‘ñZohdÎd‘². Ed‘² AÜ`mgoZ AÝ`Ì.''
""àr{VñVw ^JdX²Y‘m} ^JdmZ² gd}ä`mo Ordoä`mo XÎmdmZ²
VÌ A`‘² AWm} : AÌ CnH«$‘o A‘¥VËdm` AmË‘Xe©Z§ VËgmYZm{Z M
Cn{Xí`ÝVo. A‘¥VËdÄM ~«÷kmZmXod B{V {ZUuV§ ""V‘od {d{XËdm A{V‘¥Ë`w‘²
E{V Z AÝ`… nÝWm {dÚVo A`Zm`'' (ídoVm.Cn.3&8) B{V gmdYmaU`m
AÝ`‘mJ©{Zfo{YH$`m lwË`m. VoZ Bhm{n V‘od AmË‘ËdoZ nam‘¥í` Xe©Zm{XdmŠ`mZm‘²
AÝd`mo dŠVì`…. AÝ`Wm VX²{damoYmnÎmo…. EdÄM Cng§hmadmŠ`‘{n `wÁ`Vo,
CnH«$‘… M AgÄOmV{damo{YËdmV² à~b…. {H$ÄM Ed§ kmZ’$bm{XdmŠ`mÝ`{n
AÝdo î `pÝV, Vñ`¡ d gd© Ë dmV² gdm© Y maËdmV² M. AÝ`WmVw
{Zîà`moOZH$mgXwËH$f©~moYZmV² Z AÝdr`w…#Bnm.^o.1#A à‘mU^md§ M Oh²`w….
ZM {à`ËddmŠ`mZm‘² AZÝd`… e§Š`…, AmZÝXo AmZÝXOZH$Ed M {à`ËdàVrVo….
VXW©‘² AmZÝXñdê$no AmZÝXOZHo$ M {dMm`©‘mUo ""AmZÝXmo ~«ô‘ B{V
ì`OmZmX². AmZÝXmÕçod Ibw B‘m{Z ^yVm{Z Om`ÝVo'' (V¡{Îm.Cn.3&6)
""`mod¡ ^y‘m VV² gwI§ Z Aëno gwI‘² ApñV'' (N>mÝXmo.Cn.7&23&1)
BË`m{Xlw{V… ~«÷U… AmZÝXê$nËdo, "^yV'eãXdmÀ`mZm§ gearaOrdmZm§ VËH$m`©Ëdo,
""gd©Ed AmË‘mZmo ì`wÀMapÝV'' (~¥h.Cn.2&1&20) B{V lwË`m Ho$dbmZm‘²
A§eËdoM {gÕo; `X² Ordñ` na‘{à`Ëd§ VX² ~«÷JV‘od, ~«÷Umo A{df`Ëdo
219
VX§eËdmV² gå~ÝYZ¡H$Q²>çmV² M Ordo ^mgVo, Ordñ` {df`ËdmV². VWm ""Ef
h²`od AmZÝX`m{V'' (V¡ { Îm.Cn.2&7) B{V gmdYmaUlw Ë `m ~« ÷ UEd
AmZÝXOZH$ËdmX²#Bnm.^o.2#A ""EVñ`¡d AmZÝXñ` AÝ`m{Z ^yVm{Z ‘mÌm‘²
CnOrdpÝV'' (~¥h.Cn.4&3&32) B{V lwË`m AmÝ`{ÌH$mZÝXñ`m{n VX§eËdmV²
VÁO{ZVmZÝXñ`m{n ~«ô‘O{ZVËdmX²
gwImW©‘² AVmo `Ì¡d àr`Vo VËgwI§ ^d{V. VV… ñdgwI‘od
ñdñ` ^d{V B{V CŠV§ ^d{V''.
""{MÎmo ^JdËào‘ gånmXZr`‘². VV… ào‘g§d{bV§ {MÎm§
gd©Ì {dÚ‘mZ§ ^JdÝV§ {df`rH$[aî`{V''.
(gw~mo.1&19&16-2&2&7-2&6&36).
VXoVX² CnnmX`pÝV VÌ A`‘² AW©… BË`m{XZm {Zén{Y{à`Ëdñ`
AmZÝXY‘©Ëd§ VÌ {gÕ‘² BË`ÝVoZ J«ÝW^mJoZ.
~«÷¡d AmZÝXOZH${‘{V. `mo AÝ`Ì {à`ËdmÜ`mg… gmo@{n VËgå~ÝYmXodo{V
{à`ËddmŠ`mZm‘{n VÌ¡d AÝd`…. EdÄM Aä`mgmo@{n Vñ`¡d AZwJUw B{V gmjmV²
naåna`m M gd}fm§ dmŠ`mZm§ VÌ¡d AÝd`mX² BX§ ~«÷dmŠ`‘² B{V {gÕmpÝVV§
ì`mgMaU¡…. VoZ {Zén{Y{à`Ëdñ` AmZÝXY‘©Ëd§ VÌ {gÕ‘².
*
ZZw bm¡{H$H${df`ofw AmgŠVm¡ A§í`mZÝXY‘©^yVm ~«mô‘r AmË‘a{V… Z
Am{d^©d{V, ^Jd{VVw VÝ‘mhmËå`kmZny{d©H$m`m‘² AmgŠVm¡ gm Am{d^©d{V
B{V CŠV‘². VËg‘mZÝ`m`oZ bm¡{H$H$’$bH$m‘Z`m H¥$Vñ` lm¡Vm{XH$‘©Umo@{n
’$bo ‘m ^yX² A§í`mZÝXm{^ì`pŠV… naÝVw ^JdXmamYZê$noU H¥$VoZ H$‘©Um `V²
’$b§ OÝ`Vo VoZVw ~«ô‘mZÝXV`¡d ^{dVì`‘². VW¡d OS>Ordm{X{df`H$kmZo ‘m
^yV² àH$Q>m A§í`mZÝXY‘©^yVm ~«mô‘r AmË‘a{V… naÝVw ~«÷{df`H$kmZoZVw
VWm{dYmË‘a{Vê$nm`m… ^ŠVo… Am{d^m©dmo Adí`§ ñdrH$V©ì`…. g{V M¡d§
H$‘©kmZ^pŠV‘mJm©Um‘² EoŠ`mnÎ`m ^ŠVo… A{ZVagmYmaUmoËH$fm} AÝ`Wm{gÕmo
^doX²* B{V MoV² Z, lwË`m{XemñÌ¡H$Jå`ñ` gpÀMXmZÝX¡H$agñ` Xoe-H$mb-
ñdê$nVmo@n[apÀN>ÝZñ` ñdê$nV… gOmVr`-{dOmVr`-ñdJV^oXd{O©Vñ`¡d
220
~«ô‘U… ""g AmË‘mZ§ ÛoYm AnmV`X²'' (~¥h.Cn.1&4&3) B{V lw{V{Zê${nVm
ÛoYm^dZmonb{jVm AZoH$ê$nVm VXZw{dYm{`Zr M AZoH$ag^mdO{ZH$m {h VmdX²
B`§ g¥{ï>brbm.
Vñ`m‘oVñ`m§ g¥{ï>brbm`m§ {h ""Z¥Ë`Vmo Jm`V… ní`Z² `W¡d AZwH$amo{V
VmZ², Ed§ ~w{ÕJwUmZ² ní`Z² AZrhmo@{n AZwH$m`©Vo... `Wm ‘ZmoaW{Y`mo
{df`mZw^dmo ‘¥fm ñdßZÑï>m… M... VWm g§gma… AmË‘Z…. AW} {h
A{dÚ‘mZo@{n g§g¥{V… Z {ZdV©Vo Ü`m`Vmo {df`mZ² Añ` ñdßZo AZWm©J‘mo
`Wm'' (^mJ.nw a m.11&22&52-55) BË`Ì {Zê${nVmo AhÝVm-
‘‘VmË‘H$g§gmaê$nmo {d{dYàH$maH$mo ~ÝY…. Vñ‘mXoñ‘mV² gm§gm[aH$Ðï¥>^m« pÝVJmoMamX²
bmoH$mX² CÕmamWª ""Ì`mo dmd bmoH$m… : ‘Zwî`bmoH$… {nV¥bmoH$… XodbmoH$….
‘Zwî`bmoH$… nwÌoU¡d Oæ`mo... H$‘©Um {nV¥bmoH$…, {dÚ`m XodbmoH$….
XodbmoH$mo d¡ bmoH$mZm§ loð>…. Vñ‘mX² {dÚm§ àe§gpÝV'' (~¥h.Cn.1&5&16)
B{V H$m‘H«$moYbmo^m{XXwJw©UàdY©H$m{Z Ag§ñH¥$VmhÝVm‘‘VmOÝ`m{Z `m{Z H$‘m©{U
Vofm§ {demoYZnam{U g§ñH$maH$maH$m{U M emñÌofw {d{dYm{Z H$‘m©{U {d{hVm{Z.
Vm{Z AZw{ð>Vm{Z nwÌ{nV¥bmoH$`mo… OrdmË‘Zm‘² A{Zï>{ZdmaH$m{U ^dpÝV. VÌ
VmÑŠnwÌH$‘m©noj`m{n àeñVVam`m… {dÚm`m… nwZ… Xod{dÚm B{V ~«ô‘{dÚm B{V
M Ûm¡ ^oXm¡. EV`moa{n ~«ô‘{dÚm`mEd Xod{dÚmVmo@{n l¡ð>² ç§ ""AÝYV‘… à{depÝV
`o A{dÚm‘² CnmgVo, VVmo ^y`Bd Vo V‘mo ` C {dÚm`m§ aVm…. AÝ`Xod
Amhþ… {dÚ`m AÝ`X² Amhþ… A{dÚ`m... {dÚm§ M A{dÚm§ M `… VX² doX
C^`§ gh, A{dÚ`m ‘¥Ë`w§ VrËdm© {dÚ`m A‘¥V‘² AíZwVo'' (Ho$Zmon.9-
11) B{V dMZlwVñ` {dÚm{dÚmg‘wÀM`ñ` ‘ybê$n§ H$maU§ M ~«ô‘¡d.
`ñ‘mX² ""~hþ ñ`m§ àOm`o` B{V... BX§ gd©‘² Ag¥OV... {dkmZ§ M A{dkmZ§
M gË`§ M AZ¥V§ M gË`‘² A^dX²''-""ghò{eag§ Xod§... {dÚ`m
A{dÚ`m... {Zfo{dV‘²'' (V¡{Îm.Cn.2&6-^mJ.nwam.10&36&55) B{V dMZmä`m§
~«ô‘U… gdm}nmXmZVm`m… gd©ê$nVm`m… Xodm{YXodVm`m… M lmdUmV². VW¡d
Xo d bmo H $mX² ~« ô ‘bmo H $mZm§ à^o X mo ~« ô ‘bmo H $-VX{Yð> m Ìmo … M l¡ ð ² > ç ‘{n
""XodbmoH$mX²... ~«ô‘bmoH$mZ² J‘`{V. Vo Vofw ~«ô‘bmoHo$fw... dgpÝV Vofm§
Z nwZamd¥{Îm…'' (~¥h.Cn.6&2&15), ""Ed‘od Ef gåàgmXmo Añ‘mV² earamV²
g‘wËWm` na§ Á`mo{V… CngånÚ ñdoZ ê$noU A{^{ZînÚVo... ~«ô‘-bmoHo$
221
V§ dm EV§ Xodm… AmË‘mZ‘² CnmgVo. Vñ‘mV² Vofm§ gd} bmoH$m… AmÎmm… gd} M
H$m‘m…, g gdm©Z² bmoH$mZ² AmßZmo{V gdm©Z² M H$m‘mZ², `… V‘² AmË‘mZ‘²
AZw{dÚ {dOmZm{V'' (N>mÝXmo.Cn.8&12&3-6) BË`od‘m{XdMZofw ly`Vo. VX²dXod
VÎmXmË‘moÕmam{YH$mamZwHy$bgmYZê$nm… ‘mJ©^oXmA{n ^mJdVo ""`moJm… Ì`mo ‘`m
àmoŠVm… Z¥Um§ lo`mo {d{dËg`m kmZ§ H$‘© M ^pŠV… M Zmonm`mo AÝ`mo ApñV
Hw $ Ì{MV² . {Z{d© Ê UmZm§ kmZ`mo J mo Ý`m{gZm‘² . Bh H$‘© g w Vo f w
A{Z{d©ÊU{MÎmmZm§ H$‘©`moJñVw H$m{‘Zm‘². `ÑÀN>`m ‘ËH$WmXm¡ OmVlÕñVw
`… nw‘mZ² Z {Z{d©ÊUmo Zm{VgŠVmo ^pŠV`moJmo Añ` {g{ÕX…. Vñ‘mX²
‘X²^pŠV`wŠVñ` `mo{JZmo d¡ ‘XmË‘Zmo Z kmZ§ ZM d¡am½`§ àm`… lo`mo ^doX²
Bh. `V² H$‘©{^… `V² Vngm kmZd¡am½`V… M `V², gdª ‘X²^pŠV`moJoZ
‘X²^ŠVmo b^Vo AÄOgm ñdJm©ndJ©‘X²Ym‘ H$WpÄMX² `{X dmÄN>{V. Z
...^ŠVm… {h EH$mpÝVZmo ‘‘ dmÄN>ÝË`{n ‘`m XÎm§ H¡$dë`‘² AnwZ^©d‘²''
(^mJ.nwam.11&20&6-8, 31-34) B{V EVofm§ dMZmZm§ VmËn`©n`m©bmoMZoZ
gd}fm§ ‘mJm©Um‘² EoŠ`ÝVw AZdganamhV‘od.
VWm{n qH$-qH$ ’$b§ H$Wå^yV§ dm Ho$Z-Ho$Z ‘mJ}U bä`Vo VÎmw {d{dÀ`
doXZr`‘od.
`Ú{n gd©ñ`¡Vñ` {d{dYXodmamYZ-VÁOÝ`’$b^oXñ` Zm‘ê$nH$‘m©Ë‘H$Û¡Vñ`
~«ô‘ËdoZ EH$Vm ""`mo AV… EH¡$H$‘² CnmñVo Z g doX. AH¥$ËñZmo {h Efmo AV…
EH¡$Ho$Z ^d{V. "AmË‘m' BË`od CnmgrV. AÌ {h EVo gd} EH§$ ^dpÝV''-
""`Û¡ {H$ÄMZ AZyŠV§ Vñ` gd©ñ` "~«ô‘' B{V EH$Vm'' (~¥h.Cn.1&4&7-
1&23&17) B{V ~¥hXmaÊ`Ho$ ly`Vo; VWm{n go`‘² EH$Vm AZoH$mË`ÝVm^mdê$nm
B{V dŠVw § Z `w Š Vm, `ñ‘mX² ""EVo gd} EH§ $ ^dpÝV'' B{V lw V m¡
~hþËdm{damoÜ`oH$Ëdo ^amo {Z{d©{M{H$Ëg… Cnbä`Vo. Vpñ‘ÝZoVpñ‘Z²
na~«ô‘{U gd©‘mJ©Jå`Vm gd©’$bê$nVm M ""Ah§ {h gd©`kmZm§ ^moŠVm
M à^waod M'', ""Vñ`-Vñ` AMbm§ lÕm§ Vm‘od {dXYmå`h§... b^Vo M
VV… H$m‘mZ² ‘`¡d {d{hVmZ² VmZ²'', ""`oVw Aja‘² A{ZX}í`‘² Aì`ŠV§
n`w©nmgVo... Vo àmßZwdpÝV ‘m‘od... Šboemo A{YH$Va… Vofm‘²'', ""‘{`
Amdoí` ‘Zmo `o ‘m§ {ZË``wŠVm… CnmgVo... Vo ‘o `wŠVV‘m… ‘Vm…... ‘æ`od
222
‘Z… AmYËñd ‘{` ~wqÕ {Zdoe` {Zd{gî`{g ‘æ`od AV… D$Üdª Z g§e`…''
(^J.JrVm.9&24, 7&21-22, 12&3-5, 9&2-8) BË`m{XdMZH$Xå~¡… {gÜ`{V.
H$‘m} n mgZkmZ^ŠË`m{X{^… gd£ … emñÌr`mo n m`¡ … AZÝ`bä`o ’$bê$no
EH$pñ‘ÝZ{ÛVr`o na~«ô‘{U EVm{Z ’$bm{Z EH$ê$nmÊ`od ^dÝVr{V ""Zoh ZmZmpñV
{H$ÄMZ'' (~¥h.Cn.4&4&19) B{V doXmÝVdMZ{deofê$nHy$nXXw©amo{XVoZ VX²
AJmY‘² AZÝVnma§ ~«ô‘ gmH$ë`oZ AdJmh{`Vw§ dm à{VnmX{`Vw§ dm Zmb‘²
VXoVX² ""EH$… gZ² ~hþYm {dMma…''(V¡{Îm.Ama.3&11&1), ""AOm`‘mZmo
~hþYm {dOm`Vo'' (V¡{Îm.Ama.3&13&3), ""VX² EojV ~hþ ñ`m§ àOm`o`''
(N>mÝXmo.Cn.6&2&3) BË`od‘mÚZoH$dMZ¡… {ZíMàM‘².
Vñ‘mXod AmMm`©MaU¡… {Z~ÝYo ‘mojd¡{dÜ`mon`mo{J ^JdV… ’$bê$nd¡{dÜ`§
à{Vnm{XV‘². VWm{h-
""VÌ gmYZVm gd©Wm ^JdËgå~ÝYoZ¡d AdpÀN>ÚVo ZVw
km{ZËdoZ ^ŠVËdoZ dm, "‘m‘od `o ànÚÝVo' B{V dmŠ`mV²''
(V.Xr.{Z.2&55).
""à‘o`§ {Û{dY§ à‘mUmZwamo{Y ñdVÝ̧ M... gd©Ì ^JdVEd
{Ûê$nËd‘² B{V dŠVw‘² Amh "VËgmYZ§ M g h[a…' B{V.
gmÜ`ê$nEd g h[a… gmYZê$nmo@{n... gmYZÛ¡ê$ß`§ {Zê$n`{V
: ...`V² {H$pÄMV² VV² ’$bmonH$m[a ñdê$nmonH$m[a dm Z AVmo
AÝ`X² ApñV B{V AW©…... Ed‘² CÔoeVmo ê$nÛ`§ {Zê$ß` ’$b§
{Zê$n`{V "km{ZZ…' B{V. ^JdXmZÝXê$n§ ’$b§ ~«ô‘kmZ`wŠVñ`
`Wmo Š VH$‘© H $Vw © a o d ... ‘`m© X m`m§ H« $ ‘‘mo j Ed ’$b‘² .
gÚmo‘wpŠVñVw A{VH¥$n`m. ~«ô‘kmZm^mdoVw ñdJ©gwI§ ^d{V...
gM ñdJm} {Û{dY…... gÎdmH$mamÝV…H$aUo gd}hm{Zd¥Îmm¡ `X²
AmË‘gwI§ àH$Q>r^d{V VX² Ap½ZhmoÌm{XgmÜ`‘². gd©XodmZm‘²
A{YH¥$VmZm§ Vwï>m¡ AmÜ`mpË‘H$Ëdo `mJñ` OmVo AmË‘mZÝX… àH$Q>mo
^d{V. EVX^mdo V w ^m¡ { VH$Ëdo ñdJm© { Xbmo H $mo ^d{V''
(V.Xr.{Z.à.2&2-5).
223
""Vn…ñdmÜ`m`{ZaVmo h²`p½ZhmoÌm{XnÄMH§$... gdª OmZZ²
h[a¨ `WmH«$‘oU ‘wpŠV‘² AmßZmo{V, ~«ô‘bmoH§$ na§ JV…. EVñ`
VmaVå`oZ ‘mZwfmZÝXVmo {ÛOmo AjamZÝXn`©ÝV‘² AmZÝX§ {dÝXVo
H«$‘mX². CnmÝË`mZÝXn`©ÝV§ nwZO©Ý‘ ^doX² Y«wd§ VÎmÐÿnoU bmoHo$fw
^moJmZ² ^wŠËdm VWm{dYmZ²'' (V.Xr.{Z.2&187-190).
""gmYZ§ ^pŠV… ‘moj… gmÜ`… VWm{n gmYZXe¡d CÎm‘m.
VÌ hoVw… : `mo{h ‘wÀ`Vo g g§KmV§ n[aË`Á` ~«ô‘{U br`Vo
~«ô‘^md§ dm àmßZmo{V. Vñ` ñdê$nmZÝX… ñdê$noU dm
AmZÝXmZw^d…. ñdVÝÌ^ŠVmZmÝVw Jmo{nH$m{XVwë`mZm§
gd£pÝÐ`¡… VWm AÝV…H$aU¡… ñdê$noU M AmZÝXmZw^d…. AVmo
^ŠVmZm§ OrdÝ‘w Š Ë`no j `m ^JdËH¥ $ nmg{hVJ¥ h ml‘Ed
{d{eî`Vo'' (V.Xr.{Z.à.1&50-51).
EV¡ … AÝ`¡ í M AmMm`© d MZ¡ … {ZîH$m‘H$‘© - go í dagm§ » `ê$nkmZ-
VnmoÜ`mZ`moJm{X{^… Om`‘mZ‘² AmË‘gwI§ {Vamo{hV~«ô‘mZÝXm§eê$no {MX§eo IÊS>e…
ñWm{nVm`m… {ZOmË‘aVo… jwÐIÊS>ñ` dm ‘mÌm`mEd dm A{^ì`pŠVê$n‘².
~«ô‘kmZoZVw {ZpIbZm‘ê$nH$‘m}nmXmZ^yVñ` gdm©ÝV…pñWVñ` ~«ô‘U… ñdê$nmZÝX…
‘wŠVmË‘Zm {ZOmË‘JV`m AZw^y`Vo. ^JdX²^ŠË`mVw Y{‘©^yV^JdËñdê$nmZÝXñ`
^OZH$V©[a ^ŠVo AÝV…àmH$Q²>çoZ VXÝV{Z©JyT>m `m AmË‘a{V… gm ^JdÐË`m
Û¡JwÊ`‘² AmnÚVo. Vñ‘mX² ‘wpŠVa{n EH$m {d{eï>m brb¡do{V Z VÌ EoŠ`mn{Îm…
{Z`Vm. AVEd gJm©{XXe{dYbrbmgw ^mJdVr`o EH$mXeñH$ÝYo ^JdV…
CnmÝË`m`m… ‘wpŠVê$nm`m… ^Jdëbrbm`m… à^oXm… gmbmoŠ`-gm{ï©>-gm‘rß`-
gmê$ß`-gm`wÁ`¡H$Ëdê$nm… à{Vnm{XVm…. ApÝV‘o ÛmXeñH$ÝYo Aml`brbm {h
~«ô‘ñdê$no àË`mn{ÎmV`m M {Zê${nVm. g{V M¡d§ ~«ô‘¡Š`o@{n H$‘m}nmgZkmZ^ŠVrZm§
VË’$bmZm§ dm g§H$sU©Vm Z¡d gå^d{V.
`Ú{n àm`e… H$‘©Umo ^pŠVkmZmä`m§ gh, kmZñ` M ^pŠVH$‘©ä`m§ gh;
VW¡d ^ŠVo… kmZH$‘©ä`m§ gh g‘wÀM`§ g‘wn{XeVm{n ^JdVm ZyZ§ ñd‘wIma{dÝXoZd¡
H$‘©kmZ^pŠVbä`mZm§ ’$bmZm§ {‘W… nmW©Š`§ JrV‘². VWm{h-
224

{ZîH$m‘H$‘©bä`’$b{df`o :
""`ñVw AmË‘a{Vaod ñ`mX² AmË‘V¥ßV… M ‘mZd… AmË‘Ý`od M
gÝVwï>… Vñ` H$m`ª Z {dÚVo. Z¡d Vñ` H¥$VoZ AWm} ZmH¥$VoZ Bh
H$íMZ... Vñ‘mX² AgŠV… gVV§ H$m`ª H$‘© g‘mMa. AgŠVmo {h
AmMaZ² H$‘© na‘² AmßZmo{V nyéf…... àH¥$Vo…
{H«$`‘mUm{Z JwU¡… H$‘m©{U gd©emo Ah§H$ma{d‘yT>mË‘m "H$Vm©
Ah‘²' B{V ‘Ý`Vo. VÎd{dÎmw... JwUH$‘©{d^mJ`mo… JwUm… JwUfo w dV©ÝVo
B{V ‘Ëdm Z gÁOVo... ‘{` gdm©{U H$‘m©{U g§Ý`ñ` AÜ`mË‘MoVgm
{Zamer… {Z‘©‘mo ^yËdm `wÜ`ñd {dJVÁda…'' (^J.JrVm.3&17-
30) B{V.
AÝ`XodmonmgZmbä`’$b{df`o :
""`o@{n AÝ`XodVm^ŠVm… `OÝVo lÕ`mpÝdVm… Vo@{n ‘m‘od...
`OpÝV A{d{Ynyd©H$‘²... `mpÝV Xodd«Vm XodmZ², {nV¦Z² `mpÝV
{nV¥d«Vm…, ^yVm{Z `mpÝV ^yVoÁ`m…, `mpÝV ‘X²`m{OZmo@{n ‘m‘²''
(^J.JrVm.9&23-25) B{V.
kmZbä`’$b{df`o :
""AgŠV~w{Õ… gd©Ì {OVmË‘m {dJVñn¥h… Z¡îH$å`©{gqÕ na‘m§
g§Ý`mgoZ A{YJÀN>{V. {gqÕ àmßVmo `Wm ~«ô‘ VWm AmßZmo{V...
{Zð>m kmZñ` `m nam... ~«ô‘^yV… àgÝZmË‘m Z emoM{V Z H$m§j{V.
g‘… gd}fw ^yVofw ‘X²^pŠV§ b^Vo nam§ ^ŠË`m ‘m‘² A{^OmZm{V
`mdmZ² `… M Apñ‘ VÎdV…. VVmo ‘m§ VÎdVmo kmËdm {deVo
VXZÝVa‘²'' (^J.JrVm.18&49-55) B{V.
^pŠVbä`’$b{df`o :
""`mo ‘m§ ní`{V gd©Ì gdª M ‘{` ní`{V Vñ` Ah§ Z
àUí`m{‘ g M ‘o Z àUí`{V. gd©^yVpñWV§ `mo ‘m§ ^O{V EH$Ëd‘²
AmpñWV… gd©Wm dV©‘mZmo@{n g `moJr ‘{` dV©Vo''-""g‘mo Ah§
gd©^yVofw Z ‘o Ûoî`mo ApñV Z {à`…. `o ^OpÝV Vw ‘m§ ^ŠË`m ‘{` Vo
225
Vofw Mm{n Ah‘²''-""`oVw gdm©{U H$‘m©{U ‘{` g§Ý`ñ` ‘Ënam…
AZÝ`o Z ¡ d `mo J o Z ‘m§ Ü`m`ÝV… CnmgVo Vo f m‘² Ah§ g‘w Õ Vm©
‘¥Ë`wg§gmagmJamX² ^dm{‘ Z {MamV² ‘{` Amdo{eVMoVgm‘². ‘æ`od
‘Z… AmYËñd ‘{` ~wqÕ {Zdoe` {Zd{gî`{g ‘æ`od AV… D$Üdª Z
g§e`…''
(^J.JrVm.6&30-31, 9&29, 12&6-8) B{V.
Vñ‘mX² ""Ako kmZm`, emñÌko Xå^Xn©{Zd¥Îm`o, gd©ko ‘wŠV`o, ‘wŠVo ^ŠË`Wª
^pŠV[aî`Vo'' B{V Ý`m`oZ gd©Ì ^ŠË`nojm`m‘{n Z gd©Ì ^ŠVo… ñdê$n¡Š`oZ
g‘mZ’$bXmV¥Ëd§ VÌ gd}fm‘{n gmYZmZm§ g‘mZ’$bàXËd§ H$W§H$ma§ `wÁ`oV ZM
*
Ed§ kmZmdmßV`o Xå^m{X{Zd¥Îm`o ‘mojmdmßV`o M Ano{jVËdo g{V {Zén{Y^ŠVo…
ñdê$nhm{Z…* B{V eL²>Š`m, ""^OZr`‘mhmËå`kmZnydH© $Ëdo g{V Xå^m{XXmofa{hVËdo
g{V gwÑT>gd©Vmo{YH$ñZohËd''ñ`¡d ^pŠVñdê$nbjUKQ>H$V`m V{XVamZwëboIoZ
M ñdê$nmon{Îmaod B`‘². ZM AV… H$‘m}nmgZkmZ^pŠVfw g‘mZê$n¡d ~«mô‘r
AmË‘a{V… A{^ì`Á`Vo, V¡{Îmar`mon{Zf{X ""ag§ h²`od A`§ bãÜdm AmZÝXr
^d{V. H$mo h²`od AÝ`mV² H$… àmÊ`mV² `X² Ef AmH$meo AmZÝXmo Z ñ`mV².
Ef h²`od AmZÝX`m{V'' (V¡ { Îm.Cn.2&7) B{V gmdYmaU§ ~« ô ‘UEd
AmZÝXOZH$Ëd§ M VËg¥ï>ofw Z¡Ho$fw ê$nofw M AmZÝXVmaVå`ñ`m{n Aï>‘o AZwdmHo$
{Zê$nUmV². EVoZ H$‘©`moJoZ ‘wŠVmZm§ ~«ô‘{MX§e{Zð>m§{eH$mË‘aË`Zw^d…
AmË‘gwImnan`m©`mo ^d{V. AÝ`mÝ`XodmonmgZ`m ‘wŠVmZm§ VÎmÔodbmoH$m{Xfw
gm`wÁ`m{Xgm¡»`§ VÎmÔod{Zð>mZÝXVmaVå`oZ AZw^yV§ ^d{V. kmZ`moJoZ ‘wŠVmZmÝVw
~«ô‘mZÝXo ñdê$noU EH$s^mdê$nmo b`Ed. ^pŠV`moJoZ nwZ… ^JdÝV§ ^OVm§ b`mo
Z {Z`V… {H$ÝVw ~«ô‘mÛ¡VmZw^do@{n ^OZm{dbmonr ^ŠV-^JdX²Û¡V‘{n ‘wŠË`mZÝXo
AZwdV©VEd. Vñ‘mV² gwðy>ŠV§ VoZ {Zén{Y{à`Ëdñ` AmZÝXY‘©Ëd‘² B{V.
EVoZ ^JdmZ² {h ^ŠVmZm§ ^ŠVm¡ {Zén{Y{à`mo ^d{V VX² CŠV§ lr‘XmMm`©MaU¡a{n
""gd}fmÝVw ’$b§ ‘mojmo OrdVm§ h[aUm gh brb`m na‘§ gm¡»`§ VVmo ^pŠV…
Bh CÀ`Vo'' (V.Xr.{Z.3&9&11) B{V.
*
ZZw {à`Ëd§ {h àr{V{df`{Zð>mo Y‘©… àr{VñVw nwZ… àr{V‘pÝZð>mo Y‘©….
`ñ‘mV² ew Õ mÛ¡ V ~« ô ‘dmXo @ {n VÎdV… gd© ñ `m{n dñVw O mVñ` Eo Š `o @ {n
226
VÎmÝZm‘ê$nH$‘©Um‘² AZ¡Š`‘od{o V àr{V{à`Ëd`mo… g‘mZê$noU ^pŠVËd§ {déÕ{‘d
Am^m{V. H$moeo {h V`mo… n`m©`VmopŠVñVw dñVw{Z {à`Ëdñ` àr{VOÝ`ËdoZ
Am¡nMm[aŠ`od ""VpËg{ÕOm{V...''(em.Xr.1&4&18&28) BË`wŠVàH$maoU*
B{V MoV² gË`‘²
`Ú{n bm¡ { H$H$ñ` àr{V^mOZñ` ~mh² ` {df`ñ` na‘mË‘ZBd
àr{V‘Ënwéfmä`ÝV…pñW{V… {déÕ¡d VWm{n bm¡{H$Ho$@{n {h {df`o {à`Ëdê$nmo
Y‘m} Z BVa{ZanojV`m dñVw{Zð>mo Y‘©… B{V dŠVw§ eŠ`…. Zm{n H$ënZmamo{nVV`m
^« ‘ ^mVEd. lw { Vgy Ì ^mJdVVmËn`© { dX² { ^… lr‘XmMm`© M aU¡ … ào å U…
nXmWm©ÝVaê$nËdoZ àñWm{nVV`m Vñ` ^«‘à‘mVrVËdmV². ZM *AmXm¡ ""ñZoh…
nXmWm©ÝVa§ ^JdpÝZð>Ed ^JdX²{df`H$…... ^JdËgå~ÝYmV² VÝZ¡H$Q²>çmX²
AÝ`Ìm{n ^mgVo'' B{V CŠËdm AÝVo ""Ed‘² AÜ`mgoZ AÝ`Ì'' B{V CŠË`m
AmMm`©MaU¡a{n ~mh²`ofw {df`ofw Vñ` ^«mpÝVê$nVm A§JrH¥$V¡d* B{V dmÀ`§,
VmËn`m©ZdJ‘mV². A`‘² A{^àm`mo : BpÝÐ`‘Zmo~wÕçh§H$ma{MÎmd¥Î`OÝ`ËdoZ Z
VmdV² {à`Ëd§ H$pñ‘ÝZ{n dñVw{Z ^«‘H¥$V§ dm à‘mH¥$V§ dm ^d{V, AmË‘H$m‘H¥$Vñ`
{à`Ëdñ` lwVm¡ CnnmXZmV². ZM *""H$m‘… g§H$ënmo {d{M{H$Ëgm lÕm AlÕm
Y¥{V… AY¥{V... BË`oVV² gdª ‘ZEd'' (~¥h.Cn.1&5&3) B{V dMZo H$m‘ñ`
‘ZmoOÝ`ËdlmdUmV² ‘ZmoOÝ`Ëd‘od A§JrH$m`©‘²* B{V dmÀ`‘², AmË‘Y‘©ê$nm`m…
Vñ`m… ‘Z{g {d{eï>m{d^m©dm§JrH$mamX² AÝ`W¡d CnnÎmo…. AÝ`Wm ""Z dmao
gd© ñ ` H$m‘m` gdª {à`§ ^d{V AmË‘ZñVw H$m‘m` gdª {à`§
^d{V''(~¥h.Cn.2&4&5), ""Ef h²`od AmZÝX`m{V'' (V¡{Îm.Cn.2&7), ""`mo
d¡ ^y‘m VV² gwI§ Zmëno gwI‘² ApñV'' (N>mÝXmo.Cn.7&23&1), ""EVñ`¡d
AmZÝXñ` AÝ`m{Z ^yVm{Z ‘mÌm‘² CnOrdpÝV'' (~¥h.Cn.4&3&32)
BË`od‘mXr{Z ~hÿ{Z dmŠ`m{Z ~m{YVm{Z ^do`…w . Vñ‘mV² na‘mË‘m§e^yVñ` {MX§eñ`
gå~ÝYoZ à`wŠVËdmXod AÝ`Ì ñZoh…. g gå~ÝYñVw nwZ… ñdñ` AÝ`oZ gh
^«‘à‘mÝ`Va^mVoZ `mÑpÀN>H${Z`VmÝ`VaoU g§`moJoZ CîUñne©dX² AZw^y`VB{V
VËà`wŠVEd {à`Ëdo ^«‘^mVËdì`dhma… Am¡nMm[aH$…. ZM *XohJohm{Xfw
AZwamJà`wŠVm g§gm[aU… {à`Ëd~w{Õ… d¡am½`o g{V {ZdV©VB{V {à`Ëd§ ^«‘H¥$V‘od
AmgrX² B{V `{X {daŠVmo Z OmZr`mV² VXm Z¡d {daÁ`oX²* B{V dmÀ`§, VÌm{n
227
d¡am½`demV² nydª ñdgå~ÝYm^md‘od `Xm ‘ZwVo VX¡d {à`Ëdm^md§ ‘ÝdrV ZmÝ`Wm
B{V ko`‘².
K
{à`Ëd‘od M ñZoh… ""ào‘m Zm {à`Vm hmXª ào‘ ñZohmo@W XmohX‘²''
(A‘.H$mo.1&10&415) ""‘wV² àr{V… à‘Xmo hf©…'' (A‘.H$mo.1&7&263) B{V
M. ñZohEd M ^Jd{V ^pŠV… ""‘mhmËå`kmZnyd©ñVw gwÑT>… gd©Vmo{YH$…
ñZohmo "^pŠV…' B{V àmoŠV… V`m ‘wpŠV… ZM AÝ`Wm'' (Zma.nÄM. & ) B{V
nÄMamÌmV². AÌ "gwÑT>…' B{V ~«÷Y‘©Ëd~moYH$‘². "gd©Vmo{YH$…' B{V
{Zén{YËd~moYH$‘². VWm ""gm nam AZwapŠV… B©ídao'' (empÊS>.gy.1&2&) B{V
empÊS>ë`gyÌmV² M.
*
ZZw ewŠVm¡ aOVËdoZod nydª {à`ËdoZ A{^‘Vo@{n dñVw{Z {à`Ëdm^md{ZYm©amo
~mYkmZ‘od{o V {à`Ëdñ` ^«‘Ëdo à‘mU‘²* B{V MoV² Z, Ed‘{n {à`Ëdm^md{ZYm©amV²
nydª ñdgå~ÝYm^md{ZíM`ñ` An[ahm`©ËdmXod. *ZZw H$Xm{MX² Xwï>V‘o {h
nwÌ{nV¥^«mV¥H$bÌmXm¡ ñdgå~ÝYmd^mgo@{n {à`Ëd~w{Õ{dbmonmV² Z¡d‘²* B{V MoV²
VXm ^dVw ñdgå~ÝY~moYhoVwH$… {à`ËdmÜ`dgm`… AWdm {à`Ëd~w{ÕOÝ`m
Ho$Z{MV² gmH§$ ñdgå~ÝYñn¥hm Z VÌ AmJ«h…. gd©Wm{n AmË‘a{VhoVwH¡$d
AmË‘oVadñVwfw a{V… B{V Am¡n{ZfX… {gÕmÝV….
K
VXoVX² A{^àoË` Amhþ… {à`Ëd‘od BË`m{XZm empÊS>ë`gyÌmV² M BË`ÝV‘².
A`‘² Ame`… : ""V§ `Wm-`Wm CnmgVo VV² VW¡d ^d{V''-""Ëd§
^md`moJn[a^m{dVöËgamoO… Amñgo lwV{o jVnWmo ZZw ZmW nwg § m§ `X²`X² {Y`m
V CéJm` {d^m`pÝV VÎmX² dnw… àU`go gXZwJ«hm`'' (‘wX²J.Cn.3&3-
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AÌ à{V{dYmñ`m‘… ""Ah§ ~«ô‘mpñ‘'' (~¥h.Cn.1&4&10) B{V
Cn{ZfX²dmŠ`ldU‘ZZ{Z{XÜ`mgZOÝ`m`m… eãXd¥Îmoa{n ^mdZmê$nVm Hw$Vmo Z
A§Jr{H«$`Vo? Hw$VíM ~«ô‘mËå`¡Š`mnmamoú`§ VÌ CnnmÚVo? B{V dXÝVw ^dÝV….
ZM *""V{XX‘² EVh²`©{n `… Ed§ doX "Ah§ ~«ô‘ Apñ‘' B{V, g BX§ gdª
^d{V'' (VÌ¡d : 1&4&10) B{V lw{Vaod VÌ à‘mU‘²* B{V dmÀ`§, V{h© ewîH§$
VH©$‘² AZmÑË` {df`o@pñ‘Z² lwË`m{XemñÌàm‘mÊ`mä`wnJ‘o g‘mZ`moJjo‘mX²
^ŠVmd{n VW¡d ^dVw VWm{h : ""`o `Wm ‘m§ ànÚÝVo VmZ² VW¡d ^Om{‘
Ah‘²'' (^J.JrVm.4&11), ""V§ `Wm-`Wm CnmgVo VW¡d ^d{V''
(‘wÒ.Cn.3) ""`X²-`X² {Y`m V CéJm` {d^md`pÝV VÎmX² dnw… àU`go
gXZwJ«hm`'' (^mJ.nwam.3&9&11) B{V Z¡H$dMZoä`… Vñ` na‘oídañ`
AZÝ`gmYmaUo Y‘}@{n lÔYVm§ `Wm ~«ô‘mËå`¡Š`o lÔYVo ^dÝV…. *ZZw CŠV§
gmYZXem`m‘{n A{dÚmJ«pÝW^oXZmn{Îm…* B{V MoV² Z, `Wm Ho$dbmÛ¡VdmXo
{MÎmew{Õ… doXmÝVdmŠ`ldU§ VXW©‘ZZ§ VpÝZ{XÜ`mgZ§ M B{V kmZmoËnÎmm¡ H«$‘…
VWm ewÕmÛ¡VdmXo@{n gËg§Jmo, é{M…, VXZw ^JdËñdê$nbrbm{Zê$nH$mUm§ dMZmZm§
epŠVVmËn`©{ZYm©aê$n§ ldU§, {ZYm©[aVmW©^mdZmnyd©H§$ ^JdXmgŠË`m VËH$sV©Z§,
^Jd{V ^JdËñdê$nbrbm^mdmZw^mdZo ^ŠË`mË‘H$mo ì`gZ^md… Ed§ H«$‘oU¡d
234
^pŠVa{n A{YH$m{YH$~«ô‘mZÝXY‘©Vm‘² AmË‘Z… àH$Q>`Vr{V gmYZXem`m‘od
A{dÚm`m… gd©ndm©Um§ {d^oXZ§ Z AmnmX{`Vw§ eŠ`‘². g{V M¡d§ ^Jd{V ñdàoåUmo
{df`mgpŠV-VX²{dapŠV-‘wpŠVVmo@{n AmZÝXm{YŠ`ñ’w$aUoZ V{XVañn¥hmZme….
VV… eZH¡$… ^JdËàoåUEd {ZOmÝV…pñWV^JdÐÿnVmdJ‘mX² ^JdX¡Š`ñ’w$aUmV²
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gmjmËH$ma… B{V ahñ`‘². {H$ÄM H$‘©Umo@{n ’$b§ Z¡H$mÝVoZ AñWmñ³dod ^d{V
B{V ^«{‘Vì`§, ""àOmn{V‘od XodVm§ `OÝVo àOmn{V… XodVm ^dpÝV. àOmnVo…
gm`wÁ`§ gbmoH$Vm§ O`pÝV'' (eV.n.~«m.12&1&3&21) BË`Ì H$‘©Um{n
‘mojlmdUmV². ZM àOmnVoaod AmH$ënñWmñZwV`m VÌ gm`wÁ`¡H$Ëd`moa{n
VWmH$ënmÝVñWmñZwVd¡ H$ënZr`m, ~«ô‘Ê`{n gm`wÁ`o ‘hmàb`mZÝVa§ {ÛVr`H$ëno
g¥ï²>çmaå^o nwZ… ~ÝYmn{ÎmH$ënZm`m… gweH$ËdmV².
Vñ‘mX² ""^ŠË`m Ah‘² EH$`m J«mh²`…'' (^mJ.nwam.11&14&21) ""`ñ`
Xodo nam ^pŠV…... Vñ` EVo H${WVm h²`Wm©… àH$meÝVo ‘hmË‘Z…''
(ídoVm.Cn.6&23) BË`od‘m{XdMZofw ^pŠV§ {dZm Z¡d na‘mË‘mZ§ Zm{n
VËà{VnmXH$dMZmZm‘² A{^àm`‘{n dm Ho$Z{MV² g‘dYma{`Vw§ eŠ`‘² B{V
{gÕmÝV…. Vñ‘mX² ^pŠVag^mdmZwê$nV`m ñd`§ ^JdVm ^ŠVmZwJ«hmWª àH${Q>Vñ`
dnwfmo AÝ`Wm^mdZH$V£d ~«ô‘mËå`¡Š`^mdZ`m ñd‘mojmdmpßV§ ‘¥VnwÌ{‘d ^md`{V
B{V Ab‘².
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^ŠVm¡ AZw‘moÚVo. AVEd Šd{MÀM VmÑí`m… brbm`m… ^JdËñZohm{^dY©H$Ëdo@{n
VÎmËñZohm{XgÄMm[a^mdËdoZ¡d hoVwZm Z ^ŠË`§JV`m ñn¥hUr`Vm. VWm{n
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gÄMm[a^mdV`m ^ŠVrVa^mdmZm‘{n VXmbå~Z{d^mdmË‘H$^JdÐÿ n o
àH${Q>VJw U Y‘© b rbmê$nmUm§ Ü`mZ§ dm VÌ AZw a mJmo dm ^pŠVago
g‘{YH$M‘ËH$mamYmZmWª ^dÝVm¡ Z {Zdm`}Vo. AVEd ^JdVmo e¥§JmaagmpË‘H$m`m…
amgbrbm`m… dU©Zmong§hmao ^mJdVo@{n ""{dH«$s{S>V§ d«OdYy{^… BX§ M {dîUmo…
235
lÕmpÝdVmo AZwe¥Uw`mX² AW dU©`oX² `mo ^pŠV§ nam§ ^Jd{V à{Vbä` H$m‘§
öX²amoJ‘² Amew An{hZmo{V A{MaoU Yra…'' (^mJ.nwam.10&30&40) B{V
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nmX‘ybàmpßVaod Z ñ`mV²... EVÀM ^OZ§ Z {df`dV² {H$ÝVw àH$mamÝVaoU''
(gw~mo.10&26&31) B{V. CÕdoZm{n ""^Jd{V CÎm‘íbmoH$o ^dVr{^… AZwÎm‘m
^pŠV… àd{V©Vm {Xï²>çm ‘wZrZm‘{n Xwb©^m'' (^mJ.nwam.10&44&25) BË`oVoZ
JmonrOZmZm§ ‘Ü`o d«Oo ‘Ý‘W‘Ý‘Wê$noU gmjmV² àH${Q>Vo ^Jd{V e¥§JmampË‘H$m
^pŠVaod àe§{gVm, Z Ho$dbm e¥J§ mampË‘H$m a{V…. AdVmaH$mbo@{n `Xm ^pŠVagñ`
EVmdX² ‘mhmËå`§ `X² ^Jdëbrbmgm‘{`H$m… `o {d{dYm… ^JdX²{df`H$^mdm…
VXnoj`m ^ŠVoaod àmYmÝ`‘². VXm AÝ`ofm§ H$‘m}nmgZkmZm{XgmYZmnoj`m ^ŠVo…
CËH$f©{df`o {H$`X² dm dU©Zr`‘²
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BV…na§ ^JdXZwJ«hmX² bä`ofw ’$bofw ^pŠVbm^ê$nñ` ’$bñ`m{n CËH$f©{deof…
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AZwJ«h{ZéŠË`gå^d… 2VËgå^do@{n AZwJ«hñ` ^JdÔe©Z‘moj`moaod n`©dgmZ§,
Z ^ŠVm¡ 3AZwJ«hñ` X`mê$nËdo@{n Xw…ImË`ÝVm^mdgånmXZo n`©dgmZmX², Z
AZwJh« Uo bä`m ^pŠV… 4dñVwVñVw gd©kËdoZ gd©H$V¥Ë© doZ gdm}nmXZËdoZ gd©ê$nËdoZ
Xw…Img§ñn¥ï>ËdoZ gdm©{^ÝZËdoZ M A{^‘Vñ` ~«ô‘U… ñdpñ‘Z²
dm ñdm§eofw dm {ZO¡H$Vm{ÛVr`V`mo… AkmZ{dñ‘aUgÝXoh^«‘mgå^doZ
AZwJ«mh²`Vm~wÕo… AàgpŠV… B{V. Vñ‘mX² AmË‘g¥ï>m¡ àmXw^m{d©VmZm§ {ZOm§emZm§
AmJÝVwHo$Zm{n Ho$Z{MX² hoVwZm Xw…pIËdmZwJ«mh²`ËdH$ënZo@{n gd©kgd©epŠV‘V…
Vñ` VWm{dY§ {Z‘m© U ÝVw AeŠ`H$ënZ‘o d . AÝ`Wm
gd©kËdgd©epŠV‘ÎdH¥$nmbwËd-~mYmn{Îm… Xwîn[aha¡d.
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 1-4
VÌ àW‘MVwWm£ Amjonm¡Vw Y{‘©kmnH$à‘mU¡aod ZmonnÝZm¡, ~«ô‘Umo
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dm Z H$m{MX² hm{Z[a{V. VWm{h-
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{Z{hVmo Jwhm`m§ V§... ní`{V... YmVw… àgmXmX²... `‘od Ef d¥UwVo
VoZ bä`…'' (H$R>mon.2&20-23,ídoVm.Cn.3&20) B{V.
""Vofm‘od AZwH$ånmW©‘² Ah‘² AkmZO§ V‘mo Zme`m{‘''
(^J.JrVm.10&11) B{V.
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‘qV bmoHo$ doXo M n[a{Z{ð>Vm‘²'' (^mJ.nwam.4&29&46) B{V.
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(^mJ.nwam.10&36& 55) B{V M.
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Vñ‘mX² ApñV MoV² na‘oídao H$mMZ AZwJh« ê$nm nw{ï>epŠV… VXm VXZwê$nV`m
eŠ`ÄM A{Zd© M Zr`‘{n {H$pÄMÎmw H$ënZr`‘o d , à‘mU{gÕo dñVw { Z
bjUmZnojUmV². Z{h ""erVñne©dË`… Amn…'' B{V bjUdoÎmwaod V¥S²> AX²{^…
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Am{d^m©dmZwHy$bñdZ¡H$Q>çgånmXZ§ dm AZwJ«h…'' B{V `V² {H$‘{n VëbjU‘².
gd©WmVw ""Û`m h
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Ed§ VXm{d^m©d… M AË`ZwJ«hmXod ""^JdmZ² ^OVm§ ‘wHw$ÝXmo ‘wpŠV§ XXm{V
H${h©{MV² ñ‘ Z ^pŠV`moJ‘²'' (^mJ.nwam.5&6&18) B{V nÄM‘ñH$ÝYo
ewH$dmŠ`mV². ZM Ed§ gd©Wm VXXmZ‘² B{V eL²>Š`§ """H¥${fa²' CËH¥$ï>dMZmo
"U'íM gX²^pŠVdmMH$mo "A'íMm{n XmV¥dMZg² VoZ H¥$îU§ {dXw… ~wYm…''
( . & & ) B{V dmŠ`o XmZñ`m{n CŠVËdmV². AVmo AË`ZwJ«hEd XXm{V B{V
{ZíM`…. AZwJ«híM Z ’$b{XËgm Zdm BÀN>mÝVa§ ""`ñ` AZwJ«h‘² BÀN>m{‘''
(Ðï>.^mJ.nwam.10&27&16) B{V ^JdX²dmŠ`o BÀN>m{df`ËdoZ CëboImV².
237
""’$b{XËgmXo… VWmËdm^mdmX²'' (^.h§.) B{V ^pŠVh§go pñWV‘². X`m{Xa{n
EVñ`¡d n`m©`…, ""^dÝVm¡ AZwJ¥ôUrVm§ `mVm dmo AZwJ«hmX² {Xd‘²'' ( . & &
) BË`m{Xfw X`màmW© Z mdmŠ`o f w VWm à`mo J o U EVpÝZíM`mV² . AVEd
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gmbmoŠ`m{XMVwï>`§ ZoÀN>pÝV god`m nyUm©… Hw$Vmo AÝ`V² H$mb{dßbwV‘²''
(^mJ.nwam.9&4&67) B{V VmÑem§ ‘wŠË`§JrH$mamo@{n g§JÀN>Vo.
àmOmnË`m… Xodm… M Agwam… M''(~¥h.Cn.1&3&1) ""X¡dr gånX² {d‘mojm`
{Z~ÝYm` Amgwar ‘Vm... Ûm¡ ^yVgJm£ bmoHo$ Apñ‘Z² X¡d AmgwaEd''
(^J.JrVm.16&3-5) B{V dMZmä`m§ Vñ`¡d ~«ô‘U… ñdH$s`mX² A§{eê$nmX²
{ZOm§eì`wÀMmaUH$mbEd Ho$fw{MX² A§eofw ‘mojm{YH$m[aVmgånmXZmZwHy$b… g§H$ënmo
dm a{V… dm, Ho$fw{MV² M ~ÝYm{YH$m[aVmgånmXZmZwHy$b… g§H$ënmo dm a{V… do{V
C^md{n brbm{dbmgê$nm¡ pñWVm`mÝVw g¥ï>m¡ nwZ… ‘mojm{YH$m[aîd{n H$Xm H$ñ`
Ho$Z Cnm`oZ H$Wå^yVm` ’$bm` AZwJ«h… B{V gmo@{n V{XÀN>mYrZepŠVàoaUê$nmo
‘ÝVì`…. AÝ`Wm gd}fm‘{n OrdmZm§ g¥ï²>çwËnÎ`ì`d{hVmoÎmajUEd ‘wpŠVàXmZoVw
brbm^§JEd ñ`mV². Vofw `o Ordm… ^ŠVrVa¡… ‘wŠË`wnm`¡… ‘wŠË`{YH$m[aËdoZ
AZwJ¥hrVm… VXnoj`m ñd‘mhmËå`OZZnyd©H$-{Zén{YgwÑT>gd©Vmo{YH$ñZohàXmZoZ
CÕVw‘© ² Bï>m… CËH¥$ï>m… {h Vo nw{ï>Ordm… B{V n[aJÊ`ÝVo. Vñ`¡Vñ` nw{ï>^pŠVOZH$ñ`
AZw J « h ñ` AZw Î m‘§ d¡ { eï² > ç§ ^ŠVöX`¡ H $Jå`{‘{V #BI
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ZZw H$W§ VX²? B{V MoX² Ed‘² : "AZw'nyd©H$ñ` CnmXmZmW©H$ñ` ñdrH$mamW©H$ñ`
dm "J«h'YmVmo… {ZînÝZmo A`§ "AZwJ«h'eãX…. VWmM g¥ï²>çmaå^o {h {d‘mojmWª
ñdrH¥$Vñ`¡d X¡dOrdñ` nwZ… CÕmam¡n{`H$m` gmYZmMaUmZwHy$bàoaUmàXmZm`
nwZ… ^JdËH¥$V§ ñdrH$aU§ dm daU§ dm Ordofw "AZwJ«h'nXdmÀ`mo ^d{V.
VX² CŠV§ nmÄMamÌr`bú‘rVÝÌo-
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g‘m{dÕm…, Apñ‘Vm{XderH¥$Vm…, ‘ÀN>ŠË`¡d {Vamo^yVm…,
238
 "{Vamo Y mZm'{^YmZ`m CÀMmX² ZrMo nVÝV…, Vo ZrMmX²
CËnV`mbdmo {Z~Õm… {Ì{dY¡… ~ÝY¡…, ...g§gmam§Jma‘Ü`ñWm…
nÀ`‘mZm… ñdH$‘© U m, gw I m{^‘m{ZZmo Xw … Io {ZË`‘²
AkmZY{f© V m…, ...‘`m Ordm… g‘rú`ÝVo {l`m, ...gmo
"AZw J « h …' B{V àmo Š V… epŠVnmVmnamôd`…... Z Agm¡
nwéfH$maoU ZMm{n AÝ`oZ hoVZw m Ho$db§ ñdoÀN>`d¡ Ah§ àojo H§${MV²
H$Xm{n Ah‘²'' (n§.am.b.V§.13&1-11).
*
ZZw Ed§ g{V nw{ï>^ŠVm¡ H$mo {deof…, gd}îd{n ‘wpŠVàXofw gmYZofw
AZwJ«hê$nhoVmo… A§JrH$mañ` Amdí`H$ËdmX²* B{V MoX², AÌ ~«y‘mo : AÝ`mo {h
VmdX² AZwJ«hmo ^JdV… gm‘Ï`m©ZwnmVr AÝ`íM ñd^mdmZwnmVr B{V. qH$ VX²
AÝ`Ëd‘²? AmÚo {h AZwJ«ho AmZÝX‘yV}… ^JdV… Eoíd`©-dr`©-`e…-lr-
kmZ-d¡am½`mXrZm§ Y‘m©Um§ àmH$Q²>ç,§ {ÛVr`oVw VÛVmo {h AmZÝXñdê$nñ`¡d àmH$Q²>瑲
B{V ^oX…. *ZZw Y‘©Y{‘©Umo… JwUJw{UZmo… VmXmËå`m§JrH$maoU EH$àmH$Q²>ço Hw$Vmo Z
Anañ`m{n àmH$Q²>ç§ Y«wd‘²?* B{V MoV² gd©ê$nñ` gd©ì`m{nZ… gZmVZñ`m{n
^JdVmo `Ì `Xm `oZ ê$noU Am{d~w©^yfm VÌ VXm VoZ ê$noU¡d Xe©Z§ Z AÝ`Wm.
Vo M Jw U Y‘m© … `Wm`W§ gw g mYZ-{Z…gmYZ-Xw ï > g mYZmdñWo f w X¡ d Ordo f w
àgmXVmofX`mj‘m{Xê$noU àmXw^`©y CÕmamZwJUw H$mbH$‘©ñd^mdgånmXH$m{Z ^JdVmo
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B`ÄM ‘wŠVmZm‘{n A{^b{fV¡d, ""AmË‘mam‘míM ‘wZ`mo {ZJ«©ÝWmA{n
CéH«$‘o Hw$d©pÝV AhoVwH$s¨ ^pŠV‘² BËWå^yVJwUmo h[a…'' (^mJ.nwam.1&7&10)
""n[a{Z{ð>Vmo@{n Z¡Jw©Ê`o CÎm‘íbmoH$brb`m J¥hrVMoVm amOf} Am»`mZ§
VXYrVdmZ²'' (^mJ.nwam.2&1&9) BË`m{X àW‘{ÛVr`-ñH$ÝYm{XdmŠ`¡… VWm
{ZíM`mV².
d¡am½`ê$nm{U M ^dpÝV. Ed‘{n C{ÔYr{f©Vì`ñ` OrdmË‘Zmo ñdñdê$no AmgpŠV…
Z CX²^md`{V MoV² VXm Y{‘©ê$nmZÝXñ` àmXw^m©dmo Z ^d{V B{V AmMm`©MaU¡…
""Vñ‘mX² Ordm… nw{ï>‘mJ} {^ÝZmEd Z g§e`…, ^JdÐÿngodmWª VËg¥{ï>…...
^JdmZod {h ’$b§ g `Wm Am{d^©doX² ^w{d JwU/ñdê$n-^oXoZ VWm Vofm§
239
’$b§ ^doV'² ' (nw.à.‘.12-17) BË`Ì Cn{Xï>‘do . Vñ‘mX² ^JdVmo AZwJh« ñ`mñ`
{deofmo A`§ `mo àgmXVmofX`mj‘m{Xä`mo@{n {dbjU… B{V. gmo@`§ "nw{ï>'nXdmÀ`mo
^JdËñdê$nmgpŠVOZZ¡H$à`moOZmo `Xm ~«ô‘mZÝXmË‘aqV {ZË`{gÕm§ gmH$ë`oZ
Ordo {ZamdaUm§ H$amo{V VXm VmÑŠnwï>o… OÝ`m ^pŠV… "nw{ï>^pŠV…' B{V CÀ`Vo.
H$
A`§ {h AZw J « h ñ`¡ d H$íMZ A{Ve{`V… àH$mamo J« Ý WH$ma¡ …
‘§ J bmMaUH$m[aH$m`m‘² A{Ve{`VmZw J « h mV² àmß`m‘² B{V
{gÕmÝV{Zê$nH$H$m[aH$m`m§ M {Zénm{Y{à`Ëdñ` ~«ô‘Y‘©Vm B{V nXmZm§
à`moJoU gy{MV….
AVmo AZwJ«hm{Ve`bä`Vm{d‘e}Zm{n ^ŠVo… CËH$fm©{Ve`§ à{VnmÚ AW
BXmZt Vñ`m… ‘§JbmMaUH$m[aH$moŠV§ àW‘‘² CËH$fª {Zê$n{`Vw§ dXpÝV B`ÄM
‘wŠVmZm‘{n BË`m{XZm. `ñ‘mV² ""H$m‘md¥Vm h²`mË‘a{V… g§gmaO{ZH$m ‘Vm,
jwÐH$m‘j`o ‘wŠVm¡ ~«mô‘r gmË‘a{V^©doV², g¡dmË`ZwJ«hoU¡d ‘wpŠVH$m‘j`o g{V,
^OZmZÝXê$noUmß`{^ì`ŠVm ^doX² `{X, nw{ï>^pŠVV`moËH¥$ï>m dmXo@pñ‘Z²
n[aH$s{V©Vm''. VX² CŠV§ ""XodmZm§ ewÕgÎdmZm‘² F$frUm§ M A‘bmË‘Zm§
^pŠV… ‘wHw$ÝXMaUo Z àm`oU CnOm`Vo. aOmo{^… g‘g§»`mVm… nm{W©d¡…
Bh OÝVd… Vofm§ `o Ho$MZ B©hÝVo lo`mo d¡ ‘ZwOmX`…, àm`mo ‘w‘j
w d… ...‘w‘j
w U
w m§
ghòofw H$píMZ² ‘wÀ`oV {gÜ`{V. ‘wŠVmZm‘{n {gÕmZm§ Zmam`Unam`U…
gwXbw ^© … àemÝVmË‘m H$mo{Q>îd{n...'' (^mJ.nwam.6&14&2-5) B{V ^mJdVo@{n
‘wŠVoîd{n `X² Zmam`Unam`UVmê$nm`m… ^ŠVo… gwXwb©^Vm H$s{V©Vm Vñ`mA{n
hoVmo… ZM ""`Xm gd} àbr`ÝVo'' (H$R>mon.6&14) B{V lw{V{damoY…, BV… nydª
H$m‘`‘mZñ` nwZ… AmJ{V‘² Cº$‰m ""AW AH$m‘`‘mZ…'' (~¥h.Cn.4&4&6)
B{V VX² ì `dñWmH$WZ§ à{Vkm` ""`mo AH$m‘mo {ZîH$m‘… AmßVH$m‘…
AmË‘H$m‘mo ^d{V Z Vñ‘mV² àmUm… CËH«$m‘pÝV AÌ¡d g‘dZr`ÝVo ~«÷¡d
gZ² ~«ô‘ Aß`o{V'' (~¥h.Cn.4&4&6) B{V Cº$‰m VËg§J«hmo Apñ‘Z² ‘ÝÌo CÀ`Vo.
VÌ g§J«h²`mW} ~«m÷Uo AH$m‘ñ`m{n AmË‘H$m‘ËdlmdUoZ VXW©g§J«mhHo$ Apñ‘Z²
‘ÝÌo @ {n VX{V[aŠVmZm§ gd} f m§ H$m‘mZm‘o d "gd© ' nXo Z {dd{jVV`m
AmË‘H$m‘m{V[aŠVmZm‘od b`ñ` ‘wŠË`{YH$maËdoZ {dd{jVËdmV². ^ŠVoíM
AmË‘Y‘©ËdoZ VËàmnH$ËdoZ M VX{^bmfñ` AmË‘H$m‘mZ{VaoH$mV².
240
{d{M{H$Ëgm`m‘² A{Ve{`VmZwJ«hEd ""^JdmZ² ^OVm§ ‘wHw$ÝXmo ‘wpŠV§ XXm{V
H${h©{MV² ñ‘ Z ^pŠV`moJ‘²'' (^mJ.nwam.5&6&18) B{V dMZoZ hoVwËdoZ
AZw‘r`Vo.
BX‘² AÌ AdYo`§ : "‘wŠVmZm‘{n A{^b{fVm' B{V {Zê$nUoZ `o{h
ñdoï>Xdo fo w dm Aja~«ô‘{U dm gm`wÁ`§ dm EH$s^md§ dm JVm… VofVw w AàgŠVËdmXod
lrhao… ^pŠV{df{`Ur ñn¥hm Z gå^d{V. Vñ‘mX² `o OrdÝ‘wŠVm… AWdm Šd{MV²
gmbmoŠ`m{X‘wpŠV^m{JZmo dm Vofm‘od ^JdËH¥$nm{Ve`mV² H$Xm{MV² VÔe©Zbm^o
VëbrbmldUbm^o ^pŠVñn¥hm g‘wXoVr{V VEd Bh "‘wŠVmZm‘{n' nXoZ
{dd{jVm…. AÝ`Wm H$m‘ZmdÎdo g{V ‘w Š Vm¡ Eo H $mpÝVH$mZ{YH$mao V w
‘wpŠVH$m‘Zm`mA{n ‘wŠVm¡ à{V~ÝYH$Ëdmn{Îm… Xwîn[aha¡d ñ`mV².
Vñ‘mV² {MX§eofw `… H$mo@{n ""Xodmo Agwamo ‘Zwî`mo dm `jmo JÝYd©… EdM
^OZ² ‘wH$w ÝXMaU§ ñdpñV‘mZ² ñ`mX²'' (^mJ.nwam.7&7&50) B{V, VWm ‘Zwî`oîd{n
""{H$amVhÿUmÝY«nw{bÝXnwëH$gm… Am^raH§$H$m… `dZm… IgmX`mo `o AÝ`oM
nmnm… `Xwnml`ml`m… ewÜ`pÝV'' (^mJ.nwam.2&4&18) B{V, VWm Voîd{n
nwZ… gXmMmamo XwamMmamo dm Zamo ""A{n MoV² gwXwamMmamo ^OVo ‘m‘² AZÝ`^mH²$
gmYwaod g ‘ÝVì`…. gå`J² ì`d{gVmo {h g…. {jৠ^d{V Y‘m©Ë‘m...
H$m¡ÝVo` à{VOmZr{h Z ‘o ^ŠV… àUí`{V'' (^J.JrVm.9&30-31) B{V
dMZmX² `… H$mo@{n OrdmË‘m ^JdX²^ŠË`Wª ^JdV… VmÑŠH¥$nmdÎdo A{YH$mar
^{dVw§ ^m½`dmZ² ^d{V, gEd ^Jdëbrbmà`wŠVo {d{dYàH$maH$‘mojo {h A{YH$mar
^d{V B{V. VWm{n gd}@{n Bh ^JdXZwJ«hm{Ve`m^mdo ^JdX²^ŠVm¡ A{YH$m[aUmo
^{dVw§ Zmh©ÝË`od. AVmo A`§{h ^ŠË`wËH$f©… gd}fw AmË‘moÕmamonm`ofw dñVwVmo
‘hmZod
* nj…'' (V¡ { Îm.Cn.2&5) B{V lw V m¡ ^¥ e § àe§ { gVm. AVmo kmZ`mo J o Z
ZZw AñVw Ed§{dYmo ‘hmoËH$fm} ^ŠVo… VWm{n BVaofm‘² AmË‘moÕmamonm`mZm‘{n
^ŠVo [ ad CËH$f© … Hw $ Vmo Z A{^km`Vo ? Vo f m‘{n Ibw ~« ô ‘UEd
AZwJ«mhH$epŠV{deofmonï>ãYgXm{Xg‘wX²^yV{H«$`mkmZm{XeŠVrZm§ OrdmË‘gw
A{^ì`ŠVo… A§JrH$mamV²* B{V MoX,² `Ú{n n`©Z`w moJñ`mñ` g‘mYmZÝVw CŠVàm`‘od
VWm{n Cng§hmao nwZ… {d{eî` Vñ` CnnmXZ§ {H«$`Vo :
241
EH$ñ`¡dm{ÛVr`ñ` ~hþ^dZgm‘Ï`©gH§ $ënmä`m§ àgyVm`m‘² Añ`m§ g¥ï>m¡ ^JdVmo
{h g§ g ¥ { VH$m[aUr ì`m‘mo h H$m{dÚm `Wm VWm lr{dÚmnw ï ² > `mX`…
ñdm§emoÕmagmYZr^yVm… {h AZwJ«m{hH$m… eŠV`…. Vmgw ‘wpŠVXm{`Zr AZwJ«m{hH$m
epŠV… `Xm gX§eg‘wX²^yVm§ {H«$`mepŠV§ Ibw ñdmdmÝVaì`mnmaê$noU CnmXÎmo
VXm ^JdV… g¥ { ï>brbmZw { dYm{`Zr ^y Ë dm CÕV© ì `o OrdmË‘{Z
VXÝV…d{V© V X§ e ËdmZw J w U m‘o d Am§ { eH$s‘² H$‘© ` mo J m{d^y © V mË‘a{V‘o d gm
Am{dîH$amo{V. Z nyUm©‘² A§{eê${nUr{‘{V Vñ`m… brbmW©g¥ï>ñdê$nmZwê$nV¡d.
g¡ d ñdm§ e mo Õ magmYZr^y V m {dÚmê$nm AZw J « m {hH$m epŠV… H$Xm{MV²
ñd{MX§eg‘wX²^yVm§ kmZepŠV‘{n Šd{MV² ñdmdmÝVaì`mnmaê$noU A§JrH$amo{V.
VXm ""gË`§ kmZ‘² AZÝV§ ~«ô‘''-""AmZÝXmo ~«ô‘ B{V ì`OmZmV²'' ''
(V¡{Îm.Cn.2&1-3&6) B{V dMZmoŠVñ` ~«ô‘U… ñdñdê$nñWm§ ~«mô‘r‘²
AmZÝXmpË‘H$m‘² AmË‘aqV kmZ`moJZo àmXw^m©d`{V. EV`m {dÚ`m eŠË`m ~«ô‘kmZr
""`mo@h‘² Apñ‘ ~«ô‘mh‘² Apñ‘'' (‘hmZm.Cn.5&10) B{V lwË`wŠVarË`m
{ZOmË‘mZ§ Vpñ‘Z² brZ§ H$amo{V, VXm ~«ô‘mZÝXmË‘aË`mo… EH$s^mdoZ {dÚmepŠV…
OrdmË‘Zmo ~« ô ‘{U {Z‘ÁOH$m ^d{V. AV… VX² ~ « ô ‘Umo {h
{à`Ëd‘moXà‘moXàMwabrbmZÝXmZwJwUm ^d{V. AmZÝXê$nñ` ~«ô‘Umo brbmVw
AmZÝX‘`r ^d{V. AÝ`Wm
VmÑemo ~«ô‘U… Vëbrbm{df`m àd¥{Îm… Z ñ`mV². ZM EVmdVm ~«ô‘mZÝXo
H$mMZ Ý`yZVm CX²^md{`Vw§ eŠ`m, An[apÀN>ÝZmZÝXñ` Vñ`¡d ñdmË‘a‘UmW£d
brbo { V ñdo V aV… AmZÝXàmMw ` © ñ ` AZno j UmV² . AVmo { h gm brbm
{à`Ëd‘moXà‘moXàMwa{o V VÌ{h Vñ` CËH¥$ï>m AmË‘a{V… ñdr{H«$`Vo. go`‘² AmZÝX‘`r
AmË‘a{V… AmË‘g¥ï>mÝZ‘`m{XMVwf©w Amä`ÝVaV‘V`m AdpñWVm ""AÝ`moÝVa
AmË‘m AmZÝX‘`…... Vñ` {à`‘od {eamo ‘moXmo X{jU… nj… à‘moX… CÎma…
~«ô‘ñdê$nmZÝXmZw^do@{n ~«ô‘Umo@{n A^rï>m§ {h ‘moXà‘moXê$nm‘² AmË‘aqV
kmZ`moJoZ AZw^{dVw§ ‘wŠVmo Ordmo Z eŠZmo{V.
AW ‘mhmËå`kmZoZ ñdê$nmZÝXmpË‘H$m§ {h AmË‘aqV g‘dJË` Vñ` brbm`m§
gwÑT>gd©Vmo{YH$ñZohdÎm`m AmZÝX‘`r‘{n AmË‘aqV {à`Ëd‘moXà‘moXàMwam§ Vm§
242
^ŠVEd AZw^d{V. Vñ‘mX² hoVmo… ^ŠVoaod A`‘² CËH$fm} `X² ~«ô‘U…
ñdê$nmZÝXg‘wpÀMVm§ brbmZÝXmpË‘H$m‘² AmË‘aqV ~«ô‘U… go`‘² AZw^md`{V
B{V. ^ŠVmoÕmagmYZr^yVm`m… AZwJ«m{hH$m`m… eº²$`m… AdmÝVaì`mnmaê$n§ XYmZm
AmZÝXepŠV… ^ŠVofw C^`mpË‘H$m‘² AmË‘aqV àmXw^m©d`{V. VX² CŠV§ ""gË`§
kmZ‘² AZÝV§ ~«ô‘. `mo doX {Z{hV§ Jwhm`m§ na‘o ì`mo‘Z², gmo AíZwVo gdm©Z²
H$m‘mZ² gh ~«ô‘Um {dnpíMVm'' (V¡{Îm.Cn.2&1) B{V. EVñ` AW©{dñVañVw
AmZÝX‘`m{YH$aU^mî`o {Zê${nVEd. ZM *VÌ öX`Jwhm`m§ {h Aja~«ô‘doÎmwaod
na~«ô‘Um gh gd©H$m‘meZê$nmo ^moJ… à{Vnm{XV…. ~«ô‘Umo Jm¡U^mdoZ OrdmË‘Z…
M AmZÝXmon^moJo àYmZ^moŠV¥^mdnyd©H$^moJà{VnmXZnamo gmo@`§ àg§J…. Z{h VÌ
{à`Ëd‘moXà‘moXê$nmË‘aVo… ^pŠVê$noU àmXw^m©d… Cnnm{XVB{V AÝ`W¡d Bh
EVX² {Zê$nU§ ^m{V* B{V e§H$Zr`‘², Vñ`¡Vñ` Aja~«ô‘UEd AmZÝXê$nm
lrepŠV… B{V gw~mo{YÝ`m§ à{VnmXZmonbå^mX² {h. VWm{h-
""`Xm ^JdmZ² ñdepŠVê$noU Am{d^©yV… VXm eŠVrZm§ ‘Ü`o
lr… àW‘m. gm earaEd ~bdV² nydª pñWVm. `Xm ^JdmZ² à^wËdoZ
Am{d^y©V… VXm gm{n ^mo½`ËdoZ Am{d^y©Vm ^m`}d...
(Cng§hma…)
L>
AV… H$m[aH$moŠV§ gd©‘² AdXmV‘² B{V {XH²$.
lr‘XmMm`©H¥$n`m lrnrVmå~agwZwZm&&
gw~mo{YÝ`wŠV`m arË`m ^º²$`wËH$f©… g‘{W©V…&&4&&
gm{n gpÀMÐÿnm ñdmWª Vñ`m… earaÝVw ~«ô‘mZÝXê$n‘²...
gm{h Ajañ` AmZÝXê$nm... `Xm ^JdmZ² ñd^moJmWª OJV²
H$amo{V VXm gdª bú‘rê$n‘od H$amo{V B{V ~mo{YV‘². AZoZ
AdVmaofw ^mo½`m… bú‘rê$nmEdo{V ñdê$nVmo AmdoeVmo dm.''
(gw~mo.2&9&13-14).
243
VXoVV² gdª ö{X A{^gÝYm` e§H$mg‘mYmZ‘wIoZ Amhþ… ZM BË`m{XZm
AmË‘H$m‘mZ{VaoH$mV² BË`ÝV§ `mdV².
L>
Vñ‘mX² `o AË`ÝVmZwJ¥hrVm… Ordm… ~«ô‘Um ñdmË‘mZÝXmon^moJmWª g¥ï>m…
lr[ad Voh²`od VXmdoe`wŠVm… ~«ô‘U… ñdê$nmZÝX-brbmZÝXm¡ AZw^{dVw‘²
A{YH$m[aUmo ^dpÝV. VoVw g§gmamX² ‘wŠVmd{n ^JdX²^OZ{da{hVm… Z ^dpÝV.
AV… EVmÑem… ^OZmZÝXm{YH$m[aUmo {h ^JdXdVmaH$mbo ^JdVm gh ^yVbo@{n
g‘mJË` ^JdX² { d‘w I m… Z ^dpÝV B{V {gÕ‘² . VÌ lrñVw ‘y { V© ‘ Vr
~«ô‘ñdê$nmZÝXmpË‘H$m AmË‘a{V…. g¡d a{V… ì`m‘mohH$m{dÚmeH$Ë`wnï>ãYm gVr
^JdËñdê$n~mo Y ^mdmä`m§ a{hVmZm§ ^JdpÀMX§ e mZm§ n[aVmo @ dpñWVo f w
^JdËg§Xe^yV-ê$nagJÝYm{X‘X²-^m¡{VHo$fw EopÝÐ`H${df`ofw AhÝVm‘‘VmË‘H§$
Am{dÚH$nÄMnd©ê$n§ g§gma§ VÌ g‘mgpŠVê$n§ OZ{`Ëdm {Z~ÜZm{V. V`¡d {l`m
à`wŠVm ^JdVmo AZwJ«m{hH$m nÄMndm©pË‘H$m {h {dÚmepŠV… {MX§eofw
‘mojm¡n{`H${ZîH$m‘H$‘©d¡am½`gm§»``moJVnmo`moJmZ² AdmÝVaì`mnamË‘Zm gånmÚ
VmZ² g§gmamX² ‘moM`{V. `ofw gm ~«ô‘kmZ§ OZ`{V VoVw ~«ô‘U… ñdê$nmZÝX‘²
AZw^y` ~«môå`m {h AmË‘aË`m gånÝZm… ~«ô‘{U br`ÝVo. V`m lreº²$`m
à`wŠVm ^JdËnwï²>çnan`m©`ê$nm ñdm§emoÕm[aH$m AZwJ«m{hH$m epŠVñVw nw{ï>Ordofw
^JdËñdê$nmgpŠV§ OZ`ÝVr ~«ô‘U… ñdê$nmZÝXmË‘a{Vg‘wpÀMV^OZm-
B{V lrnrVmå~a-VZwO-Jmoñdm{‘-lrnwéfmoÎm‘-{da{MVmo
^º²$`wËH$f©dmXmo qde…nm.^o.3
gånyU©…
ÝXmpË‘H$mË‘aqV {ZOmdmÝVaì`mnmaV`m ^md`{V. B{V {ZîH$f©g§jon….
Vñ`míM¡ V ñ`m… AmË‘aVo a o d VaV‘^mdo Z Z¡ H ${dYmo Ë H$fm} ^ŠVo …
MmVw { d© Ü `à{VnmXZì`mOo Z ñH$ÝXnw a mUñ` {ÛVr`IÊS>ñ`
d¡îUdIÊS>mÝVJ©VmoËH$bIÊSo> Xe‘mÜ`m`o à{Vnm{XV…. VWm{h-
""gm‘mÝ`Vmo {deofmV² M {dîUmo… ^pŠV§ gZmVZr‘²&
AVÝVgwIgåàmßVm¡ {dÀN>oXo Xw…IgÝVVo…&&
244
hoVwa² EH$mo A`‘od B{V g§l`mX² ^pŠV… CÀ`Vo&
{ÌYm gm JwU^oXoZ Vwar`m {ZJ©wUm ‘Vm&&
H$m‘H«$moYm{^^yVmZm§ Ñï²>dm `m AÝ`§ Z ní`Vm‘²&
bãY`o M A{^Mmam` ^pŠV… ñ`mV², Z¥n, 1Vm‘gr&&
`ego M A{V[aŠVm` nañ` ñnY©`m{n dm&
àg§JmV² nabmoH$m` ^pŠV… gm 2amOgr ñ‘¥Vm&&
Am‘wpî‘H§$ pñWaVa§ Ñï²>dm ^mdmZ² {dZídamZ²&
ní`Vm Aml‘dUm}ŠVmZ² Y‘m©Z Z¡d {OhmgVm&&
AmË‘kmZm` `m ^pŠV… {H«$`Vo gmVw 3gmpÎdH$s&
OJÀM BX§ OJÝZmWmo ZmÝ`§ Mm{n M H$maU‘²&&
AhÄM Z VVmo {^ÝZmo ‘Îmmo Agm¡ Z n¥WH²$ pñWV…&
hrZ§ ~{hénmYrZm§ ào‘moËH$f}U ^mdZ‘²&&
Xwb©^m 4^pŠV… Efm {h.............&
.......................................
EH$m‘{n g‘m{lË` H«$‘mX² ‘wpŠVnW§ d«OoX²&
{dîUw^pŠV{dhrZñ` lm¡Vñ‘mVm©… M `m… {H«$`m…&
àm`píMÎmm{XH§$ VrW©`mÌmH¥$ÀN´>m{XH§$ Vn…&&
Hw$bo àgy{V… {eënm{Z gdª bm¡{H$H$^yfU‘²&
H$m`…Šboe… ’$b§ Vofm§................&&
Hw$bmMma{dhrZmo@{n ÑT>^pŠV… {OVopÝÐ`…&
àeñ`… gd©bmoH$mZm§.....................&&
.........................................&
Zmën^m½`ñ` nw§gmo {h {dîUm¡ ^pŠV… àOm`Vo&&
`m§ Vw gånmÚ `ËZoZ H¥$VH¥$Ë`mo Z grX{V&
``m do{Îm OJÝZmW§ gm {dÚm n[aH$s{V©Vm&&
`oZ àrUm{V ^JdmZ² VV² H$‘© Aew^ZmeZ‘²&''
245
(81-96)
Ed§ ^ŠVo … na‘mo Ë H$fª à{VnmÚ H$m[aH$`¡ d J« Ý Wmo n g§ h ma§ Hw $ d© p ÝV
lr‘XmMm`©H¥$n`m BË`maä` ^º²$`wËH$f©… g‘{W©V… B{V ‘ÄOwb‘² ApIb‘².
`ñ`mË‘Ý`mË‘OmVopîdh ~hþaV`… gå^dÝË`mË‘aË`m§
àmdm{hŠ`m§ {h g¥ï>m¡ {df`a{VV`m ~ÝYZ¡H$ñd^mdm&
‘m`m©{XŠ`mÝVw ‘wŠVm¡ a{V[ah M ^doÀN>mñÌ{Z{X©ï>arË`m
H$‘©kmZmÚwnm`oîd{n ^d{V nam nw{ï>g¥ï>m¡ V¥Vr`m&&
brbmonmÎmñdê$nmË‘H$JwU~hþbo ~«ô‘UrËW§ napñ‘Z²
lrH¥$îUo gd©^mdmË‘H$a{V[a{V `m nw{ï>^pŠVñdê$nm&
Vñ‘mXmh lw{V`©pÝZpIbOJ{XX§ OmV‘mZÝXVñV-
ÌmZÝXo M pñWV§ `ËnwZa{n {db`§ VÌ `m{V Y«wd§ d¡&&
H¥$n`{V `{X ‘{` amYm H$m{n Z ~mYmd{eî`Vo ^ŠVm¡&
‘y{V©‘Vr H¥$îUa{V… ñdmbå~Z{d^md‘Zw^md`{V&&
{Ìfð²>çwÎma{Ûghò{‘Vo d¡H«$‘o ‘`m&
amYmï>å`m§ H¥$Vm nyUm© ^ŠË`wËH$f©àH$m{eH$m&&
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1.à‘mU^md§ M Oh²`w… B{V {ZOhñVmjambopIVm`m§ I ‘mV¥H$m`m§ ‘w nmR>o
ZmpñV. 2.EVñ`¡d AmZÝXñ`... CnOrdpÝV B{V lwË`m AmÝ`{ÌH$mZÝXñ`m{n
VX§eËdmV² VÁO{ZVmZÝXñ`m{n ~«ô‘Om{ZVËdmX² B{V ‘w I nmR>`mo… ZmpñV. 3.
I J nmR>`mo… qdeËdñ` CëboI….
246
 &&AdVmadmXmdë`m§&&
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(‘§JbmMaUoZ {df`monH«$‘…)
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ZËdÝ`Wm V‘od "lrH¥$îU§' J¥UV gd©Xm ^º²$`m&&1&&
(nyd©nj…)
(^JdÝZmåÝ`{Ve`mo kmZ^pŠVH¥$V… H$W‘²?&&
ñdmWm}nñWmnZo ZmåZ… ñdV… gm‘Ï`©gå^dmV²&&2&&)
*
ZZw Zm‘`{V CÀMma{`Vw… AJ«o ñdm{^Yo`§ dí`V`m ñWmn`Vr{V "Zm‘'nXñ`
AWm} {ZéÀ`Vo. BX‘od ""Zm‘{^a² Xm‘{^… gdª {gV‘²'' (EoV.Cn.2&1&6)
B{V lwË`m ""`Wm Jmdmo Z{g àmoVm… VÝË`m§ ~ÕmíM Xm‘{^… dmH²$VÝË`m§
Zm‘{^… ~Õm… hapÝV ~{b‘² B©{eVw…'' (^mJ.nwam.1&13&41) B{V ñ‘¥Ë`m M
{ZíMr`Vo. Ed§ g{V ñdeº²$`m ñdmWm}nñWmnH$Ëd§ Zm‘Ëd‘² B{V {gÕç{V* B{V
MoV²,
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epŠVíM {ZË`ñ` "Jdm{X'eãXñ` {ZË`oZ JmoËdm{Xê$noU AW}Z gh
dmÀ`dmMH$^mdê$n… gå~ÝY… nXmWm©ÝVa‘²* B{V ‘r‘m§gH$m….
*
VmÑeoZ ì`pŠVñdê$noU VËàdmhoU dm gh VmÑe… gå~ÝY* B{V doXmpÝVZ….
*
g§Ho$VmnaZmåZr ""Añ‘mV² "nXmX²' A`‘² AWm} ~moÕì`…'' B{V AmH$m[aH$m
B©ídaoÀN>¡d {df`Vm#Bnm.^o.1#Agå~ÝYoZ eãXo dV©‘mZm Om{V{d{eï>mW©~mo{YH$m*
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nwéfo ldU‘mÌoU ñdVEd {H«$`Vo. `m¡{JH$m{ZVw "nmMH$'-"nmR>Ho$'Ë`mXr{Z Z
Zm‘m{Z, Vofm‘² Ad`deº²$`m ñdmWm}nñWmnH$ËdoZ ñdeŠË`m VWmËdm^mdmV².
`moJê$T>ñ¡ Vw Ad`depŠV§ ÛmarH¥$Ë` ghH¥$Ë` dm ñdeº²$`¡d AWm}nñWmnZ§ {H«$`VB{V
VmÝ`{n Zm‘m{Z.
247
Ed§ g{V AmH¥ $ Vm¡ dm {d{eï> o dm àdmho dm ì`ŠVm¡ dm eŠV¡ …
dU©g‘wXm`mË‘H$ËdoZ kmV¡… ^JdÝZm‘{^a{n J¥hrVepŠVHo$fw CÀMma{`V¥fw lmoV¥fw
M ñdmW©àË`m`ZoZ ñd’$b§ gånmXZr`‘od. AVEd ghòZm‘ñVmoÌm{Xfw ""doXmÝVJmo
~«m÷U… ñ`mV² j{Ì`mo {dO`r ^doV'² ' (‘hm^m.5&149&123) BË`mXr{Z ’$bm{Z
CÀ`ÝVo. VÎmXWª V¡ñV¡… nR²>ç‘mZm{Z ñVmoÌm{U ’$bpÝV B{V àË`jVmo AZw^y`Vo
M. qH$~hþZm ""gm§Ho$Ë`§ nm[ahmñ`§ dm ñVmo^§ hobZ‘od dm "d¡Hw$ÊR>'Zm‘J«hU‘²
AeofmKha§ {dXw…'' (^mJ.nwam.6&2&14) B{V nwéfmÝVao g§H$o {VVmZm‘² AÝ`ofmÄM
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dmŠ`o nwÌmonMm[aVñ`m{n "Zmam`U'ZmåZmo `‘nme{ZdV©H$Ëd‘² AOm{‘bmonm»`mZo
ly`Vo. {dîUwnwamUo `‘JrVmgw Zmaqgho M VWm CÀ`VB{V `WmH$WpÄMV²
Zm‘J«hUñ`m{n ’$bdÎdmV² qH$ `WmdÁkmZoZ? AW ""{dXwf… H$‘©{g{Õ… ñ`mV²
VWm Zm{dXwfmo ^doV²'' (^mJ.nwam.10&24&6) ""AkíM AlÔYmZíM
g§e`mË‘m {dZí`{V'' (^J.JrVm.4&40) BË`m{XdmŠ`ofw Ak{ZÝX`m kmZñ`m{n
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ñdmWm}nñWmnH$Ëdê$no Zm‘ñdê$no M emñÌàZmS²>çm kmVo {H$ÝZm‘ Ad{eï>§ ZmåZm§
`WmdÁkmZo, `oZ BVa{ZfoYnyd©H§$ ^º²$`m `WmdÁkmZ§ ^JdÝZmåZm‘², AÌ,
‘w»`’$bgmYH$ËdoZ à{VnmÚVo* B{V MoX²,
(CÎmanj…)
AÌ ~«‘y …-
^º²$`¡d VÎdVmo ko`mo h[aa² "^º²$`o...'{V dmŠ`V…&&
Zm‘m{n VmÑJ² JJm}ŠVo… VWm kmZo {h VË’$b‘²&&3&&
248
 VWm{h ""^ŠË`m ‘m‘² A{^OmZm{V `mdmZ² `íMmpñ‘ VÎdV… VVmo ‘m§
VÎdVmo kmËdm {deVo VXZÝVa‘²'' (^J.JrVm.18&55) B{V JrVm`m§ ^JdVm
^ŠË`m ñdm{^kmZ‘² CŠV‘². EH$mXeñH$ÝYo M ""`mdmZ² `íMmpñ‘ `mÑe…''
(^mJ.nwam.11&11&33) B{V. A{^kmZÄM eãXVmo AW©V… M B{V C^`Vmo
ko`‘².nm.^o.2 VÌm{n "`mdmZ²'BË`m{XnXÛ`oZnm.^o.3 n[a‘mUñdê$nàH$mam… CŠVm….nm.^o.4
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^º²$`m OmZm{V. VVmo ^º²$`m eãXmWm©ä`m§ ‘m§ VÎdVmo AZmamo{nVmZmJÝVwH$ê$noU
kmËdm VXZÝVa§ {deVo . `Wm{YH$ma§ brbm`m§ ñdê$no dm à{de{V.
{ZË`brbmÝV…nmVr ^d{V, gm`wÁ`§ dm àmßZmo{V B{V AW©… gånÚVo. VWm
JJm©Mm`}Um{n ""~hÿ{Z gpÝV Zm‘m{Z ê$nm{U M gwVñ` Vo JwUH$‘m©Zwê$nm{U
Vm{Z Ah§ doX Zmo OZm…'' (^mJ.nwam.10&8&15) BË`ZoZ ^JdVmo ~hÿZm§ gVm‘od
ê$nmUm§ ZmåZm§ M gmYmaUOZdoXZm{df`Ëd-ñddoXZ{df`Ëd`mo… H$WZmV² Vofm§
~hÿZm§ gÎd§ ñdgÑedoXZ{df`Ëd§ M ñ’w$Q>rH¥$V‘². VËgÑemíM ^º²$`m
eãXmW©{dMmanyd©H§$ ñdê$nkmVmaEd àH$aUdemX² AdJÝVì`m….
VÌ {dMmamH$mañVw Ed§ ~moÕç… :
(eãXVmo ^JdVmo `WmW©kmZ‘²)
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ê$nmUm‘od {ZË`ËdmX², ""`X² EH$‘² Aì`ŠV‘² AZÝVê$n‘²'' (‘hmZm.Cn.1&5)
B{V lwË`m VW¡d {gÕËdmX², ~«÷U… eãX¡H$g‘{YJå`ËdmV². AmZÝË`ÄM AÌ
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AZwŠV{gÕËdoZ AZwdmXàg§JmV², ""gË`§ kmZ‘² AZÝV§ ~«÷'' (V¡{Îm.Cn.2&1)
B{V "AZÝV'lw{V{damoYmnÎmo… M. Z¥qghh§gm{Xfw ñdoÀN>m‘mÌoU¡d àmH$Q²>çmX²
OrdmÑï>OÝ`Ëdm^mdoZ gXm EH$ê$nËdmV² H$mbn[aÀN>oÚËdê$n-d¡{eï>çm^mdoZ
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VX^md…* B{V e§Š`§, VËH¥$V{deofm^mdo d¡{eï²>ç‘mÌñ` An[aÀN>oXH$ËdmV².
AÝ`Wm AmH$mem{Xîd{n VXmnÎmo…. VWm ""gd} {Z‘ofm… O{kao {dÚwV…
nwéfmX{Y'' (‘hmZm.Cn.1&8) ""`mo@`§ H$mb… Vñ` Vo Aì`ŠV~ÝYmo… Moï>m‘²
249
Amhþ… Moï>Vo `oZ {díd‘²'' (^mJ.nwam.10&3&26) """H$mb'g§km§ VXm X¡dt
{~^« V ² epŠV‘² CéH« $ ‘…'' ( . & ) BË`m{Xlw { Vñ‘¥ { V{^… H$mbñ`
^JdËn[aÀN>oÚËdoZ Z ^JdÐÿnofw VËn[aÀN>oÚËd‘².
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ÀN>Úo Ëd§* e§Š`§, VmÑeXe©Zñ` ^Jd{XÀN>mhoVwH$ËdoZ d`mohoVwH$Ëdm^mdmV². ZM
AÌ ‘mZm^mdmo, ‘¥ËñZm^jUO¥å^m{Xbrbmgw d`…n[aÀN>oXH$ñ` Á`mo{VíMH«$mXo…
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ñdßZ EVX² CV Xod‘m`m, qH$dm ‘Xr`mo ~V ~w{Õ‘mohmo, AWmo A‘wî`¡d
‘‘m‘© H $ñ` `… H$íMZ Am¡ Ë n{ÎmH$… AmË‘`mo J mo , AWmo `WmdX² Z
{dVH©$JmoMa§ MoVmo‘Z…àmUdMmo{^… AÄOgm `Xml`§ `oZ `V… àVr`Vo
gw X w { d© ^ mì`§ àUVmpñ‘ VËnX‘² ' ' (^mJ.nw a m.10&8&40-41) B{V
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B{V {gÕç{V.
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nydm}ŠVJrVmdmŠ`mV² M Ed§ eãXV….
(AW©Vmo ^JdVmo `WmW©kmZ‘²)
AW AW© V mo {dMmamo : ^JdVm ñdëno Z m{n ê$no U , ny V Zm‘maU-
eH$Q>^§Jm{Xê$n-{H«$`mH$aUmV² VmÑegm‘Ï`ª gd©Xm ^Jd{V `Ú{n dV©Vo VWm{n
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250
AmË‘mnhm[aUm'' (‘hm^m.255&4) B{V XmofldUmV². Vñ‘mV² à‘o`§nm.^o.5 ê$n‘od
VmÑe‘² B{V ‘ÝVì`‘². B{V AW©Vmo `mdÎdm{^kmZ‘².
(ñdê$nVmo ^JdVmo `WmW©kmZ‘²)
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ñd`‘² ' ' (^mJ.nw a m.1&3&28) BË`m{XdmŠ`¡ … àgÝZñ` Xe© Z o Z M
gpÀMXmZÝXmË‘H$ËdoZ ""nam Añ` epŠV…'' (ídoVm.Cn.6&8) BË`m{Xlw{V{^…
ñdê$n-gmYZ-{déÕ-brbm{^… M gd©gm‘Ï`©g`§ Vw ËdoZ M `mdÎdm{^kmZ‘².nm.^o.6
(àH$maVmo ^JdVmo `WmW©kmZ‘²)
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(^JdVBd VÐÿnJwUH$‘©ZmåZm§ {ZË`Ëd‘²)
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gå~ÝYmo@{n {ZË`JwU{H«$`m{d{eï>ofw {ZË`ofw Vofw-Vofw ê$nofw {dMm[aVmo ^d{V.
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M Z b^oV. Ed§ ê$nmUm‘{n H$mbn[aUm‘oZ à{VjU‘² AÝ`^mdo AÝ`pñ‘Z²
gå~Õ… gZ² "KQ>'eãX… "nQ>‘²'Bd H$mbn[aUV§ ê$nmÝVa§ Z dXoV². VWm g{V
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M {ZË`Ëd‘od.
(^JdVmo Zm‘ê$n`moñVw Aml`ml{`^mdgå~ÝYmo@{n)
251
{H$ÄM EV`mo… Zm‘ê$n`mo… Z dmÀ`dmMH$^mdEd gå~ÝY… {H$ÝVw
Aml`ml{`^mdmo @ {n. ""AWm© l `Ëd§ eãXñ` Ñï>qbJËd‘o d M''
(^mJ.nwam.3&26&33) B{V V¥Vr`ñH$ÝYo AWm©l`Ëdñ` eãXbjUËdoZ CŠVËdmX².
ÛmXeñH$ÝYo M ""VVmo A^yV² {Ìd¥X² ›H$ma…'' (^mJ.nwam.12&6&39) B{V
›H$ma§ àH¥ $ Ë` ""`ÎmX² qbJ§ ^JdVmo ~« ÷ U… na‘mË‘Z…''
(^mJ.nwam.12&6&39) B{V ›H$mañ` ^Jdpëb§JearaËdoZ CŠVV`m VX²{dH¥$VrZm§
dU©nXmXrZm‘{n dmÀ`ñdê$nmYmaV`m Am¡{MË`mV² M. AVmo bm¡{H$Ho$ ~mYmX²
d¡{XH$ñ` Am{YX¡{dH$ñ`¡d AW©ñ` doXm{XeãXoîdod M VWmËd‘². AVEd ZmåZm‘{n
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(^JdÝZm‘KQ>H$mZm§ dUm©Zm‘² A{ZË`Vm`m… {Zamg…)
*
ZM ZmåZm§ dUm©Ë‘H$ËdoZ VofmÄM CËn{ÎmZmeàVrË`m ZídaËdoZ
1.""N>{ÌUmo `mpÝV'' B{V CŠVo amkm gh JÀN>Vm§ N>{ÌUm‘² AN>{ÌUm‘{n
J‘Z§ gyÀ`Vo VX²dV² (^wdZoebm¡{H$H$Ý`m`gmhòr.670).
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dm`w{df`ËdoZ VX§eo ^«‘ËdmV². ZM *àË`{^km`m… gOmVr`{df`ËdoZ VÎmm§eEd
^«‘Ëd§* e§Š`§, {ÌjUmdñWm{`Ëdo drMrVa§JdX² CËnÚ‘mZñ` AÝ`mÝ`V`m
kmVgå~ÝYnwéfmoÀMm[aVñ` AW©dV… eãXñ` Zï>V`m, AZW©H$mV² VËgÝVmZmV²
epŠVJ«hemãX~moY`mo… AZwX`àg§JmV². ZM *gmÑí`mV² VXwX`…* B{V e§Š`‘²,
AmewVa{dZm{eËdoZ gmÑí`J«hñ`¡d Xm¡b©ä`mV². AV… epŠVJ«hm{Xê$nH$m`m©ZwamoYoZ
àË`{^km`m… VÝ‘mÌ{df`Ëd§ O¡{‘Zr`moŠVarË`m {ZíMo`‘².
(VW¡d ^JdÝZm‘mË‘H$mZm§ nXmZm‘{n A{ZË`Vm`m… {Zamg…)
VW¡d nX{df{`Ê`m 1A{n; AV… Vofm‘{n {ZË`Ëd‘². ZM *nXmZm§
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e§Š`§, {gÕo {ZË`Ëdo "K'kmZmoÎma"Q>'kmZ{df`Ëdm{Xê$nV`m VX~mYmV². ZM
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VWm{n "JmodY©ZYaU'-"JmodÕ©ZmoÕaUYra'-"JmodÕ©ZYmar'Ë`m{X-nXmZw-
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e§Š`§, `Wmgå^d§ H«$‘Ý`yZm{V[aŠVËd¡… VÌ nXmZm§ {^ÝZmZm‘od BÀN>`m
252
CÀMmaU{df`ËdmV². *ZZw àH¥${VàË``-{d^mJmZwemgZmX² A{ZË`Ëd‘od* B{V
MoV² Z, Vñ` ì`wËn{Îm‘mÌmW©ËdmV². ì`mH$aUo Aì`wËn{Îmnjñ`¡d {gÕmÝVËdoZ
A§JrH$mamV². AV… Vofm‘{n {ZË`Ëd‘² Aà{Vjoß`‘od. VVíM nXmZm‘{n AIÊS>Ëd§,
Vofm§ Ho$dbdU©gÑemd`dËdoZ dU©K{Q>VËdm^mdmV². VmÑemd`d{d{eï>mZm‘od
{ZË`ËdmV². AV… ""gEf Ordmo {ddaàgy{V…'' (^mJ.nwam.11&12&17) B{V
EH$mXeñH$ÝYmoŠVarË`m eãX~«÷mË‘H$Ëd‘od.
({ZJ©{bVmW©…)
Ed§ g{V ^ŠË`m {dMmanyd©H§$ ZmåZm§ VXW©ñ` àH$mamXo… M ñdê$n§ kmËdm
`Xm CÀMmaU§ {H«$`Vo VXm Vm{Z VmÑe‘² AWª ~moY`pÝV ’$b§ XX{V. AÝ`WmVw
Vm{Z {ZaW©H$m{Z AW©‘² AàË`mn`pÝV ’$bXmVw… ^JdV…
1.nX{df{`Ê`mA{n àË`{^km`m…, AV… Vofm‘{n nXmZm§ {ZË`Ëd‘² B{V
AW©… (Jmo.í`m.‘.).
gå~ÝYam{hË`mV² Z ’$bpÝV. ""’$b‘² AV… CnnÎmo…'' (~«÷. gyÌ.3&2&38)
B{V Ý`m`oZ ’$bñ` ^JdXoH$gmÜ`ËdmV².
(bm¡{H$H$nwéfg§d{bVmZm§ ^JdÝZm‘Ëdm^md…)
bm¡{H$H$nwéfo g§Ho${VVm{ZVw ^JdÝZm‘mÝ`od Z ^dpÝV, AW©^oXoZ nX^oXñ`
dmŠ`m{YH$aUo {gÕËdmV², Vofm§ "{S>ËW'-"H${nËWm'{XdV² nwéf~w{ÕH$pënVËdmV²
M; {H$ÝVw, VËgÑe§ nXmÝVa‘². AV… "KQ>m'{XnXdV² Vñ` nXmÝVaËdmX² XyamnmñVm
VV… ’$b{g{Õ….
ZM *dUm©Zwnydu^oXm^mdmV² nX¡Š`‘²* B{V e§Š`§, {gÕo ñdê$n^oXo
AmZwnyì`©^oXñ` Aà`moOH$ËdmV². AV… VÌ àË`{^km`m… gOmVr`{df`Ëd‘od,
VÎmX²-dU©kmZmoÎma-VÎmX²-dU©kmZ-{df`Ëd-ê$n-gmYå`©ñ` VÌm{n gÎdmV². *ZZw
`Wm {nVm‘hZm‘ {gÕ‘od nm¡Ìo {Y«`Vo VWm ^JdÝZm‘ bm¡{H$Ho$ nwéfB{V AIÊS>ñ`
nXñ`¡d VÌ g§Ho${VËdoZ "{S>ËWm'{XdV² H$pënVËdm^mdmV² H$W§ nX^oX…?* B{V
MoV² Z, bm¡{H$H$mbm¡{H$H$^oXmX² B{V dXm‘…. ZM AÌ ‘mZm^md…, EH$mXeo
253
""gEf Ord…'' (^mJ.nwam. 11&12&17) BË`Ì ZmXñ`¡d ‘mÌm{Xê$nËd‘² CŠËdm
VmÑed¡Iarê$nñ` doXñ` ""‘o ì`pŠV[a`§ {h dmUr'' (^mJ.nwam.11&12&18)
BqV ñdì`pŠVê$nËd‘² Cn{Xí` ""Ed§ J{X…'' (^mJ.nwam.11&12&19) BË`ZoZ
bm¡{H$H$dmÊ`m§ ñdì`pŠVËdñ` ^JdVm A{V{Xï>V`m V`mo… ^oXñ` ~moYZmV². Z{h
CnXo e m{VXo e `mo … CÔo í `¡ Š `§ , àH¥ $ {V{dH¥ $ {V^mdñ` OmJê$H$ËdmV² . ZM
*
bmoH$doXm{YH$aUo bm¡{H$H$d¡{XH$-nXdU©`mo… ^oXmZ§JrH$mamV² Z BX§ gmåàV‘²*
B{V dmÀ`§, O¡{‘{ZZm AmH¥$Ë`{YH$aUñ`¡d àUrVËdoZ VXZwŠVñ` dU©H$mÝVaê$nñ`
bmoH$doXm{YH$aUñ` dm{V©H$H$maH$pënVËdoZ Aàm‘m{UH$ËdmV². ZM *^JdÝZmåZm§
doXmoŠVËdm^mdoZ bm¡{H$H$Ëd§* e§Š`§, nwamU{gÕËdmV². ""B{VhmgnwamU§ doXmZm§
nÄM‘§ doX‘²'' (N>mÝXmo.Cn.7&1&2) B{V lwË`m Vñ`m{n doXËdmV². AVmo
^JdÝZm‘m{Z eãX~«÷ê$nm{U, bmoHo$ g§Ho${VVm{ZVw VX²{^ÝZm{Z B{V {ZíMo`‘².
(~mh²`mä`ÝVaà`ËZVm¡ë`o@{n bm¡{H$H$mbm¡{H$H$Zm‘moÀMmaU`mo…
^oX{Z`m‘H$ñ` {ZênU‘²)
*
ZZw AñVw ^oX… VWm{n CÀMmaUà`ËZVm¡ë`mV² H$W§ bm¡{H$Ho$ dmÀ`o bm¡{H$H$‘od
‘wIVmo {ZJ©ÀN>{V Abm¡{H$Ho$ M Abm¡{H$H$‘² B{V {d^mJ…* B{V MoV², eãXñ`
ní`ÝË`dñWm`m§ VËà`moOH$~w{Õ^oXmX² B{V ~«y‘…. VÎmXZwgÝYmZoZ VWm CÀMmaUmX²
B{V. ZM *Ed§ g{V ""gm§Ho$Ë`m{X'' (^mJ.nwam.6&2&14) dmŠ`d¡`Ï`©‘²* B{V
e§Š`‘², B©Ñe§ ^JdÝZm‘ `Ëgê$n§nm.^o.7 eãXmÝVa‘{n VX²dŠV¦Um‘² AK§ haVr{V
Zm‘‘mhmËå`~moYZmW©ËdoZ AàdV©‘mZàdV©ZmW©ËdoZ M VX^mdmV².1 AVEd nwÌo
g§Ho${VVñ`m{n "Zmam`U'ZmåZ… CnMm[aVËd‘² CŠV‘². AÝ`Wm g§Ho${VVñ`
dmMH$ËdoZ VÛmÀ`o ~mbo fS²>{dYñ`m{n gmÑí`ñ` A^mdoZ CnMm[aV‘² B{V Z
dXoV². EdÝVw ""nwÌoU Zm‘gmê$ß`ê$n… CnMma… gÄOmV… Añ` ZmåZ… B{V
nwÌmonMm[aV‘²'' B{V g§JÀN>V.o ZM *OrdmË‘Ý`{n MoVZËdm{Xê$n-~«÷gmê$ß`ñ`
gmOmË`ñ` dm {dÚ‘mZËdmV² VVEd ZmåZ… CnMm[aVËd§* e§Š`§, VWm g{V
g§Ho${VVmZm§ ^JdÝZmåZm‘² AdmMH$ËdmnÎ`m "gm§Ho$Ë`'nX{damoYmnÎmo…. AV…
C^`gm‘ÄOñ`mW©‘² Ed‘od ñdrH$m`©‘² B{V {ZíM`…. AVmo@{n bm¡{H$H$mbm¡{H$H$`mo…
ZmåZmo… ^oXEd {gÕB{V VWm CÀMmaUo AOm{‘bñ`m{n Z VXmZr‘od ‘wpŠV…
BË`{n `wÁ`Vo.
254
 (^JdÝZm‘ñdê$n`mo…`WmdÁkmZm^mdo@{n ghòZm‘m{XnmR>’$blw{V-
ì`m»`m)
*
ZZw AñVw Ed§ VWm{n gd}fm‘² EdåàH$maoU ^JdËñdê$n-Zm‘ñdê$n`mo…
kmZm^mdo@{n `ËghòZm‘m{XnmR>’$b‘² AZw^y`Vo VV² H$W‘²* B{V MoX², CÀ`Vo :
Z{h VËnmR>m{XZm{n VXmZr‘od ’$b§ `Wm"Jmo{dÝX' B{V nmÄMmë`m… H«$moeZ‘mÌoU
MranyaU§, `WmM JOoÝÐñ` VXmZr‘od CÕma…, àôbmXñ` M Šboe{Zd¥{Îm… {H$ÝVw
`WmH$WpÄMV² H$mbmÝVao. AV… VÌm{n nwéfkmZVmaVå`‘²
1.d¡`Ï`m©^mdmX² B{V AW©… (Jmo.í`m.‘.).
Adí`‘² AZwgÝYo`§ Ñï>emñÌ`mo… AZwamoYmV².
(`WmdÁkmZVmaVå`mV² ’$bVmaËå`ì`dñWm)
Ed§ g{V `ñ` CŠVarË`m `WmdX² kmZ§ Vñ` gH¥$X² CÀMmaUoZ¡d ’$b‘²,
AW©ñ` eãXm{lVËdoZ VXmZr‘od AZm{d^y©` Am{d^y©` dm XmZmV². `ñ` VV…
{H$pÄMX² A§eoZ Ý`yZ§, Vñ` ZmåZm {MÎmewqÕ gånmÚ {H$pÄMX² {dbå~oZ. `ñ`
VVmo@{n Ý`yZ§ Vñ` Zm‘mdV©ZoZ Am{YX¡{dH$moX²~moYo VVmo@{n {dbå~oZ. `ofmÄM Z
{MÎmew{Õ… Vofm§ ’$bm^mdmo Xmofgå~ÝYm{Zd¥{Îm… M.
ZM *H$mbm{XZ¡d g…* B{V dmÀ`§, ""Z¡fm§ d`§ ZM d`§ à^dm‘ XÊSo>''
(^mJ.nwam.6&3&27) B{V `‘dmŠ`o Vofm§ VÌ Agm‘Ï`©~moYZ{damoYmV². AVmo
AkmZoZ¡d {dbå~m{X… B{V {ZíM`…. Ed§ g{V `Wm {ZH$Q>ñW… Cnm§eyÀMmaUo
lwËdm Am`m{V, ‘Ü`ñW… VmamoÀMmaUo, XyadVuVw A{VVmamoÀMmaUo AgH¥$X² CÀMmaUo
M VÛV² . `Ú{n ^JdmZ² ì`mnH$… VWm{n ""ö{XñWmo @ ß`{VXy a ñW…
H$‘©{d{jßVMoVgm‘²'' (^mJ.nwam. 10&86&47) ""{dXyaH$mð>m` ‘whþ…
Hw$`mo{JZm‘²'' (^mJ.nwam.2&4&14) BË`m{XdmŠ`¡… ""Z V§ {dXmW ` B‘m OOmZ
AÝ`X² `wî‘mH$‘² AÝVa§ ^dm{V'' (F$Šg§{h.10&82&7) BË`m{XlwË`m M AkmZoZ
ì`dYmZmX² ^JdVmo XyaËd‘{n dV©VB{V `Wm-`Wm VpÝZd¥{Îm… VWm-VWm Z¡H$Q²>瑲
B{V. VÀM A{Ve{`V§ ^ŠË`¡do{V nydm}ŠVo AW} Z {H$pÄMX² AZwnnÝZ‘².
255
(A{YH$m[aVmaVå`ì`dñWm~moYZmWª fð>ñH$ÝXr`mdñWmH«$‘…)
AW A{YH$m[a-VmaVå`m{X-~moYZmWª fð>ñH$ÝY{gÕmdñWm àXí`©Vo. VWm{h
: VÌ Amaå^o amkm bmoH$mZm§ ZaH$J‘Zm^mdm` Cnm`o n¥ï>o lrewH¡$… nydª H$‘©ê$n§
àm`píMÎm‘² CŠV‘². VVmo amkm Vñ` "Hw$ÄOaem¡M'Ý`m`oZ1
1.""ñZmVmo@{n JO… ewÊS>`m {ZOerf©n¥ð>mon[a Yyqb {jn{V'' B{V
(^wdZoebm¡{H$H$Ý`m`gmhòr : 894).
d¡`Ï`} ~mo{YVo H$‘©ê$nàm`píMÎmñ` A{dÛX{YH$maH$Ëd§ ~moY{`Ëdm, VV… CËH¥$ï>§
XohmË‘^oXmbmoMZmË‘H§$ {d‘e©Z§ ^JdX²^pŠV… M B{V Û`‘² CŠV§, VÌ
""ZmíZV…...'' (^mJ.nwam.6&1&12) BË`m{XíbmoH$Ì`oU AmÚ‘². ""Ho${MX²...''
(^mJ.nwam.6&1&15) BË`m{X{^… nÄM{^… {ÛVr`‘². VVmo {ÛVr`XmT²>çm©`
AOm{‘bmonm»`mZ§ {ed^ŠVmJñË`moŠV‘² CŠVdmZ².
VÌ àW‘o nÏ`-^moOZ-Ñï>mÝV-nyd©H§$ ""Ed§ {Z`‘H¥$X² amOZ² eZ¡… jo‘m`
H$ënVo'' (^mJ.nwam.6&1&12) B{V H$WZoZ A{J«‘íbmoHo$ Vn…à^¥VrZm§ VX§JmZm§
M H$WZoZ VËg‘J«m§JY‘©kñ` lÕmbmo… H$Vw©… ~hþH$mboZ Zme`{V. VÌm{n
""doUwJwë‘{‘d AZb…'' (^mJ.nwam. 6&1&14) B{V Ap½ZÑï>mÝVoZ gmdeof‘od
Zme`{V, doUwJwë‘ñ` Xmho ‘ybñ` ^y‘m¡ Xe©ZmX² dpôZ{Zd¥Îmm¡ nwZ… àamohXe©ZmV²
M.
{ÛVr`o V w ""AK§ Yw Ý dpÝV H$mËñ³`} Z Zrhma{‘d ^mñH$a…''
(^mJ.nwam.6&1&15) B{V gy`Ñ© ï>mÝVoZ {ZadeofZmeH$Ëd‘². VV…""Z VWm h²`Kdm,
amOZ², ny`oV VnAm{X{^… `Wm H¥$îUm{n©VàmU… VËnyéf{Zfod`m''
(^mJ.nwam.6&1&16) B{V íbmoH$o "H¥$îUm{n©VàmU…' B{V H$V¥{© deofUoZ na‘ñZohmË‘H§$
^pŠVñdê$n‘². VVmo AJ«o ""àm`píMÎmm{Z MrUm©{Z'' (^mJ.nwam.6&1&18)
BË`ZoZ ^Jd{Û‘wI§ Z {ZînwZÝVr{V ^Jd{Û‘wImEd M A{dÛm§g… B{V ~moY{`Ëdm
""gH¥$Z² ‘Z… H¥$îUnXma{dÝX`mo…'' (^mJ.nwam.6&1&19) BË`ZoZ gH¥$V² H¥$Vm`m…
ñdënm`m… Ho$dbm`mA{n ^ŠVo… {Z…eofnmnZmeH$Ëd§ ~moY{`Vw§ `‘mÚXe©Z‘² Cº$‰m
VWmËdXmT>çm©` AOm{‘bo{Vhmg… CŠV….
256
 (A{YH$m[aVmaVå`‘²)
VoZ ldUm{Xê$n^ŠË`m gdm©Ë‘Zm nmnZme… H¥$îUm{n©VàmUmZm‘od, VmÑem§
nmngå^dñVw ñdY‘©H$aUñ` CËH$f©^mdZmê$nmX² XmofmV². Ed‘od ""ñdnmX‘yb§
^OV…'' (^mJ.nwam.11&2&42) BË`Ìm{n ~moÕ瑲.
`o nwZ… ^ŠVo… ghH$m[aËd§ kmËdm H$‘©{U dm kmZo dm nmnZmeZm` à`VÝVo
VmÑem§ Vmä`m§ gmdeof… nmnj`….
`o nwZ… ghH$m[aËd‘{n ^ŠVo… Z ‘Ý`ÝVo Vofw Ho$dbH${‘©Um§ àm`píMV§
Hw$ÄOaem¡MdX² AnmW©‘².
B{V lr‘Ûëb^ZÝXZMaU¡H$VmZ-lrnrVmå~amË‘O-
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5.A‘o`‘² B{V ‘w . 6. `Îdm{^‘mZ‘² B{V ‘w . 7. ñdê$n‘² B{V J L> M. ‘w I
K ‘mV¥H$mgw `Ëgê$no B{V.

`o nw Z … VmÑem… Ho $ dbkm{ZZ… ""`o @ Ý`o @ a{dÝXmj...''

(^mJ.nwam.10&2&32) BË`m{Xfw CŠVm… Vofm§ Ho$dbkmZoZ gm§JoZ eZ¡… nmnZmeo@{n
AnÏ`meZoZ amoJñ`od {H$pÄMX² AÝ`WmH$aUoZ nmn‘ybñ` gV… nwZ… àamoh….

(^ŠË`¡d CÀMmaUo ZmåZm§ ^JdÝZm‘Ëd‘mhmËå`‘² B{V {ZîH$f©…)

VoZ ^ŠVmZm‘od Zm‘moÀMmaUoZ ldUm{X{^… M {Zíeofnmnj`…. VÌm{n
""VËnyéf{Zfod`m'' (^mJ.nwam.6&1&16) B{V Ûmañ` ghH$m[aUmo dm H$WZmX²
`o f m‘² AOm{‘bm{XgÑem§ à{V~ÝYH$~mhþ ë `§ Vo f m§ gËg§ J ê$nÛmam{XZm
{ZadeofnmnZmemo Zm‘moÀMmaUm{XZm B{V. VoZ AmYw{ZH$mZm§ ^ŠVg§Jo g{V `Wm-
`Wm {dídmgXmT>çª VWm-VWm erK«§ Zm‘’$b§, ZmoMoX² {dbå~oZ B{V. `ofmÄM Z
{dídmg… VofmÝVw Z B{V. VoZ gm§Ho$Ë`m{XZm{n Zm‘J«hU§ àZmS²>çm Xya{dàH$f}U
H$WpÄMV² nmnZmeH${‘{V, VÛmŠ`‘{n Ed‘² Cng§haUr`‘² B{Vhmg~bmV². AVmo
Z Bh H$mo@{n Šdm{n {damoY… B{V ^JdÝZmåZm§ Zm‘Ëd§ ^º²$`¡d àH$Q>r^d{V B{V
{gÕ‘².

BËW§ gw~mo{YZrVmo {dÛÝ‘ÊS>Z{Z~ÝYmä`m‘²&&

{d{XVmo Zm‘’$bmXo… àH$ma CŠVmo@{YH$mar M&&4&&

257 258

Ÿ&&ŸAŸdŸVmŸaŸdmŸXmŸdŸë`m§Ÿ&&
Ûmqde{VV_mo
Ÿ&&Ÿ"O`-lrH¥$îUmo'ÀMmaUdmX…Ÿ&&
lrdëb^mMm`©eaUmJVm… {VbH$_m{bH$m…Ÿ&&
ŸXYmZ… lrH¥$îUO`dXV… àU_må`h_²Ÿ&&1Ÿ&&
(Ÿnydn© j…Ÿ)
(Ÿgd©dU}fw gd}fm§ g_§ `X{^dmXZ_²Ÿ&&
ŸdUm©l_gXmMma{dJôçª ZmZw_Ý`VoŸ&&2Ÿ&&
ŸAÝ`ofw gåàXm`ofw d¡îUdoîd{n Ho$fw{MV²Ÿ&&
ŸZ¡Vmѽì`dhmam{Õ {Z`_mo@`§ d¥Wm _V…Ÿ&&3Ÿ&&Ÿ)
*
ŸZZw H$mo@`§ "O` lrH¥$îU…Ÿ!' B{V ì`dhma…Ÿ*Ÿ? B{V MoV²Ÿ, lwUwŸ!
(ŸCÎmanj…Ÿ)
(Ÿ^ŠVmZm§ ì`dhmamo@`§ {gÕmo ^mJdVmX{nŸ&&
^ŠV¡… gh gXm nmë`mo Z{h Xohm{^_m{Z{^…Ÿ&&4Ÿ&&
lrH¥$îUO`H$må`mVw ñdr`gå_mZZ§ _hV²Ÿ&&
`ofm{_h¡d H$moníMoV² Zm{^dÝÚmñVw Vo na_²Ÿ&&5Ÿ&&Ÿ)
""e¥ÊdV… lÕ`m {ZË`§ J¥UÝVíM ñdMo{ï>V_²Ÿ&
H$mboZ Zm{VXrK}Z ^JdmZ² {deVo ö{XŸ&&
à{dï>… H$U©aÝY«oU ñdmZm§ ^mdgamoéh_²Ÿ&
YwZmo{V e_b§ H¥$îU… g{bbñ` `Wm eaV²Ÿ&&''
(Ÿ^mJ.nwam.2Ÿ&7Ÿ&53Ÿ).
259
B{V {ÛVr`ñH$ÝYdmŠ`mV² VmÑeñ` ö{X {deofoU ^JdpËñWVo… d¡îUdmZm§
nañna§ "O` lrH¥$îU…!' B{V dUm}ÀMZrMVm_² Cëb§¿`m{n (Ÿnmañn[aH$mo
A{^dmXZàË`{^dmXZŸ)ì`dhmamo Z Xmofm`.
""àË`wÒ_àl`Um{^dmXZ_²
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(Ÿ^mJ.nwam.4Ÿ&3Ÿ&22Ÿ)
B{V MVwW©ñH$ÝYo gVt à{V {eddmŠ`oZ VWm {ZíM`mV². `Ú{n AmYw{ZH$mZm§
Z Edå^md…, VWm{n {dÛX²ì`dhmanaånam àmßVËdoZ BXmZr_{n AXwï>ËdmV².
`{Vfw "›ŸZ_mo Zmam`Um`Ÿ!' BË`m{XdV². `íM ñd`§ dUm©l_mÚ{^_mZr Ed§H$aUo
d¡îUdofw Hw$ß`{V, gVw d¡îUd¡a{n ñdñ` Vñ` M Xohm{^_m{ZVm_² AmXm` Z_Zr`Ed,
ZVw {déÕdmp½^… H$monZr`….
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gd©Xod_`mo ôçh_²'' (Ÿ^mJ.nwam.10Ÿ&86Ÿ&54Ÿ) B{V lwVXod§ à{V ""{dà§
H¥$VmJg_{n Z¡d ÐwôçV _m_H$m… ¿ZÝV§ ~hþenÝV§ dm Z_ñHw$éV {ZË`emo
`Wmh§ àU_o {dàmZ² AZwH$mb§ g_m{hV… VWm Z_V `y`§ M `mo@Ý`Wm _o g
XÊS>^mH²$'' (Ÿ^mJ.nwam.10Ÿ&65Ÿ&41-42Ÿ) B{V Z¥J_mojUo `XyZ² à{V M
^JdÛmŠ`mV². {dàíM Aä`ñVdoXmo ko`mo ""doXmä`mgmX² ^doX² {dà…'' (Ÿ . Ÿ&
Ÿ& Ÿ) B{V ñ_aUmV². Ed§ê$nVm^mdo@{n `Ì Z_Zm{X VÌm{n ""X¡ì`mo d¡ dUm}
~«m÷Umo Agy`©… eyÐ… B{V'' (ŸV¡{V.~«m÷.1Ÿ&2Ÿ&7Ÿ) B{V lwË`m VX² C{MVVa_²
CËH$f©ñ` VÌ gÎdmV². `Ì dU©Ëdñ`m{n gÝXoh… VÌ `wJmZwgm[aËdmX{n VWm. `{X
Vñ` ^JdX²Û{o fËd§ VXmVw Z Z_Zr`… ""Amgwa§ nmW©_² _o e¥U'w ' (Ÿ^J.JrVm.16Ÿ&6Ÿ)
B{V CnH« $ å` ""_m_² AmË_naXo h o f w à{ÛfÝVmo Aä`gy ` H$m…''
(Ÿ^J.JrVm.16Ÿ&18Ÿ) B{V ^JdX²dmŠ`oZ Vñ` AmgwaËd{ZíM`mV². Ed§ pñWVm¡
gË`m_{n `X² AÝ`WmH$aU§ VX² ^«mpÝVH$pënVËdmX² Cnoú`_² B{V {XH²$.
260
 (ŸbbmQ>o VyÜd©nwÊS´>§ d¡ H$ÊR>o Vwb{g_m{bH$m_²Ÿ&&
&&AdVmadmXmdë`m§&&
Ì`moqde{VV‘…
Ÿ_wIoVw "O` lrH¥$îUŸ! BË`od§ ôç{^dmXZ_²Ÿ1Ÿ&&6Ÿ&&
&&ñdd¥{ÎmdmX…&&
ŸXYmZmo d¡îUdmZ² dÝXo lr_XmMm`©g§{lVmZ²Ÿ&&
Ÿ~w{ÛàmUdMmo{^ñVw lrH¥$îU¡H$namZ² gXmŸ&&7Ÿ&&Ÿ)
&&lrH¥$îUm` Z‘…&&
&&lr‘XmMm`©MaUH$‘boä`mo Z‘…&&
B{V lr_Ûëb^ZÝXZMaU¡H$VmZ-lrnrVmå~amË_O-lrnwéfmoÎm_-
{da{MVmo Ûmqde{VV_mo "O`-lrH¥$îUmo'ÀMmaUdmX…
&&ñdd¥{ÎmdmXàH$m{eH$m&&
gånyU©…

dmJW©ê$nm¡ amOoVo J«ÝWH¥$îUm¡ {h `Ý‘wIo&&

dŠVma§ V§ {d^w§ dÝXo VX²dmJWm}nbãY`o&&1&&
ñdd¥{ÎmdmXo nwéfmoÎm‘¡ñVw
àgº²$`^mdmÝZ nwam {d‘¥ï>m…&&
XmofmñVw d¥Îmmd{^^md`ÝVmo
~hÿZ² àgŠVmZ² {d‘¥emå`Vmo@h‘²&&2&&
{d{MÌm ^Jdëbrbm lr‘XmMm`©d§eOm…&&
A{n ñdY‘ª Xwh²`pÝV hÝV H$m‘mW©hoVdo&&3&&
1.VX² CŠV§ ñH$mÝXo ""ñ\w$Q>_YwanX§ {h H§$ghÝVw… H$bwf_wf§ ew^Zm_ M
Am_ZÝVmo "O` O`'n[aKmofUm§ aQ>ÝV… {H$_w {d^dm… Ibw d¡îUdm… A{YH$maÀ`w{VñVofm§ ‘mJ©XrjmonXoe`mo…&&
à{gÕm…'' (ŸñH$.nw.2Ÿd¡.CËH$.I§.11Ÿ&113Ÿ) B{V, """O` H¥$îUŸ! O` H¥$îUŸ! d¥{ÎmXmofmX² dMmoÐmohmX² AmMm`©ËdmV² nVpÝV Vo&&4&&
O` H¥$îUŸ!' B{V `mo dXoX²'' (ŸñH$.nw.2Ÿd¡.CËH$.I§.33Ÿ&71Ÿ) B{V M ^JdVmo
OJÝZmWñ` `mÌmgm_{`H$Kmof{Zê$nUo (ŸJmo.í`m._.Ÿ). *
ZZw H$mdoVm¡ d¥{ÎmXmofdMmoÐmohm¡ `m¡ {ZOmMm`©de§ OmZm‘{n ñd‘mJu`XrjmonXoe`mo…
AmMm`©Ëdm{YH$maÀ`w{VH$maH$m¡?

{H$ÄM ""VX^mdo ñd`§ dm{n ‘y{Vª H¥$Ëdm hao… Šd{MV² n[aM`mª gXm
Hw$`m©X'² ' (V.Xr.{Z.2&228) BË`ñ`m… H$m[aH$m`m… AdVa{UH$mì`m»`mZo ""H$bo…
~{bð>ËdoZ A{J«‘fo w JwébjUm^md‘² AmbmoÀ` ñdpñ‘ÝZod EVÝ‘mJu`JwéËd§

261 262
{Z`ÀN>ÝV… Amhþ…'' (V.Xr.{Z.Amd.2&228) B{V nwéfmoÎm‘¡… CŠVËdoZ A{J«‘ofw
JwéËdñ`¡d A^mdmX² AàgŠVm Ibw B`§ ‘mJ©XrjmonXoe`mo… AmMm`©d§eOmZm‘²
A{YH$maÀ`w{V…. A{YH$mao{h g{V À`w{V… gå^mì`oV Z nwZ… AgË`{n
Vpñ‘Z². g{VM Ed§ ‘mJ©Xrjm, {gÕmÝVmonXoe…, {eî`oä`mo ^JdX²{dJ«hàXmZny{d©H$m
^JdËgodmkm, ñd‘mJm©Z`w m{`OZmonT>m{¡ H$Vñ` Ðì`mXo… J«hU§, Vñ‘¡ ñdmopÀN>ï>àXmZ§,
ñdJmÌmoËgmXZmZwkm, ñdnmXàjmbZmZwkm{Xê$n… gdm}@{n ì`dhmamo JwénXmZwê$nmo
`mo Ñí`Vo gVw ""~mb… g‘mZOÝ‘m dm {eî`mo dm `kH$‘©{U AÜ`mn`Z²
JwégwVmo JwédX² ‘mZ‘² Ah©{V'' (‘Zwñ‘¥.2&208) B{V Ý`m`‘² AZwga{V. Vñ‘mV²
‘ybmMm`©ËdoZ lr‘Ý‘hmà^mdod JwéËd§ V{XVaÌ VÛ§eOofwVw JwéÛmaËd‘od naånamV…
àm‘m{UH§ $ ‘V‘² . VVíM Z VÛ§ e OmZm§ ñdH¥ $ VmH¥ $ V¡ … nw { ï>‘mJ}
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JwénXmo{MVgÝ‘mZZ§ VXZwê$nH$V©ì`{Zdm©h… M VX² JwénwÌËdoZ JwéÛma^yVËdoZ¡d
dm. H$ñ`{MÎmw nw Z … H${bH$mbH$d{bVV`m {Z{fÕH$‘© a Vmd{n
JwéËdm{YH$maam{hË`oZ¡d AàgŠVËdmV² Z VX{YH$maj{V… B{V Ag‘ÄOg{‘d
Am^m{V* B{V MoX²-
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JwéËdm{YH$ma{Zd¥Î`mnmXH$m{Z Z¡H$dMZm{Z ly`ÝVo. VWm{h-
""{MqV M {M{VH$mð>§ M `yn§ MÊS>mb‘od M&
ñn¥ï>dm XodbH§$ M¡d gdmgm Ob‘² Am{deoX²&&''
(~¥h.Zma.nwam.1&26&31).
XodmM©Znamo `ñVw {dÎmmWu dËgaÌ`‘²&
gd¡ "XodbH$mo' Zm‘ hì`H$ì`ofw J{h©V…&&''
(Ðì`ewÕm¡ ñZm.`mo.{Z.{dMm.).
BË`Ì lrnwéfmoÎm‘¡… CXmöVofw emñÌdMZofw. J«ÝWmaå^o@{n `V² À`dZdMZ‘²
CXmöV‘² VÌm{n Ed§ ly`Vo ""ídmZ§ ídnmH§$ àoVYy‘§ XodÐì`monOrdZ‘²''
BË`maä` ""‘hmnmV{H$Z§ ed§ ñn¥ï>² dm gM¡b‘² Aå^mo AdJmh²` CVr`© Ap½Z‘²
263
Cnñn¥í` Jm`Í`ï>eV§ OnoX² K¥V§ àmí` ñZmËdm {Ì… AmMm‘oX²'' (VÌ¡d)
B{V.
Bh ídmZm{X-edmÝVofw ‘Ü`o XodÐì`monOr{dZ… n[aJUZmV² Vñ`m{n
VËñne©g‘mew{ÕOZH$Ëd§ VmdV² ñnï>‘².
VVíM gd© { dYew { Õgmno j mgw XrjmXmZm{X{H« $ `mgw Añn¥ í `V‘mZm§
XodÐì`monOr{dZm§ gd©Wm h²`Z{YH$ma… ’$b{V. {gÕç{VM Vñ‘mX² Aew{Md¥{ÎmXmofUo
{ZOmMm`©d§eOmZm‘{n ñd‘mJu`XrjmXmZm{XH$‘©gw A{YH$manamh{V….
AmMm`©dMmoÐmohñVw AYmo{Z{X©ï>mgw ñdmMm`m}pŠVfw d¥Î`Wª ^JdVmo dm
^JdÝZm‘mË‘H$^mJdVñ` dm Cn`moJ{ZÝX`m H$aVbm‘bH$dV² ñnîQ>Ed.
VWm{h-
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VXm H$mbàdmhñWm Xoh{MÎmmX`mo@{n CV&&
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Z bm¡{H$H$… à^w… H¥$îUmo ‘ZwVo Z¡d bm¡{H$H$‘²&&''
({e.íbmo.1-2).
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MoVñVËàdU§ godm VpËgÕç¡ VZw{dÎmOm&
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AÝ`Wm^md‘² AmnÝZg² Vñ‘mV² ñWmZmÀM Zí`{V&&''
({gÕm.‘wŠVm.1-2,16,20)
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nw § g m H¥ $ Vm M Anam, EVmÑí`m¡ Vo VËgm{YHo $ Z B{V
A{^àm`kmnH§ $ ("VZw { dÎmOm' B{V) g‘ñV§ nX‘² ' '
({g.‘w.{d.2).
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amOgËd§ Hw$d©ÝVr VËàdUËd§ Z H$amo{V. `{XM {dÎm§ doVZËdoZ
264
J¥hrËdm {H«$`Vo, F$pËdOmo `mJdV², ñdñ` VËàdUËdê$n§ ’$b§ Z
gmY`{V. ZM `mJmo `O‘mZñ`od {dÎmXmVw… ’$b{V B{V
e§ Š `§ , VÌ F$pËd½X{jUmdaUm{XdX² AÌ VÔmZmXo …
^pŠV‘mJ} ^JdVm AZwŠVËdmV². AV… VWm Z H$m`ª {H$ÝVw
^JdXwŠVarË`¡d H$m`©‘²'' ({g.‘w.{d.à.2).
""ñdU© n m̧ Xo d Ðì`‘² AmgrV² . `mo { h ‘Xr`… gZ²
XodÐì`mon^moJ§ H$[aî`{V g n{VVmo ^doV² Z "‘Xr`'nXm{^YmZmhm}
Ad{Vð>oV²'' (AmMm`©J¥hr`m… dmVm©….3).
""OrdZo àH$ma‘² Amh "gd©Wm d¥{ÎmhrZ… MoX² EH§$ `m‘§ ham¡
Z`oV² nR>oV² M {Z`‘§ H¥$Ëdm lr^mJdV‘² AmXamV². `m‘‘m̧ godm§
{dYm` níMmX² A{Z{fÕo Z Cnm`o Z OrdZ§ gånmX`o V ² .
nmaån`©OrdZ‘{n {Z{fÕ§ MoV² VXm Ë`ŠVì`‘² "AMm¡amUm‘²
AnmnmZm‘²' B{V dMZmV²'' (V.Xr.{Z.à.2&232).
""A`‘Wm} "Xodmgwamo ‘Zwî`mo dm' (^mJ.nwam.7&7&50) B{V,
"gd} A{YH$m[aUmo { h AÌ {dîUw ^ ŠVm¡ `Wm Z¥ n '
(nÙnw.ñd.I.29&41) B{V dmŠ`mä`m§ "{H$amVhÿUmÝY«...'
(^mJ.nwam.2&4&18) B{V dmŠ`mV² M ^JdX²^OZmXm¡ gd}fm‘²
A{YH$mao@{n "AmhmaewÕm¡ gÎdew{Õ…' (N>mÝXmo.Cn.7&26&2)
B{V lwË`m AmhmaewÕ`o ñdd¥Î`m AÝZgånmXZñ` Amdí`H$V`m
d¥{Îma{n g§H$moÀ`m. "à{VJ«h§ ‘Ý`‘mZg² VnñVoOmo`emoZwX‘²
AÝ`mä`m‘od OrdoV' (^mJ.nwam.11&17&41) BË`m{Xfw VWm
Xe© Z mV² . gßV‘ñH$ÝYo gd} f m§ d¥ q Îm dXVm ZmaXo Z "d¥ { Îm…
g§H$aOmVrZm§ VÎmËHw$bH¥$Vm ^doX² AMm¡amUm‘² AnmnmZm‘²
AÝË`OmÝVo@dgm{`Zm‘²' (^mJ.nwam.7&11&30) BX§ `Wm VWm
d¥{ÎmdmXo ì`wËnm{XV‘² Añ‘m{^…'' (V.Xr.{Z.à.Amd.2&232).
""VÌ {ÌdJ©H$m‘oZ {H«$`‘mU… ldUm{X… H$‘©‘mJu`Ed.
VÌm{n AWm©Ú{W©{^… {d{hVËdoZ H¥$V… MoV² VXm g VWm-d¥Î`Wª
MoV² H¥${fdX² bm¡{H$H$Ed, em¡Mm{W©J§Jmñne©dV² M. Z{h Vñ`
265
‘b{Zd¥Î`{V[aŠVmo Y‘©… CËnÚVo. àË`wV {Z{fÕmMaUmV²
nmn‘{n'' (^pŠVh§.).
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à`ËZoZ gd©hoVw{dd{O©V§, d¥Î`Wª Z¡d `wÄOrV àmU¡… H$ÊR>JV¡a{n,
VX^mdo `W¡d ñ`mV² VWm {Zdm©h‘² AmMaoX'² ' (V.Xr.{Z.2&253-
254).
Bh ApÝV‘o dMZo Zm‘mË‘H$^JdÐÿnËdoZd¡ lr‘X²^mJdVñ`m{n d¥Î`Wª {d{Z`moJ…
AmnÚ{n {Z{fÕ…. Vñ‘mX² ^¥e§ nmnr`gr B`§ Ibw d¥{Îm… `m XodÐì`mdbpå~Zr
*
ZZw ^JdËgodm¡n{`H$-gm‘J«rgånmXZmWª {eî`oä`mo@{n H¥$Vñ` YZg§J«hñ`
godm`m§ {d{Z`moJoVw OmVo ^JdXwn^wŠVmZm‘² AÝZdñÌ^dZm^yfUmXrZm§ ñdmon^moJm`
{d{Z`moJmo ^mJdVo@{n àeñV… ""Ëd`mon^wŠVò½JÝYdmgmo@b§H$maM{M©Vm…...
Xmgm… Vd ‘m`m§ O`o ‘ hr'' (^mJ.nw a m.11&6&46) B{V. AVEd
lr‘XmMm`©MaU¡a{n CŠVdMZo ""AWdm...'' BË`m{XZm ""VWm {Zdm©h‘²
AmMaoX²'' BË`ÝVoZ dMZoZ ^mJdVñ`¡d d¥Î`Wm} {d{Z`moJmo {d{ZÝÚVo Z nwZ…
nydm}ŠVàH$mañ`* B{V MoX², C^`moa{n ^JdÐÿnËdm{deofV`m ""EH$Ì {ZUuV…
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d¡bjÊ`‘² Bh {H$pÄMV² ní`m‘…. {deofVmo AdYo`ÝVw BX‘od `X²-^mJdVñ`
d¥{Îm… Z VmdV² emñÌo Hw$Ìm{n J{h©Vm. VWm{h ""Ed§ XrZdM… àmoÀ` dŠVma§ M
AW nyO`oV² gå^yî` dñÌ^yfm{^… nyOmÝVo...'' (nmÙo ^mJ.‘mhm.6&32)
B{V. gßVmhmÝVo hdZ{dYmZo@{n ""eŠVm¡ nbÌ`{‘V§ ñdU©qgh§ {dYm` M
VÌ Añ` nwñVH§$ ñWmß`... gånyÁ` AmdmhZmÚ¡… VXwnMma¡… gX{jU‘²''
(VÌ¡d 6&65-66) BË`{n ^mJdVd¥{ÎmnmofH$‘od dMZ‘² BX‘². VWm ""~«m÷UmZ²
^moO{`Ëdm Vw X{jUm{^… àVmof`oX² Jwado dñÌ^yfm{X XÎdm Jm§ M g‘n©`oV²''
(ñH$m.nw.^m.‘m.4&45-46) BË`{n ^mJdVd¥{ÎmnmofH$‘od emñÌdMZ‘². gË`{n
Ed§ lr‘XmMm`©MaUm… ""BX§ Zm‘mË‘H§$ ^JdVmo ê$n§ VV² ñd{dH«o$V[a
{dH«$`gmÜ`m{V[aŠV§ ’$b§ Z à`ÀN>{V'' (V.Xr.{Z.3&1&27) B{V AmbmoÀ`
""‘ÝZm‘{dH«$`r {dàmo Z{h ‘wŠVmo ^doX² Y«wd§ ‘¥Ë`wH$mbo M ‘ÝZm‘ñ‘¥{V‘m̧
266
Z {dÚVo'' (~«.d¡.nwam.85&196-197) B{V ^JdX²dMZmZwamoY‘{n g‘dYm`©
^mJdVñ` d¥Î`Wª {d{Z`moJ§ {ZfoYpÝV. VÌ ^mJdVñ` `ÝZm‘mË‘H$ê$nËdoZ
{dH«$`mo ^¥e§ {ZÝÚmo Vñ`¡d ^JdV… gmjmX² {dJ«hñ` {dH«$`…, AmOr{dH$mWª
{d{Z`moJ… B{V `mdV², H$Xm{MX{n àe§gZr`mo ^doV² {H$‘w? Zo{V Z¡do{V ~«y‘… `Îmw
""{H$ÄM nwéfmoÎm‘¡…'' BË`maä` ""Ag‘ÄOg{‘d Am^m{V'' BË`ÝV‘²
Agm‘ÄOñ`mnmXZ§ VÎmw Xwdm©a{dH$ën{dp¿ZV‘od. VWm{h "A{J«‘fo w JwébjUm^md…'
BË`Ì "A{J«‘'nXñ` H$… VmdX² AWm} Aä`wnJV…? qH$ lr‘XmMm`m©Ë‘Om¡
lrJmonrZmW-lr{dÆ>bZmWMaUm¡ "A{J«‘'nXmWm©ÝV^y©Vm¡ Zdm? VÌ `{X AÝV^y©Vm¡
VXm V`mo… Z VX{^^dBd ""Xå^m{Xa{hVËdo g{V lr^mJdVÎdkËdo g{V
lrH¥$îUgodmnaËd‘²'' BË`ñ` bjUñ`m{n V`mo… A^md… gåàXm`moÀN>oXH$mo
AH$m‘mo Jbon{VVmo ^doV². AW AZÝV^m©do VmѽJwébjU{d{eï>`mo… V`mo… Z
`Wm H${b~bmX² A{^^d… VW¡d BVaofm‘{n VÛ§eOmZm§ VmѽJwébjU{d{eï>Ëdo
g{V H${b~bmX² AZ{^^dmo A§JrH$V©ì`Ed. VX² CŠV§ lr‘XmMm`©MaU¡…
""nmfÊS>‘VñdrH$ma‘² AH¥$Ëdm `WmepŠV Ap½ZhmoÌm{XH§$ Hw$d©Z² gXm H¥$îU§
^OZ² ^d{V ^JdXwŠVoZ¡d ‘mJ}U, VVmo... H${bXmofm{^^yVmo Z ^{dî`{V
B{V AW©…''(V.Xr.{Z.à.2&215).
{H$ÄM Apñ‘Z² ^JdÝ‘mJ} doX{ZÝXm`m‘² AY‘©H$aUo dm ZaH$nmVm^mdo@{n
hrZofw (ídmZeyH$am{X`mo{Zfw) OÝ‘ ^doX² B{V {Zê$ß`Vo lr‘XmMm`©MaU¡… ""AÌm{n
doX{ZÝXm`m‘² AY‘©H$aUmV² VWm ZaHo$ Z ^doV² nmV… {H$ÝVw hrZofw Om`Vo''
B{V. Cng§öVÄM V¡aod ""Vñ‘mX² EVX²Û`‘² AH¥$Ëdm ^JdmZ² goì`…''
(V.Xr.{Z.à.2&216) B{V. AÌ EVmdmZ² na§ {deofmo `V² H$ñ`{MV² nmnmXo…
AmMaUoZ OÝ‘mÝVaEd VWm^md… gå^d{V, XodÐì`monOrdZoZVw OrdÝZod OZmo
hrZmo ^d{V ídmZeyH$amon‘… B{V.
Vñ‘mV² namH$mð>m Ibw AY‘©ñ` `mM Efm XodÐì`mdbpå~Zr AmOr{dH$m,
OrdVmo @ {n nw é fñ` edmo n ‘mew { ÕO{ZH$m, ^¥ e § ho ` m gd£ a {n
lr‘X²dëb^‘mJm©ZwJm{‘{^…. Vñ‘mX² A{J«‘ofw nwÌ-nm¡Ì-ànm¡Ìm{Xfw gd}îd{n
VÛ§eOofw BX‘od Ibw Aeof§ ‘mhmËå`§ `V² Vofw XodÐì`monOrdZXwd¥©{Îm… Xw…ñdßZo@{n
àmMm‘² AmMm`m©Um§ Ñï>Mar ZmgrX². gmM Efm Xwd¥©{Îm{nemMr gåà{V àm`…
267
g‘ñVoîd{n {ZOmMm`©d§eOJ¥hofw Xod§ {Ohrf©`m Ðì`§ Xmn`ÝVr Z½Z¡d AQ>mQ²>çVo
ZVw {Oõo{V
Vm‘² AZwgaVm§ {gÕmÝVH«$ì`mXmon‘mZm§ XodÐì`mXmZm‘² A`§ àdmXmo Z nwZ…
emñÌ{gÕmÝV‘² AZw g aVm§ `V² ""H$ñ`{MV² H${bH$mbH$d{bVV`m
{Z{fÕH$‘©aVmd{n AàgŠVËdmXod Z A{YH$maj{V…'' B{V. JwUmpÝdVo {h Jwéd§í`o
Jwé^mdñ` àgŠVËdoZ JwUa{hVo M Vpñ‘Z² JwéËd{ZfoYmo@{n àgŠVV`¡d à{V{fÕVm§
Z A{VH«$m‘{V B{V A{ddmX‘².
`Îmw CŠV§ ""JwéËdm^mdo@{n JwéOZmo{MVgÝ‘mZmh©Ëd§ "JwédX² JwénwÌofw' B{V
Ý`m`‘² AZwga{V'' B{V. VX² `{X lr‘XmMm`©MaUà^wMaUmEd Apñ‘Z² ‘mJ}
Jwad… VXm à^wMaUgwVmZm‘od JwénwÌËd§ Z AÝ`ñ` H$ñ`m{n. Añ`¡dVw dMZñ`
CVamY©{d‘e} "Jwénm¡Ìofw ^«mV¥dX²'' ( .ñ‘¥. & & ) BË`{n Cnbå^mV² nm¡Ìofw Vw
gd}fw g‘mZEd ì`dhmamo Ý`mæ`mo `Xm, VXm MVwX©e-nÄMXe-fmoS>e-
gßVXeg§»`m-H«$‘OmVofwVw d§eOofw gåà{V H$íM ì`dhmamo Ý`mæ`… B{V Z d`§
{dÙ….
ñ`mXoVX² *""AmMm`}Vw Ibw àoVo JwénwÌo JwUmpÝdVo JwéXmao g{nÊSo> dm
JwédX² d¥{Îm‘² AmMaoX'² ' (‘Zwñ‘¥.2&247) B{V Jwég{nÊSo>@{n JwédX²d{¥ Îm{dYmZmV²
VÛ§eOo JwédX²d¥Vm¡ H$mo Xmof…* B{V, `{X gd}îd{n JwénwÌm{Xfw "JwUmpÝdVo' B{V
{deofU§ hoVwJ{^©V§ Z ñ`mV². JwUmpÝdVEd JwénwÌmXm¡ JwédÝ‘mZmh©Ëd§ Z nwZ…
CŠVXmofdËñd{n.
VXo V X² Jw é dX² Jw é nw Ì gÝ‘mZZ‘{n ""CËgmXZ§ M JmÌmUm§
ñZmnZmo p ÀN> ï > ^ mo O Zo Z Hw $ `m© X ² Jw é nw Ì ñ` nmX`mo … M AdZo O Z‘² ' '
(‘Zwñ‘¥.2&209) B{V dMZmX² {Z{fÕmoËgmXZmÚÝ`{df`H$‘od Z gdmªeo. Vñ‘mX²
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B{V.
268
 VoZ¡VoZ H$ï>oZ {dfrXÝV‘² CnhgÝV… ñd‘mJ©H¥$VmÝV§ {ZVmÝV‘² Adhob`ÝVmo
{ZO^JdËgod`¡d {ZaÝVa‘² AZW©‘² AmgmX`ÝV… M H${VMZ ^«mÝVm… `V²
àË`d{Vð> Ý Vo , VpÝZagZÝVw ñd{nVm‘hZmåZm dmëb^~« w d o U {da{MVñ`
"godmXodÐì`m{X{d‘em©'»`ñ` J«ÝWñ` ‘ËH¥$Vmgw "{demoY{ZH$m'gw M gmdYZV`m
‘`m H¥$V‘odo{V VVmo AdYo`§ gwYr{^….
AW AYwZm lrnwéfmoÎm‘H¥$Vñdd¥{ÎmdmX{dd¥Vm¡ à`Vo. VÌ ""Z A`‘² AmË‘m
àdMZoZ bä`mo Z ‘oY`m Z ~hþZm lwVoZ `‘¡d Ef d¥UwVo VoZ bä`…''
(H$R>mon.1&2&23) B{V lwVo… "daUm'nan`m©`H¥$nmbä`Ëd§ na‘nwéfñ`. go`§
^JdËH¥$n¡d ^JdËàmßVm¡ ‘w»`§ gmYZ‘². H$‘©kmZ^pŠV`moJVnmod¡am½`VrW©d«Vàm`-
píMÎmmX`ñVw gd}@{n VÌ-VÌ gmYZËdoZ ly`‘mUm… Añ`m… H¥$nm`mEd
AdmÝVaì`mnma^yVm… MoX², ’$bXmZj‘m… ^dpÝV, AÝ`Wm OrdmË‘ì`mnmaê$nmEd
B{V {ddoH$…. `oZ H$‘m©ÚÝ`V‘oZ ì`mnmaoU `ñ‘¡ Ordm` ñdàmpßV§ {dYmVw‘²
BÀN>{V ^JdmZ² VoZ¡d ì`mnmaê$noU g Ordmo ^JdÝV§ bãYw§ eŠZmo{V. go`§
VÎmÁOrd{df{`Ur ^JdV… C{ÔYrf£d "daU‘²' B{V H$Ï`Vo. daUmH$mañVw ""AZoZ
gmYZoZ A`§ Ordmo {h Ed§ê$n§ ‘m§ àmßZmoVw'' BË`od§ê$n…. VX² CŠV§ ""Z M¡d§
{dñ‘`… H$m`©…'' (^mJ.nwam.10&26&16) BË`Ì. Vñ‘mXod lr‘XmMm`©MaU¡…
CŠV‘² ""AmnmVVñVw gd}fm‘² Cnm`Ëd§ ‘`m C{XV§ {dîUmo… H¥$nm{d{eï>mZm§
VV² ’$b§ ZmÝ`Wm ^doX²'' (V.Xr.{Z.2&307) B{V. ZM *Ed§ ^JdËàmßVm¡
^JdËH¥$nm`mEd AgmYmaUH$maUËdmV² H¥$nmì`mnmaofw àH$ma{Z`‘m^mdmV²
H¥$nmY{‘©Umo ^JdV… M gd©g‘W©ËdmV², ""nwï>ç¡d ‘¥½`Vo ^JdmZ² `Ì g
nw{ï>‘mJ©…'' B{V ì`wËn{ÎmH$aUmV² M J{VgmYZm^mdmn{Îm… nw{ï>‘mJ} ñ`mV².
VWmM Jwdn© j
o m`m…, VVmo Xrjmnojm`m…, Xr{jVñ` H$V©ì`mnojm`mA{n A^mdmn{Îm….
VoZM ñdmÀN>ÝÚàgŠË`m ‘mJ©Ëd‘{n Z {gÕçoX²* B{V dmÀ`‘². Vm‘² B‘m‘²
Aì`dñWm§ n[ahVw©‘od na‘H¥$nmbw{^… lr‘XmMm`©MaU¡… ""gd©Wm MoX² h[aH¥$nm
Z ^{dî`{V `ñ` {h Vñ` gd©‘² AeŠ`§ ñ`mX² ‘mJ} Apñ‘Z² gwVam‘{n,
H¥$nm`wŠVñ`Vw `Wm {gÕçoV² H$maU‘² CÀ`Vo'' (V.Xr.{Z.2&226) BË`maä`
""EVÝ‘mJ©Û`§ àmoŠV§ J{VgmYZg§`wV‘²'' (V.Xr.{Z.2&256) BË`ÝVoZ
J«ÝW^mJoZ OrdmË‘{Z ~rO^mdoZ pñWVñ` ^JdXZwJ«hñ` A§Hw$am{XH«$‘oU
’$bmoÝ‘wIËd{dH$mgm` H¥$nm‘mJ©ñ` J{VgmYZmZm§ {Zê$nU§ H¥$V‘².
269
*
ZZw H$‘©kmZ^ŠVrZm§ Ord{Zð>mZm‘od ‘mJ©Ëd§ ""`moJmñÌ`mo ‘`m àmoŠVm''
(^mJ.nwam.11&20&6) BË`od‘m{Xfw dMZofw ly`Vo H¥$n`mñVw ^JdpÝZð>m`m… `moJËd§
‘mJ©Ëd§ dm H$W‘²* B{V MoX², CÀ`Vo : `Ú{n ^JdËàmßVm¡ VËH¥$nm`m…
CÔYrfm©»`m`m… H$aUËd§ ^JdpÝZð>Vm{dMmaoU¡d, ZVw Ord{Zð>Vm{dMmaoU, VWm{n
""OrdmË‘mZ§ ^JdVm gh `mo O `{V'' B{V ì`w Ë n{ÎmH$mZm§ ~hÿ Z m§
"`moJm'ñnXmonm`mZm§ `Wm ‘mJ©Ëd§ VWm ^JdÝV§ Ord¡… gh `mo{OH$m`m… H¥$nm`mA{n
‘mJ©Ëd§ VoZM {df`{df{`^mdgå~ÝYoZ gyú‘m§eoZ Ordoîd{n {dÚ‘mZVm{n
~rO^mdËdoZ lr‘XmMm`©MaU¡… A§JrH¥$Vm. ^JdXZwJ«hmo ^JdË`od Ibw
Y‘©Y{‘©^mdgå~ÝYoZ d¥{Îm‘mZ² A§{eê$nmo{h A§emË‘ZmVw {df`{df{`^mdgå~ÝYoZ
VËàmá²`Wª VËH¥$VdaU{df`r^yVofw Ordoîd{n dard¥Ë`Vo B{V {ddoH$…. `Wm{h
gy`©aí‘`mo Y‘©Y{‘©^mdgå~ÝYoZ gy`©d¥Îm`… Ibw àH$mí`àH$meH$^mdgå~ÝYoZ
Vmß`VmnH$^mdgå~ÝYoZ dm ^y{‘ð>KQ>d¥Îm`mo@{n ^dpÝV. Vñ‘mX² B`§ ^JdËH¥$n¡d
`m Ibw A§ e ê$no U àH$Q>m Ordo f w {Zénm{YH$m H¥ $ îUé{M… `íM
^JdX²{d`moJ~moYO{ZV… Vmn^mdmo dm B{V.
VEVo H¥$îUé{Merbm… ^Jd{Û`moJ^mdVßVm… OrdmEd CßVmZwJ«h~rO^mdm…
"nw{ï>Ordm…' B{V H$Ï`ÝVo.
lrH¥$îUH¥$nm`m… A§e^yVmo Ordofw {dÚ‘mZmo ~rO^mdEd lr‘XmMm`©MaU¡…
nw{ï>àn{Îmê$noU nw{ï>^pŠVê$noU Mm{n ‘mJm©{`V… gZ² "nw{ï>‘mJ©…' B{V Am»`m§
g§ b ^Vo . Vñ‘mX² A§ { e^y V na‘mË‘{Zð>m nw { ï>… na‘mË‘àmßVm¡ H$aU§ ,
A§e^yVOrdmË‘{Zð>oVw ^pŠVànÎmr VXdmÝVaì`mnmaê$noEd gË`m¡ VX§e^yVoA{n.
VWm{h gy`©aí‘rZm§ gy`mªeËd§ M gm¡aì`mnmaH$aUê$nËd§ M A§Hw$amÚwËnÎmm¡ AZw^y`Vo
VÛ{Xh ko`‘². `Ú{n gy`©aí‘rZm‘² A§Hw$amoËnÎmm¡ Z ~rOËd‘² Zm{n CnmXmZËd§ dm,
VWm{n BhVw OrdmË‘^y‘m¡ ^º²$`mÚ§Hw$amoËnÎmm¡ ~rOËd‘{n ^JdËH¥$nm§eñ`¡d B{V
{deof…. Vñ‘mX² lr‘XmMm`©MaUàd{V©Vo {h nw{ï>‘mJ} ^pŠVànÎ`w×moYH$mZm‘od
Cnm`mZm‘² CnXoemo AZwð>mZÄM. ^JdËH¥$nm`mñVw CnXoemZwð>mZ`mo… AeŠ`ËdmXod
`WmdpñWV{Zê$nU‘od Ho$db‘². ^JdpÝZð>m`m… OrdmoÕmaH$aUê$nm`m… H¥$nm`mñVw
emñÌ{d{hVH$‘m©{XdV² Šd{MV² emñÌ{Z{fÕmA{n H$m‘H«$moYmX`mo AdmÝVaì`mnmam…
270
Hw$ãOmH§$gm{Xpîdd ^{dVw‘² Ah©pÝV. ZM Vo lr‘XmMm`£… ‘mJm©{`Vm… Zm{n J{VgmYZ`mo… {Zê$nU§ à‘mUoZ H$Vwª Z eŠ`§ Xm¡b©ä`mXod Vofm{‘{V ""ewÕm
VXw×moYH$mZm‘² Cnm`mZm‘² CnXoemo dm AZwð>mZ§ dm ‘mJ} Apñ‘Z² H$ën{`Vw‘{n àoåUm Vw Xwb©^m…'' (nw.à.‘.16) BË`Ì ñnï>‘².
eŠ`Vo. emñÌ{d{hVmñVw Cnm`m… dUm©l‘mMmad«VH$‘m©X`… emñÌmkm`m…
`mdX²Xohm{^‘mZ§ gd©W¡d AZwëb§KZr`ËdmXod CnXoï>ì`m… AZwð>o`míMm{n ^dÝVr{V ^JdmZod {h Ho$dbmo nw{ï>‘mJ} ewÕnw{ï>OrdmZm§ Zm`H$mo ^dVr{V ^JdÝZrVmZm§
Z¡VmdVm nw{ï>‘mJ©Ëd§ Vofm‘² B{V ahñ`‘². Vñ‘mV² emñÌ{d{hVmonm`mZm§ Vofm§ ^JdX{^b{fV^mdàmpßV[a{V Z VÌ CnXoí`monXoeH$`mo… H¥$Ë`§ Zm‘ {H$pÄMX²
‘`m© X m‘mJ© g mYmaUmZm‘² Adí`mZw ð >o ` Ëdo @ {n Z nw { ï>‘mJ© Ë d§ {H$‘w V
ñnï>§ Ðïw>‘² Ahm©‘…. {‘lmUmÝVw nw{ï>‘mJ} Zm`H$mo Ibw ^JdX²^mdB{V
^JdX²^pŠVànÎ`moaod. VWm{n àdmh‘mJ©gmYmaU- e`ZmeZm{XXohY‘m©Um{‘d
VÎmX²^mdZrVmZm§ Vofm§ VÎmX²^mdmZwê$nm ^JdËñdê$nàmpßV… B{V {ddoH$…. Vñ‘mX²
‘`m©Xm‘mJ©gmYmaUemñÌ{d{hVmZm§ Y‘m©Um§ nw{ï>‘mJmªJËdoZ AZwð>mZÝVw nwZ…
EVofm§ J{VgmYZ{Zê$nU‘² Ano{jVËdmXod {Z~ÝYm{XJ«ÝWofw B{V {gÕ‘².
Adí`H$V©ì`VmH$‘od ^d{V.

VÌ àW‘mo {h Cnm`… nw{ï>àn{Îm…. gmVw eaU‘ÝÌmonXoeJ«hUmZwð>o`m gmÜ`ê$nm

‘mJm©{`Vm{h H¥$îUé{M… ‘mJm©{`V… M ^Jd{Û`moJO{ZV… Vmn^mdmo@{n nwZ…
‘mhmËå`kmZO{ZH$m. {g{Õê$nmVw ‘mhmËå`kmZO{ZVm {ddoH$Y¡`m©ZÝ`ml`bjUm.
ÛoYm : ^JdÝ‘mhmËå`kmZOZZmonm`ê$noU ^JdËñZohm{d^m©dmonm`ê$noU M.
{ÛVr`ñVw Cnm`… nw{ï>^pŠV… gm Ibw ~«÷gå~ÝYmonXoeJ«hUmZwð>o`m gmÜ`ê$nm
""‘mhmËå`kmZnyd©ñVw gwÑT>… gd©Vmo{YH$… ñZohmo ^pŠV[a{V'' (Zma.n§.am. &
‘mhmËå`kmZnyd©H$gwÑT>gd©Vmo{YH$ñZohO{ZH$m, {g{Õê$nmVw VWm{dYñZohO{ZVm
&) B{V dMZmV². ^ŠVo… ApñV A§eÛ`‘² ‘mhmËå`kmZ§ gwÑT>… gd©Vmo{YH$… ñZoh…
^JdËgodmH$Wmo^`nam`UVmbjUm VXÝ`Vanam`UVmbjUm dm. ^º²$`^mdoVw
M B{V emñÌmW©àH$aUo ""`Wm H$WmpÄMX²...'' BË`maä` ""‘wpŠV… ZM
àn{Îmaod ^º²$`ZwH$ënê$nm{n ^d{V B{V ~moÕì`‘². Vñ‘mV² nw{ï>‘mJ} ‘w»`m
AÝ`Wm''(V.Xr.{Z.1&40-41)B{V H$m[aH$màH$meo ì`m»`mZmV² M. VÌ `ofw
gaUr nw{ï>^pŠVê$nm `ñ`m§ Ibw àn{Îm… AÝV^y©V¡d. Jm¡UrVw nwZ… Ho$dbàn{Îmê$nm
Ordo f w ny d mª e ‘mÌàmH$Q² > ç gå^mdZm Vo nw { ï> à nÎ`w n m`m{YH$m[aU…. `o f w
àW‘monm`^yVm AZwH$ënê$nm dm B{V ahñ`‘².
C^`m§eàmH$Q²>çgå^mdZm Vo nw{ï>^º²$`wnm`m{YH$m[aU…. `ofw nwZ… CÎmam§e‘mÌàmH$Q²>ç§
à‘o`~boZ, Vofw à‘mUOÝ`^JdÝ‘mhmËå`kmZm^mdo@{n ñdVmo ^JdXm{d^m©dhoVwH$…
g»`dmËgë`‘mYw`m©{X^mdm{d^m©d… B{V ì`dñWm. ^JdX²^mdm{d^m©dnyd©H$mo {h ñd^º²$`m ñdànÎ`m dm ^Jd{XVa-bm¡{H$H$mbm¡{H$H$’$bmH$m¬ma{hVËdo g{V
^JdXm{d^m©d… à‘mUê$nmo ^pŠVemñÌ{gÕËdmV² "à‘mU~b‘²' B{V H$sË`©Vo. ^JdXoH$naVmàH$Q>Zé{M… VÎmX²~rO^md`mo… gÎmmZw‘m{nH$m ^d{V. VX² CŠV§
^JdXm{d^m©dnydH© $ñVw ^JdX²^mdm{d^m©dmo ^pŠVemñÌà‘o`^yVZo ^JdV¡d ñdoÀN>`m ""H¥$nmn[akmZÄM ‘mJ©éÀ`m {ZíMr`Vo'' (V.Xr.{Z.à.2&255-256) B{V.
A{Z`VV`m X{e©VËdmV² "à‘o`~b‘²' B{V {ddoH$…. à‘o`~bgånÝZmíM Ordm… ‘mJm©{`Vm`mÝVw Vñ`m§ `Wm`W§ {d{dYm… Cnm`m… AdmÝVamonm`míMm{n Cn{Xï>m….
"ewÕnw{ï>Ordm…' B{V CÀ`ÝVo. à‘mU~bgån{Îm`mo½`mñVw "{‘lnw{ï>Ordm…' B{V. Vñ‘mX² EVofm‘² Cnm`mZm§ Z¡`Ë`mXod lr‘XmMm`©MaUàd{V©Vo Apñ‘Z² ‘mJ} Z
ñdmÀN>ÝÚ§ Zm{n ‘mJm}pÀN>{Îm^r{V…. VoZ nw{ï>‘mJ©ñ`m{n gËgåàXm`Ëd§ {gÕçË`od.
gåàXm`ËdoZM `mo½`Jwd©nojmnarjo VW¡d `mo½`{eî`mnojmnarjo M, ‘mJm}nXoemV²
VB‘o {‘lnw { ï>Ordm… EH$Vam§ e àmH$Q² > çgå^mdZmdÝV…
àmJ² Bh AZwîR>o`o ^dV….
C^`m§eàmH$Q²>çgå^mdZmdÝV… M nw{ï>nw{ï>-‘`m©Xmnw{ï>-àdmhnw{ï>ê$n¡… Cn^oX¡…
nw{ï>àdmh‘`m©XmJ«ÝWo {Zê${nVm… ""nwï>çm {d{‘lm… gd©km àdmhoU {H«$`maVm…
‘`m©X`m JwUkm… Vo'' (nw.à.‘.15-16) B{V dMZo. nw{ï>‘mJ} EVofm‘od Vñ‘mX² JwénarjU§, {eî`narjU§, Xrjm, Xr{jV`mo… Jwé{eî``mo… AmMma…,
J{VgmYZmonXoemo {Z~ÝYfmoS>eJ«ÝWm{Xfw lr‘XmMm`£… H¥$V…, ewÕmZmÝVw nw{ï>‘mJ} BË`od‘m{X{df`mUm§ {Z`‘mA{n Cn{Xí`ÝVEd. Vofw àW‘§ VmdV² gmYZ§

271 272
JwénarjU‘od. JwamoñVw bjU§ `Ú{n gd©{ZU©`àH$aUmoŠV§ ""H¥$îUgodmnaËdo
g{V Xmå^m{Xa{hVËdo g{V lr^mJdV-VÎdkËd‘²'' (V.Xr.{Z.2&227) B{V
{Z{X©ï>§ VWm{n ^mJdVàH$aUo ""`X² Am¡n{ZfX§ kmZ§ lr^mJdV‘od dm
d{U©Zm‘od V{Õ ñ`mV² ñÌreyÐmUm§ VVmo AÝ`Wm'' (V.Xr.{Z.3&3&178&)
B{V {Zê$nUmX² AZwnZrVmZm§ nwéfmUm§ ñÌrUm§ dm ^mJdVmonXoeo A{YH$mam^mdmX²
Bh JwéËdbjUo Aà{dï>‘{n "{dàËd§' dMZÛ`¡H$dmŠ`Vm-gånmXZm` D$h瑲.
VXwŠV§ lrnwéfmoÎm‘¡… AZwnZrV¡ ^mJdV§ ""Z lmdUr`§ nmR>Zr`§ dm {dÜ`^mdmX²''
(lr^m.nm.e§.{Z.dm.) B{V lr^mJdVnmR>{df`H$e§H$m{ZamgdmXo. EZoZ AZwnZrVñ`
CnXoem{YH$mam^mdmV² ""lr^mJdVVÎdk'' B{V nXà`moOZo {dMm`©‘mUo
VXw n Xo e m` {dàËd‘² An[ahm`© ‘ o d . AÝ`Wm Hw $ å^H$mam{XOmVr`ñ`
H¥$îUgodmna^mJdVVÎdk§‘m{ZZ… {H$arQ>mXoa{n ~«ô‘gå~ÝYXrjmàXmZo A{YH$mamo
dO«bonm{`Vmo ^doV².
gd©{ZU©`àH$aUEd nwpîQ>^ŠVmZm§ OrdZàH$mamonXoeàg§Jo ""`m‘‘m̧
^JdËgodm§ {dYm` níMmX² A{Z{fÕoZ Cnm`oZ OrdZ§ gånmX`oV².
nmaån`©OrdZ‘{n {Z{fÕ§ MoV² VXm Ë`ŠVì`‘²...'' (V.Xr.{Z.2&232)
B{V `V² {Zê$nU§ VÎmw
(‘§JbmMaUg§e`nyd©njm…)
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VZw{dÎmOgodmV… Vwï>§ lrH¥$îU‘ml`o&&1&&
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273
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274
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275
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277
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278
(g‘mgdmXo : ÛÝÛàH$aUo). Vñ‘mV² VZwOm`m§ M {dÎmOm`m§ Mo{V {H«$`m{ÛËdoVw
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279
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280
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281
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283
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doXm§JmonXoeH$m… dm CnmÜ`m`m… ^dpÝV, Z{h VmÑemA{n nw{ï>‘mJu`Jwadmo ^dpÝV.
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àË`wV dUm©l{‘UBd dUm©l‘a{hVmZ{n {eî`rHw$d©ÝV… H$W§Zw d¡{XH$JwéËd§ ñdofm§
à{VnmX`o`w…? ZMm{n AmpËd©Á`§ à{VnmX{`Vw§ eŠ`§ d¡{XH$H$‘©Um‘² AH$maUmV².
AÝ`WmVw Amh©Vofw nÄMZ‘ñH$aUr`ofw ""U‘mo Am`[a`mU§ U‘mo CdÁPmU§''
BË`od§ Z‘ñH$aUr``mo… AmMm`m}nmÜ`m``mo… {df`o@{n lwVo… àm‘mÊ`mn{Îm… Xwdm©am
ñ`mV². Vñ‘mV² lwË`wXmhaUo@{n Z nw{ï>‘mJu`Jwê$Um§ d¥{Îm{df`o lwË`mX`mo àm‘mÊ`§
^OÝVo, B{V àmßVo-
~«y‘… : Hw$Ì VmdV² lwVo… àm‘mÊ`§ Hw$Ì M Z B{V AJ«o ì`wËnmXZr`‘².
‘mZddMZmZmÝVw Jwdm©Mm`©`mo… Z Aì`mßË`m{XXmofd{O©VbjUdU©Zo A{^àm`…
naÝVw àm`modmX‘² Am{lË` Vofm§ H$V©ì`{Zê$nUEd VmËn`©‘² A§JrH$m`©‘². `ñ‘mV²
Šd{MX² ""CnZr` Jwé… {eî`§ ‘hmì`mö{Vnyd©H§$ doX‘² AÜ`mn`oV²...'',
""CnZr` Jwé… {eî`§ {ej`oV² em¡M‘² Am{XV…'' (`mk.ñ‘¥.1&2&15,
‘Zwñ‘¥.2&69) BË`oV`mo… dMZ`mo… CnZ`ZnydH© $doXmÜ`mnH$mo@{n JwéËdoZd¡ {Z{X©ï>….
Šd{MV² nwZ… {ZfoH$m{XH$‘©H$Vm© CnZr` M ñdmË‘O§ doX‘² AÜ`mn`Z² OZH${nV¡d
285
JwéËdoZ {Zê$ß`Vo ""{ZfoH$mXr{Z H$‘m©{U `… H$amo{V `Wm{d{Y gå^md`{V
M AÝZoZ g {dàmo "Jwé…' CÀ`Vo'',""g Jwé… `… {H«$`m§ H¥$Ëdm doX‘² Añ‘¡
à`ÀN>{V'' (‘Zwñ‘¥.2&142, `mk.ñ‘¥.1&2&33) B{V. Šd{MÎmw AOZH$mo@{n
Jwé… doXñ` doX`mo… doXmZm§ dm AÜ`mnH$… AmMm`©ËdoZ ""CnZr` XXX² doX‘²
AmMm`© … g CXmöV…'',""Jw a do V w da§ XÎdm ñZm`rV
VXZwk`m'',""fQ²>qÌeXmpãXH§$ M`ª Jwam¡ Ì¡d¡{XH§$ d«V§... doXmZ² AYrË` doXm¡
dm doX§ dm{n `WmH«$‘‘²'' (`mk.ñ‘¥.1&2&33,1&3&51,‘Zwñ‘¥.3&1-2) B{V
d{U©V…. ‘h{f©… `mñH$ñVw nwZ… ""AmMm`©… AmMma§ J«mh`{V, Am{MZmo{V
AWm©Z², Am{MZmo{V ~w{Õ‘² B{Vdm'' ({Zé.{ZK.1&2&2) B{V CnZ`Xrjm§ VÌ
Z {Z`Vm§ JU`{V. EVoZ gd}@{n AmMm`m©… JwadñVw ^dpÝV naÝVw gd} Jwé^yVm…
"AmMm`©'nX^mOmo Z ^dpÝV B{V àVr`Vo. ZM gd©Ì CnXoeo CnZ`ZZ¡`Ë`‘²
""Aën§ dm ~hþ dm `ñ` lwVñ` CnH$amo{V `…, V‘{n Bh Jwé§ {dÚmV²
lwVmon{H«$``m V`m. ~«mô‘ñ` OÝ‘Z… H$Vm© ñdY‘©ñ` M em{gVm ~mbmo@{n
{dàmo d¥Õñ` {nVm ^d{V Y‘©V…. AÜ`mn`m‘mg {nV¦Z² {eew… Am§{Jag…
H${d… "nwÌH$m…' B{V h CdmM kmZoZ n[aJ¥h²` VmZ²... F$f`… M{H«$ao Y‘ª
`mo AZyMmZmo gd¡ ‘hmZ²'' (‘Zwñ‘¥.2&149-155) BË`Ì ñdmZwnZrVmZm‘{n
kmZmonXoeXmZldUmX² JwéËd§ à{Vnm{XV‘od.
Vñ‘mV² nw{ï>‘mJu`Jwamoa{n d¥{Îmñdê$nmXm¡ lwË`mX`mo `Wmgå^d§ à‘mU§ ^{dVw‘²
Ah©ÝË`od. ZMm{n Bh Amh©VgmYmaÊ`§ e§H$Zr`§, Vofm§ doXm‘ybH$ËdmX²
VX²{déÕH$‘m}nXoeH$ËdmV² Mm{n ^oXmV². ZM *Ed§ g{V doX‘ybH$-VX{déÕ-
Y‘m}nXoeH$ËdoVw Jm`Ìr‘ÝÌmonXoeoZ CnZrVmZm‘od JwéËd§ Hw$Vmo Z {Zd©hpÝV?*
B{V dmÀ`§, d¡{XH$Xrjm`m§ doXmÜ``Zo dm H${bH$mbàm~ë`oZ A{YH$ma{ZíM`ñ`
XwîH$aËdmV². JrVm^mJdV`moa{n ""g‘mo Ah§ gd©^yVofw Z ‘o Ûoî`mo ApñV Z ‘o
{à`mo. `o ^OpÝV Vw ‘m§ ^ŠË`m ‘{` Vo VofwMm{n Ah§... ‘m§{h nmW©
ì`nm{lË` `o@{n ñ`w… nmn`moZ`… pñÌ`mo d¡í`m… VWm eyÐm… Vo@{n `mpÝV
nam§ JqV'',""{H$amVhÿUmÝY«nw{bÝXnwëH$gm… Am^raH§$H$m… `dZm… IgmX`mo
`o AÝ`o M nmnm… `Xwnml`ml`m… ewÜ`pÝV'' (^J.JrVm.9&29-32,
^mJ.nwam.2&4&18) B{V à{VnmXZmonbãÜ`m ^JdËànÎmm¡ ^ŠVm¡ M dm {Z…e§H§$
gd}fm‘² A{YH$m[aËd{ZíMm`ZoZ ^JdX{^àm`ÄM g‘yh²` ^pŠVàn{Îm‘mJu`m`m§
286
Xrjm`m§ M VXZwHy$bH$‘©~moYZo VWm{dYVÎdmonXoeo M àd¥{Îm^amo AmMm`£… X{e©V….
Vñ‘mX² EVmÑeo JwéËdo Z hm{Z… H$m{n. AVEd d¡{XHo$@{n H$‘©{U VÝ‘ÝÌ¡a{n VWm
~moÜ`Vo-
""öXm Vï>ofw ‘Zgmo Odofw `X² ~«mô‘Um… g§`MÝVo gIm`…&
AÌmh Ëd§ {dOõþ… doÚm{^… Amoh~«ô‘mUmo {dMapÝV C Ëdo&&''
(F$Šg§{h.8&2&24) B{V.
ñdmo{XVo H$‘©Ê`{n, Ý`m`Vm¡ë`mV² VÎdo@{n dm, eãX~«ô‘¡H$km{ZZ§ n[aË`Á`
Amoh~«ô‘mU… F$pËdO… lo`go daUr`Vam… B{V à{Vnm{XV‘². VV² à{Vnm{XV§
‘h{f©Um `mñHo$Z "Amoh~«ô‘mU…' BË`ñ` nXñ` "D$hEd Efm§ ~«ô‘' B{V {ZéŠË`wnXoe.o
VXoVV² gdª ö{X H¥$Ë` AmMm`©MaU¡…-
""AYwZmVw H$bm¡ gd} {déÕmMmaVËnam…&
ñdmÜ`m`m{X{H«$`mhrZm… VWm AmMmanamL²>‘wIm…&&
{H«$`‘mU§ VWm AmMma§ {d{YhrZ§ àHw$d©Vo&
{d{jßV‘Zgmo ^«mÝVm… {OôdmonñWnam`Um…&&
d«mË`àm`m… ñdVmoXwï>m… VÌ Y‘©… H$W§ ^doV²?
fS²>{^… gånÚVo Y‘©… Vo Xwb©^Vam… H$bm¡&&
AWm{n Y‘©‘mJ}U pñWËdm H¥$îU§ ^OoV² gXm&
lr^mJdV‘mJ}U g H$WpÄMV² V[aî`{V&&''
(V.Xr.{Z.2&212-215) B{V à{Vnm{XV‘².
Vñ‘mX² EVmÑeo H$mbo ^JdËàn{Îm^pŠV^mdmdod gH$bOrd{ZñVmaH$m{d{V
doXm{XemñÌm{^àm`{df`H$‘² D$h§ H$Vwª g‘Wm©Zm§ lr‘XmMm`m©Um§ VXZwgm[aUm§ M
JwéUm§ lm¡VJwéËdo Z e§H$mboemo@{n.
287
ZZw *H$mÊdlwVm¡ AZZw{eî` {dÎmà{VJ«hñ` nañdmnhaUV`m ~moYZmV² ‘mñVw
AmYw{ZH$mZm§ dëb^d§eOmZm§ nañdmnhm[aËd‘². ñdH$s`^JdËg‘mamYZñ` àXe©Zo
Vofm‘{n BX‘od à`moOZ§ gå^d{V `V² VXr`mdmgo AmJÝVwH$m… godm^JdÔe©Zm{W©Zmo
OZm… JwéUm AZw{ð>Vm§ ^JdËgodmarqV g‘dbmoŠ` ^JdËgodmarqV {dOmZr`w…
B{V. VVíM V¡… Xod‘yV}… g§{ZYm¡ Ag§{ZYm¡ dm H$mof^mÊSo> {Z{jß`‘mU§ Ðì`§
Ðì`g§Jh« mWª {Z`wŠVñ` nwéf{deofñ` hñVo dm àXr`‘mZ§ Ðì`m{XH$‘{n Z XodÐì`‘².
`ñ‘mX² Jwé{Zdmgmo Jwéñdm{‘H$B{V VÌ Cnm`ZrH¥$V§ gdª Jwéñdm{‘H$‘odo{V
JwéX{jU¡do{V lw{V{gÕJwéd¥{Îm‘² AZwgaVm‘² AmYw{ZH$mZm§ dëb^d§eOmZm§ Z
AgXmMaU{‘d {H$pÄMX² CËní`m‘…* B{V MoX² Z, ‘ÁOV… Hw$eH$memdbå~ZmX²
EVX² Zm{V[aÀ`VB{V.
gmd©O{ZHo$ {ZOmamÜ`^OZàXe©Zo VmdX² Xe©Zm{W©OZmZm§ {dZ¡d g§H$ënÚmoVZoZ
{Z{jßV§ Ðì`m{XH§$ qH${Z{‘ÎmH§$ dm qH$gåàXmZH§$ dm? XmV¥à{VJ¥{hÌmo… dm
VWm{dYXmZà{VJ«h`mo… A{YH$mamo ApñV Zdm? BË`m{X{ddoH§$ {dZm Z H$W‘{n
XmofmX² ‘wpŠV…. Z{h * Jwamo… Amdmgo `ÑÀN>`m AkmZoZ dm g‘mJV§ `V² {H$‘{n
VV² gdª Jwéñdm{‘H$‘od ^d{V* B{V ‘ÝVw§ `wŠV§, {dH$ënmghËdmV². VWm{h
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dm? Xod{Z{‘{ÎmH§$, ñdr`Xodñ` AmamYZm§ àXe©`Vr{V, JwégåàXmZH§$ dm?
AmÚo XodÐì`ËdmZ§JrH$mao H$pñ‘§píMV² {eî`ñdm{‘Ho$ J¥ho VXm‘pÝÌVoZ AÝ`oZ
{eî`oZ Jwado àXÎm‘{n Ðì`§ J¥hñdm{‘{eî`ñ` ñdm{‘H§$ ^doV² Z Jwamo…. AÝ`Wm
lÕmOSo>Z Ho$Z{MX² Hw$å^H$maoU JwélÕ`m Jwéñdm{‘Ho$ J¥ho JX©^mo- nmhaUo Jwamo…
Jmo ñ dm{‘ËdmnJ‘o Z JX© ^ ñdm{‘Ëd§ Y« w d bo n m{`V§ ñ`mV² {ÛVr`o V w
{ZOXod{Z{‘ÎmH$Ðì`m§JrH$manyd©Ho$ ñdmon^moJoVw XodbH$Ëdmn{Îm… dO«bonm{`Vm,
Xe©Zm{W©Zmo Ðì`§ XXVr{V {ZOXod… àXí`©VB{V. nw{ï>‘mJ} {h ^JdËgodmWª ""{dÎm§
XÎdm AÝ`oZ nwéfoU H¥$Ëdm H$m[aVm EH$m-EVmÑeoZ nw§gm H¥$Vm M Anam.
EVmÑí`m¡ Vo VËgm{YHo$ Z B{V A{^àm`kmnH§$ g‘ñVnX‘²' ({g.‘w.VÌ¡d)
B{V Amkmn`X²{^… à^wMaU¡… ^JdËgodmWª {dÎmñ` XmZà{VJ«hm¡ à{V{fÕm{d{V
VX{YH$ma{Zd¥Îmm¡ Z XmVw… Zdm à{VJ¥hrVw… dm A{YH$maH$ënZm eŠ`m. ZM
^JdËgodmWª Ðì`§ Z à{VJ¥h²`Vo {H$ÝVw ^JdËgodmnañ` Jwamo… JwéËd{Zdm©hm`¡d
288
BË`{n gmåàV‘². gmd©O{ZHo$ XodàXe©Zo gd} ñd{eî`mEd AmJÀN>ÝVw B{V
{Z`‘mgå^dmV². ^JdÔe©ZmWª g‘mJVmZm§ {eî`Ëdm^mdoVw `ñ` H$ñ`m{n Ðì`J«hUo
àË`dm`ldUmV². VX² CŠV§-
""Z Ðì`mUm‘² A{dkm` {dqY Yå`ª à{VJ«ho&
àmk… à{VJ«h§ Hw$`m©X² AdgrXÝZ{n jwYm&&
Z amk…, àJ¥ôUr`mX², AamOÝ`àgy{VV…&
gyZm-MH«$-ÜdO-dVm§ doeoZ¡d M OrdVm‘²1&&
A`m{MVmöV§ J«mh²`‘² A{n XwîH¥$VH$‘©Umo&
AÝ`Ì Hw$bQ>mfÊS>nVrVoä`… VWm {Ûf…&&''
(‘Zwñ‘¥.4&187,84 `mk.ñ‘¥.1&9&112) B{V.
Ðì`mUm§ à{VJ«ho jwYm AdgrXÝZ{n àmk… Yå`ª {d{Y‘² A{dkm` à{VJ«h§
Z Hw$`m©X² B{V gå~ÝY…. Vñ‘mV² ñdH$s`ñ` ^JdX²^OZñ` àXe©ZnamUm§
Xe© Z m{W© O ZYZà{VJ« h … nm{VË`H$maH$Ed. Z{h nVrVmZm§ M
doXm{XemñÌmoŠVH$‘m}nXoeo, VXwŠVÎmÎdê$nna~«ô‘monXoeo dm Xrj`m gå~ÝYñWmnZo
dm A{YH$ma…. AVmo{h AmMm`©MaU¡… EVÝ‘mJu`Jwédrjm`¡ ""H¥$îUgodmnaËdo
g{V Xå^m{Xa{hVËdo g{V lr^mJdVVÎdkËd‘²'' (V.Xr.{Z.2&227) B{V
bjU§ {Z{X©ï>‘². VXmË‘O¡a{n ""‘mhmËå`kmZnydm} {h gwÑT>… gd©Vmo@{YH$…
ñZohmo ^pŠV… B{V àmoŠV… V`m ‘wpŠV… ZM AÝ`Wm. ‘mhmËå`kmnZm`¡d
ldU§ JwUH$‘©Um§ emñÌmUm‘² Cn`moJmo AÌ VÌ AmH$m§jm Jwamo… ^doX²''
(gm.Xr.8-9) B{V {Zê$ß` ñdOZH$moŠVbjU‘od
1.newKmVoZ ‘m§g{dH«$`§, V¡b{dH«$`§ ‘Ú{dH«$`§ dm `o Hw$d©pÝV Vofm‘²
AmOr{dH$m{^… CV `m… {h nÊ`pñÌ`mo ^dpÝV Vmgm§ ^¥{V… doe… VXmOr{dH$`m
dm CnOrdZ§ Z H$V©ì`‘² B{V AW©….(Jmo.í`m.‘.).
àX{e©V‘². EVoZ Z {ZOmamYZmàX©eZnaoU JwéUm ^mì`§ àË`wV {eî`m{YH$mamZwgmaoU
emñÌmo Š VH$V© ì `VÎdmÝ`Vamo n Xo e nao U ¡ d ^mì`‘² B{V {gÕç{V. AÝ`Wm
ñd^OZàXe© Z o Z AmOr{dH$mo n mO© Z o {h Y« w d « § Xmpå^H$Ëd‘² . VX² CŠV§
289
""bm^nyOmW©`ËZñ` CnY‘©ËdXodbH$Ëdm{XgånmXH$ËdmV² VX²ì`{V[aŠVoZ
A{Z{fÕàH$maoU'' ({g.‘w.{d.à.16) B{V nwéfmoÎm‘¡….
Bh EVpñ‘Z² bjUo "H¥$îUgodmnaËd§' VmdV² nw{ï>‘mJ} Jwamo… ñdê$n`mo½`VmYm`H§$,
"Xå^m{Xa{hVËd§'Vw Jwamo… ñdê$n{Zdm©hH§$ VW¡d "lr^mJdVVÎdkËd§' Jwamo…
’$b‘wI`mo½`VmYm`H$‘² B{V {ddoH$…. Vñ‘mX² Ðì`monmO©ZmWª Xå^oZ H¥$îUgodmnaËdo
^mJdVmonXoenaËdo dm nw{ï>^pŠVhmZo… JwéËdm{YH$maÀ`w{Vaod.
ZM *EVëbjUmonXo{eH$m`m§ ""H¥$îUgodmna§ drú`'' (V.Xr.{Z.2&227)
B{V H$m[aH$m`m‘{n Jw é Ëdo Z daUr`ñ` nw é fñ` H¥ $ îUgo d mnaVmdrjU§
H¥$îUgodmdrjUEd n`©dñ`V² H¥$îUgodmàXe©Zmdí`H$Vm§ àgmY`{V. AVEd
AmMm`©MaUmZm§ ""OZ{ejmH¥$Vo H¥$îU^pŠVH¥$V²... gd©bjUgånÝZmo Jwé…''
(gdm}.ñVmo.12-13) B{V Zm‘m{Z VXmË‘O¡… n{R>Vm{Z. Vñ‘mX² AmMm`©d§eO¡a{n
VW¡d ^{dVì`‘²* B{V dmÀ`§, `ñ‘mX² ""J¥hñW§ ~«mô‘U§ drú` Vm¡ XånVr
Am‘ÝÌ`'' B{V Am{Xï>ñ` AZwMañ` Z OmVw V`mo… XånË`mo… àU`H«$sS>mdrjU§
Yå`©‘² B{V `wŠV§ dŠVw‘². Zm{n ""Ed§JwUËdo@{n ~«ô‘M`m©{dßbdoZ `ËZmV²
nar{jV… nw§ñËdo, Ed§ pñÌ`mo ñÌrËdo narjUr`m'' (`m.~m.1&3&55) B{V
`mkdëH$s`~mbH«$sS>m`m§ daH$Ý`mnarjU`mo… CŠVËdoZ daH$Ý``mo… `mo{ZnarjU§
{eï>naånamZw‘V§ Ñí`Vo. dñVwVñVw JwéËdoZ {dd[afUr`… nwéfmo {ZO^JdËgodm`m…
AZwð>mZ§ Xå^H$m‘bmo^nyOmWª H$amo{V Z dm BË`od‘mH$maH$‘od drjU‘² Bh {dd{jV§
ZVw godm`m…. AmñVm§ VmdX² drjU§ ~hþbm {h ^JdËgodm nQ>mä`ÝVaod AZwð>r`Vo
ZM VÌ Xe©Zm{W©OZmZm§ àdoemo AZw‘V…, àX{e©VmVw OZoä`mo ^JdËgodm Aënr`ñ`od{o V
Z V`m H¥$îUgodmnaËd{ZíM`… gwb^mo, nQ>mä`ÝVaoVw gd¡V{ZH¡$… ^¥Ë`¡aod godm
gånmÚVB{V ^{jVo@{n bewZo Z emÝVmo ì`m{Y…. VX² CŠV§ ""‘ybo "Xå^m{X'
B{V "Am{X'nXoZ H$m‘bmo^nyOm… g§J¥h²`ÝVo'' (V.X.{Z.Am.2&227) B{V
AmdaU^§J.o AmMm`©MaUmZm§ "OZ{ejmH¥$Vo H¥$îU^pŠVH¥$X²' B{V ZmåZ… gßVQ>rH$m…
dV©ÝVo VÌ Z¡H$ñ`m‘{n AmMm`©MaU¡… OZà{ejUmWª ñdgoì`ñ` godm`m… àXe©Z§
H¥$V‘² B{V Cnbä`Vo. dñVwVñVw ñdñ` lrH¥$îUmñ`ñdê$nËdoZ H¥$îUgodmZwð>mZ‘²
AZmdí`H$‘{n nw{ï>OZ{ejUmWª ñd`§ H¥$VdmZ² BË`od Ame`…, ""Am{MZmo{V
{h emñÌmWm©Z² ñd`‘² AmMaVo Vw `…, {eî`mZ² J«mh`Vo `ñ‘mX² Vñ‘mX²
290
"AmMm`©…' CÀ`Vo'' B{V A{^`wŠVmopŠV… AÌ à‘mU‘². Z{h AmMm`©MaU¡…
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A{^d¥{Õñd^mdH$ËdmX² Aml‘Y‘£aod bmoHo$ ñd§ ^JdX²^md‘²
AZm{dîHw$d©Z² ^OoV BË`oVXme`oZ Vo Y‘m©… CŠVm. JmonZo ‘w»`hoV‘w ²
Amh "AÝd`mX²' B{V. `Vmo ^JdVm g‘‘² AÝd`§=gå~ÝY§ àmß`
dV©Vo, AVmo hoVmo… VWm... EVoZ `mdX² AÝV…H$aUo gmjmV² à^mo…
àmH$Q²>ç§ ZmpñV VmdXod ~{h… Am{dîH$aU§ gå^d{V, àmH$Q²>çoVw
Z VWm gå^d{V B{V km{nV‘²'' (~«.gy.dm.^m.3&4&49).
""ñdr`mZ² ^ŠVmZ² àXe©`oV²''(gmY.Xr{n.108).
""11.AnamYmo : Ad¡îUdñ` ñdgodmàXe©Z‘². ’$b§ :
dm{f©H$godm{Zî’$bËd‘²'' (66AnamYm…).
""Vñ` godm§ àHw$duV `mdÁOrd§ ñdY‘©V… Z ’$bmWª Z
^moJmWª Z à{Vð>mà{gÕ`o...'' ({ejmn.18&12).
BË`od‘m{Xfw àmMm§ dMZofw EVmÑem… à{VfoYm… Zmonb^o`w…. AÌ ñdr`mZ²
^ŠVmZ² àXe©`oX² Ad¡îUdmZ² Z àXe©`oV². ñdr`mA{n A^ŠVm… MoV² Z VmZ²
àXe©`oV². "ñdr`Ëdo g{V ^ŠVËd§' {h ñdñ` godm^JdVmo… Xe©Zo AÝ`ofm‘²
A{YH$m[aVm{Z{‘Îm‘². VW¡d VmZ² à{V àXe©Zo@{n Z H$ñ`{MV² ’$bñ` H$m‘Z`m
Zm{n àXe©ZoZ dm Vo Ðì`m{XH§$ à`ÀN>o`w… B{V hoVmo… dm. Zm{n godm{Zdm©hgm¡H$`}Z
lr^mJdVo V¥Vr`ñH$ÝYoM ""`ÁOmVm… gh d¥{Îm{^…'' (^mJ.nwam.3&6&34)
B{V ñdñdd¥{Îm-g{hV-dUm}Ën{ÎmH$WZo ~«m÷Uñ` ghOm d¥{Îm… {eî`mX² J«hUê$n¡d
CŠVm-
""‘wIVmo@dV©V ~«÷ nwéfñ` Hw$ê$Ûh
`ñVyÝ‘wIËdmX² dUm©Zm§ ‘w»`mo@^yX² ~«m÷Umo Jwé…&&''
(^mJ.nwam.3&6&30)
291
BË`Ì CÝ‘wIËdmX² JwéËdH$WZ§ d¥{ÎmàXe©H$‘², CnXoemdgao gd}fm‘²
A[aŠVnmUrZm§ dUm©Zm§ ZrMrZ‘wIËdoZ Jwamo… CÀM‘wIËdmV².
ñdñ` dm ñdH$s`mZm‘{n dm àgmXmZw^moJo AmOr{dH$monmO©Zm`mg‘wpŠVgm¡bä`‘²
B{V dm Xw^m©dZ`m. Zm{nM à{Vð>mà{gÕçdmßV`o godm^JdVmo… àXe©Z‘². ^JdVmo{h
ö{X AÝV…pñWVËdo Z¡d§ gå^d{V B{V gH$bdMZmZm§ g‘w{XVm{^àm`….
Bh A{d‘¥ï>dmXr {d‘e©H$mañVw dX{V : Z¡Vo {ZfoYm… goì`ñ` ^JdX²{dJ«hñ`
Vñ` go d m`m… dm àXe© Z à{Vfo Y nam… {H$ÝVw go d H$ñ` ^ŠË`mË‘H$mZm§
ñdgoì`{df`H$JyT>^mdmZm§ àXe©Z{ZfoYEd VmËn`©‘² B{V.
AÌ ~«y‘… : ^JdËñdê$nñ` VËgodm`m… godmZwHy$bgm‘½a²`m… Mo{V gd©ñ`
^mdmË‘H$Ëdo A§JrH¥$Vo@{n god¡d `ofm§ ^pŠV^mda{hVm MoV² H$m‘§ àXe©`ÝVw
XodbH$m… `oZ ^JdËñdê$nmo@{n H«$æ`^md‘² AmnÚoV. AÝ`WmVw godmàXe©Z§
^mdàXe©Z‘od.
`ñ‘mV² nw { ï>‘mJ} ^JdËñdê$n… VX² ^ OZñdê$n… VÌ Ano { jVm…
^Jdëbrbm^mdZmX`… M B{V gd©‘{n lr‘X²^mJdVnr`yfg‘wБWZj‘¡…
AmMm`©MaU¡… CX²^m{dV{‘{V ^mJdVdMZmZwamoYoZ¡d Jwamoa{n d¥qÎm {ZYm©a{`Vw‘²
Amhþ… lr^mJdVo BË`maä` CÀM‘wIËdmX² BË`ÝVoZ J«ÝW^mJoZ. EVoZ `{X Jwé…
^mJdVVÎdk… MoV² H$W‘² ^mJdVmoŠVmX² {dnarVm§ d¥qÎm g‘ml`oV²? {H$ÄM
EH$mXeñH$ÝYo M ~«m÷Ud¥Vr… CnH«$å`-
""à{VJ«h§ ‘Ý`‘mZg² VnñVoOmo`emoZwX‘²&
AÝ`mä`m‘od OrdoV {ebmX² dm XmofÑH²$ V`mo…&&''
(^mJ.nwam.11&17&41) B{V ^mJdVmoŠV‘².
amOg~wÕo… Vm‘g~wÕo… dm Xmpå^H$Jwamo… dm d¥{Îm… ^mJdVmZwgm[aUr Z MoV² g
H$W§H$ma§ lr‘X²^mJdVmoŠVm§ {ZJw©Um§ ^pŠV§ {Zdm}Tw>§ eŠZw`mX²? `WmM-
292

""‘X²JwUlw{V‘mÌoU ‘{` gd©Jwhme`o&
‘ZmoJ{V… A{dpÀN>ÝZm `Wm J§Jmå^gmo Aå~wYm¡&&
bjU§ ^pŠV`moJñ` {ZJ©wUñ` {h CXmöV‘²&
Ah¡VwH$s Aì`d{hVm `m ^pŠV… nwéfmoÎm‘o&&
gmbmoŠ`gm{ï©>gm{‘ß`gmê$ß`¡H$Ëd‘{n CV&
Xr`‘mZ§ Z J¥ôUpÝV {dZm ‘ËgodZ§ OmZm…&&
gEd ^pŠV`moJm»`… AmË`pÝVH$… CXmöV…&
`oZ A{Vd«Á` {ÌJwU§ ‘X²^mdm` CnnÚVo&&''
(^mJ.nwam.3&29&11-14)
BË`Ì {Zê${nVm. Vñ‘mX² `{X nw{ï>‘mJu`m… Jwadmo A^mJdVkm… MoV² Z Vofw
JwénXmh©Vm, `{XVw ^mJdVmonXoeH$m… MoV² VXm Hw$Vmo Z ^mJdVmoŠVm§ d¥{Îm‘²
CnOrdo`w…? Vñ‘mV² gd©doXmÝVgmaê$nñ` lr‘X²^mJdVñ` gd©gÝXohdmaH$ËdoZ
EVXWm}nmoX²~bZm` VÛmŠ`‘² AdVma`pÝV lr^mJdV... BË`m{XZm B{V
^mJdVmoŠV‘² BË`ÝVoZ. EVoZ ~«m÷Uñ` gd©dU©JwéËdoZ, JwéËdñ` M d¥{ÎmV`m
emñÌofw AZw‘VËdoZ, EH$mXeñH$ÝYr`oZ ~«m÷Ud¥{Îm{Zê$nHo$U dmŠ`oZm{n
à{VJ«hmpË‘H$m`m… d¥Îmoa{n Ë`mJoZ ñd{eî`monT>m¡{H$Vñ` A`m{MVñ`¡d Ðì`mXo…
J« h UmpË‘H$m d¥ { Îm… àeñVm. A{eî`mV² à{VJ« h ñ` AZw ‘ VËdo @ {n
VnñVoOmo`emonhmaH$Ëd§ Vñ` B{V dU©ZmV². {eboZ Hw$Qw>på~Zm§ {Zdm©hñ` XwîH$aËdoZ,
^¥VH$mÜ`mnZñ` J{h©VËdoZ, XoeH$mbÐì`H$V¥©‘ÝÌH$‘m©Um§ H${bH$mbXmofoU ñdVmo
AewÕmZm§ VÌ BXmZt Hw$Qw>på~Zm§ {eboZ AdV©‘mZËd§ OmZVm§, ^¥VH$mÜ`mnZo
à{VJ«ho M Xmof§ ní`Vm§, H$mbñ` `kà{VnjVm§ M ní`Vm§, nm[aeoî`mX² AÜ`mnZ‘od
d¥Îmm¡ Ad{eî`Vo. VoZm{n JwéËd‘od d¥{ÎmËdoZ ’$b{V.
`k’$bmoËnÎmm¡ Aghm`H$ËdoZ Mm{n nm[aeoî`mX² `mOZà{VJ«hmÜ`mnZofw AÜ`mnZ‘od
ñdd¥{ÎmV`m ñdrH$V©ì`‘² B{V {ZîH$f©…. Z{h AÌ {eî`mUm§ `OZmZwH$ënV`m
{dÎmOgodm {ZOJwamo… ^JdX²{dJ«hmW©‘² AZw‘Vm, Zm{n Jwamo… `mOZmZwH$ënV`m
293
VZwOgodm dm, B{V {deofVmo AdYo`‘². V{XX‘² CŠV§ "VÌ BXmZr‘²' BË`m{XZm
"JwéËd‘od d¥{ÎmËdoZ ’$b{V' BË`ÝV§ `mdV².
*
ZZw ^pŠV‘mJu`Jw a mo ñ Vw ^Jd{V ^pŠVànÎmrEd öX`o ^mdZmh} ,
VXmZwf§{JH$míM-^Jd{V gd©ñdg‘n©U§, ^JdËgm¡»`o gwpIËd§, {dahVmnmo, X¡Ý`§
dm BË`od‘mX`mo-JwUY‘m©…, Z nwZ… Ah§H$maOZH$m{Z VnñVoOmo`em§gr{V, Vofm§
hmZmd{n Z ^pŠV‘mJ} Xmof… H$íMZ. AVEd VnñVoOmo`emo{Zdm©{hH$mËdoZ
Cn{Xí`‘mZm d¥{Îma{n A^pŠV‘mJu`mZm§ ~«mô‘UmZm§ H¥$Vo ^dVw Z nwZ… ^ŠVmZm§
^pŠV‘mJu`Jwê$Um§ dm H¥$Vo* B{V MoV²-
VX² AgmYw , AmMm`© M aUmZm‘² ""VWm ñdd¥Î`ÝZoZ OrdVm§ gdª
gmÜ`‘²'',""`m‘‘m̧ ^JdËgodm§ {dYm` níMmX² A{Z{fÕoZ Cnm`oZ OrdZ§
gånmX`oV². nmaån`©OrdZ‘{n {Z{fÕ§ MoV² VXm Ë`ŠVì`‘² "AMm¡amUm‘²
AnmnmZm‘²' B{V dMZmV²'' (V.Xr.{Z.à.2&185,232) B{V CnXoemonbå^mV².
gd©ñdg‘n©U‘{n ñdd¥Î`monbãYñ`¡d ZVw AgX²d¥Î`m CnbãYñ` VX² CŠV§
""^JdËgodm`m‘{n pŠbï>§ Z g‘n©`oV²... gÝ‘mJm}nm{O©V§ Z AÝ`ofm§
^mJê$n‘²'' (VÌ¡d.236). ^JdËgm¡»`‘{n `ÑÀN>mbm^gÝVwï>oZ gånm{XVoZ
^JdËgwImonMmaoU ZVw AÝ`Wm VX² CŠV§ ""ApÀN>ÐgodZmV² M¡d {ZîH$m‘ËdmV²
ñd`mo½`V…-godZ§ ñd`mo½`mZwgmaoU ZVw Aën§ ~hþ dm à`moOH§$-Ðïw>§ eŠ`mo
h[a… gd£… Z AÝ`WmVw H$WÄMZ'' (V.Xr.{Z.à.2&316) B{V. godmnam`Uñ`
{dahVmnmo godmZdgaEd AÝ`Wm H$Wmnam`Uñ`¡d g ‘w»`mo Y‘©… VX² Cnnm{XV§
{ZamoYbjUñ` AmÚo íbmoH$Ì`o. X¡Ý`‘{n godm`m§ ^Jd{V gwImonMmag‘n©Uo
Ah§H$maam{hË`ê$n§ ZVw ^Jd{XVaOZofw ^JdËgodmWª VÔ«ì`mÚnojmê$n§ VX² CŠV§
""Xn©ñVw ^JdXr`V`m ñdënmo ‘¥½`Ed AÝ`Wm kmZ‘mJm©V² H$mo {deof…
ñ`mV²?'' (gw~mo.10&60&29) B{V. Vñ‘mV² nw{ï>‘mJ} ^JdVmo ^ŠV-ànÝZmoÕmaHo$
à‘o`~bo {Zð>mì`mOoZ ^JdVEd AmOr{dH$monmO©Zê$no OKÝ`o H$‘©{U {d{Z`moJ§
Hw$dm©U¡ñVw ^JdV… à‘mU-à‘`o-gmYZ-’$bê$nmUm§ MVwUm©‘{n ~bmZm‘²
Adbå~Zm{YH$m[aVmhmZo… gd©Wm Ë`mÁ`¡d B`§ XodbH$d¥{Îm….
`Îmw {d‘e} H$‘©XodbH$-H$ënXodbH$-ewÕXodbH$ê$n§ ^oXÌ`§ {Zê$ß` ""`oZ
Ho$Z àH$maoU {dîUmo… AmamYZ§ na§, Vñ‘mX² XodbH$ËdÝVw Z {dîUw{df`o
294
Šd{MV² ' ' (AmH$.ñW.A{Z{X© ï > ‘ ² ) B{V Hw $ eH$memdbå~Z§ M H¥ $ Ëdm
""^JdX²d§eOmVm… `o Vo d¡ ^mJdVm…... Z Xmofm` ^doV² Vofm§ ^yË`W©‘{n
nyOZ§... ^y{V‘yb§ `OoX² Xod§ Z ajmnmofU§ {dZm'' (Zma.g§{h.11&24-30)
BË`m{XH§$ ñdofm§ AmMm`©d§eOmVËdoZ ajmnmofUhoVwHo$ {h `oZ-Ho$Zm{n àH$maoU
^JdX²^OZo Z Xmof… H$píMX² B{V CÅ>{§ H$V§ VX² AbmoMZr`§ : `ofm§ d§eo J¥hrVOÝ‘V`m
ñdñ` ‘hm^mJdVËd§ ñdr{H«$`Vo Vofm§ {ZOmMm`m©Um‘² CnXoemdhobZ`m{n AmË‘Zmo
Xmofam{hË`‘² Aä`wno`Vo AWdm emñÌmZw‘VV`m `oZ-Ho$Zm{n àH$maoU ^JdX²^OZo
‘Zmo^aB{V VWm ÚmoË`Vo? AmÚo ‘ybmoÀN>oXo Z emImàamoh…. {ÛVr`o ZoX§
nmÄMamÌmJ‘m{^àoV§ {H$ÝVw XodbH$Xwdm©gZm{^àoV‘od `Wm VWm Cnnm{XV‘² Añ‘m{^…
{demoY{ZH$m`m‘² B{V VVmo AdYo`‘².
gd© W m{h nmÄMamÌmJ‘o î do d nw é fmo Î m‘ñ` ñdmW© - namW© - à{Vð> ` mo …
nmW©Š`mä`wnJ‘oZ {ZOJ¥ho ñdmW©à{Vð>m{nVñ` ^JdX²{dJ«hñ` ^OZo ZmÝ`Ðì`mXo…
CnmXo ` Vm. namW© à {Vð> m {nVXo d mb`o ^OZàH$ma‘² AOmZVm§ gmjmX² dm
^OZm{YH$maa{hVmZm§ à{V{Z{YV`m ^JdXM© Z o VÕo V w H $X{jUm§ J rH$mañVw
AmJ‘mon{Xï>ËdoZ AXmofmdh…. ZM nw{ï>‘mJ} Jmoñdm{‘Zm§ {Zdmgo à{Vð>m{nVm…
^JdÝ‘yV©`mo@{n namWm©Ed B{V Anb{nVì`§ ñdmkmZm{dîH$aUmV². VWm{h
""{gÝYwVrao g[aËHy$bo J«m‘o dm {d{nZm{XHo$&
OJVm§ jo‘bm^m` XwîH¥$Vm§ {ZYZm` M&&
`wŠVÄM EVX² AZwnH¥$Ë` nañdJ«hUo F${UËdoZ ~ÝYñ` àgÄOZmV².
nañnamonH$mao(U) M lo`…àmßVo… JrVm`m§ `kàg§Jo CŠVËdmV² VÝÝ`m`ñ` Bhm{n
eŠ`dMZËdoZ {ZF$©{UËdoZ ~ÝYm^mdmV² M.
{H$ÄM F$VmoÎma‘² "A‘¥Vm'»`m`m… A`m{MVd¥Îmo… CŠVËdmV² Vñ`m‘{n
{eî`ñ`¡d J«mh²`§ Z BVañ`Vw Ed§ g§H$moMo Vñ`m… A{VàeñVËd{g{Õ….
g§pñWVmo dmgwXodñVw "namW©…' B{V H$Ï`Vo&
gEd gd©’$bX… gd}fm§ ‘wpŠVXm`H$…&&
Vñ‘mV² gd©OZ¡… goì`… namW©… nwéfmoÎm‘…&
~«mô‘U¡… j{Ì`¡… d¡í`¡… eyÐmÚ¡… ñd-ñdgÙ{Z&
295
ñWm{nVmo XodXodñVw "ñdmW©…' B{V A{^Yr`Vo&&
nídmam‘J¥hjoÌnwÌmÚm… ñdmW©gånX…&
VÝ‘mÌXmZmV² VÔod… "ñdmW©…' gåàH$s{V©V…&&
namW©… gy`©gÑe… ñdmW©ñVw J¥hXrndV²&&''
(lràíZg§{h.53&151-57) B{V.
EVoZ ñdmW©à{Vð>m{nVXodmM©ZmÚWª ñdmW©gånXEd XmZ{Z`‘ZmX² AÝ`ofm§ Ðì`mXo…
{ZfoYmo AW©b½Zmo@{n Am`m{V. AÝ`Wm ^oXd¡`Ï`m©nÎmo…. ZM *ñdmW©gånÔmZo
""XmZo {h Z ñd{d{Z`moJ…'' (Zd.a.à.1) B{V dMZoZ ñdmon^moJ{ZfoYmX²
A{Zdo{XV^moJñ`m{n {ZfoYmV² M ^OZmgå^doZ AeŠ`monXoe…* B{V e§Š`‘²,
EVñ‘mXod hoVmo… AÌ "XmZ'nX§ g‘n©Um{^àm`H§$ ‘ÝVì`‘². `wŠVÄM EVX² B{V.
AZwnH¥$Ë` B{V, {Zh}VwHo$Vw naÐì`J«hUo AmË‘Z… F${UËdoZ ~ÝYàg§JmV² Z VWm
H$V©ì`‘² B{V {ZîH$f©…. JwéËdoZVw ‘ÝÌ-H$V©ì`-emñÌmÚwnXoeÛmam {eî`monH$mao
gånm{XVo g{V A`m{MVoZ VoZ ñdH¥$VkVmÚmoVH$ñ` Ðì`mXo… J«hUoVw Z H$íMZ
Xmofmo ‘ÝVì`…. V‘² EV‘² AW©‘² JrVmdMZoZ CnmoX²~b`pÝV nañnamonH$mao...
BË`m{XZm ...~ÝYm^mdmV² M BË`ÝVoZ J«ÝW^mJoZ.
{H$ÄM B{V. BX‘² AÌ AdYo`‘² `mOZmÜ`mnZà{VJ«hm… {h ~«m÷Ud¥Îm`….
Vmñd{n ‘¥Vm‘¥V^oXmo ^{dVw‘² Ah©{V. VX² CŠV§ ""dmVm©-{d{MÌm-embrZ
`m`mda-{ebmoÄ N> Z§ {dàd¥{Îm… MVwY m© B`§, lo`grM CÎmamoÎmam...
F$Vm‘¥Vmä`m§ OrdoV ‘¥VoZ à‘¥VoZ dm gË`mZ¥Vmä`m§ OrdoV² Z ídd¥Î`m
H$WÄMZ. F$V‘² CÄN>{eb§ àmoŠV‘² A‘¥V§ ñ`mX² A`m{MV§, ‘¥VÝVw
{ZË``mÄMm ñ`mV² à‘¥V§ H$f©U§ ñ‘¥V§, gË`mZ¥VÝVw dm{UÁ`§ ídd¥{Îm…
ZrMgo d Z‘² dO© ` o V ² Vm§ gXm {dàmo amOÝ`… M Ow J w p ßgVm‘² ' '
(^mJ.nwam.7&12&16-20) B{V. Vñ‘mX² `mOZmÜ`m`nZà{VJ«hofw A`m{MVàmßV§
Ðì`m{XH$‘² A‘¥V§ ^d{V. `m{MVÝVw nwZ… ‘¥V‘² B{V {ddoH$…. F$Vm‘¥V‘¥Vd¥{Îm{^…
OrdZmeŠ`Ëdo emñÌo à‘¥V-gË`mZ¥V-d¥{Îmä`m‘{n AmOr{dH$mgånmXZ§ {dàñ`
H¥$Vo AZwH$ënËdoZ {d{hV‘². Amn{X H¥$frdboZ dm{UÁ`oZ dm {dàmo Or{dH$m§
gånmX`o X ² B{V A{^àm`…. EVmä`m§ d¥ { Îmä`m‘² AmOr{dH$m§ Hw $ d© Z ²
`OZmÜ``ZXmZnam`Umo ~«m÷Umo ~«m÷UEd B{V {ZîH$f©…. `ñVw ^¥VH$mÜ`mnH$mo
^¥VH$`mOH$mo dm gVw Xw~«m©÷U… B{V Z VÌ g§e`… H$píMV². Bh{h "ídd¥{Îm…
ZrMgodZ‘²' BË`Ì "ZrMgodZ'nXoZ ~«m÷Uñ` ~«m÷UoVa^¥Ë`Vm{ZÝXm`m§ VmËn`ª
296
~mo Õ ç‘² . Vo Z AmYw { ZHo $ gmd© O {ZH$Ý`mgm§ J ^y V Xo d mb`o Xo d mM© Z o Z
Or{dH$mgånmXZnamUm§ Ibw {ZOmMm`©d§eOmZm§ `{X XodXe©Zm{W©gd©OZ^¥Ë`Vm
dm VËà{V{Z{Y^yVÝ`m{gOZ^¥Ë`Vm dm gd©Wm{n gmVw ídd¥{Îmaod B{V Z g§e`….
AW Xodmb`o à{Vð>m{nVXod{dJ«h^¥Ë`Vm d¥Î`W©‘² A{^àoVm MoV² VXm H$WpÄMV²
ZrMgodZXmofn[ahmao@{n ""^JdXW} ^JdmZ² Z goì`VB{V Z H¥$îU… Vwî`{V''
(V.Xr.{Z.à.17) B{V Ý`m`Vm¡ë`oZ A^pŠVê$nVm ñnï>m. XodgodmW©‘od
Xod^¥Ë`Vm`m§ Xodmb`ì`dñWm{dYmZo AmdmgñWbmÝZdñÌm{XH§$ `V² {H$‘{n
Xod^¥Ë`nmofUmWª {Z`V§ VVmo@{V[aŠV§ gdª Xodñd{‘{V Vofw `ñ` H$ñ`m{n dñVwZmo
J«hUo XodñdmnhmaEdo{V pñW{V….
AñVw àH¥$V‘² AZwgam‘…. gdm©gw Ibw d¥{Îmfw A`m{MVd¥{Îm… {h A‘¥Vmon‘m.
V`mM OrdZgånmXZmJ«ho ñd{eî`¡ado g‘mZrVñ` Ðì`mXo… J«hUd«Vo AÜ`mnZd¥{Îma{n
A‘¥Vmon‘m ^d{V. Vñ‘mV² ñd{eî`¡aod CnmZrVñ` J«hU‘² B{V {Z`‘g§H$moMo ^¥e§
VÌ àmeñË`§ M ^d{V B{V Amhþ… {H$ÄM BË`m{XZm A{VàeñVËd{g{Õ…
BË`ÝVoZ J«ÝW^mJoZ. Šd{MX² "A{n àeñVËd{g{Õ…' BË`{n nmR>….
{H$ÄM ""dmVm©-gÄM`-embrZ-{ebmoÄN>B{V d¡ J¥ho'' (^mJ.nwam.3&
12&42) B{V CŠVmgw MVg¥ f w J¥ h ñWd¥ { Vîd{n dmVm© ` m… Jh² ` © Ë dmX² ,
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297
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298
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299
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ÛofmXodmn{gÕmÝVo amofmX{n VWm ‘`m&
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H$Qw>àË`wŠV`mo Z¡H$m… ì`m»`m`m§ `mo{OVm… ‘`m&
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nm¡éf§ àH$Q>rH¥$Ë` IÊS>Zr`m… ‘XwŠV`…&&
303
ZM dÄMH$‘m¡ZoZ d{V©Vì`§ ñd‘m{Z{^…&
Z namojo {h {ZÝXm{^… dÄMZr`m… ñd‘m{J©U…&&
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g§H$moMmo@Ì Z H$V©ì`mo ‘X²dM…IÊS>Zo ‘wYm&&
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Z d¡Xwî`moËH$f©àH$Q>Z{Y`m dm{n {bpIVm&
‘`o`§ ì`m»`o{V ‘Z{g Z{h ^mì`§ Vw ^dVm
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304
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MH«$m§Ho$ nÅ>o ‘wÐmgw... ’$bn`©dgm{`Ý`od Z B{V H$pënËdm {eï>mMmamV². ZM
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gpÝZ{Y… B{V MoV², gm{n {MÌÛma¡do{V bo»`m`mEd VÌ à`moOH$ËdmV²,
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{MÌ^mdmZ{VaoH$mV², "nÅ>'nXd¡`Ï`©VmXdñÏ`mV². Vñ‘mX² d¥W¡d nmR>H$ënVmo
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B{V ^«mpÝV‘y{bH$m Añne©e§H$m. qbJ§ ZmqbJr B{V {XH²$. B{V lrnwéfmoÎm‘H¥$Vm¡
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305
nrR>mYre¡… göX`YwaÝYa¡… {Za{Ve`oZ Am¡Xm`}U P{Q>{V àH$meZm` VV² ņ
X{e©V§ M XÎm§ Mo{V
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ñd^º²$`¡H$bä`§ ’$b§ ^JdmZ² ñddñÌm{XgodmH$V¥©ä`mo {dVa{V* B{V, `ñ‘mV²-
emñÌoîd{d{hVËdmÎmw nyOZmXoagå^dmV²&&
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VWm{h gd©g‘W} ^Jd{V VWm{dYgm‘Ï`©gX²^mdo@{n ^JdX²{dJ«h§ {dhm`
VËn[aY¥VdñÌmXrZm§ ^OZñ` emñÌofw Šd{MX{n {dYmZmXe©ZmV², ^ŠË`§J^yV-
fmoS>emonMmam{X-{d{YZm dñÌmUm§ nyOZmgå^dmV², ""MÝXZmoera-H$ny©a-
Hw $ § H w $ ‘mJw é -dm{gV¡ … , g{bb¡ … ñZmn`o Z ² ‘ÝÌ¡ … {ZË`Xm...''
(^mJ.nw a m.11&27&30) BË`o d ‘m{X{^… dMZ¡ … {ZË`ñZmnZñ` VWm
gy`M© ÝÐmonamJmÚwÎmaH$mbo M ew{ÕgånmXZm` naånamàmßVñ` ^JdX²{dJ«hñZmnZmXoa{n
dñÌofw AeŠ`ËdmV² M, V{ÛZm Aew{Õ{ZdmaUmgå^dmV² Mm{n Ag‘ÄOg‘od BX§
à{VnmXZ‘² . {H$ÄM ""Ëd`m Cn^w Š Vò½JÝYdmgmo @ b§ H $maM{M© V m…,
CpÀN>ï>^mo{OZmo Xmgm… Vd ‘m`m§ O`o‘hr'' (^mJ.nwam.11&6&46) B{V dmŠ`o
ò½JÝYmXrZm§ ^JdËgodm`m§ {d{Z`moJo OmVo godH$OZmon^moJmh©Vm{Zê$nUmX²
"dmg…'nXoZ dñÌñ`m{n ò½JÝYm{XJUo n[aJUZmV² M. Z Ibw AVmo ^JdX²dñÌmUm§
godm ^pŠV‘mJu`‘w»`’$bXmZm` Ab‘² B{V àmßVo ~«y‘…-
emñÌmoŠVËdmV² VWmMmamX² ^JdX²dñÌgodZ‘²&&
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VWm{h emñÌm{d{hVËdm{^YmZÝVw VmdX² ^¥e‘² Ag‘r{jV‘od, `ñ‘mV²
ñ‘¥Ë`W©gmao ""Aßgw A½Zm¡ öX`o gy`} ñWpÊS>bo à{V‘mgw M embJ«m‘o M
MH«$m§Ho$ nQ>o ‘wÐmgw XodVm {ZË`§ gpÝV {haÊ`ofw ~«m÷Uofw M Jmofw
^¥e§ H¥$VkV`m d`§ Voä`mo ~hþYÝ`dmX§ {ZdoX`m‘…. V‘oV‘² EH$nÌ‘² AZwg¥Ë`
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306
H$a`wJbo g‘n©`m‘…. Añ`M "O`-lrH¥$îUmo'ÀMmaUdmXñ` Mo{V C^`mo…
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Añ‘m{^aod ñWm{nV…(Jmo.í`m.‘.).
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^JdX²^mdZ`m godmH¥$Vo… Cnbä`‘mZËdmV² M.
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bm¡hr boß`m bo»`m M g¡H$Vr ‘Zmo‘`r ‘{U‘`r à{V‘m Aï>{dYm ñ‘¥Vm''
(^mJ.nw a m.11&27&12) BË`Ì Aï>{dYà{V‘mgw "bo » `m'B{V nXo Z
{MÌà{V‘m`mA{n n[aJUZmV². "à{V‘m'nXoZ¡d M {MÌnQ>ñ`m{n JVmW©ËdmX²
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B{V dmÀ`§ "{MÌ'nXmoÀMmaUo {MÌ{VamoYmZdV… nQ>ñ` ~wÕm¡ AgpÝZYmZmV². AW
Om`VEd gpÝZ{Y… B{V MoV² gm{n {MÌÛma¡d bo»`m`mEd VÌ à`moOH$ËdoZ
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gm‘mÝ`§ nQ>‘² AJ‘`Z² ^JdËgå~ÝY{d{eï>‘od nQ>§ J‘`{V B{V {ZîH$f©….
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B{V AW©…. ""gdª VÕrîÊ`‘² B©jÜd‘² Ed§ d… Vmo{fVmo{h Agm¡''
(^mJ.nwam.6&4&13) B{V dmŠ`mV² VWmXe©Z‘{n VmofhoVw…
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(^mJ.nw a m.3&29&21) ""^ñ‘Ý`o d Ow h mo { V g''
307
(^mJ.nw a m.3&29&22) BË`m{XdV² . "Vd'B{V fï>çm
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Anoú`Vo. ""‘¥Ë`mo… g ‘¥Ë`w‘² AmßZmo{V ` Bh ZmZod ní`{V''
(H$R>mon.4&10) B{V ^oXXe©ZEd ‘¥Ë`wnamH«$‘ldUmV².
(^mJ.gw~mo.10&87&27)B{V.
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{~^¥Z²'' (^mJ.nwam.11&29&46) B{V CÕddZàñWmZàg§Jo dU©Zmonbå^mX².
^JdV… lram‘MÝÐñ`m{n MaUma{dÝXgå~ÝYoZ ñdmamÜ`^mdZ`m ^aVñ`
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{H$pÄMX² Cnm`Z§ M CnöV§ ‘hmhª g nmXw H $mä`m àW‘§ {Zdo Ú ''
(dm.am.A`mo.112&29,15&26-27) B{V. JwénmXwH$mnyOZm{XàH$mamo@{n
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VW¡d ^JdX²dñÌmXo… goì`Ëdo@{n B{V ~moÜ`‘². `Îmw {ZË`§ gy`©MÝÐmonamJmÚwÎmaH$mbo
M ewÕçWm© ñZmnZm{X{d^r{fH$m gm{n nyOm{dÜ`mZmbmoMZ‘y{bH¡$d. VWm{h ^mJdVo
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AMm©`m‘od Vw CÕd'' (^mJ.nwam.11&27&14-46) B{V dMZmonbå^mX²
AàmßV‘od ñZmnZ§ {MÌà{V‘m`m{‘d dñÌo@{n. {ZU©`{gÝYmd{n ""{MÌ‘¥Ê‘`mXm¡
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^JdV… lrOJÝZmWñ` Xmé‘`{dJ«hñ` Xn©UEd ñZmnZ{dÜ`wnbå^mV². Vñ‘mX²
308
^«mpÝV‘y{bH¡$d {ZË`§ dm gy`m}namJmÚwÎmaH$mbo dm goì`ñ` ^JdX²dñÌmXo…
Aew{Õ{ZdmaUmeŠ`Vmn{Îm….
`Îmw ^JdXwn^wŠVò½JÝYmXo… ^JdX²^¥Ë`^moJmh©Vm{Zê$nH§$ ^mJdVdMZ§, Z
VX² ^JdX²dñÌmXo… godZ{ZfoYo n`©dg{V {H$‘wV ^JdX²^¥Ë`^moJmZwkmna‘od VX²
B{V ~moÜ`‘². Z{h àmUà{Vð>mdmhZ-a{hVofw H$beà{V‘m{Xfw nyÁ`Ëdm^md…
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(^mJ.nwam.11&27&48-49).
B{V ^JdX²dñÌm{XgodZ§ ^pŠV‘mJ} gd©Wm g‘rMrZ‘od B{V {XH²$.
gm‘mÝ`emñÌmÜ``Zm{XeyÝ`§
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dmXmdbrVmo gwVdËgbmZ² VmZ²
lrVmVnmXmZ² àU‘Z² ñ‘am{‘&&5&&
B{V lrnwéfmoÎm‘{da{MV… VËH¥$nmgm{XV‘{VZm M
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309
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(nyd©nj…)
qH$ VmdV² àmßV‘²? OKÝ`‘od B{V. Hw$V…? nwamUofw VW¡d CŠVo… VWm{h
V¥Vr`ñH$ÝYo ""`mo ‘m§ gd}fw ^yVofw gÝV‘² AmË‘mZ‘² B©ída§ {hËdm AMmª ^OVo
‘m¡T>² çmX² ^ñ‘Ý`od Owhmo{V g…'' (^mJ.nwam.3&39&22) BË`m{XdmŠ`of.w ""`ñ`
AmË‘~w{Õ… Hw$Uno {ÌYmVwHo$ ñdYr… H$bÌm{Xfw ^m¡‘o B©Á`Yr… `… VrW©~w{Õ…
g{bbo Z H${h©{MO² OZofw A{^kofw gEd JmoIa…'' (^mJ.nwam.10&84&13)
B{V Xe‘ñW^JdÛmŠ`o M {ZÝXmñ‘aUmV². EH$mXeñH$ÝYoM ""gy`m} Ap½Z…
~«m÷Um… Jmdmo d¡îUd… I§ ‘éO² Ob§ ^y… AmË‘m gd©^yVm{Z ^ÐnyOmnXm{Z
‘o'' (^mJ.nwam.11&11&42) BË`Ì nyOmnXofw à{V‘m`m… AZwŠVo… M. ZM *""Aßgw
A½Zm¡ öX`o gy`} ñWpÊS>bo à{V‘mgw M embJ«m‘o M MH«$m§Ho$ nQ>o ‘wÐmgw XodVm
{ZË`§ gpÝV {haÊ`o M ~«m÷Uofw M Jmofw M'' (ñ‘¥.gm. & ) B{V ñ‘¥Ë`W©gmao
dMZmX² BVagmYmaÊ`‘²* B{V dmÀ`‘², AmMma‘mYdo-
""AM©Z§ gåàdú`m{‘ {dîUmo… A{‘VVoOgmo&
`V² H¥$Ëdm ‘wZ`… gd} na§ {ZJw©U‘² AmßZw`w…&&
Aßgw A½Zm¡ öX`o gy`} ñWpÊS>bo à{V‘mgw M&
fQ²>gw EVofw hao… gå`J² AM©Z§ ‘w{Z{^… ñ‘¥V‘²&&
A½Zm¡ {H«$`mdVm§ Xodmo {X{d Xodmo ‘Zr{fUm‘²&
à{V‘mgw Aën~wÕrZm§ `mo{JZm§ öX`o h[a…&&
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(Ðï>. : ñ‘¥.M.AmpôZ.Xod.) B{V.
310

B{V Am½Zo`dMZo à{V‘mM©Zñ` Aën~wÕç{YH$mamoŠVo…. EdÄM BVag‘Ëdñ`m{n
AeŠ`dMZËdoZ l¡ð>çñ` XyamnmñVËdmX² OKÝ`‘od à{V‘m`m§ nyOZ‘².
(CÎmanj…)
B{V àmßVo CÀ`Vo-
1
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ÌoYm h[aËdmZ² ‘yV}… 4lrH¥$îUmo 5^º²$`oh goì`Vm‘²&&2&&
(ñdm{YH$m[aËdmZwê$nËdmXod {OkmgwZm H¥$Vo ‘y{V©nyOZo Z H$mo@{n Xmof…)
JrVm`m§ ""MVw{d©Ym ^OÝVo ‘m‘²'' (^J.JrVm.7&16) BË`Ì AmVm©XrZm§
MVwUmª ^OZo A{YH$ma… CŠV…, Vofw AmVm©Wm©{W©Zm¡ `mdË’$b§ ^OZ§ H¥$Ëdm VV…
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gÝXoh….
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godZo nyOZ§ loð>‘do , ‘hmamoJJ«ñV-ñdmñÏ`gånmXH$m¡fYdV². ZM *""àmV‘©Ü`pÝXZo
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AeŠVm¡ {dñVao U ¡ d § àmV… gåny Á ` Ho $ ed§ ‘Ü`môZo M¡ d gm`§ M
nwînmÄO{b‘{n {jnoV². ‘Ü`môZo M {dñVaoU g§jonoU AWdm h[a¨ gånyÁ`
^moOZ§ Hw$`m©X² AÝ`Wm ZaH§$ d«OoX²'' (H$mb.{ZU©. & ) B{V H$mb{ZU©`Xr{nH$m`m§
ZmaXr`mV² {ZË`m`m… Vñ`m… àË`dm`àmJ^md-n[anmbZ‘mÌmW© Ë dmV² Z
’$bgmYH$Ëd{‘{V Ñï> m ÝVd¡ f å`mV² Z l¡ ð > ç ‘² * B{V dmÀ`§ , {ZË`ñ`
VmdÝ‘mÌmW©Vm`m… Aà`moOH$ËdmV². VWm g{V `mdÁOrdm{YH$maH$mp½ZhmoÌmX{n
311
ñdJm©Ú^mdàgŠVo…, V×moYH$-"ñdJ©H$m‘m'{X-nXd¡`Ï`©àgŠVo… M. {H$ÝVw
nydm}ŠVJrVmdmŠ`o (^J.JrVm.7&16) A{YH$m[a‘wIoZ ’$bgå~ÝY~moYZmV²
""lw{Vñ‘¥Vr ‘‘¡dmko `ñV Cëb§¿` dV©Vo AmkmoÀN>oXr ‘‘ Ûofr ‘X²^ŠVmo@{n
Z d¡îUd…'' ( . & ) B{V dMZmX² {dYo… {Z`moJmW©Vm`mEd Am¡{MË`mX². AV…
VXwŠVmH$aUo amOXÊS>dV² àË`dm`…, H$aUoVw VÛXod ’$b{‘{V Ñï>mÝVd¡få`m^mdmV²
Z l¡ð>çhm{Z…, ""nyOZ§ à{V‘m`m§ Vw CÎm‘§ n[aH$s{V©V‘²'' (H$m.{Z.Xr. & )
B{V, H$mb{ZU©`Xr{nH$m`m§ àmV…H$mbñWbo {dîUwY‘m}ÎmadmŠ`oZ CÎm‘Ëdñ`
H$ÊR>moŠVËdmV² M. ZM *BX‘² Ad¡{XH$na‘²* B{V dmÀ`§, {d{ZJ‘H$m^mdmV²
àË`wV ñ‘¥Ë`W©gmao-
""Aßgw A½Zm¡ öX`o gy`} ñWpÊS>bo à{V‘mgw M&
embJ«m‘o M MH«$m§Ho$ nQ>o ‘wÐmgw XodVm&&
{ZË`§ gpÝV {haÊ`o M ~«m÷Uofw M Jmofw M&
nm¡éfoU M gyŠVoZ Jm`Í`m àUdoZ dm&&
Vpëb§J¡aod dm ‘ÝÌ¡a² AM©`oX² Jwd©Zwk`m&''
(ñ‘¥Ë`W©. & )
B{V dmŠ`oZ d¡{XH$naËdàmßVo… M. ZM *""Z Vñ` à{V‘m ApñV Vñ`
Zm‘ ‘hX² `e…''(ídoVm.Cn.4&19) B{V ‘mÜ`pÝXZlwVm¡ ~«÷à{V‘m{ZfoYmV²
VËny O Z‘² AgmåàV‘² * B{V dmÀ`§ , lw V o … gmå`{Zfo Y naËdmV²
d¡eånm`ZghòZm‘ì`m»`m`m§ e§H$amMm`£… VWm ì`m»`mZmV². ""Z VËg‘íM
Aä`{YH$íM Ñí`Vo'' (ídoVm.Cn.6&8) B{V lwË`ÝVao@{n VWm {ZU©`mV²
M. {H$ÄM nydm}ŠÎmm½Zo`dmŠ`o fQ²>gw gå`ŠnyOZ§ ñ‘¥V{‘{V nyOZñ` fQ²>gw
CÎm‘Ëd‘² CŠËdm ""A½Zm¡ {H«$`mdVm‘²'' (Ap½Znw. & & ) BË`m{XZm
VÎmÀN´>ÕmZwamoYoZ nyOmWª ^JdpËñW{V… BË`Ì AÜ`möË` CÀ`Vo ZVw pñWVm¡
d¡få`~moYZm` Ed‘² CpŠV… ""Vñ` gd©JVËdmV² M'' (VÌ¡d) B{V hoËdÝVañ`,
lÕmZwamoYñ` M Vofw-Vofw Vm¡ë`mV². AV… H$W§ OmKÝ`gå^mdZm{n lÕmd¡få`H¥$V§
d¡få`ÝVw gd©Ì g‘mZ‘². loð>çÝVw Cnnm{XV‘odo{V OKÝ`Vmdm{XZEd OKÝ`m…
B{V {XH²$.
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*
ZZw `{X Ed§ V{h© EH$mXeñH$ÝYo ""gy`m} Ap½Z…'' (^mJ.nwam.11&11&42)
BË`Ì à{V‘m{n Hw$Vmo Z CŠVm* B{V MoX², CÀ`Vo-nydm}ÎmaJ«ÝW‘² AOmZZ² Ed§
dX{g ny d ª { h ""^pŠV… Ëd{` Cn`w Á `o V H$sÑer gX² { ^… AmÑVm''
(^mJ.nwam.11&11&26) B{V CÕdàíZo ^pŠV§ dú`Z² ""‘pëb§J-‘X²^ŠVOZ-
Xe©Zñne©ZmM©Z‘²'' (^mJ.nwam.11&11&34) BË`m{XZm ^pŠVgmYZm{Z dXZ²-
""JrVVmÊS>ddm{XÌJmoð>r{^… ‘X²J¥hmoËgd…&
`mÌm ~{b{dYmZ§ M gd©dm{f©H$nd©gw&&
d¡{XH$s VmpÝÌH$s Xrjm ‘Xr`d«VYmaU‘²&
‘‘ AMm©ñWmnZo lÕm ñdV… g§öË` M CÚ‘…&&
CÚmZmondZmH«$sS>nwa‘pÝXaH$‘©{U&
gå‘mO©Zmonbonmä`m§ goH$‘ÊS>bdV©Z¡…&&
J¥hewlyfU§ ‘h²`§ XmgdX² `X² A‘m``m&
A‘m{ZËd‘² AXpå^Ëd§ H¥$Vñ` An[aH$sV©Z‘²&&
A{n XrnmdbmoH§$ ‘o Zmon`wÄÁ`mX² {Zdo{XV‘²&
`ÚX² Bï>V‘§ bmoHo$ `ÀM A{V{à`‘² AmË‘Z…&&
VÎmZ² {ZdoX`oZ² ‘h²`§ VX² AmZÝË`m` H$ënVo&''
(^mJ.nwam.11&11&36-41)
BË`ÝV¡ … ‘y { V© n y O m§ gn[aH$am‘² Cº$‰ m ; níMmV² , ""gy`m} Ap½Z…''
(^mJ.nwam.11&11&42) BË`ZoZ EH$mXe nyOmñWmZm{Z, VVmo OKÝ`m{Z, gd©Ì
ñdpñW{V~moYZm` A‘m{ZËdm` ^oXÑ{ï>dmaUm` M AdXV². AVEd-
""gy`}Vw {dÚ`m Ìæ`m h{dfm A½Zm¡ `OoV ‘m‘²&
Am{VÏ`oZVw {dàm½`o« Jmofw A§J `dgm{XZm&&
d¡îUdo ~ÝYwgËH¥$Ë`m ö{X Io Ü`mZ{Zð>`m&
313
dm`m¡ ‘w»`{Y`m Vmo`o Ðì`¡… Vmo`nwañH¥$V¡…&&
ñWpÊS>bo ‘ÝÌöX`¡… ^moJ¡… AmË‘mZ‘² AmË‘{Z&
joÌk§ gd©^yVofw g‘ËdoZ `OoV ‘m‘²&&''
(^mJ.nwam.11&11&43-45) B{V.
EH§$ gmYZ‘² CŠVdmZ² ZVw nyd©dV² Zm‘moËgdm{Xnyd©H$m{U ZmZmgmYZm{Z. VoZ
‘y{V©nyOZ‘od ‘w»`§ ^pŠVgmYZ‘² A{^àoV‘² B{V {ZíMr`Vo, Ü`mZgm¡H$`m©V² M.
""{YîÊ`ofw EVofw ‘Ðÿn§ e§IMH«$JXmå~wO¡… `wŠV§ MVw^w©O§ emÝV§ Ü`m`Z² AM}V²
g‘m{hV…'' (^mJ.nwam.11&11&46) B{V dmŠ`o Ü`mZñ` AM©Zm{YH$maËdoZ
H$WZmV² Vñ` AÌ gm¡H$`m©V². Ed‘od gßVqdeo ‘hmnwéfnyOmÜ`m`o@{n ^JdVm
‘y{V©nyO¡d ‘hVm à~ÝYoZ d¡{XH$-VmpÝÌH$-{‘l^oX¡… Ý`ê${n. AVmo A`§ ^«mÝVmZm§
‘y{V©ÛoîQ¥>Um‘od n`©Zw`moJ….
(kmZXmofmUm‘² AàgŠÎmËdmV² gm‘mÝ`Vmo Z Xmof…)
*
ZZw Ed§ g{V V¥Vr`-ñH$ÝYmoŠV-{ZÝXm`m… {Z{d©f`Ëdmn{Îm…* B{V MoV² Z,
n¥W½^mdoZ H¥$Vm`m… nyOm`m… {df`ËdmV², àH$aUoZ VWm {ZíM`mV². VÌ{h
""^pŠV`moJmo ~hþ{dYmo ‘mJ£… ^m{‘{Z ^mì`Vo, ñd^mdJwU‘mJ}U nw§gm§ ^mdmo
{d{^ÚVo'' (^mJ.nwam.3&29&7) B{V CnH«$‘o ^pŠV‘mJ©ñ` ZmZmËdm{XH§$ à{Vkm`
""A{^gÝYm` `mo qhgm‘²'' (^mJ.nwam.3&29&8) BË`m{X{Ì{^… Zd{dYm§
gJwU^pŠV§ dXVm amOg^ŠVm¡ `m à{V‘mnyOm ""AMm©Xm¡ AM©`oX² `mo ‘m§
n¥W½^md… g amOg…'' (^mJ.nwam.3&29&9) BË`ZoZ CŠVm, g¡d ""Ah§ gd}fw
^y V o f w ^y V mË‘m AdpñWV… gXm, V‘² Adkm` ‘m§ ‘Ë`© … Hw $ éVo
AMm©{dS>å~Z‘²'' (^mJ.nwam. 3&29&21) B{V Ûmä`m§ {ZÝÚVo. VmÑeVËH$Vm©M
""{ÛfÝV… naH$m`ofw ‘m{ZZmo {^ÝZX{e©Zmo ^yVofw ~Õd¡añ` Z ‘Z… empÝV‘²
F$ÀN>{V'' (^mJ.nwam. 11&5&12) B{V. ""Ah‘² CÀMmdM¡… Ðì`¡… {H«$``m
CËnÝZ`m AZKo Z¡ d Vw î `o A{M© V mo AMm© ` m§ ^y V J« m ‘md‘m{ZZ…''
(^mJ.nwam.3&29&24) BË`ZoZ {ZÝÚVo. VmÑemMm©-{dYm`H$-dmŠ`d¡`Ï`©-
n[a{Ohrf©`m, ""AMm©Xm¡ AM©`oV² VmdX² B©ída§ ‘m§ ñdH$‘©H¥$X² `mdÝZ doX
ñdö{X gd©^Vy fo w AdpñWV‘²'' (^mJ.nwam. 3&29&25) B{V VmÑí`mEd H$mbíM
314
{Z`å`Vo. "ñdH$‘©H¥$X²' B{V {deofUoZ Y‘©ê$nVm{n Vñ`m… kmß`Vo, ZVw
Ho$db^pŠVê$nVm. VËH$Vwa© do M ""AmË‘ZíM nañ`m{n `… H$amo{V AÝVamoXa‘².
Vñ` {^ÝZÑemo ‘¥Ë`w§ {dXYo ^`‘² Cë~U‘²'' (^mJ.nwam.3&29&26) B{V ^`§
M CÀ`Vo.
Ed§ g{V CnH«$‘o "n¥W½^md'nXmX² AJ«o {ZÝXm`m‘² "Adkm'{XnXoä`… M
gJwU§ n¥W½Ñem nyOZ§ `V² {H«$`Vo VXod gn[aH$a§ {ZÝÚVo B{V {gÕç{V. `m nwZ…
""‘ÒþUlw{V...'' (^mJ.nwam.3&29&11) BË`mÚwŠVbjUH$-{ZJw©U^pŠV-
gmYZm` ""gmbmoŠ`-gm{ï©>-gm‘rß`-gmê$ß`¡H$Ëd‘{n CV Xr`‘mZ§ Z
J¥ôUpÝV {dZm ‘ËgodZ§ OZm…, gEd "^pŠV`moJm'»` AmË`pÝVH$… CXmöV…
`oZ A{Vd«Á` {ÌJwU§ ‘X²^mdm` CnnÚVo'' (^mJ.nwam. 3&29&13) BË`ZoZ
CÀ`Vo. Vñ`mñVw ""{Zfo{dVoZ A{Z{‘ÎmoZ'' (^mJ.nwam.3&29&15) BË`m{XZm
CÀ`‘mZofw gmYZofw ""‘{ÕîÊ`Xe©Zñne©- nyOmñVwË`{^dmXZ¡… ^yVofw
‘X²^mdZ`m gÎdoZ Ag§J‘oZ M'' (^mJ.nwam.3&29&16) BË`ZoZ {YîÊ`nyOmXrZm§
gd}fw ^JdX²^mdZñ` M CŠVo… "n¥W½^md'nXmZwŠVo… "gd©Jwhme`'nXmoŠVo… M Z
EH$mXed¡gå‘Ë`‘².
AVEd ""`mo ‘m§ gd}fw ^yVofw'' (^mJ.nwam.3&29&22) BË`ñ` gw~mo{YÝ`m‘²
AmMm`©MaU¡… CŠV§-
""^OZo à‘mUm^md‘² Amh "‘m¡T²>çmX²' B{V ZVw ñdVÝÌmo
^JdÝ‘mJm} {Z{fÕ…. g JwUmVrVB{V dú`Vo "‘pÝZHo$VÝVw
{ZJw © U ‘² ' BË`m{X{^…. àH$aUo Z M dmŠ`m{Z gå~Õm{Z
VËàH$aUñW‘od JwUXmof§ dXpÝV. VÌ n¥W½^mdñVw Z CŠV….
ÛmXemZw g mao U dm nw é fmo Î m‘Zmam`U… B© Á `…, C^`Ìm{n
^oXJwU`mo… A^mdmV² Z EVm{Z XyfUm{Z gå~Õm{Z ^dpÝV {H$ÝVw
AÌ¡d EVm{Z nydm}ŠVgJwU^pŠVXyfH$m{Z.''
(^mJ.gw~mo.3&29&22) B{V.
`Ú{n ""dZÝVw gmpÎdH$mo dmgmo, J«m‘mo amOg… CÀ`Vo, Vm‘g§ ÚyVgXZ§,
‘pÝZHo$VÝVw {ZJw©U‘²'' (^mJ.nwam.11&25&25) B{V ñWmZ‘od {ZJw©UËdoZ CŠV§
VWm{n à{V‘mpñW{V‘² AÝVaoU ^JdpÝZHo$Vì`dhmamXe©ZmV² VÌ ‘y{V©pñW{V…
315
VXW©‘² A§JrH$m`m©. AÝ`Wm ^JdV… gd©JVËdoZ gd©ñ`¡d ^JdpÝZHo$VËdmV²
"‘pÝZHo$V‘²' (^mJ.nwam.11&25&25) B{V Z n¥WJ² dXoV².
Ed§ g{V `Ì ^JdÝ‘yË`©{Y{ð>V-‘pÝXañ`m{n {ZJw©UËd§ VÌ à{V‘m`m…
VËnyOZñ` M {ZJw©UËdo H$… gÝXoh…? AVEd A{J«‘o godm{df`H$lÕm`mA{n
{ZJw©UËd‘² CŠV‘². ""‘Ëgodm`mÝVw {ZJw©U…'' (^mJ.nwam.11&25&27) B{V.
AVEdM EVmÑem`m… ‘y{V©nyOm`m… ’$b§ ^pŠV… CŠVm. ""‘m‘od Z¡anoú`oU
^pŠV`moJoZ {dÝX{V ^pŠV`moJ§ g b^Vo Ed§ `… nyO`oV ‘m‘²'' (^mJ.nwam.
11&27&53) B{V. AVmo AÌ Z MmoÚmdH$me….
""AMm©`m‘od ha`o nyOm§ `… lÕ`m B©hVo Z VX²^ŠVofw M AÝ`ofw g
^ŠV… àmH¥$V… ñ‘¥V'' (^mJ.nwam.11&2&47) B{VVw Z ^pŠV‘mJu`-
^ŠV{df`H$‘², EH$Ì(Ed) A`§ ^JdÝV§ OmZm{V nyOmH$aUmV², ZVw ^ŠVoîd{n,
Zm{n nm{Vd« Ë `Y‘m© , Zm{n kmZr, AMm© h `m} … ^o X {ZX} e mV² , AÝ`o f w
(^JdX²)^mdm^mdmV², "M'H$maoU ^ŠVm^ŠV`mo… Vwë`VmkmZdmZ². VoZ `… VmÑe…
gEd àmH¥$VËdoZ AÌ CÀ`VB{V AXmof…. EVoZ¡d Xe‘ñH$ÝYr`‘{n ì`m»`mV§
ko`§ XohmË‘~w{Õ-gÎd-gmYZm{XZm {^ÝZÑŠËd~moYZmX² B{V.
(AmYw{ZHo$fw Edå^mdm^mdmX² {deofVmo Xmofgå^mdZm{ZagZ‘²)
*
ZZw AmYw{ZH$mZm‘² Edå^mdm^mdmV² VËH¥$VnyOmXrZm§ {ZÝÚËd§ Xwdm©a‘²* B{V
MoV² Z, {nÌm{X{ej`m H¥$VgÝÜ`mdÝXZmXo[ad CnXoemZwgmaoU VWmH$aUo nyOm`m‘{n
VXàg§JmV². AVEd ^pŠV‘mJu`Ëd‘{n VX² Cnnm{XV§ ^pŠVh§go à^wMaU¡…
""^pŠV‘mJu`^OZàH$maofw'' BË`maä` ""Z AÌ {b»`Vo'' (^pŠVh§.)
BË`ÝVoZ.
{H$ÄM gy`m©{Xîd{n ""Ü`o`… gXm g{dV¥‘ÊS>b‘Ü`...'' (Am{XË`öX`‘²
: 55) BË`m{XZm ""{YîÊ`ofw EVofw ‘Ðÿn‘²'' (^mJ.nwam.11&11&47) BË`m{XZm
M Ü`mZñ` Amdí`H$ËdmoŠVo… Vñ`M ‘mZg‘y{V©H$ënZ‘² AÝVaoU A{gÕo… ‘y{V©…
316
gd}fm‘od nyÁ`o{V e¡ë`m{X‘y{V©fw H$X`©Ed àÛofmo ^dVm‘². VWmM CŠV§ ñH$mÝXo
CÎmag§{hVm`m§ nmÊSw>a§J‘mhmËå`o-
""{ebm~w{Õ… Z H$m`m© M VÌ ZmaX H${h©{MV²&
kmZmZÝXmË‘H$mo {dîUw… `Ì {Vð>{V A{MÝË`H¥$V²&&
VrW©joÌo pñWVo {dîUm¡ {ebm~wqÕ H$amo{V `…&
g `m{V ZaH§$ Kmoa§ nwZamd¥{Îmd{O©V‘²&&
AÌ gm‘mÝ`Vmo ‘yT>m hoVwH$m… nmn~wÕ`…&
à{V‘o{V {dH$ËWÝVo Ñï‰>m AmZÝXmË‘H§$ dnw…&&''
(ñH$mÝX.CÎm.g§{h. & & ) B{V.
CËH$bIÊSo> M nwéfmoÎm‘‘mhmËå`o ""AXmo `Ômé ßbdVo {gÝYmo… nmao Anyéf§
VXmb^ñd Xwh©Umo VoZ JÀN> nañVa‘²'' (ñH$mÝX.nwé.‘mhm. & & ) B{V ‘ÝÌmo
Xmé~«÷naËdoZ ì`mgMaU¡… CŠVmo {dÚmaÊ`oZ M doX^mî`o VWm ì`m»`mV{‘{V
‘y{V©Ûoï>mamo ^JdX²Ûo{fËdmX² AÝË`OmEd. ""Ad¡îUdñVw `mo {dà… g nmfÊS>r
àH$s{V© V …... AÝË`Omo ^JdX² Û o f r Xo { d VÌ¡ d {ZU© ` …''
(nmÙnwam.CÎm.I§.235&27-28) B{V nmÙmoÎmaIÊSo> {eddmŠ`mV².
ZM *CŠVdmŠ`mZm§ VÎmËjoÌñW-ñdê$n-naËdmX² AÝ`à{V‘màÛofo Z Xmof…*
B{V dmÀ`§, ""kmZmZÝXmË‘H$mo {dîUwa² `Ì {Vð>Ë`{MÝË`H¥$X²'' (VÌ¡d) B{V
hoVypŠV-gm‘mÝ`moŠË`mo… {damoYmV². AVmo ‘yV}… ^JdÎd§ kmËdm VËnyOZo ^ŠË`m
{H«$`‘mUo Z H$mo@{n Xmofàg§J….
(‘yV}… ÌoYm h[aËd§ VoZ VËnyOZo Z Xmof…)
*
ZZw ‘yÎm}… ^JdÎdo {deofoU VÌ ^JdpñW{V… à`mo{OH$m. gmM AZm{X{gÕmgw
Xodm{XH¥$Vmgw M Vmgw AñVw, {Ì{dH«$‘^Å>m{X{^… VÌ OrUm}ÕmamZ§JrH$mamV². AÝ`mgwVw
""IpÊS>Vo ñ’w${Q>Vo X½Yo ^«ï>o ‘mZ{dd{O©Vo Ë`mJhrZo newñn¥ï>o n{VVo Xwï>^{y ‘fw
AÝ`‘ÝÌm{M©Vo M¡d n{VVñne©Xy{fVo Xegw EVofw Zmo MH«w$… gpÝZYmZ§
317
{Xdm¡H$g…'' ( . & ) B{V ~«÷dmŠ`o {Z{‘ÎmdemX² AgpÝZYmZñ`m{n CŠVËdmV².
{ÌñWbrgoVm¡ ""ñÌrUm‘² AZwnZrVmZm§ eyÐmUm§ M Zaoída ñWmnZo Zm{YH$mamo
ApñV {dîUmo… dm e§H$añ` dm. `… eyÐg§ñH¥$V§ qbJ§ {dîUw§ dm {dZ‘oX² Za…
Bh¡d AË`ÝVXw…Im{Z ní`{V Am‘wpî‘Ho$ {H$‘w'' (~¥h.Zma.nwam. & & ) B{V
~¥hÝZmaXr`ñH$mÝXdmŠ`ofw ""`… eyÐñWm{nV§ qbJ§ {dîUw§ dm {dZ‘oX² {ÛO… g
`m{V ZaH§$ Kmoa§ `mdX² Am^yVgåßbd‘²'' ( & & ) B{V dmŠ`o-
""`… eyÐoU A{M©V§ qbJ§ {dîUw§ dm {dZ‘oX² Zamo&
Z Vñ` {ZîH¥${V… Ñï>m àm`píMÎmm`wV¡a{n&&
Z‘oX² `… eyÐg§ñn¥ï>§ qbJ§ dm h[a‘od dm&
g gd©`mVZm^moJr `mdXmMÝÐVmaH$‘²&&
`mo{fX²{^… ny{OV§ qbJ§ {dîUw§ dm {dZ‘oX² Za…&
g H$mo{Q>Hw$bg§`wŠV AmH$ën§ am¡ad§ dgoX²&&''
({ÌñW.go. & ) B{V.
{ÌñWbrgoVm¡ ZmaXdmŠ`ofw Z‘Zo@{n Xmofñ‘aUmV². VÌ¡d ""eyÐmo dm AZwnZrVmo
dm pñÌ`mo dm n{VVmo@{n dm Ho$ed§ dm {ed§ dm AW ñn¥ï‰>m ZaH$‘² AíZwVo''
( . & ) B{V eyÐmXrZm§ ñne©ñ`m{n nmVH$ñ‘aUmV². gpÝZYmZoM VX`moJmV² Vmgw
Z pñW{V… B{V A§JrH$m`©‘². VWmM VmÑí`m… nyOZo H$W§ Z Xmof…* B{V MoX²,
CÀ`Vo-‘yVm£ ApñV ÌoYm ^JdÎd§ H$gd©ñ` ^JdÐÿnËdoZ Vñ`mA{n ^JdÐÿnËdmV²
I
gmH$ma~«÷U… VÌ pñWVËdmV² J‘ÝÌm{X{^… AmdmhZoZ gpÝZYmZmV² M B{V. VÌ
""IpÊS>Vo ñ’w${Q>Vo'' ( . & ) dmŠ`mX² `X² AgpÝZYmZñdê$n§ XyfU‘² Am`wî‘Vm
CŠV§ VÎmw XodmÝVa{df`H§$ "{Xdm¡H$g…' B{V nXmX² ~hþdMZmV² M, ZVw
^JdÝ‘y{V©{df`H$‘². ^JdV… gd©Ì gpÝZ{hVV`m AmdmhZñ` gpÝZYmnH$Ëdm^mdoZ
IpÊS>VËdmXrZm‘² AgpÝZYmnH$Ëdm^mdñ`m{n AWm©Xod {gÕo…. AVEd CŠV§
{dîUwY‘m}Îmao V¥Vr`H$mÊSo> AmdmhZà`moOZmÜ`m`o-
dO« CdmM
""{dîUw… gd©JVmo Xodmo ‘hX²ä`mo@{n ‘hÎma…&
gyú‘oä`íM A{Vgyú‘íM gd©ì`mnr OJÝ‘`mo&&
318
 ZmpñV {H$pÄMX² OJ{V Apñ‘Z² `Ì ZmpñV OZmX©Z…&
gXgÀM ‘hm^mJ VoZ ì`mßV§ ‘hmË‘Zm&&
AmdmhZoZ qH$ H$m`ª Vñ` gd©JVñ`Vw&''
‘mH©$ÊSo>` CdmM
""AmdmhZ‘² AW AÌm{n {H«$`Vo `O² OJËnVo…&
{ZË`§ gpÝZ{hVñ`m{n gd©Ì na‘o{ð>Z…&&
Ho$db§ H$maU§ VÌ ñd‘ZñVw{ï>H$maU‘²&
Amdm{hVmo ‘hmXod… VÌ gpÝZ{hVmo@{n dm&&''
({dîUwY‘m}.nwam.3&108&15-16) B{V.
AVEd ""XenÄMm§Jwbm ‘w»`m ‘Ü`‘m ÛmXem§Jwbm. Aï>m§JwbmY‘m
àmoŠVm Ý`yZm{YŠ`§ Z H$ma`oV². à{Vð>m {d’$bm Vñ` nyOZ§ {Zî’$b§ ^doV².
‘mZm§ J w { b{dhrZm `m à{V‘m `Ì {Vð>{V'' (Jmo V .V§ . & ) B{V
Jm¡V‘rVÝÌdmŠ`moŠVmo ‘mZhrZËdm{XXmofmo@{n Z. Zm{n ""hpÝV AW©hrZm H$Vm©a§
‘ÝÌhrZmVw F$pËdO§ pñÌ`§ bjUhrZmVw Z à{Vð>mg‘mo [anw…'' (Zma. & & )
B{V ZmaXmo Š V… à{Vð>mXmo f …, VXw Õ mamWª VWmàmH$Q² > çmV² . à{Vð>m`m…
{dídmgXmT²>çm©W©ËdmV² M.
Ed§ g{V `o CnmgZm‘mJu`m…, VÌm{n Akm… AÑT>{dídmgm…, Vofm§ ö{X VWm
ñ’w$aVr{V VmZ² àË`od Efm ì`dñWm, {~^r{fH$mM, Z ^ŠVmZ² km{ZZ… dm à{V
B{V A{H$pÄMËH$am. AVEd à{Vð>mZ‘Zm{XH¥$Vmo@{n Z Vofm§ Xmof…. Zm{n ""IpÊS>Vm
ñ’w${Q>Vm X½Ym `ñ‘mX² AMm© ^`mdhm. Vñ‘mV² g‘wÕaoV² Vm§ Vw nydm}ŠV{d{YZm
Za…'' (Zma.nÄM. & ) B{VZmaXnÄMamÌmoŠVmo OrUm}Õmamo, ^pŠV‘mJ©{déÕËdmX²,
^ŠVo… ñZohê$nËdmV², pñZ½Yñ` VmÑeËdo CnMmaH$aUñ`¡d Am¡{MË`mX², amJñ`
^`à{VnjËdmV² M, à{V‘m`mA{n Z ^`mdhËd‘². Xwï>ñnem©Xm¡Vw ñdñË``Zm{XH$aU§
nÄMm‘¥VñZmnZ§ ‘hm{^foH$m{XH§$ M ^º²$`§JV`m àmßV§ ñZoh^mdoZ H$m`ª lrZÝXH¥$V-
OmVH$‘m©{XdV². VmdVm ""Ðì`dËH¥$Vem¡MmZm§ XodVmMm©Zm§ nwZ…à{Vð>mnZoZ
ew{Õ…'' ( . & ) B{V {dîUwdmŠ`‘{n AZwHy$b§ ^dVw Zm‘. à{V‘m^§Jo Cndmgmo@{n
ñZohmZwgmaoU¡d H$m`©…. ""Z amkmo {dßbdo AíZr`mV² gwamMm©{dßbdo VWm''
319
({dîUwY‘m}.nwam. & & ) B{V {dîUwY‘©dmŠ`‘{n VoZ¡d AZwHy$b§ ^dVw Zm‘.
{déÕdmŠ`m{ZVw A^ŠVnam{U.
`Ú{n VÐÿnm{XhoVwÛ`ñ` gd©gmYmaUËd§ VWm{n embJ«m‘m{XnyOm‘² AZwŠËdm
^JdVm à{V‘mnyO¡d `V² ‘hVm ànÄMoZ {Zê${nVm VoZ VÌ H$píMX² {deofmo ApñV
B{V km`Vo. gM km{Z^ŠV§ à{V "EZ‘² CÕ[aî`m{‘' B{V BÀN>`m ‘¥XmXo…
àmXw^y©VËdê$n… EH$mo, `Wm ñVå^mV² àôbmXmW©‘². Ord{H«$`mVw A{^ì`º²$`Wª
ì`mn¥Vm{n BÀN>mearaEd à{deVr{V A{H$pÄMËH$am, ""EZ§ Ord‘² Ed‘²
Am{d^y©` CÕ[aî`m{‘'' B{V AmH$mamV². ~«÷U… gmH$maì`mnH$V`m ‘wIo ‘wIñ`
hñVo hñVñ` Ed§ pñW{V… B{V Ana…. VoZ gd}fm§ H$Q>H$Hw$ÊS>bmÚwnMmamUm§
gmjmX² {d{Z`moJ… B{V M. ZM AmYo`ËdoZ pñWVm¡ H$W§ gmjmX² {d{Z`moJ… B{V
Ame§H$Zr`§ ^JdV… gdm©ÝVaËdmV², ""`… n¥{Wdr‘² AÝVa…'' (~¥h.Cn.3&7&3)
BË`m{XlwV…o . AÝVa`{V B{V AÝVa…. AVmo `Ì¡d {deofVmo ^JdÎd§ VÌ VËnyOmÛoï>mamo
bKwV‘m… BË`od B{V {XH²$.
(lrH¥$îU‘yV}aod goì`Ëdo e§H$mg‘mYmZo)
*
ZZw Ed§ VWm{n gdm©gw ‘y{V©fw A{deofmV² lrH¥$îU‘y{V©aod goì`m B{V H$mo@`§
{Z~©ÝY…?
CÀ`Vo ^OZ§{h ‘ybê$nEd ‘w»`§ ’$bZmÝVar`H$ËdmV². ‘ybê$nVm M ""H¥$îUñVw
^JdmZ² ñd`‘²'' (^mJ.nwam.1&3&28) """H¥${fa²' ^ydmMH$… eãX…''
(Jmo.ny.Vm.Cn.1&1) BË`m{XdmŠ`¡… VÌ¡d {gÕm. BVaÌVw AdVmam{Xê$nVm. VX²
Cnnm{XV‘² AmMm`£… gw~mo{YZr^mî`m{Xfw ‘yVm£M pñW{V… Amdoeê$nm dÝho… A`grd
Ed§ g{V ‘yË`©ÝVao `… Amdoe… g… AdVmam{Xê$nñ`. VÀM ^JdX§e^yV{‘{V
ÛçÝV[aVËd§ ‘yV}…. lrH¥$îU‘yVm£Vw ‘ybê$noUo{V gmjmÎd‘² BË`Vmo A`§ {Z~©ÝY….
AW ‘yË`©ÝVao@{n ^pŠV{deofoU ñd`‘od MoX² Am{d^©doV² ^dVw Zm‘ VWm{n
gmYZXem`m§ VÎmËàVr{Vaod nydª ^dVr{V ÛçÝV[aVËd‘² A~mY‘². EVoZ¡d
nÄMm`VZnjmo@{n AnmñV…. ""`Wm {h ñH$ÝYemImZm§ Vamo‘y©bmdgoMZ‘²
320
Ed‘² AmamYZ§ {dîUmo… gd}fm‘² AmË‘ZíM {h'' (^mJ.nwam.8&5&49) B{V EdÄM ""`Wm Vamo… ‘yb{ZfoMZoZ V¥ß`pÝV VËñH$ÝY^wOmonemIm…
Aï>‘-ñH$ÝY-nÄM‘mÜ`m`-dMZoZ. ""`Wm Vamo… ‘yb{ZfoMZoZ V¥ß`pÝV àmUmo n hmamÀM `Wm BpÝÐ`mUm§ VW¡ d gdm© h © U ‘² AÀ`w V o Á `m''
VËñH$ÝY^wOmonemIm… àmUmonhmamÀM `Wm BpÝÐ`mUm§ VW¡d gdm©h©U‘² (^mJ.nwam.4&31&14) B{V MVwW©ñH$ÝY-g‘mpßVñW-ZmaXdmŠ`‘². g‘mnd©-
AÀ`wVÁo `m'' (^mJ.nwam.4&31&14) B{V MVwWg© ‘mßVm¡ dMZoZ M, VoZd¡ gd©{gÕo… Xe‘ñH$ÝYñW-^rî‘ghXoddmŠ`§ M g§JV§ ^d{V. BXÄM gdª gn[aH$a§ {Z~ÝYo
CŠVËdmV² M. Zm{n Vñ` njñ` d¡`Ï`©‘², AZÝ`{^ÝZmZ² gmYmaUmZ² à{V godmàH$aUo ""VÐÿn§ VÌ M pñWV‘²'' (V.Xr.{Z.2&228) BË`m{XZm àH$Q>rH¥$V‘²
H¥$VmW©ËdmX² B{V. AmMm`£…. ’$bÄM godm’$b{ddaUo (go.’$.1.) gmYZ^ŠVrZm§ ñdê$n§ ^JdV…
(^º²$`m godZo e§H$mg‘mYmZo) ào‘¡H$bä`Ëdm{XH§$ M à^wMaU¡… ^pŠVh§g{dÛÝ‘ÊS>ZmXm¡ ànpÄMV{‘{V Cnaå`Vo.
*
ZZw à{V‘m`m‘² Ed‘² Amdoe… gd©Xm H$Xm{MX² dm? gmo@{n gdm©Z² à{V,
H$pÄMV² à{V dm? A{d{eï>mo {d{eï>mo dm? B{V {dMm`©Vm‘² VÌ H$jmÌ`mÚnjmñVw B{V lrJmoñdm{‘lrnwéfmoÎm‘{da{MVmo ‘y{V©nyOZdmX…
Z ^dpÝV gd©Xm gd}fm‘² EH$ê$nmZZw^dmV². {ÛVr`mEdVw gmYr`m§g…. VWm g{V g‘mßV…
A`‘{n dôÝ`mdoeo A`…ñWmnZdX², AÌ ^pŠVaod Vñ` VmÑer {Z{‘Îm^yVm
dmÀ`m. gmM "aË`m'»`‘Zmo{dH$maê$nËdmX² AmÝVam ì`{YH$aUm Mo{V Z ~{h…
Amdoe{`Vw§ eŠZmo{V. VWm g{V gm{YV‘{n ‘yV}… ^JdÎd‘² A{H$pÄMËH$a‘²*
B{V MoV²,
CÀ`Vo ""^º²$`m VwVmof ^JdmZ² JO`yWnm`'' (^mJ.nwam.7&9&9)
""^º²$`¡d Vw{ï>‘² Aä`o{V'' ( . & ) BË`m{XdmŠ`¡… ^ŠVo… ^JdÎmmofhoVwËd‘²
A{ddmX‘². VmofoM A{d^m©dmo@{n A{ddmX…, gm‘mZm{YH$aÊ`mV². gM AaUm¡
dôZo[ad gVEdo{V Z nydm}ŠVmZwnn{ÎmJÝYmo@{n. Am{d^m©dmXod M AZw^mdmZw^dmo
^ŠVmZm‘² Amaå^Xem`m§ VX^mdo@{n ^mdZmgm¡H$`©ÝVw A{ddmX‘od. gmM Jwê$nXoe‘²
AÝVaoU AZwnnÝZm. gM VX²^pŠV‘² AÝVaoU VWm gm{n ""`ñ` Xodo nam
^pŠVa² `Wm Xodo VWm Jwam¡'' (ídoVm.Cn.6&23) B{V lwVo… CËH$Q>¡d Ano{jVo{V
VmaVå`o@{n Z {H$pÄMX² AZwnnÝZ‘². godZàH$ma… M Xe‘ñH$ÝY{gÕmo d«OñWmZm§
J¥h²`Vo, ""Ho$dboZ{h ^mdoZ'' (^mJ.nwam. 11&12&8)BË`m{XZm Vofm§ àe§gZmV².
""XoemZ² nwÊ`mZ² Aml`oV ‘X²^ŠV¡… gmYw{^… {lVmZ² Xodmgwa‘Zwî`ofw
‘X² ^ ŠVmM[aVm{Z M'' (^mJ.nw a m.11&29&10) BË`Zo Z
^ŠVmM[aVml`UmkmnZmX², ""Jm`Z² AZwñ‘aZ² H$‘© OÝ‘ M A{^Z`Z² ‘whþ…''
(^mJ.nw a m. 11&11&23) BË`mÚmkmnZmV² M. nÄMm`VZny O m{XH$ÝVw
AZÝ`VmkmnZmXod {ZañV{‘{V Z H$mo@{n e§H$mboe….

321 322
 &&AdVmadmXmdë`m§&&
{ÛVr`n[a{eï>ê$n…
&&eyÐmXo… lr^mJdVm{XnmR>{df`H$e§H$m{ZamgdmX…&&
(lr^mJdVñ` nR>ZnmR>Z`mo… {ZpIbmZm‘² A{YH$mamo ApñV Z dm B{V
g§e`{ZamH$aUo)
lrH¥$îUm` Z‘…. nwamUmÝVao ""lmd`oV² MVwamo dUm©Z² H¥$Ëdm ~«m÷U‘²
AJ«V…'' (‘hm^m.12&314&45) B{V eyÐñ`m{n gm‘mÝ`V… ldU{dYmZmV².
ñ‘¥{VH$m¡‘wÚm§ ñH$mÝXo ""ApñV eyÐñ` ewlyfm nwamUo Z¡d doXZ‘².'' ( . & & )
B{V ""dXpÝV Ho${MX² {dÛm§g… ñÌrUm§ eyÐg‘mZVm‘²'' ( . & ) B{V
""{gÕmÝVldU§ àmhþ… {ÛOmZm§ ‘w{ZgÎm‘ eyÐmUm§ M {daŠVmZm§ VWm ñÌrUm§
‘hm‘wZo {gÕmÝVldU§ àmoŠV§ nwamUldU§ ~wY…¡ '' ( . & & ) B{V ldU~moYZmV².
EH$mXeñH$ÝYo@{n ""gmYdo ewM`o ~«y`mV² ^pŠV… ñ`mV² eyÐ`mo{fVm‘²''
(^mJ.nwam.11&29&31) B{V ^JdX²dmŠ`mV².
àW‘ñH$ÝYo ""ñÌreyÐ{ÛO~ÝYyZm§ Ì`r Z lw{VJmoMam B{V ^maV‘²
Am»`mZ§ H¥$n`m ‘w{ZZm H¥$V‘²'' (^mJ.nwam.1&4&25) B{V dmŠ`mV² M
&&lrH¥$îUm` Z‘…&&
&&lr‘XmMm`©MaUH$‘boä`mo Z‘…&&
{Q>ßnUr
dmXmo@`§ dUm©l‘ì`dñWm‘² AZwg¥Ë` àH${Q>V…. gmVw ""MmVwd©Ê`ª ‘`m g¥ï>§
JwUH$‘©{d^mJe…'' (^J.JrVm.4&13) B{V dMZmX² ‘mVm{nÌm{Xnyd©Ooä`…
gÝVË`m§ g‘mJVm… gmh{OH$m…, VWmM XoeH$mbì`ŠVrZm§ g§JmX² OmVm… `o
Z¡{‘{ÎmH$m… JwUm… Mo{V JwUÛ¡{dÜ`mV² C^`{dYJwUgmnojm. H$‘©gw M VmdV²
g§ñH$mamUm§, ^maVnwamUldU‘² AgpÝX½Y‘². VVíM ~w{Õ‘Vm§ kmZ‘{n ^dË`od
naÝVw VmÑekmZo ""AmgŠVm¡ ^JdmZod emn§ Xmn`{V Šd{MV² Ah§H$mao@Wdm
323
bmoHo$ VÝ‘mJ©ñWmnZm` {h'' (nw.à.‘.18) B{V CŠVar{VHo$Z emnm{XZm
H$maU{deofoU eyÐ`mo{ZJVmZm§ ‘hVm§ {dXwadoXdm{XXmgrgwVgÑem§ ’$b‘wImo
A{YH$ma…, VmÑem‘od VÌ H¥$VmW©Ëdñ‘aUmV². VÌ eyÐ`mo{ZJVËdo@{n Z
H$‘©Om{VeyÐmUm‘².
""AÌm{n doX{ZÝXm`m‘² AY‘©H$aUmV² VWm&
ZaHo$ Z ^doV² nmV… {H$ÝVw hrZofw Om`Vo&&''
(V.Xr.{Z.2&216)
{ZË`Z¡ { ‘{ÎmH$^o X o Z Adí`mZw ð > o ` Y‘m© U m§ , àm`píMÎmmZm§ , dUm© l ‘^o X o Z
{ZË`mnËH$m{bH$mOr{dH$mZm§ AZoH${dYà^oX¡… {ZpIbH$‘©gmnojm{n. Ed§
Jw U H$‘© g ‘w X m``mo … {Zdm© h o VÎmX² d Um© { ^‘m{ZXo d VmZm‘²
AmdoeOàmH$Q²>çVpÝZd¥Î`Ý`Vagmnojm {h dUm©l‘ì`dñWm B{V {gÕç{V. VX²
CŠV§ ""~«mô‘Ê`§ Z Om{V… ì`pŠVgX²^mdo@{n Vñ` AnJ‘mX²... Vñ‘mV²
emñÌo ~hþdmŠ`{damoYmX² ~«mô‘Ê`§ H$m{MX² XodVm. gm `pñ‘Z² Xoho
A{^ì`ŠVm ^d{V Vo "~«mô‘Um…' B{V CÀ`ÝVo... gmM CnZ`ZoZ Xoho
g‘m`m{V... Ed§ jÌ‘²...'' (gw~mo.2&1&38) B{V AmMm`©MaU¡…. Vñ‘mX²
dmXo@pñ‘ÝZ{n "Om{VeyÐ'B{V nXà`moJ… eyÐg§ñH$ma-eyÐ{Z`VY‘©-eyÐmOr{dHo${V
Ì`mUm§ {Zdm©hoU Xoho OmV§ `V² eyÐXodVmàmH$Q²>ç§ VX{^àm`H§$ ko`‘². Z Ho$db§
eyÐHw$bOmV‘mV¥{nV¥gå^moJOearana§ VX² B{V.
{H$ÄM-
""AYwZmVw H$bm¡ gd} {déÕmMmaVËnam…&
ñdmÜ`m`m{X{H«$`mhrZm… VWmMmanamL²>‘wIm…&&
{H«$`‘mU§ VWmMma§ {d{YhrZ§ àHw$d©Vo&
{d{jßV‘Zgmo ^«mÝVm {OìhmonñWnam`Um…&&
d«mË`àm`m… ñdVmoXwï>m… VÌ Y‘©… H$W§ ^doV²&
fS²>{^… gånÚVo Y‘©… Vo Xwb©^Vam… H$bm¡&&
AWm{n Y‘©‘mJ}U pñWËdm H¥$îU§ ^OoX² ~wY…&
324
 BË`wŠVar{VHo$Z H$‘©Um Om{VeyÐmUm§ Z ’$b‘wImo A{YH$ma… B{V.
~«ô‘gyÌàW‘mÜ`m`V¥Vr`MaUo ""ldUmÜ``ZmW©à{VamoYmV² ñ‘¥Vo… M''
(~«.gy.1&3&38) B{V gyÌñ` ^mî`o ""ñ‘mV} nm¡am{UHo$ kmZmXm¡'' B{V "Am{X'nXoZ
""Ong² Vng² VrW©`mÌm àd«Á`m ‘ÝÌgmYZ§ XodVmamYZ§ M¡d ñÌreyÐnVZm{Z
fS²>'' (A{Ìg§{h.136) B{V EVofm§ g§Jh« mo {dXwamXrZm§ VrW©`mÌm{XXe©ZmX². BVaofmÝVw
EVm{Z {Z{fÕmÝ`od. AVEd BXmZrÝVZmZm§ VËH$V©¦Um§ H$m‘H«$moYmX`Ed Ñí`ÝVo
ZVw Cne‘… B{V. `ofmÝVw Cne‘… VoVw {dXwam{XH$mo{Q>ð>mEdo{V ’$b~bmV² H$ëß`Vo.
VoZ H$‘©Om{VeyÐmUm§ Z ’$b‘wImo A{YH$ma… B{V {gÕ‘².
AW àg§JmX² BX§ {dMm`©Vo : eyÐmX`… gdª ^maV§ nwamU§ M nR>o`w… Z dm?
B{V.
""lr^mJdV‘mJ}U g H$WpÄMV² V[aî`{V&&
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dUm©l‘dVm§ Y‘} ‘w»`o Zï>o N>boZ Vw&
{H«$`‘mUo Z Y‘©… ñ`mX² AV… Vñ‘mX² Z ‘moMZ‘²&&
~w{Õ‘mZ² AmXa§ Vpñ‘Z² N>bo gmÜ`o@{n Y‘©V…&
Ë`ŠËdm ‘mJ} Y«wd’$bo ^pŠV‘mJ} g‘m{deoV²&&''
(V.Xr.{Z.2&212-223)
B{V AmMm`©MaU¡… ^pŠV‘mJ©ñ` dUm©l‘Y‘©‘mJ©{dH$ënmZwH$ënmÝ`Vaê$nËdà
{VnmXZmV² VX²^pŠV‘mJ©à{VnmXH$lr^mJdVñ` gdm}ÕmaH$Ëdo@{n V¡… ""`mdX²
Xohmo A`§ VmdX² dUm©l‘Y‘m©Ed ñdY‘m©… ^JdX²Y‘m©X`mo@{n {dY‘m©…
naY‘m©… dm.`Xm nwZ… AmË‘mZ§ Ord§ ‘Ý`Vo, g§KmVì`{V[aŠV§, VXm Xmñ`§
ñdY‘m} AÝ`o dUm© l ‘mX`mo @ {n naY‘m© … '' (gw ~ mo . 3&28&2) B{V
ì`dñWm{nV‘². VoZ Xohm{Xg§KmVì`{V[aŠVmË‘{Z ^JdX§eËdm{^‘m{ZZm§ d{U©Zm§
V{Xaofm§ dm gd}fm‘{n ^mJdVmoŠVo ^pŠVànÎmrEd ñdY‘©^yVo. Vñ` kmZÝVw
^mJdVoZ¡d ^dVr{V g{V gå^do {ÛO‘wImXod lr‘X²^mJV§ lmoVì`§ {H$ÝVw H$bo…
325
~{bð>ËdoZ CnXoem{YH$m[a{ÛOmbm^o ñdVmo@{n ^mJdVmZwdmX§ nR>Zr`§ ‘ZZr`§
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(VÌ dmŠ`Ì`rUm§ {d‘e} Z {ZpIbmZm§ {ZpIbo @ {n J« Ý Wo
nR>ZnmR>Zm{YH$mamo ^dVw B{V e§H$m)
VÌ 1""^maVì`nXoeoZ {h AmåZm`mW©íM X{e©V…, Ñí`Vo `Ì d¡ Y‘©…
ñÌreyÐm{X{^a{n CV'' (^mJ.nwam.1&4&28) B{V àW‘ñH$ÝYo, 2""{dàmo
AYrË` AmßZw`mV² àkm§, amOÝ`mo X{Y‘oIbm§, d¡í`mo {Z{Yn{VËd§, eyÐ…
ewÕçoV nmVH$mV²'' (^mJ.nwam.12&12&64) B{V ÛmXeñH$ÝYo M, Y‘©Xe©Z-
lr^mJdVmÜ``Z`mo… ~moYZmV². 3""Vñ‘mX² ^maV gdm©Ë‘m ^JdmZ² h[a… B©ída…
lmoVì`… H$s{V©Vì`… M ñ‘V©ì`… M BÀN>Vm A^`‘²'' (^mJ.nwam.2&1&5)
BË`Ì A^`oÀN>m`m§ gd©gmYmaÊ`oZ H$sV©Z{dYmZmV² M gd©‘od ^maV§ nwamU§ M gd}
nR>`o …w BË`od§ àmßVo-
({ZpIbmZm§ Z {ZpIbo @ {n ^mJdVmXm¡ A{YH$ma… {H$ÝVw
~«ô‘kmZm§e^mJì`{V[aŠVo B{V g‘mYmZ‘²)
A{^Yr`Vo : ~«÷kmZ^mJm§eì`{V[aŠV‘od nR>Zr`§, Y‘©~«÷Umo… AVr-
pÝÐ`ËdoZ 1àW‘dmŠ`o "Ñeo…' ‘w»`mW©ñ` J¥hrVw‘² AeŠ`V`m Y‘m©{XemãX-
kmZ‘mÌmW©H$ËdoZ nmR>màmnH$ËdmV².
^Jdëbrbm… M {ZË`§ H$sV©Zr`m…. Z VÌ AZ{YH$m[aVm{MÝVm H$m{MV². `ñ‘mV²
gåà{V-
lr‘X²dëb^d§eOm {h ~hþbm ‘mÝ`m {ÛOofyÎm‘m…
OmVm XodbH$m {dJh²`©‘V`… bÁOm{dhrZm… ñd`‘²&
AÝ`o ^mJdVmonOrdZnamñVÔr{jVm d¡ {ÛOm…
gËñdoVopîdVao nwamUnR>Zm`mo½`m… ñd‘mJ} Hw$V…?
326
 Vñ‘mX² J«ÝWH¥$Vm {d‘¥ï>mo@`§ {df`mo AYwZm ZyZ‘² AàgŠVEd à{V^m{V
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AÜ`oV¥fw Hw$Vwhbmone‘Zm` EVX²dmXJ«ÝWàH$meZ§ Z VmdX² AàgŠV‘od B{V ‘o
‘{V…(Jmo.í`m.‘.).
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{ÛVr`o@{n "AYrË`' BË`ñ` ñ‘aUmÜ``ZmgmYmaÊ`mV² ""ñ‘¥Ëdm Jwé‘wImX²
dm J¥hrËdm'' B{V AW}Z VWmËdmV². ZM *ñdmÜ`m`~«m÷UlwVm¡ ""àmL²> AmgrZ…
ñdmÜ`m`‘² AYr`rV'' (V¡{Îm.Ama.2&11) BË`mXm¡ Ho$dbmoÀMmaUo@{n
VWmà`moJmV² VËàmpßV…* B{V dmÀ`§ {d{ZJ‘Zm{dahmV². ZM *BV… nydª ""` EVm§
lmd`oX²''(^mJ.nwam.12&12&58-59) B{V gdmª g§{hVm§ ""nR>Z² AZíZZ²
à`V…'' (VÌ¡d) B{V nmR>§ M àH$å` ""{dàmo AYrË`'' (VÌ¡d) B{V
íbmoH$H$WZmX² CnH«$‘Ed {d{ZJ‘H$mo AñVw* B{V dmÀ`§, VÌm{n lmdUmÚwÎma‘²
EVËH$WZoZ "AÜ``Z'eãX‘{håZm M lmdUm¡Îm`} {gÕo, H${nbXod¡… ñd‘mVwa{n
Am¡ n {ZfX² - ^mJdVkmZ`mo … AZw Š VËdo Z ñÌrey Ð `mo … VX§ e mlmdUo V`mo …
VÀN´>dUmZ{YH$mao M {gÕo, ""eyÐ`moZm¡ Ah§ OmVmo ZmVmo AÝ`X² dŠVw‘² CËgho.
Hw$‘mañ`Vw `m ~w{Õ… doX Vm§ emídVr‘² Ah‘²'' (‘hm^m.5&41&5) B{V CÚmoJo
gZËgw O mVr`maå^o {dXw a dmŠ`mX² kmZmo Î ma‘{n dXZmZ{YH$mao M {gÕo ,
ldUnR>Z`mo…nR>ZEd dm VmdX§eË`mJñ`¡d Am¡{MË`mV².
VWm àUdm{X‘mZ² d¡{XH$‘ÝÌ`wŠVmo@{n Ë`mÁ`… ""doX… àUdEd AJ«o Y‘m}
Ah§ d¥ f ê$nY¥ J ² CnmgVo Vnmo { Zð>m§ h§ g § ‘m§ ‘w Š V{H$pë~fm…''
(^mJ.nwam.11&17&11) B{V. ""ñdYmåZmo ~«÷U… gmjmX² dmMH$… na‘mË‘Z…
g gd©‘ÝÌmon{ZfX² doX~rO§ gZmVZ‘²'' (^mJ.nwam.12&6&41) BË`m{XdmŠ`¡…
àUdñ` {deofVmo doXËd{ZíM`mX² Am¡n{ZfXmZm§ Zmam`Umï>mjamXrZm§ ‘ÝÌmUm§
Zmam`UH$dMmXm¡ àË`{^kmZmV² M. ZM *XodVm{XdmMH$nXdV² àË`{^km`m…
Aà`moOH$Ëd‘²* B{V e§H$ç§, Zm‘‘ÝÌñVw Jwh²`… B{V ""ñdmhmH$ma-Z‘ñH$mam¡
‘ÝÌm¡ eyÐo {dYr`Vo Vmä`m§ eyÐ… nmH$`k¡… `OoV ~«÷dmZ² ñd`‘²''
(‘hm^m.12&60&36) B{V AmZwemg{ZH$ndm©Xmo VXZwkmXe©ZoZ EVofm§ M VX^mdoZ
EVX²Ñï>mÝVñ` AÌ dŠVw‘² AeŠ`ËdmV².
327
{H$ÄM {ÛVr`ñH$ÝYo lrewH$¡ … ""Vñ‘mX² ^maV gdm©Ë‘m ^JdmZ² h[a… B©ída…
lmoVì`… H$s{V©Vì`… M ñ‘V©ì`… M BÀN>Vm A^`‘²'' (^mJ.nwam.2&1&5)
B{V ldUmV² V¥Vr`§ ñ‘aU‘² CŠV‘². àW‘o gyVoZm{n ""lmoVì`… H$s{V©Vì`… M
Ü`o`… nyÁ`… M'' (^mJ.nwam.1&2&14) B{V VWm CŠV‘². Ed§ àH¥$Vo@{n
ldUnR>Z’$bH$WZmoÎma§ ñ‘aUñ`m{n VX² dmÀ`‘². AÝ`Wm AmH$m¬mÝVamoX`àg§JmV².
AV… gmXoí`mX{n "AYrË`'B{V nX§ ñ‘aUmW©H$‘² Adgr`Vo. `Îmw ""~«m÷U…
~«÷dM©ñdr amOÝ`mo OJVrn{V… d¡í`… nR>Z² {dQ²>n{V… ñ`mV² eyÐ… gÎm‘Vm‘²
B`mV²'' (^mJ.nwam.4&23&32) B{V MVwW©ñH$ÝYr`§, VÎmw n¥WwM[aV‘² CnH«$å`
n{R>ËdmV² àH$aUmdéÕ{‘{V Z VoZ gd©nmR>… àmn{`Vw§ eŠ`Vo. ZM *""nR>oÀM
{Z`‘§ H¥$Ëdm lr^mJdV‘² AmXamV²'' (V.Xr.{Z.2&232) {Z~ÝYo lr‘XmMm`£…
CŠVËdmV² gdª nR>Zr`‘²* B{V e§H$`§, VÌm{n VX§eË`mJo ~mYH$m^mdmX². AÝ`Wm
""`X² Am¡n{ZfX§ kmZ§ lr^mJdV‘od dm d{U©Zm‘od V{Û ñ`mV² ñÌreyÐmUm§
VVmo AÝ`Wm'' (V.Xr.{Z.3&24&178) B{V V¥Vr`ñH$ÝYr`{Z~ÝYdmŠ`ñ`
""^mJdVkmZ‘{n Ì¡dd{U©H$mZm‘od CnmgZm`m… àmYmÝ`mV². `Xod ^JdVm
~«÷Uo àmoÀ`Vo VV² Ì¡d{U©H$mZm‘od B{V kmVì`‘²'' (V.Xr.{Z.à.3&24&178)
B{V VËàH$meJ«ÝWñ` M {damoYmnÎmo….
ZM *EH$mXeñH$ÝYo@{n ""Ef Vo A{^{hV… H¥$ËñZmo ~«÷dmXñ` g§J«h…
g‘mgì`mg{d{YZm XodmZm‘{n XwJ‘© …'' (^mJ.nwam.11&29&23) B{V H$WZmV²
MVwíbmoH$sVwë`V`m CnXoeñ` VÌm{n gÎdmV² VÌm{n AZ{YH$ma…* e§Š`…, VXJ«o
""Z¡VV² Ëd`m Xmpå^H$m` ZmpñVH$m` eR>m` M Aewlyfmo… A^ŠVm`
Xw{d©ZrVm` Xr`Vm‘², EV¡… Xmof¡… {dhrZm` ~«÷Ê`m` {à`m` M gmYdo ewM`o
~«`y mX² ^pŠV… ñ`mV² eyÐ`mo{fVm‘²'' B{V (^mJ.nwam.11&29&30-31) H$WZmV²
H$‘©kmZm{X{‘{lVV`m CnXoemV² M VmÑem§ lmdUo ~mYH$m^mdoZ VÌ Vofm§
ldUm{YH$mañ` {gÕo…. AÝ`Wm V{ÛamoYmnÎmo… M.
3
ZM *A^`oÀN>m`m§ VXWª H$sV©Zñ` {damoY…* e§H$`…, VÌ ^JdVEd
H$WZmV² "lr^mJdV'nXm^mdmV² M. CŠV¡H$Xoem{V[aŠV^mJdVH$sV©ZmX{n
VËn[ahma{gÕo…. nwéfmoÎm‘ghòZm‘nmR>ñ`m{n ’$bmopŠVàg§Jo ""ghò§ `¡ñVw n{R>V§
n{R>V§ ñ`mV² ewH$m‘¥V‘²'' (nwé.gh.4) B{V AmMm`m©Um§ dmŠ`mV² Vñ‘mX{n
VpËgÕo… M.
328
 `o nwZ… EVm{Z dmŠ`m{Z Am{lË` ñdñ`m{n nmR>m{YH$ma§ eyÐmX`mo AmnmX`pÝV CÕ¥VdMZmZwH$« _{UH$m
Vo f m§ ‘mËg`m© { XXmo f J« m go Z lr^mJdVmo Š VY‘} î d{n AZ{YH$ma…, ""Y‘©…
àmoÁPVH¡$Vdmo AÌ na‘mo {Z‘©ËgamUm§ gVm§ doÚ§ dmñVd‘² AÌ dñVw {edX§
A
VmnÌ`moÝ‘ybZ§ lr‘ØmJdVo ‘hm‘w{ZH¥$Vo qH$ dm na¡… B©ída… gÚmo ö{X
AdéÜ`Vo AÌ H¥${V{^… ewlfy {w ^… VËjUmV²'' (^mJ.nwam.1&1&2)B{V dmŠ`mV² › Z_ñH¥$Ë` ^JdmZ² ZmaX…... 142
{H$ånwZ… nmR>.o EVoZd¡ JrVmnmR>m@o {n ì`m»`mV…. VÌm{n AÜ`m`-g‘mßVm¡ Cn{ZfËgw (ŸdmgwXodmon{Zf{X : 1Ÿ)
~«÷{dÚm`m‘² B{V Xe©ZmV². A§JmX² A§JmX² g§^d{g... 36,75
(Ÿ~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{Zf{X : 6Ÿ&4Ÿ&9Ÿ)
({ZîH$f©…) A§JwîR>_mÌmo a{dVwë`ê$n…... 56
Vñ‘mX² CŠVm{V[aŠV‘od eyС… nR>Zr`§ ZVw lmdUr`§ nmR>Zr`§ dm {dÜ`^mdmX² (ŸídoVmídVamon{Zf{X : 5Ÿ&8Ÿ)
B{V {ZîH$f©…. A§Jo \$blw{V… AW©dmX…... 166
(Ÿ_r_m§gmgyÌd¥{ÎmÝ`m`{~ÝXm¡ : 4Ÿ&3Ÿ&1Ÿ)
B{V lrdëb^mMm`©MaU¡H$VmZñ` nrVmå~añ` VZwOoZ nwéfmoÎm‘oZ H¥$V… A§Jofw Zm§H$`oX² {dàmo... 168
eyÐmXo… lr^mJdVnR>ZnmR>Z{df`H$e§H$m{ZamgdmX… (Ÿ{dîUwñ_¥Vm¡ : Ÿ& Ÿ& Ÿ)
g‘mßV… A§emo ZmZmì`nXoemX²... 65
(Ÿ~«ô_gyÌo : 2Ÿ&3Ÿ&43Ÿ)
AH$m_… gd©H$m_mo dm... 191
(Ÿ^mJdVnwamUo : 2Ÿ&3Ÿ&10Ÿ)
AH$m_V… pñÌ`§ hËdm... 24
(Ÿàm`píMÎm_`yImÝVJ©V§ nmn^oX{Zê$nUoŸ)
AJwßVmo agmo agm^mg… ñ`mV²... 185
(Ÿ^mJdVgw~mo{YÝ`m§ : 10Ÿ&56Ÿ&44Ÿ)
"Ap½Z....'BË`m{XZm ^ñ_... 135
(ŸAWd©{eaCn{Zf{X : 5Ÿ)
Ap½Z…...dm`w…...`Wm EH$mo 228
(ŸH$R>mon{Zf{X : 2Ÿ&2Ÿ&9-12Ÿ)
"Ap½Za'BË`m{X{^… _ÝÌ¡…... 139

239 330
(Ÿgm¡ag§{hVm`m§ : Ÿ& Ÿ& Ÿ) (Ÿ~«ô_gyÌo : 3Ÿ&2Ÿ&18Ÿ)
A½Zm¡ {H«$`mdVm_²... 330 AVEd ^mJdV§ Zm_ AÝ`X²... 79
(ŸAp½ZnwamUo : Ÿ& Ÿ& Ÿ) (Ÿ^mJdVlrYa²`m§ : 1Ÿ&1Ÿ&1Ÿ)
AK§ YwÝdpÝV H$mËñÝ`}Z... 271 AVßVZy… Z VXm_mo AíZwVo... 164
(Ÿ^mJdVnwamUo : 6Ÿ&1Ÿ&15Ÿ) (ŸF$Šg§{hVm`m§ : 9Ÿ&83Ÿ&1Ÿ)
AMH«$Ym[aU§ {dà§... 166 A{VH$îQ>oZ àmUmZ² Yma`pÝV ~ôì`mo... 210
(ŸnÙnwamUmoÎmaIÊS>o : 224Ÿ&52-53Ÿ) (Ÿ^mJdVgw~mo{YÝ`m§ : 10Ÿ&44Ÿ&32Ÿ)
ApÀN>ÐgodZmV² M¡d... 310 A{VH«$mÝVo gm{dÍ`m…... 8
(ŸVÎdmW©Xrn{Z~ÝYàH$meo : 2Ÿ&316Ÿ) (ŸAmnñVå^Y_©gyÌo : 1Ÿ&1Ÿ&25-37Ÿ)
AOm`_mZmo ~hþYm {dOm`Vo... 236 AVmo {ZaÝVam`ËdmV² nam§... 200
(ŸV¡{Îmar`maÊ`Ho$ : 3Ÿ&13Ÿ&3Ÿ) (Ÿg§JrVaËZmH$ao : 7Ÿ&1354-1356Ÿ)
A{Okm{gV_Õ_m}... 130 AÌ AmË_m (Ÿ?nwéf…Ÿ) ñd`ÄÁ`mo{V…... 63
(Ÿ^mJdVnwamUo : 11Ÿ&18Ÿ&38Ÿ) (Ÿ~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{Zf{X : 4Ÿ&3Ÿ&9Ÿ)
AkíM AlÔYmZíM... 262 AÌ gJm} {dgJ©… M... 86
(Ÿ^JdX²JrVm`m§ : 4Ÿ&40Ÿ) (Ÿ^mJdVnwamUo : 2Ÿ&10Ÿ&1Ÿ)
AUmoaUr`mZ² _hVmo _hr`mZ²... 195,251 AÌm{n `moJOY_}U ì`mg… Ì`_²... 210
(ŸH$R>mon{Zf{X : 2Ÿ&20-23Ÿ,ŸídoVmídVamon{Zf{X : 3Ÿ&20Ÿ) (Ÿ^mJdVgw~mo{YÝ`m§ : 1Ÿ&1Ÿ&1-4Ÿ)
AV… na§ àdú`m{_... 153 AÌm{n doX{ZÝXm`m_²... 282,342
(ŸñH$ÝXnwamUñW{ÛVr`o d¡îUdIÊS>o : 4Ÿ&2Ÿ) (ŸVÎdmW©Xrn{Z~ÝYo : 2Ÿ&216Ÿ)
AV… n¥ÀN>m{_ g§{gqÕ... 105 AW AH$m_`_mZ…... 255
(Ÿ^mJdVnwamUo : 1Ÿ&19Ÿ&37-38Ÿ) (Ÿ~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{Zf{X : 4Ÿ&4Ÿ&6Ÿ)
AV… {ed… M {dîUw… M... 226 AW EVV² na_§ Jwø_²... 115
(Ÿ~mb~moYo : 11-13Ÿ) (Ÿ^mJdVnwamUo : 11Ÿ&11Ÿ&49Ÿ)
AV… ñZoh… nXmWm©ÝVa§... 232 AW H$W_² EVEd agm…Ÿ?... 175-76
(Ÿ^mJdVgw~mo{YÝ`m§ : 1Ÿ&19Ÿ&16Ÿ) (ŸagJ§JmYampôZHo$ : 1Ÿ)
AVEd M Cn_m gy`©H$m{XdX²... 65,72

331 332
AW H$ñ_mX² CÀ`Vo "^JdmZ² _hoída…'... 21
(ŸAWd©{eaCn{Zf{X : 4Ÿ) AY¥Ëdm {d{YZm MH«§$... 163
AW JmonrMÝXZ§ Z_ñH¥$Ë`... 142 (ŸnÙnwamUmoÎmaIÊS>o : 224Ÿ&40-41Ÿ)
(ŸdmgwXodmon{Zf{X : 1-10Ÿ) AÜ`mnZ_² AÜ``Z§... 26,291
AW amÌm¡ Ap½ZhmoÌ^ñ_Zm... 138 (Ÿ_Zwñ_¥Vm¡ : 10Ÿ&75-77Ÿ)
(ŸdmgwXodmon{Zf{X : 1Ÿ) AZYr`mZ§... `mO`pÝV... 292
AWd©{ea… {eImÜ`m{`eV_²... 132,142 (Ÿ_Zwñ_¥Vm¡ : 3Ÿ&151-52Ÿ)
(ŸZ¥qghnyd©VmnZr`mon{Zf{X : 8Ÿ&1Ÿ) AZ`m Vo H$mË`m`Ý`m... 314
AWdm EH$mo Ah_²... 31 (Ÿ~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{Zf{X : 2Ÿ&4Ÿ&1Ÿ)
(Ÿ_hm^maVo : 12Ÿ&9Ÿ&12Ÿ) AZmJV_² AVrV§ M... 56
AWdm gd©Xm emņ̃... 281 (Ÿ^mJdVnwamUo : 10Ÿ&61Ÿ&21Ÿ)
(ŸVÎdmW©Xrn{Z~ÝYo : 2Ÿ&253-254Ÿ) AZm`©_² Am`©H$_m©U_²... 6
AWmVmo ^pŠV{Okmgm... 183 (Ÿ_Zwñ_¥Vm¡ : 10Ÿ&73Ÿ)
(ŸempÊS>ë`^pŠVgyÌo : 1Ÿ&1Ÿ&1Ÿ) AZwJ«hmpË_H$m epŠV…... 253
AWmo {dîUw… {gVaŠVnrVgwVZw…... 82 (ŸnÄMamÌmÝVJ©Vo bú_rVÝÌo : 13Ÿ&1-11Ÿ)
(Ÿ . Ÿ& Ÿ) AZ¥V§ _Zgm Ü`m`{V... 223
AXr{jVñ` dm_moé... 89 (ŸV¡{Îmar`~«mô_Uo : 1Ÿ&1Ÿ&4Ÿ&1Ÿ)
(ŸnÙnwamUo : Ÿ& Ÿ& Ÿ) AZoH$^yV-^m¡{VH$-Xod-{V`©L²>... 229
AXmo `X² Xmé ßbdVo... 124,334 (Ÿ~«ô_gyÌmUw^mî`o : 1Ÿ&1Ÿ&2Ÿ)
(ŸF$Šg§{hVm`m§ : 10Ÿ&155Ÿ&3Ÿ) AÝV…H$aUewÕm… `o... 136
A{YîR>mZ§ VWm H$Vm©... 56 (ŸñH$ÝXnwamUmÝVJ©VMVwW©IÊS>o : 35Ÿ&141Ÿ)
(Ÿ^JdX²JrVm`m§ : 18Ÿ&14Ÿ) AÝVJ©¥hJVm… H$mpíMX² Jmoß`mo... 206-7
AYrVdmZ² ÛmnamXm¡... 85 (Ÿ^mJdVnwamUo : 10Ÿ&26Ÿ&11Ÿ)
(Ÿ^mJdVnwamUo : 2Ÿ&1Ÿ&8Ÿ) AÝYV_… à{depÝV `o... 235
AYwZmVw H$bm¡ gd}... 303,342-3 (ŸHo$Zmon{Zf{X : 9-11Ÿ)
(ŸVÎdmW©Xrn{Z~ÝYo : 2Ÿ&212Ÿ) AÝZXmVm ^`ÌmVm... 110

333 334
(Ÿ~«ô_d¡dV©nwamUo : 1Ÿ&10Ÿ&153Ÿ) (ŸZmaXr`g§{hVm`m§ : 12Ÿ&51-57Ÿ)
AÝ`Xodofw `m ^pŠV…... 132 A{^gÝYm` `mo qhgm§... 129,332
(Ÿ~«÷nwamUo : Ÿ& Ÿ& Ÿ) (Ÿ^mJdVnwamUo : 3Ÿ&29Ÿ&8Ÿ)
AÝ`m{^bmfeyÝ`Ëdo g{V... 172 Aä`§Jo gyVHo$ M¡d... 147
(Ÿ^pŠVagm_¥V{gÝYm¡ : 1Ÿ&1Ÿ&11Ÿ) (Ÿñ_¥{Vgmag_wÀM`o : Ÿ& Ÿ& Ÿ)
AÝ`mo AÝVa AmË_m... 196,257 A_pÝÌH$mVw H$m`m© B`§... 24
(ŸV¡{Îmar`mon{Zf{X : 2Ÿ&4-5Ÿ) (Ÿ_Zwñ_¥Vm¡ : 2Ÿ&66Ÿ)
AÝ`mo ^d{V d¡ ~mb…... 111 A`§ `O_mZ… Am`w… AmemñVo... 97
(Ÿ . Ÿ& Ÿ) (ŸV¡{Îmar`~«mô_Uo : 3Ÿ&5Ÿ&10Ÿ&4Ÿ)
AnaÄM XmZo {h Z ñd{d{Z`moJmo... 300 A`ÄM ag… gd©^mdànÎ`oH$bä`…... 213
(ŸZdaËZàH$meo : 1Ÿ) (Ÿ{Q>ßnUrnyaH$m§eo : 10Ÿ&26Ÿ&16Ÿ)
11 AnamYmo Ad¡îUdñ` ñdgoì`àXe©Z_²... 185,307 A`_² AWm} "Xodmgwamo _Zwî`mo dm'... 280
(Ÿ66AnamYm… VË\$bm{Z B{V {Zê$nUoŸ) (ŸVÎdmW©Xrn{Z~ÝYàH$memdaU^§Jo : 2Ÿ&232Ÿ)
An[a{_Vm… Y«wdm… VZw^¥Vmo... 53 A`_² AmË_m ~«÷ {dkmZ_`…... 73
(Ÿ^mJdVnwamUo : 10Ÿ&87Ÿ&30Ÿ) (Ÿ~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{Zf{X : 4Ÿ&4Ÿ&5Ÿ)
A{n ¿ZÝV… enÝVmo dm... 111 A`_² AmË_m gd}fm§ ^yVmZm_²... 101
(Ÿ~«ô_d¡dV©nwamUo : Ÿ& Ÿ& Ÿ) (Ÿ~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{Zf{X : 2Ÿ&6Ÿ&15Ÿ)
A{n MoV² gwXwamMmamo... 192,255 A`m{MVmöV§ J«môç§... 291
(Ÿ^JdX²JrVm`m§ : 9Ÿ&30Ÿ) (Ÿ`mkdëŠ`ñ_¥Vm¡ : 1Ÿ&9Ÿ&112-113Ÿ)
AnwÌ… g M {eî`m`... 110 AM©Z§ gåàdú`m{_... 118,327-28
(ŸñH$ÝXnwamUñW{ÛVr`d¡îUdIÊS>mÝVJ©VH$m{V©H$_mhmËå`o : 13Ÿ&7Ÿ) (ŸAmMma_mYdr`o ,ñ_¥{VMpÝÐH$m`m§ : XodmM©Z{Zê$nUoŸ)
Aßgw A½Zm¡ öX`o gy`}... 118,323,327,329 AMm©{Xfw `Xm `Ì... 326
(Ÿñ_¥{Vgmag_wÀM`o : Ÿ& Ÿ) (Ÿ^mJdVnwamUo : 11Ÿ&27Ÿ&48-49Ÿ)
A~«m÷UmñVw fQ> àmoŠVm…... 40 AMm©Xm¡ AM©`oX² VmdX²... 332
(ŸEoVao`~«mô_U^mî`o : 3Ÿ&5Ÿ&Ÿ) (Ÿ^mJdVnwamUo : 3Ÿ&29Ÿ&25Ÿ)
A{^Km`© MVw^m©J§... 291 AMm©Xm¡ AM©`oX² `mo _m§... 129,332

335 336
(Ÿ^mJdVnwamUo : 3Ÿ&29Ÿ&9Ÿ) (ŸnÙnwamUmoÎmaIÊS>o : 226Ÿ&32Ÿ&2Ÿ)
AMm©`m_od ha`o nyOm§ `…... 129,333 Ad¡îUdmon{XîQ>oZ _ÝÌoU... 112
(Ÿ^mJdVnwamUo : 11Ÿ&2Ÿ&47Ÿ) (ŸnÄMamÌo : Ÿ& Ÿ)
A{M©î`pÝV _Zwî`m… Ëdm§... 79 AídËWnÌ-g§H$memo... 150
(Ÿ^mJdVnwamUo : 10Ÿ&2Ÿ&10Ÿ) (ŸnÙnwamUñWnyd©^mJmÝVJ©VmoËH$bIÊS>o : 225Ÿ&56-58Ÿ)
A{M©î`Z² XodVm{VWrZ²... 292 AîQ>mXenwamUmZm§ H$Vm©... 87
(Ÿ`mkdëŠ`ñ_¥{V~mbH«$sS>moXmöVdm{eîR>dMZo : 1Ÿ&9Ÿ&213Ÿ) (ŸnÙnwamUmoÎmaIÊS>o : 222Ÿ&73Ÿ)
AWm©l`Ëd§ eãXñ`... 266 AîQ>mXenwamUm{Z... 77,79,84
(Ÿ^mJdVnwamUo : 3Ÿ&26Ÿ&33Ÿ) (ŸñH$ÝXnwamUo : Ÿ& Ÿ& . _Ëñ`nwamUo : 53Ÿ&69Ÿ)
Aën§ dm ~hþ dm `ñ`... 302 AîQ>mXenwamUm{Z AîQ>m¡ ì`mH$aUm{Z... 85
(Ÿ_Zwñ_¥Vm¡ : 2Ÿ&149-155Ÿ) (Ÿ^{dî`nwamUo : 1Ÿ&58Ÿ)
AdVmamUm§ _Ü`o loîR>mo... 132 AîQ>moÎmaeV§ Hw$`m©V²... 157
(ŸJmonmbmoÎmaVmnZr`mon{Zf{X : 10Ÿ) (ŸAmMma_mYdr`o : Ÿ& Ÿ)
AdpñWVo[a{V H$meH¥$ËñZ…... 73 AîQ>moÎmaeV_{U... 157
(Ÿ~«ô_gyÌo : 1Ÿ&4Ÿ&22Ÿ) (ŸJmoV_rVÝÌo : Ÿ& Ÿ& Ÿ)
A{dÚm B`§ `X²~Õmo `m{V... 221-22 AgŠV~w{Õ… gd©Ì... 239
(ŸVÎdmW©Xrn{Z~ÝYo : 1Ÿ&27-33Ÿ) (Ÿ^JdX²JrVm`m§ : 18Ÿ&49-55Ÿ)
A{dÚmo dm g{dÚmo dm... 111 Ag{V gV² à{VpîR>V_²... 243
(ŸAm{XË`nwamUo : 50Ÿ&18Ÿ) (ŸAWd©g§{hVm`m§ : 17Ÿ&1Ÿ&19Ÿ)
A{déÕm: {déÕm dm... 198 ApñV ^m{V {à`§ ê$n§... 230
(Ÿgm{hË`Xn©Uo : 3Ÿ&174Ÿ) (ŸdmŠ`gwYm`m§ : 20Ÿ)
Ado{h _m§ ^mJ©d dH«$VwÊS>_²... 132 ApñV eyÐñ` ewlyfm... 341
(ŸJUn{Vnyd©VmnZr`mon{Zf{X : 1Ÿ&5Ÿ) (ŸñH$ÝXnwamUo : Ÿ& Ÿ)
Ad¡îUdñVw `mo {dà…... 335 AñË`od _o gd©_² BX§... 86
(ŸnmÙnwamUmoÎmaIÊS>o : 235Ÿ&27-28Ÿ) (Ÿ^mJdVnwamUo : 1Ÿ&5Ÿ&5Ÿ)
Ad¡îUdmon{XîQ>ÝVw... 112

337 338
Añ_Xr`… H$m_… VÌ Z JÀN>{V... 213
(Ÿ^mJdVgw~mo{YÝ`m§ : 10Ÿ&19Ÿ&10Ÿ) AmMm`ª _m§ {dOmZr`mX²... 82,111
Ah§ H¥$ËñZ… àgmXoZ... 211 (Ÿ^mJdVnwamUo : 11Ÿ&17Ÿ&27Ÿ)
(Ÿ^mJdVgw~mo{YÝ`m§ : 10Ÿ&44Ÿ&37Ÿ) AmMm`©… AmMma§ J«mh`{V... 302
Ah§ ~«÷mpñ_... 248 (Ÿ{ZéŠV{ZKÊQ>m¡ : 1Ÿ&2Ÿ&2Ÿ)
(Ÿ~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{Zf{X : 1Ÿ&4Ÿ&10Ÿ) AmMm`}Vw Ibw àoV.o .. 283
Ah§ ^ŠVnamYrZ…... 114 (Ÿ_Zwñ_¥Vm¡ : 2Ÿ&247Ÿ)
(Ÿ^mJdVnwamUo : 9Ÿ&4Ÿ&63Ÿ) Amkmn`ñd _m§ _mV…... 110
Ah§ gd}fw ^yVofw... 118,332 (Ÿ_hm^maVo : 14Ÿ&55Ÿ&2Ÿ)
(Ÿ^mJdVnwamUo : 3Ÿ&29Ÿ&21-34Ÿ) AmË_H¥$Vo… n[aUm_mX²... 122
Ah§ {h gd©`kmZm§... 236 (Ÿ~«ô_gyÌo : 1Ÿ&4Ÿ&26Ÿ)
(Ÿ^JdX²JrVm`m§ : 9Ÿ&24Ÿ) AmË_ZíM nañ`m{n... 332
Ah_² AmË_m AmË_Zm§ YmV…... 182,194,230 (Ÿ^mJdVnwamUo : 3Ÿ&29Ÿ&26Ÿ)
(Ÿ^mJdVnwamUo : 3Ÿ&9Ÿ&42Ÿ) AmË_{Zdo{XZm_²... 115
Ah_² CÀMmdM¡… Ðì`¡…... 332 (Ÿ^mJdVnwamUo : 11Ÿ&19Ÿ&24Ÿ)
(Ÿ^mJdVnwamUo : 3Ÿ&29Ÿ&24Ÿ) AmË_Ý`od a{V… `ñ`... 207
Ahmo `y`§ M ñ_ nyUm©Wm©…... 215 (Ÿ^mJdVgw~mo{YÝ`m§ : 10Ÿ&27Ÿ&34Ÿ)
(Ÿ^mJdVnwamUo : 10Ÿ&44Ÿ&23-26Ÿ) AmË_m dm Aao ÐîQ>ì`…... 228
(Ÿ~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{Zf{X : 2Ÿ&4Ÿ&5Ÿ)
Am AmË_mZ§ MoX² {dOmZr`mX²... 55
AmH$medV² gd©JV§ {ZË`§... 57 (Ÿ~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{Zf{X : 4Ÿ&4Ÿ&12Ÿ)
(ŸempÊS>ë`mon{Zf{X : 2Ÿ&1Ÿ) AmË_mam_míM _wZ`mo... 243,254
AmH¥${VJ«hUm Om{V…... 2 (Ÿ^mJdVnwamUo : 1Ÿ&7Ÿ&10Ÿ)
(ŸnmVÄOb_hm^mî`o : 4Ÿ&1Ÿ&33Ÿ) AmË_¡d BX§ gd©_² B{V... 230
AmMmamo Y_©_mJ©… M... 109 (ŸN>mÝXmo½`mon{Zf{X : 7Ÿ&25Ÿ&2Ÿ)
(Ÿ . Ÿ& Ÿ& Ÿ) Am{X_Ü`mdgmZofw... 81

339 340
(Ÿ^mJdVnwamUo : 12Ÿ&13Ÿ&11Ÿ) (ŸnwpîQ>àdmh_`m©XmJ«ÝWo : 18Ÿ)
AmÚ§ gZVHw$_mamoŠV§ ... 80 AmgrZ_² D$ì`mª ^JdÝV_² AmÚ_²... 107
(ŸHy$_©nwamUmÝVJ©Vnyd©{d^mJo : 1Ÿ&17-20Ÿ) (Ÿ^mJdVnwamUo : 3Ÿ&8Ÿ&3Ÿ)
AmÚmo@dVmamo `Ìmgm¡... 132 Amgwa§ nmW©_² _o e¥Uw... 275
(Ÿ^mJdVnwamUo : 3Ÿ&6Ÿ&8Ÿ) (Ÿ^JdX²JrVm`m§ : 16Ÿ&6Ÿ)
AmZÝXmX²Ü`od Ibw B_m{Z... 196 AmñdmX`pÝV ^wÄOmZm…... 208
(ŸV¡{Îmar`mon{Zf{X : 3Ÿ&6Ÿ) (Ÿ^aVZmQ²çemñÌo : 6Ÿ&32-34Ÿ)
AmZÝXmo ~«÷o{V ì`OmZmX²... 233,256 AmhmaewÕm¡ gÎdew{Õ…... 280,289
(ŸV¡{Îmar`mon{Zf{X : 3Ÿ&6Ÿ) (ŸN>mÝXmo½`mon{Zf{X : 7Ÿ&26Ÿ&2Ÿ)
AmnmVVñVw gd}fm_²... 284
(ŸVÎdmW©Xrn{Z~ÝYo : 2Ÿ&307Ÿ) B
Am^mgEd M... 65,73 BV… D$Üdª nVpÝV EVo... 26
(Ÿ~«ô_gyÌo : 2Ÿ&3Ÿ&50Ÿ) (Ÿ`mkdëŠ`ñ_¥Vm¡ : 2Ÿ&38Ÿ)
Amaä` Zm{gH$m_yb§... 149 B{V AîQ>m¡ agm… emÝV…... 178
(ŸnÙnwamUmoÎmaIÊS>o : 225Ÿ&83Ÿ) (Ÿgm{hË`Xn©Uo : 3Ÿ&182Ÿ)
AmamÜ`ËdàH$maH$kmZê$nËd_²... 172 B{VhmgnwamUmZm_²... 87
(Ÿ{H$aUmdbr_§JbmMaUoŸ) (Ÿ^mJdVnwamUo : 1Ÿ&4Ÿ&22Ÿ)
AmdmhZ_² AW AÌm{n... 126 B{VhmgnwamU§ doXmZm§... 268
(Ÿ{dîUwY_m}ÎmanwamUo : 3Ÿ&108Ÿ&15-16Ÿ) (ŸN>mÝXmo½`mon{Zf{X : 7Ÿ&1Ÿ&2Ÿ)
Am{d^m©d… ñdoÀN>`m ^ŠË`m... 214 BËW§ M n[aVwîQ>§ _m§... 109
(Ÿ^mJdVgw~mo{YÝ`m§ : 10Ÿ&26Ÿ&13Ÿ) (Ÿ_hm^maVo : 14Ÿ&55Ÿ&22Ÿ)
Am{d^m©d{XZo Z `oZ J{UVmo... 199 BX§ Zm_mË_H§$ ^JdVmo ê$n§... 281
(Ÿlrê$nJmoñdm{_g§J¥hrVnÚmdë`m§Ÿ) (ŸVÎdmW©Xrn{Z~ÝYo : 3Ÿ&1Ÿ&27Ÿ)
AmfmoS>emX² ÛmqdemV² M... 18 BX§ ^JdVm nydª... 81
(Ÿ`mkdëŠ`ñ_¥Vm¡ : 1Ÿ&2Ÿ&37-38Ÿ) (Ÿ^mJdVnwamUo : 12Ÿ&13Ÿ&10Ÿ)
AmgŠVm¡ ^JdmZod... 342 BX§ `Wm VWm d¥{ÎmdmXo... 280,289

341 342
(ŸVÎdmW©Xrn{Z~ÝYàH$memdaU^§Jo : 2Ÿ&232Ÿ) (Ÿ_Zwñ_¥Vm¡ : 2Ÿ&209Ÿ)
BX§ {eamod«V§ MrU©_²... 139 CÕybZ§ {ÌnwÊS´>§ M... 139
(Ÿgm¡ag§{hVm`m§ : Ÿ) (Ÿ~«÷nwamUo : Ÿ& Ÿ& Ÿ)
BX§ gdª `X² A`_² AmË_m... 121 CX²dhoV {ÛOmo ^m`mª gdUmª... 14
(Ÿ~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{Zf{X : 2Ÿ&4Ÿ&6Ÿ) (Ÿ_Zwñ_¥Vm¡ : 3Ÿ&4Ÿ)
BX_² Amf} à_mU§ M... 39 CX²dmgmdmhZo Z ñV…... 83,125
(Ÿ_hm^maVo : 3Ÿ&177Ÿ&28Ÿ) (Ÿ^mJdVnwamUo : 11Ÿ&27Ÿ&13Ÿ)
BÝЧ {_̧ déU_² A{¾_²... 225 CnZr` Jwé… {eî`§... 301
(ŸF$Šg§{hVm`m§ : 2Ÿ&3Ÿ&22Ÿ&46Ÿ) (Ÿ_Zwñ_¥Vm¡ : 2Ÿ&69Ÿ)
BpÝÐ`mUm§ _Z… M Apñ_... 223 CnZr` Vw `… {eî`§... 300,315
(Ÿ^JdX²JrVm`m§ : 10Ÿ&22Ÿ) (Ÿ_Zwñ_¥Vm¡ : 2Ÿ&140Ÿ)
BÝÐmo _m`m{^… nwéê$n B©`Vo... 121 CnZr` XXX² doX_²... 302
(Ÿ~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{Zf{X : 2Ÿ&5Ÿ&19Ÿ) (Ÿ`mkdëŠ`ñ_¥Vm¡ : 1Ÿ&2Ÿ&33Ÿ)
B_o {dXohm… A`_² Ah_² Apñ_... 103,112 Cnbä` Aßgw MoX²... 53
(Ÿ~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{Zf{X : 4Ÿ&2Ÿ&4Ÿ) (Ÿ_hm^maVo : 12Ÿ&224Ÿ&40Ÿ)
B`Xod {h gpÀN>î`¡…... 112,120 CndrVÄM XodmZm_²... 160
(Ÿ^mJdVnwamUo : 10Ÿ&77Ÿ&41Ÿ) (ŸV¡{Îmar`g§{hVm`m§ : 2Ÿ&5Ÿ&11Ÿ)
BhVw H$W§ dV©_mZH$mbVm... 187
(ŸnmVÄOb_hm^mî`o : 3Ÿ&1Ÿ&26Ÿ) D$
D$Üdª nwÊS´>§ F$Ow§ gm¡å`§... 146,148
C (ŸAmMma_`yImÝVJ©V{VbH${Zê$nUoŸ)
CŠV§ ^ñ_moÕybZ§ Z gH$b¡…... 141 D$Üd©nwÊS>§´ {ÌnwÊS´>§ dm... 148
(Ÿ . Ÿ& Ÿ& Ÿ) (ŸAmMma_`yIo : n¥.50Ÿ,Ÿà`mo.nm[a. Ÿ& Ÿ& Ÿ)
CËnmXH$-~«÷XmÌmo…... 22 D$Üd©nwÊS´>§ {ÛO… Hw$`m©V²... 144
(Ÿ_Zwñ_¥Vm¡ : 1Ÿ&146-148Ÿ) (Ÿ~«÷nwamUo : Ÿ& Ÿ& Ÿ)
CËgmXZ§ M JmÌmUm§... 283 D$Üd©nwÊS´>§ {ÛOmVrZm_²... 146,151

343 344
(ŸY_©àd¥Îmm¡ : Ÿ& Ÿ& Ÿ)
D$Üd©nwÊS´>§ {edñ` Ed§...
(ŸAmMma_`yIo : n¥.50Ÿ)
D$Üd©nwÊS´>Ya§ {dà§...
(ŸnÙnwamUmoÎmaIÊS>o : 225Ÿ&8-9Ÿ)
D$Üd©nwÊS´>ÝVw gd}fm§...
(ŸnÙnwamUñW~«ô_IÊS>o : 225-17Ÿ)
D$Üd©nwÊS´>o {ÌnwÊS´>§ `…...
(ŸñH$ÝXnwamUo : 23Ÿ& Ÿ& Ÿ)
F$
F$V§ {n~ÝVm¡...
(ŸH$R>mon{Zf{X : 3Ÿ&1Ÿ)
E (ŸVÎdmW©Xrn{Z~ÝYo : 2Ÿ&256Ÿ)
EH$… gZ² ~hþYm {dMma…...
(ŸV¡{Îmar`maÊ`Ho$ : 3Ÿ&11Ÿ&1Ÿ)
EH$Ed AmË_m _ÝVì`…...
(Ÿ~«ô_{~ÝXyn{Zf{X : 11Ÿ)
EH$Ed {h ^yVmË_m ^yVo-^yVo...
(Ÿ~«ô_{~ÝXyn{Zf{X : 12Ÿ)
EH${Û{ÌMVwînmX…...
(Ÿ^mJdVnwamUo : 11Ÿ&7Ÿ&22Ÿ)
EH$_od A{ÛVr`_²...
(ŸN>mÝXmo½`mon{Zf{X : 6Ÿ&2Ÿ&3Ÿ)
EH$`moJ{Z{X©îQ>mZm§ gh...
345
(Ÿnm{U{Zn[a^mfm`m§ : 17Ÿ)
144 EH$mXeopÝÐ`mUm_{n... 250
(Ÿ^mJdVgw~mo{YÝ`m§ : 10Ÿ&26Ÿ&31Ÿ)
151 EH$mpÝVZmo _hm^mJm…... 148
(ŸnÙnwamUmoÎmaIÊS>o : 225Ÿ&21,23,25,27Ÿ)
144 EH$mer{V…...~«m÷Um… ~^ydw…... 30
(Ÿ^mJdVnwamUo : 5Ÿ&2Ÿ&13Ÿ)
151 EV§ h dmd Z Vn{V... 76
(ŸV¡{Îmar`mon{Zf{X : 2Ÿ&9Ÿ)
EVX² dXpÝV _wZ`…... 114
(Ÿ^mJdVnwamUo : 11Ÿ&27Ÿ&2Ÿ)
71 EVÝZmZmdVmamUm§... 132
(Ÿ^mJdVnwamUo : 1Ÿ&3Ÿ&5Ÿ)
EVÝ_mJ©Û`§ àmoŠV§... 285
236 EVñ`¡d AmZÝXñ` AÝ`m{Z... 182,185,196,233,241
(Ÿ~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{Zf{X : 4Ÿ&3Ÿ&32Ÿ)
71 EVmd{V AmË_O¡… dra... 120
(Ÿ^mJdVnwamUo : 3Ÿ&13Ÿ&10Ÿ)
65,71 EVmdX² Aao Ibw A_¥VËd_²... 138,228
(Ÿ~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{Zf{X : 4Ÿ&5Ÿ&15Ÿ)
119 EVo M A§eH$bm… nw§g…... 132
(Ÿ^mJdVnwamUo : 1Ÿ&3Ÿ&28Ÿ)
225 EVoZ ^JdXWª {Zén{Y ñdgd©ñd... 297
(Ÿ{gÕmÝV_wŠVmd{b{ddaUo : 2Ÿ)
24 Ed§ H$m¡{eH$Jmo̧ VX²... 19
346
(Ÿ^mJdVnwamUo : 9Ÿ&16Ÿ&37Ÿ) (H$m¡{fVŠ`wn{Z{X : 3&8)
Ed§ J{X…... 268 Efdm Ap½Z… d¡ídmZamo... 28
(^mJdVnwamUo : 11&12&19) (V¡{Îmar`~«m÷Uo : 2&1&4&5)
Ed§ JwUËdo@{n ~«÷M`m©{dßbdoZ... 306 Efmo AUw… AmË‘m MoVgm... 57
(`mkdëŠ`r`~mbH«$sS>m`m§ : 1&3&55) (‘wÊS>H$mon{Zf{X : 3&1&9)
Ed§ XrZdM… àmoÀ`... 281 Efmo Añ` na‘mZÝX…... 230
(nÙnwamUmÝVJ©V^mJdV‘mhmËå`o : 6&32) (~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{Zf{X : 4&3&31)
Ed§ Y‘£… ‘Zwî`mUm‘²... 100,102,114,130
(^mJdVnwamUo : 11&19&24) Eo
Ed§ {Z`‘H¥$X² amOZ²... 271 EoVmXmËå`‘² BX§ gdª VV² gË`§... 15,16,122,221
(^mJdVnwamUo : 6&1&12) (N>mÝXmo½`mon{Zf{X : 6&8&7)
Ed§ nwamUgÝXmoh…... 86 EoÝвçm Jmh©nË`‘² Cn{VîR>Vo... 164
(^mJdVnwamUo : 12&13&10) (‘¡Ìm`Urg§{hVm`m§ : 3&2&4)
Ed§ {d{YZm JmonrMÝXZ§... 138 Eoíd`©ñ` g‘J«ñ`... 214
(dmgwXodmon{Zf{X : 1) ({dîUwnwamUo : 6&5&74)
Ed§ g àOmn{V… OJX² BX§... 33-34
(~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{ZfÀN>m§H$a^mî`o : 1&4&6) H$
Ed‘od Ef gåàgmXmo... 235 H$W§ ^mJdVmo ^doX²... 114
(N>mÝXmo½`mon{Zf{X : 8&12&3-6) (nÙnwamUo : & & )
Ef AmË‘m AnhVnmß‘m... 122 H$W‘² BXmZr‘² EVo ñWm{`Zmo... 184
(N>mÝXmo½`mon{Zf{X : 8&1&5) (^aVZmQ²>çemñÌo : 7&8)
Ef Vo A{^{hV… H¥$ËñZmo... 346 H$am¡ hao… ‘pÝXa‘mO©Zm{Xfw... 164
(^mJdVnwamUo : 11&29&23) (^mJdVnwamUo : 9&4&18)
Ef øod AmZÝX`m{V... 233,241 H$Um£ {nYm` {Za`mX²... 83
(V¡{Îmar`mon{Zf{X : 2&7) (^mJdVnwamUo : 4&4&17)
Ef øod EZ§ gmYw H$‘© H$ma`{V... 195 H$‘©Um Om`Vo OÝVw…... 39

347 348
(~«ô‘d¡dV©nwamUo : 2&24&17-23) (Ý`m`H$moeo)
H$‘©Um§ OmË`ewÕ... 104 "H$mb'g§km§ VXm X¡dt... 264
(^mJdVnwamUo : 11&20&26) (.&&)
H$‘©Ê`m {dYm ^¥Ë`m... 318 "H$mbrnwamUm'»`§ dm{eîR>§ ‘w{Znw§Jd... 80
(A‘aH$moeo : 2&10&38) (gyVg§{hVm`m§ : & & )
H$qb g^mO`pÝV Am`m©…... 82 H$mì`mXrZm‘² AgË`ËdmV²... 186
(^mJdVnwamUo : 11&5&36) (VÎdmW©Xrn{Z~ÝYàH$meo : 2&80)
H${bXmofV… nm{dÍ`m` H${V{MV²... 82 qH$ nwZ… ~«m÷Um… nwÊ`m…... 162
(g§dËgaàXr{nH$m`m§ : & ) (^JdX²JrVm`m§ : 9&33)
H$bo… ~{bîR>ËdoZ A{J«‘ofw... 277 qH$ ‘ÝÌ¡… ~hþ{^… {dZída’$b¡…... 98
(VÎdmW©Xrn{Z~ÝYmdaU^§Jo : 2&228) (.&)
H$bm¡ ZîQ>Ñem‘² Ef... 85 qH$ ñVmo̧ H$dM§ {dîUmo…... 109
(^mJdVnwamUo : 1&3&45) (~«ô‘d¡dV©nwamUo : 1&19&8)
H$píMZ² ‘‘ AZwÜ`mZoZ... 105 qH$ ñdßZ EVX² CV Xod‘m`m... 264
(^mJdVnwamUo : 3&29&18) (^mJdVnwamUo : 10&8&40-41)
H$pñ‘Z² Ah‘² CËH«$mÝVo... 57 {H$ÄM bmoH$m… ^«mÝVm… ^dÝË`od... 204
(àíZmon{Zf{X : 6&3) (^mJdVgw~mo{YÝ`m§ : 1&11&39)
H$m ñÌr A§J Vo H$bnXm`V‘ypÀN>©VoZ... 203 {H$amVhÿUmÝY«nw{bÝXnwëH$gm…... 147,255,280,289,302
(^mJdVnwamUo : 10&26&40) (^mJdVnwamUo : 2&4&18)
H$m‘… VXJ«o g‘dV©Vm{Y... 196 H$sV©ZmXod H¥$îUñ`... 82
(F$Šg§{hVm`m§ : 10&129&4) (^mJdVnwamUo : 12&3&51)
H$m‘… g§H$ënmo {d{M{H$Ëgm... 55,196,241 Hw$éVo AMm©{dS>å~Z‘²... 325
(~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{Zf{X : 1&5&3) (^mJdVnwamUo : 3&29&21)
H$m‘¡… V¡ñV¡… öVkmZm…... 227 H¥$ÀN´>§ ``m¡ ‘yY©{Z ^V¥©nmXwHo$... 325
(^JdX²JrVm`m§ : 7&20) (^mJdVnwamUo : 11&29&46)
H$maH$ËdÄM {H«$`mpÝdV... 295 H¥$V§ ÌoVm Ûmna§ M... 82

349 350
(^mJdVnwamUo : 11&5&20) (Jm¡V‘r`VÝÌo : & )
H¥$Vo lwË`wŠV‘mJ©… ñ`mV²... 89 H¥$îUmo A`§ H$m‘Xodmo A`§... 132
({dîUw`m‘bo : & ) (.&)
H¥$Ëdm VmdÝV‘² AmË‘mZ‘²... 164 Ho${MV² Ho$db`m ^ŠË`m... 105,271
(^mJdVnwamUo : 10&30&20&) (^mJdVnwamUo : 6&1&15)
H¥$ËñZ… àkmZKZ... 124 Ho${MX² `{X na§ gÝV…... 293
(~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{Zf{X : 4&5&13) (AmJ‘àm‘mÊ`o)
H¥$nmn[akmZÄM ‘mJ©éÀ`m {ZíMr`Vo... 288 Ho${MX² ... 271
(VÎdmW©Xrn{Z~ÝYàH$meo : 2&255-256) (^mJdVnwamUo : 6&1&15)
"H¥${fa' CËH¥$îQ>dMZmo... 252 Ho$dboZ {h ^mdoZ... 114,339
(.&&) (^mJdVnwamUo : 11&12&8)
"H¥${fa' ^ydmMH$… eãX…... 265,338 H¡$dë`à`moOZ‘²... 81
(Jmonmbnyd©VmnZr`mon{Zf{X : 1&1) (^mJdVnwamUo : 12&13&12)
H¥$îUgodm gXm H$m`m©... 279,293 H$moøod AÝ`mV² H$… àmÊ`mX²... 182
({gÕmÝV‘wŠVmdë`m§ : 1-2) (V¡{Îmar`mon{Zf{X : 2&7)
H¥$îUgodmna§ drú`... 306 {H«$`m gdm©{n g¡d AÌ... 207
(VÎdmW©Xrn{Z~ÝYo : 2&227) (^mJdVgw~mo{YZrH$m[aH$m`m§ : 10&26&17)
H¥$îUgodmnaËdo g{V Xå^m{Xa{hVËdo... 288,305 {H«$`m`moJ§ g‘mMúd... 114
(VÎdmW©Xrn{Z~ÝYo : 2&227) (^mJdVnwamUo : 11&27&1)
H¥$îUñVw ^JdmZ² ñd`‘²... 132,265,338 H«$sS>mW©‘² AmË‘Z… BX§... 103
(^mJdVnwamUo : 1&3&28) (^mJdVnwamUo : 8&22&20)
H¥$îUm`wYm§{H$V§ {dà§... 156 jËÌ{dQ²>eyÐOmVr`... 108
(JéS>nwamUo : & ) ({dkmZg§{hVm`m§ : 18& )
"H¥$îUo'{V d¡îUd§ ‘Ý̧... 101 j̧ dm BÝÐmo... 28
(nÙnwamUo : & & ) (eVnW~«mô‘Uo : 3&9&1&15-16)
"H¥$îUo'{V Ûçjamo ‘ÝÌ…... 101 jÌ{dQ²>eyÐOmVrZm§... 108

351 352
(.&&) (nm{U{ZgyÌo : 5&1&124)
JwßVmo {h agmo agËd‘² AmnÚVo... 185
I (^mJdVgw~mo{YÝ`m§ : 10&18&5)
IpÊS>Vm ñ’w${Q>Vm X½Ym... 126,127,337 JwadoVw da§ XÎdm... 302
(ZmaXnÄMamÌo : & & ) (`mkdëŠ`ñ‘¥Vm¡ : 1&3&51)
IpÊS>Vo ñ’w${Q>Vo X½Yo... 126,335,336 Jwénm¡Ìofw ^«mV¥dX²... 283
(~«÷nwamUo : & & ) ( .ñ‘¥Vm¡ : & )
JwédŠÌmX² {dîUw‘ÝÌmo... 113
J (~«ô‘d¡dV©nwamUo : 1&11&41)
J§JmËdo gd©XmofmUm§... 200 Jwamo {nV[a dm AÜ`jo... 317
({gÕmÝVahñ`o : 9) (.&)
JÀN>Vm {VîR>Vm dm{n... 105 Jwam¡ dg{V `ñVw AÝ`‘²... 119
(ñH$ÝXnwamUñWMVwW©^mJmÝVJ©VH$mer‘mhmËå`o : 19&117) (damhnwamUo : 50&17)
JmUnË`ofw e¡dofw... 95 Jwam¡ gpÝZ{hVo `ñVw... 111
(Jm¡V‘rVÝÌo : 1& ) (.&)
JmYoa A^yX² ‘hmVoOm…... 25 J¥hmU ‘‘ ‘Ý̧ M "H¥$îU…'... 101
(^mJdVnwamUo : 9&16&28) (~«ô‘d¡dV©nwamUo : 4&128&38)
Jm`Z² AZwñ‘aZ² H$‘©... 339 Jmo… A`§ `… eH$Q>§ dh{V... 2
(^mJdVnwamUo : 11&11&23) (nmVÄOb‘hm^mî`o : 5&3&55)
Jm^£… hmo‘¡… OmVH$‘£…... 17 JmoIa…... 129
(‘Zwñ‘¥Vm¡ : 2&27-28) (^mJdVnwamUo : 10&84&13)
JrVVmÊS>ddm{XÌ... 125,330 Jmonê$nmo h[a… gmjmX²... 132
(^mJdVnwamUo : 11&11&36-41) (H¥$îUmon{Zf{X : 10)
JrVmgma§ àdú`m{‘... 84 JmonrMÝXZ‘¥ËñZm`m... 160
(Ap½ZnwamUo : 381&1) (ñH$ÝXnwamUd¡îUdIÊS>ñW‘mJ©erf©‘mhmËå`o : 3&53&57)
JwUdMZ~«m÷Um{Xä`… H$‘©{U M... 27 Jmoß`… H$m‘mX² ^`mV² H§$gmo... 177

353 354
(^mJdVnwamUo : 7&1&30) (d{eîR>ñ‘¥Vm¡ : 21&10)
Jmo‘VrVragå^yVm§... 147 MVwX©e§ ^{dî`§ ñ`mV²... 85
(‘XZnm[aOmVo : & ) (^mJdVnwamUo : 12&13&6-7)
J«ÝWmo AîQ>mXegmhòmo... 78 MVwb©j CXmöVm... 81
(ñH$ÝXnwamUo : & & ) (^mJdVnwamUo : 12&13&9)
MVw{d©Ym… ^OÝVo ‘m‘²... 130,191,328
K (^JdX²JrVm`m§ : 7&16)
KQ>g§d¥V‘² AmH$me§ Zr`‘mZo... 67 MËdm[a ^y^¥Vm§ àmoŠVo... 149
(~«ô‘{~ÝXyn{Zf{X : 5&13) (nÙnwamUo : 52-54)
MËdmamo dUm©… ~«m÷U... 14,24
M (AmnñVå^Y‘©gyÌo : 1&1&4)
MH«$bmÄN>ZhrZñ`... 159 MÝXZmoeraH$ny©a... 323
(ñH$ÝXnwamUñW{ÛVr`d¡îUdIÊS>ñW‘mJ©erf©‘mhmËå`o : 4&58) (^mJdVnwamUo : 11&27&30)
MH«§$ dm e§IMH«o$ dm... 162 MÝÐgy`©J«ho VrW}... 90
(nÙnwamUmoÎmaIÊSo> : 224&30-31) (éÐ`m‘bo : & )
MH«${MôZ{dhrZñVw... 162 M‘yfV² í`oZ… eHw$Zmo... 165
(nÙnwamUmoÎmaIÊSo> : 224&32-33) (F$Šg§{hVm`m§ : 9&96&19)
MH«$m§{H$VVZw… `ñVw... 161 MaU§ n{ḑ {dVV§ nwamU§... 165
(nmamea‘mYdr`o : & ) (‘hmZmam`Umon{Zf{X : 5&10)
Mjwä`mª ‘Zgm M VÐÿnm‘¥V‘²... 200-201 MaoX² ~«÷hUmo d«V§ J^©hm... 13
(~«ô‘gyÌmUw^mî`o : 4&2&1) (`mkdëŠ`ñ‘¥Vm¡ : 3&5&245)
MÊS>mbmo Om`Vo `kH$aUmV² eyÐ{^{jVm... 18 "Mm'@W} ÛÝÛ…... 294
(`mkdëŠ`ñ‘¥Vm¡ : 1&5&126) (nm{U{ZgyÌo : 2&2&29)
MÊS>mbmÝË`pñÌ`mo JËdm... 7 MmVwd©Ê`ª ‘`m g¥îQ>§... 4,341
(‘Zwñ‘¥Vm¡ : 11&175) (^JdX²JrVm`m§ : 4&13)
MVòñVw n[aË`mÁ`m…... 108 {MqV M {M{VH$mîR>§ M `yn‘²... 18,278

355 356
(~¥hÝZmaXr`nwamUo : 1&26&31) (gdm}Îm‘ñVmoÌo : 12-13)
{MÎmo ^JdËào‘ gånmXZr`‘²... 199,233 OÝ‘Zm Om`Vo eyÐ…... 35,91
(^mJdVgw~mo{YÝ`m§ : 2&6&33) (Xodbñ‘¥Vm¡ : & )
{MÌH$‘© `Wm AZoH¡$…... 24 OÝ‘mÚñ` `Vmo AÝd`mX²... 92
(nameañ‘¥Vm¡ : 8&27) (^mJdVnwamUo : 1&1&1)
{MÌ‘¥Ê‘`mXm¡ ñZmZmÚg§^do... 326 Ong² Vng² VrW©`mÌm... 343
({ZU©`{gÝYwñW{ÛVr`àH$aUmÝVJ©VXod‘y{V©ñWmnZo) (A{Ìg§{hVm`m§ : 136)
MyVàdmb... 247 O` H¥$îU O` H¥$îU... 276
(^mJdVnwamUo : 10&18&8) (ñH$ÝXnwamUmÝVJ©V{ÛVr`moËH$bIÊSo> : 33&71)
M¡Ìo ~hþ{dY§ Xw…I‘²... 107 O{h eÌw§... H$m‘ê$n§... 197
(.&) (^JdX²JrVm`m§ : 3&43)
OmVlÕmo ‘ËH$Wmgw... 192
N> (^mJdVnwamUo : 11&21&27-34)
"N>ÌmonmZh{à`…'...g‘wXm`d¥Îmm¡... 296 Om{V… AÌ ‘hmgn©... 39
(nm{U{ZgyÌdm{V©H$^mî`o : 2&1&50) (‘hm^maVo : 3&177&26)
N>m`m àË`mˆ`m^mgm…... 69 Om{V… gm‘mÝ`OÝ‘Zmo…... 1
(^mJdVnwamUo : 11&28&5) (A‘aH$moeo : 3&3&68)
Om{V…=N>ÝX{g gm‘mÝ`o ‘mbVrJmoÌOÝ‘gw... 2
O (YaUrH$moeo : 870)
OJX²YmVw… ‘hoeñ`... 146 Om{Vì`pŠV{d^mJmo A`§... 2,16
(JéS>nwamUo : 211&4-5) (^mJdVnwamUo : 6&15&8)
OJÝ‘mVm M àH¥${V…... 97 Om{VeãXoZ {h Ðì`‘{n... 29
(~«ô‘d¡dV©nwamUo : 4&52&34) (nmVÄOb‘hm^mî`o : 1&2&58)
O{Q>b§ M AZYr`mZ§... 318 OmË`wËH$fm} `wJo ko`…... 4
(‘Zwñ‘¥Vm¡ : 3&151-152) (`mkdëŠ`ñ‘¥Vm¡ : 1&5&95)
OZ{ejmH¥$Vo H¥$îU^pŠVH¥$V²... 306 OmôZdrVragå^yVm§... 147

357 358
(‘XZnm[aOmVo : & ) (^mJdVnwamUo : 2&1&39)
{Okm{gV§ gwgånÝZ‘²... 86 VVñVw ^aV… lr‘mZ²... 325
(^mJdVnwamUo : 1&4&3-4) (dmë‘r{H$am‘m`UñWm`moÜ`mH$mÊSo> : 15&26-27)
OrdZo àH$ma‘² Amh "gd©Wm... 280 VVmo A^yV² {Ìd¥X² › H$ma…... 266
(VÎdmW©Xrn{Z~ÝYàH$meo : 2&232) (^mJdVnwamUo : 12&6&39)
kmZ§ na‘Jwô`§ ‘o... 243 VVmo H$m{bnwamUm»`§... 80
(^mJdVnwamUo : 2&9&30) (gyVg§{hVm`m§ : & )
kmZÝVw JwUJmZ§ {h... 205 VVmo ^mJdV§ àmoŠV§... 80
(VÎdmW©Xrn{Z~ÝYo : 3&10&110-111) (gm¡anwamUo : & & )
kmZ‘m̧ na§ ~«÷... 217 VV² Ëd‘² A{g... 73
(^mJdVnwamUo : 3&32&26-32) (N>mÝXmo½`mon{Zf{X : 6&8&7)
kmZ‘² AkmVVÎdm`... 94 VËnyéf{Zfod`m... 272
(^mJdVnwamUo : 4&12&51) (^mJdVnwamUo : 6&1&16)
kmZmÝXmË‘H$mo {dîUw…... 335 VÌ AîQ>mXegmhò§ lr^mJdV‘² Bî`Vo... 81
(nÙnwamUmoÎmaIÊSo> : 235&27-28) (^mJdVnwamUo : 12&13&9)
kmZr {à`V‘mo AVmo ‘o... 120 VÌ {ÌdJ©H$m‘oZ {H«$`‘mU…... 280
(^mJdVnwamUo : 11&19&3) (^pŠVh§g)o
kmZrVw AmË‘¡d ‘o ‘V‘²... 93 VÌ gXmZÝXmo ^JdmZ²... 231-32
(^JdX²JrVm`m§ : 7&10) (^mJdVgw~mo{YÝ`m§ : 2&9&1)
VÌ gmYZVm gd©Wm... 237
V (VÎdmW©Xrn{Z~ÝYo : 2&55)
V§ à{gÕ§ bmoH$doX`mo…... 209 VËg{dVw… daoÊ`§ ^Jm} Xodñ`... 25
(^mJdVgw~mo{YZr{Q>ßnÊ`m§ : 10&1&9) (F$Šg§{hVm`m§ : 3&62&10)
V§ `Wm-`Wm CnmgVo... 242,248 VpËg{ÕOm{V... 240
(‘wÒbmon{Zf{X : 3) (emñÌXr{nH$m`m§ : 1&4&18&28)
V§ gË`‘² AmZÝX{ZqY ^OoV²... 106 VV² MoX² {dÎm§ doVZËdoZ XÎdm H$m`©Vo... 279,317

359 360
({gÕmÝV‘wŠVmdbràH$me{ddaUo : 2) (~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{Zf{X : 1&4&10)
VWm M `mo AO©H$… g Ed§ Hw$`m©V²... 289 VXod ~«÷ Ëd§ {d{Õ... 122
(VÎdmW©Xrn{Z~ÝYmdaU^§Jo : 2&232) (Ho$Zmon{Zf{X : 1&5-9)
VWm Vmgm‘{n àmpßV... 210 VÕ BX§ V{h© Aì`mH¥$V‘² AmgrV²... 16,197
(^mJdVgw~mo{YÝ`m§ : 10&43&5-6) (~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{Zf{X : 1&4&7)
VWm Zm{dXwfmo ^doV²... 262 VÐÿn§ VÌ M pñWV‘²... 340
(^mJdVnwamUo : 10&24&6) (VÎdmW©Xrn{Z~ÝYo : 2&228)
VWm ñdd¥Î`ÝZoZ OrdVm§... 310 V{ÛkmZmWª g Jwé‘od A{^JÀN>oV²... 88
(VÎdmW©Xrn{Z~ÝYàH$meo : 2&185) (‘wÊS>H$mon{Zf{X : 1&2&12)
VW¡d gmpåZ `Ow{f F${fàmoŠV§ ew^mZZo... 166 VX² Aí‘gma§ öX`§ ~V BX‘²... 201
(nX²‘nwamUmoÎmaIÊSo> : 224&58) (^mJdVnwamUo : 2&3&24)
VXZÝ`Ëd‘² Amaå^UeãXm{Xä`…... 122,180 VX² Efm§ àmUmZm§ {dkmZoZ... 55
(~«ô‘gyÌo : 2&1&14) (~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{Zf{X : 2&1&17)
VXZwkm `Xm bãYm... 107 VX² Efm§ agmZm‘²... 207
(.&) (^aVZmQ²>çemñÌo : 6&38-39)
VX^mdo ñd`§ dm{n... 277 VX² EojV ~hþ ñ`m§ àOm`o`... 236
(VÎdmW©Xrn{Z~ÝYo : 2&228) (N>mÝXmo½`mon{Zf{X : 6&2&3)
VX{n©VmpIbmMmaËdo g{V... 171,181 VÝÌmdbå~ZoZ¡d... 168
(ZmaX^pŠVgyÌo : 15-19) (ñH$ÝXnwamUo : & & )
VXm ^JraWmo amOm... 83 Vn… lwV§ M `mo{Z… M EVX² ~«m÷U... 29
(ñH$ÝXnwamUñWMVwW©H$merIÊS>ñWnyd©^mJo : 28&2) (nmVÄOb‘hm^mî`o : 1&2&58)
V{XÀN>m‘mÌV… Vñ‘mV²... 221 Vn…ñdmÜ`m`{ZaVmo... 237
(VËdmW©Xrn{Z~ÝYo : 1&27-33) (VÎdmW©Xrn{Z~ÝYo : 2&187-190)
V{XX§ ^maVm»`mZ§... 84 Vnpñdä`mo A{YH$mo `moJr... 93
(‘mH©$ÊSo>`nwamUo : 1&12) (^JdX²JrVm`m§ : 6&46)
V{XX‘² EVø©{n `… Ed§ doX... 248 VßV‘wÐm {h AÝË`Om`... 167

361 362
(~«÷nwamUo : & & ) (VËdmW©Xrn{Z~ÝYàH$meo : 2&216)
V‘gm J«ñ`Vo nw§g…... 63 Vñ‘mX² Jwé§ ànÚoV... 89,130
(^mJdVnwamUo : 11&21&21) (^mJdVnwamUo : 11&3&21)
V‘od {d{XËdm{V‘¥Ë`w‘o{V... 233 Vñ‘mX² Ordm… nwpîQ>‘mJ}... 254
(ídoVmídVamon{Zf{X : 3&8) (nwpîQ>àdmh‘`m©XmJ«ÝWo : 12-17)
V‘² AH«$Vw§ ní`{V drVemoH$mo... 221-22 Vñ‘mX² ^maV gdm©Ë‘m... 106,344,345
(ídoVmídVamon{Zf{X : 3&20) (^mJdVnwamUo : 2&1&5)
V‘² CËH«$m‘ÝV‘² àmUmo AZyËH«$m‘{V... 57 Vñ‘mX² ‘X²^pŠV`wŠVñ`... 131,193
(~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{Zf{X : 4&4&2) (^mJdVnwamUo : 11&20&31)
VH$m} Aà{VîR>… lwV`mo {d{^ÝZm…... 98 Vñ‘mX² `kmondrË`od... 160
(‘hm^maVo : 3&32&65) (V¡{Îmar`maÊ`Ho$ : 2&1)
V{h© H$V¥©Ëd§ VWm Hw$Vmo Zm§Jr{H«$`Vo?... 230 Vñ` {à`‘od {eamo... 185
(~«ô‘gyÌmUw^mî`o : 1&1&2) (V¡{Îmar`mon{Zf{X : 2&5)
Vd ñVÝ`§ ‘Ý`o Ya{UYaH$Ý`o... 99 Vñ` ^md… ËdVbm¡... 27
(gm¡ÝX`©bh`mª : 75) (nm{U{ZgyÌo : 5&1&119)
Vñ‘mV² MH«$m{XhoVrZm‘²... 163 Vñ` gd©JVËdmV² M... 330
(nX²‘nwamUmoÎmaIÊSo> : 224&76) (Ap½ZnwamUo : & & )
Vñ‘mV² Ëd‘² CÕdCËg¥Á`... 96,317 Vñ` godm§ àHw$duV... 307
(^mJdVnwamUo : 11&12&14-15) ({ejmnÌo : 18&12)
Vñ‘mV² emņ̃ à‘mU§ Vo... 291 Vñ`-Vñ` AMbm§ lÕm§... 236
(^JdX²JrVm`m§ : 16&24) (^JdX²JrVm`m§ : 7&21-22)
Vñ‘mV² gd©à`ËZoZ... 111,119 Vm… ‘Ý‘ZñH$m… ‘ËàmUm…... 210
(.&) (^mJdVnwamUo : 10&43&4)
Vñ‘mV² gdm©Ë‘Zm {ZË`‘²... 106 VmÑeñ`m{n gVV§... 293,298
(ZdaËZo : 9) (^pŠVd{Y©Ý`m§ : 6-8)
Vñ‘mX² EVX²Û`‘² AH¥$Ëdm... 282 VmZ² d¡ Ì`pņ̃eX² XodmZ²... 225

363 364
(AWd©g§{hVm`m§ : 10&23&4&27) (`mkdbŠ`ñ‘¥Ë`m§ : 1&2&13)
Vm‘od {dXYmå`h§... `228 Vofm§ gVV`wŠVmZm§... 222
(^JdX²JrVm`m§ : 7&20-24) (^JdX²JrVm`m§ : 10&10-11)
Vwbgr H$mîR>{Z‘m©U... 154 Vofm‘od AZwH$ånmW©‘²... 251
(~«÷d¡dV©àH¥${VIÊSo> : 21&47) (^JdX²JrVm`m§ : 10&11)
VwbgrH$mîR>K{Q>V¡…... 156 Vofm‘od EVm§ ~«÷{dÚm§ dXoV²... 139,140
(am‘mM©ZMpÝÐH$m`m§ : & ) (‘wÊS>H$mon{Zf{X : 3&2&10)
VwbgrH$mîR>Om§ ‘mbm§... 153 Vofm‘² BÀN>Vm§ àm`píMÎm§... 21
(ñH$ÝXnwamUñW{ÛVr`d¡îUdIÊSo> : 4&3) (AmnñVå^Y‘©gyÌo : 1&1&6)
VwbgrH$mîR>‘mbm{^…... 153 Ì`§ dm BX§ Zm‘ ê$n§ H$‘©... 16
(ñH$ÝXnwamUñW{ÛVr`d¡îUdIÊS>r`‘mJ©erf©‘mhmËå`o : 4&11-15) (~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{Zf{X : 1&6&1-3)
VwbgrH$mîR>‘² AmbmoŠ`... 156 Ì`mo dmd bmoH$m…... 234
(h[adëb^gwYmoX`o : & ) (~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{Zf{X : 1&5&16)
VwbgrH$mîR>gå^yV‘²... 154 Ì`mo doXñ` H$Vm©amo... 82
(ñH$ÝXnwamUñW{ÛVr`d¡îUdIÊS>ñW‘mJ©erf©‘mhmËå`o : &4&8-10) (gd©Xe©Zg§J«hñWMmdm©H$‘V{Zê$nUo)
VwbgrH$mîR>gå^yVm§ `mo... 153 {ÌnwÊS´>§ gwa{dàmUm§... 144
(ñH$ÝXnwamUñW{ÛVr`d¡îUdIÊS>ñW‘mJ©erf©‘mhmËå`o : 4&6-7) (Y‘©àd¥{ÎmñWemH$ë`dMZo : & )
VwbgrXbOm§ ‘mbm§... 153 {Ì{dH«$‘§ H$ÝYao Vw... 149
(ñH$ÝXnwamUñW{ÛVr`d¡îUdIÊS>ñW‘mJ©erf©‘mhmËå`o : 4&6) (nX²‘nwamUmoÎmaIÊSo> : 226-46&47)
Vwbgr‘{U{^íM¡d... 156 Ìr{U AmË‘Zo AHw$éVo{V... 198
(Y‘©àd¥Vm¡ : & &) (~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{Zf{X : 1&5&3)
Vwbgr‘mbm... 156 Í`m`wfm{U H$amo{V ^ñ‘Zm... 151
(nwaíMaUMpÝÐH$m`m§ : & ) (H$mË`m`ZJ¥ô`gyÌo : & &)
Vwbgrgå^dm `mVw... 156 Ëd§ Vw gdª n[aË`Á`... 114
(Jm¡V‘r`VÝÌo : 7& & ) (^mJdVnwamUo : 11&7&6)
VyîUr‘² EVm… {H«$`m ñÌrUm§... 14 Ëd§ ^md`moJn[a^m{dVöËgamoO…... 181,186,242

365 366
(^mJdVnwamUo : 3&9&11) (AmMma‘mYdr`o : & & )
Ëd§ {h Z… {nVm... 120 XemîQ>m¡ lr^mJdV‘²... 86
(àíZmon{Zf{X : 6&8) (^mJdVnwamUo : 12&13&5)
Ëd`m Cn^wŠVò½JÝY... 83,281,323 XmVm VË’$b‘² AmßZmo{V... 318
(^mJdVnwamUo : 11&6&46) (A{Ìñ‘¥Vm¡ : & )
XmZd«VVnmohmo‘... 243
X (^mJdVnwamUo : 10&44&24)
X{jUmWª `mo {dàmo... 34 XmZo {h Z ñd{d{Z`moJ…... 312
(nameañ‘¥Vm¡ : 12&35) (ZdaËZàH$meo : 1)
XÊS>mH$ma§ bbmQ>o ñ`mV²... 150 XwadJ‘mË‘VÎd{ZJ‘m` Vd... 243
(VÎdmW©Xrn{Z~ÝYàH$meo : 2&244) (^mJdVnwamUo : 10&84&21)
XÎdm Amkm§ M H¥$nmdbmoH$ZnQw>…... 99 Xwad~moYBd Vd A`§... 197
(^mJdVgw~mo{YÝ`m§ : 1&1&1&5) (^mJdVnwamUo : 6&9&34-33)
XXm{V gy`©^ŠVm`... 80 Xwb©^ËdÄM EVñ` agñ` km{nV‘²... 202
(gm¡anwamUo : & & ) (^mJdVgw~mo{YÝ`m§ : 10&18&5)
XÜ`L²> AmWd©Umo Apídä`m‘² CdmM... 107 Xwb©^o gX²Jwê$UmÝVw... 106
(~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{Zf{X : 2&5&19) (VËdgmJao : & )
X`m§ Hw$é ànÝZm` Vd Apñ‘... 101 Xod{f©-^yVmßVZ¥Um§ {nV¦Um§... 82
(JéS>nwamUo : 220&11) (^mJdVnwamUo : 11&5&41)
Xn©ñVw ^JdXr`V`m ñdënmo ‘¥½`Ed... 311 XodbmoH$mX²... ~«÷bmoH$mZ²... 235
(^mJdVgw~mo{YÝ`m§ : 10&60&29) (~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{Zf{X : 6&2&15)
Xe Añ`m§ nwÌmZ² AmYo{h... 26 XodmZm§ ewÕgÎdmZm‘²... 254
(F$Šg§{hVm`m§ : 10&85&45) (^mJdVnwamUo : 6&14&2-5)
XenÄMm§Jwbm ‘w»`m... 126,337 XodmM©Znamo `ñVw... 278
(ZmaXnÄMamÌo : & ) (Ðì`ewÕm¡ ñZmZ`mo½`{Z{‘Îm{dMmao)
Xem§Jwbà‘mUÝVw... 148 Xodr øofm JwU‘`r... 84

367 368
(Ap½ZnwamUo : 381&12) (nX²‘nwamUmoÎmaIÊSo> : 226&55)
Xodo Xo`m{Z XmZm{Z... 291 Ûm gwnUm©... 71
(~«÷d¡dV©nwamUo lrH¥$îUOÝ‘IÊSo> : 122&20) (‘wÊS>H$mon{Zf{X : 3&1&1)
Xodmo Agwamo ‘Zwî`mo dm... 92,255,280,289 Ûmnao g‘ZwàmßVo... 86
(^mJdVnwamUo : 7&7&50) (^mJdVnwamUo : 1&4&14)
Xodmo ‘w{Z… {ÛOmo amOm... 37 {Û{dY§ d¡îUd§ àmoŠV§... 163
(A{Ìg§{hVm`m§ : 367-478) (nX²‘nwamUmoÎmaIÊSo> : 224&77)
Xoì`¡ M ^JdmZ² ^d... 114 {ÛfÝV… nmnH¥$Ë`m‘²... 137
(^mJdVnwamUo : 11&27&3) (~«ô‘gyÌem§H$a^mî`o : 4&1&17)
XoeV… H$mbVmo `mo Agm¡... 223 {ÛfÝV… naH$m`ofw... 332
(^mJdVnwamUo : 3&7&5) (^mJdVnwamUo : 11&5&12)
XoemZ² nwÊ`mZ² Aml`oV... 339 Û¡nm`ZgwVmo... {dXwa…... 4
(^mJdVnwamUo : 11&29&10) (^mJdVnwamUo : 3&7&1)
Xoh§ g§Ý`mg{`î`m{‘... 31
(‘hm^maVo : 12&9&27) Y
Xo{h ‘o H¥$îU‘Ý̧ M... 112 Y‘©… àmo{O²PVH¡$Vdmo AÌ na‘mo... 347
(~«÷d¡dV©nwamUo : 1&24&40) (^mJdVnwamUo : 1&1&2)
X¡dr gånX² {d‘mojm`... 252 Y‘m©W©H$m‘‘mojmUm‘²... 108
(^JdX²JrVm`m§ : 16&3-5) (Jm¡V‘r`VÝÌo : 19&5)
X¡ì`mo d¡ dUm} ~«m÷Umo... 162,275 Yma`pÝV Z `o ‘mbm§... 156
(V¡{Îmar`~«mô‘Uo : 1&2&7) (ñH$ÝXnwamUñW{ÛVr`d¡îUdIÊS§> : 4&15)
ÚyV§ N>b`Vm‘² Apñ‘... 223 {YîÊ`ofw EVofw ‘Ðÿn‘²... 331,334
(^JdX²JrVm`m§ : 10&36) (^mJdVnwamUo : 11&11&47)
Ðì`dËH¥$Vem¡MmZm§... 337 Y¥VmoÜd©nwÊS´>… H¥$VMH«$Ymar... 166
(.&) (.&&)
Û`mo… Jmo{dÝXH¥$îUm¡Vw... 149 Ü`m`Vmo {df`mZ² nw§g…... 197

369 370
(^JdX²JrVm`m§ : 2&62) (F$Šg§{hVm`m§ : 10&82&7)
Ü`o`… gXm g{dV¥‘ÊS>b‘Ü`... 334 Z VËg‘íM Aä`{YH$íM Ñí`Vo... 124,329-30
(Am{XË`öX`o : 55) (ídoVmídVamon{Zf{X : 6&8)
Z VWm ‘o {à`V‘…... 114
Z (^mJdVnwamUo : 11&14&15)
Z AUw… AVÀN®>Vo… Z BVam{YH$mamX²... 57 Z VWm øKdmZ² amOZ²... 271
(~«ô‘gyÌo : 2&3&21) (^mJdVnwamUo : 6&1&16)
Z A`‘² AmË‘m àdMZoZ bä`mo... 284 Z Vñ` B©eo H$íMZ... 124
(H$R>mon{Zf{X : 1&2&23) (‘hmZmam`Umon{Zf{X : 1&10)
Z Ah‘² AmË‘mZ‘² Amemgo... 93 Z Vñ` à{V‘m ApñV... 120,124,329
(^mJdVnwamUo : 9&4&64) (ídoVmídVamon{Zf{X : 4&9)
Z H$Xm{MZ² ‘¥Xm {V`©H²$... 151 Z {VîR>{V `… nydmª... 18
(.&) (‘Zwñ‘¥Vm¡ : 2&103)
Z H$bÄO§ ^j`oX²... 160 Z Vm¡ nem¡ H$amo{V... 158
(.&) (eVnW~«m÷Uo : 1&5&3&25)
Z H$m‘H$‘©~rOmZm§... 83,146 Z XÚmX² Am{‘f§ lmÕo... 83
(^mJdVnwamUo : 11&2&50) (^mJdVnwamUo : 7&15&7)
ZM `mJmo `O‘mZñ`od... 291 Z Ðì`mUm‘² A{dkm`... 305
({gÕmÝV‘wŠVmdbràH$meo : 2) (‘Zwñ‘¥Vm¡ : 4&187,84. `mkdëŠ`ñ‘¥Vm¡ : 1&9&112)
ZM doXmX² F$Vo {H$pÄMV²... 89 Z {ZamoYmo Z MmoËn{Îm…... 71
(Hy$‘©nwamUnyd©{d^mJo : 12&260-263) (~«ô‘{~ÝXyn{Zf{X : 10)
Z M¡d§ {dñ‘`… H$m`©…... 284 ZZw "A{MamX² ‘m‘² Admßñ`W' BË`ZoZ... 211
(^mJdVnwamUo : 10&26&16) (^mJdVgw~mo{YZr{Q>ßnÊ`m§ : 10&44&38)
Z OømV² Vwbgr‘mbm§... 154 ZZw d¥Õ²`m{Xg§km… g‘wXm`o ñ`w…... 295
(nX²‘nwamUñW~«÷IÊSo> : 22&15) (n[a^mfoÝXweoIao : 3&116-117. :nmVÄOb‘hm^mî`o : 2&1&1)
Z V§ {dXmW ` B‘m OOmZ... 270 Z nmXwH$mñWmo Z AmXe}... 150

371 372
(Y‘©àd¥ËVm¡ : & & ) (Hy$‘©nwamUñWnyd©{d^mJo : 18&93-94)
Z ~«÷UmX² ‘o X{`V§... 119,275 Z doX~møo nwéfo... 90
(^mJdVnwamUo : 10&86&54) (Hy$‘©nwamUñWnyd©{d^mJo : 15&109-113)
Z ‘{` Amdo{eV{Y`m§... 191 Z lmdUr`§ nmR>Zr`§ dm... 288
(^mJdVnwamUo : 10&17&26) (eyÐmXo… lr^mJdVnmR>e§H$m{ZamgdmXo)
Z‘ñH¥$Ë` {edm§ Xodt... 78 ZîQ>§ XodbHo$ XÎm‘²... 18,292
(Xodr^mJdVnwamUo : 1&1&1) (‘Zwñ‘¥Vm¡ : 3&151-180)
Z‘oX² `… eyÐg§ñn¥îQ>§... 127 ZîQ>mo ‘moh…... 101
(ZmaXr`nwamUo : & & ) (^JdX²JrVm`m§ : 18&73)
Z `kmWª YZ§ eyÐmX²... 292 Z qhñ`mV² gdm© ^yVm{Z... 102
(‘Zwñ‘¥Vm¡ : 11&24-26) (N>mÝXmo½`mon{Zf{X : 8&15&1)
Z `X² BX‘² AJ«o Amg... 17 Z{h Aå‘`m{Z VrWm©{Z... 119
(^mJdVnwamUo : 10&84&37) (^mJdVnwamUo : 10&48&31.84&11)
Z amkmo {dßbdo AíZr`mV²... 337 Z{h CÎm‘nXmW©… ñdmon^mo½`…... 211
({dîUwY‘m}ÎmanwamUo : & & ) (^mJdVgw~mo{YÝ`m§ : 10&44&32)
ZamUm§ ñdën{dÎmmZm§... 90 Z{h VZw{dÎmo MoVñVËàdUVmgmYZo... 295
({dkmZg§{hVm`m§ : 16& ) ({d‘e} : n¥.99)
Z amoY`{V ‘m§ `moJ…... 115 Z{h `Xod Ë`Á`Vo Vñ`¡d Ho$db§... 10
(^mJdVnwamUo : 11&12&1) (VÝÌdm{V©Ho$ : 1&4&22)
Zdm Aao nË`w… H$m‘m` n{V…... 228 Zm§H$Zm` XhoX² Xoh§... 168
(~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{Zf{X : 2&4&5) (hm[aVñ‘¥Vm¡ : & & )
Zdm Aao gd©ñ` H$m‘m`... 182,185,196,241 ZmJÝYm§ òO§ Yma`oX²... 155
(~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{Zf{X : 2&4&5) (.&&)
Zdm BÀN>m{deofmo a{V…... 188 ZmZm^mdm{^Z`ì`pÄOVmZ²... 207
(^mJdVgw~mo{YÝ`m§ : 1&19&16) (^aVZmQ²>çemñÌo : 6&31)
Z {dîÊdmamYZmV² nwÊ`§... 159 ZmZmaË`m{Xg§J‘mX² ~hþYm... 200

373 374
(g§JrVaËZmH$ao : 7&1354-1356) (^JdX²JrVm`m§ : 2&24)
ZmÝVmo ApñV ‘‘ {Xì`mZm‘²... 126 {ZÐmg‘`‘² AmgmÚ... 151
(^JdX²JrVm`m§ : 10&40) (.&&)
Zm‘{^a Xm‘{^… gdª... 261 {Z‘©ÝÏ`m{Xfw M Ed‘²... 141
(EoVao`mon{Zf{X : 2&1&6) (O¡{‘{ZgyÌo : 7&3&7&18)
ZmåZm§ ‘w»`Va§ Zm‘... 98 {Z`m©gñ` Zmí`§ ~«÷... 161
(àm`píMÎm‘`yIo gmYmaUàm`píMÎm{Zê$nUo) (V¡{Îmar`g§{hVm`m§ : 2&5&1&4)
Zm`‘² AmË‘m àdMZoZ bä`mo... 179 {Z{d©ÊUmZm§ kmZ`moJ…... 93,193
(‘wÊS>H$mon{Zf{X : 3&2&3) (^mJdVnwamUo : 11&20&7)
ZmíZV…... 271 {Zd}Xñ`...àW‘§ AZwnmXo`Ëdo{n... 178
(^mJdVnwamUo : 6&1&12) (H$mì`àH$meo : 4&47)
ZmgVmo {dÚVo ^mdmo... 244 {ZdoXZÝVw ñ‘V©ì`‘²... 106
(^JdX²JrVm`m§ : 2&16) (ZdaËZo : 2)
ZmpñV Vw nÄM‘…... 8 {ZdoÚ Ho$edo ‘mbm‘²... 154
(‘Zwñ‘¥Vm¡ : 10&4) ({ZU©`{gÝYm¡ : & )
ZmpñV ñÌrUm§ {H«$`m‘ÝÌ¡…... 24 {ZfoH$mXr{Z H$‘m©{U... 301
(‘Zwñ‘¥Vm¡ : 9&18) (‘Zwñ‘¥Vm¡ : 2&142)
Zmh§ doX¡… Z Vngm... 180 {ZfoH$mX² AmOmVH$mV² g§ñH¥$Vm`m§... 42
(^JdX²JrVm`m§ : 11&53-54) (d¡ImZgJ¥h²`gyÌo : 1&1)
{ZpIb^yVJwhme`ñW... 171 {Zfo{dVm A{Z{‘ÎmoZ... 130,332
(^mJdVnwamUo : 3&29&11-12) (^mJdVnwamUo : 3&29&15)
{ZJ‘H$ënVamo… J{bV§ ’$b§... 209 {ZîH$b§ {ZpîH«$`‘²... 74
(^mJdVnwamUo : 1&1&3) (ídoVmídVamon{Zf{X : 6&19)
{ZË`§ gpÝV... 128 ZrMgodZ‘² dO©`oV² Vm§ gXm... 312
(ñ‘¥{Vgmag‘wÀM`o : & ) (^mJdVnwamUo : 7&12&16-20)
{ZË`… gd©JV… ñWmUw…... 57 Z¥Ho$g[a{dJ«h§... 132

375 376
(Z¥qghnyd©VmnZr`mon{Zf{X : 1&6) (~«ô‘d¡dV©nwamUo : 1&24&40)
Z¥Ë`Vmo Jm`V… ní`Z²... 234 nXnX¡H$Xoem{Xàjon… D$h…... 96
(^mJdVnwamUo : 11&22&52-55) (O¡{‘{ZÝ`m`‘mbm`m§ : 2&1&9)
Zoh ZmZmpñV {H$ÄMZ... 236 na‘h§gY‘m} ^mJdVo nwamUo... 82
(~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{Zf{X : 4&4&19) (MVwX©e‘V{ddoHo$)
Z¡VV² Ëd`m Xmpå^H$m`... 346 na‘oída{df`H$mË`W©{à`mZw^y{Vê$nËd‘²... 171
(^mJdVnwamUo : 11&29&30-31) (JrVmam‘mZwO^mî`o : 18&54)
Z¡d AmË‘Z… à^w… A`§... 72,83 nam Añ` epŠV…... 265
(^mJdVnwamUo : 7&9&11) (ídoVmídVamon{Zf{X : 6&8)
Z¡d AmË‘m M `Wm ^dmZ²... 93 n[a{ZpîR>Vmo@{n Z¡Jw©Ê`o... 254
(^mJdVnwamUo : 11&14&15) (^mJdVnwamUo : 2&1&9)
Z¡d Cn`pÝV An{MqV... 120 nd©VmJ«o ZXrVrao... 147
(^mJdVnwamUo : 11&29&6) (~«÷mÊS>nwamUo : & & )
Z¡f OmVo… àH$f©…. H$ñ` V{h©?... 2 n{ḑ MaU§ Zo{‘…... 165
(nmVÄOb‘hm^mî`o : 5&3&55) (nX²‘nwamUmoÎmaIÊSo> : 224&63-64)
Z¡f Xmof… gd} EVo eãXm…... 2 n{ḑ Vo {dVV§ ~«÷UñnVo... 164
(nmVÄOb‘hm^mî`o : 5&1&115) (F$Šg§{hVm`m§ : 9&83&1-V¡{Îmar`maÊ`Ho$ : 1&2&1)
Z¡fm§ d`§ ZM d`§ à^dm‘ XÊSo>... 270 ní` ‘o nmW© ê$nm{U 180
(^mJdVnwamUo : 6&3&27) (^JdX²JrVm`m§ : 11&5-8)
nmXmo Añ` {dídm ^yVm{Z... 74
n (nwéfgyŠVo : 3)
nR>Z² AZíZZ² à`V…... 345 nmn§ Zme`Vo H¥$ËñZ‘{n... 136
(^mJdVnwamUo : 12&12&58-59) (~¥hÁOm~mbmon{Zf{X : 4&32)
nR>oÀM {Z`‘§ H¥$Ëdm... 346 nmfÊS>‘VñdrH$ma‘² AH¥$Ëdm... 282
(VÎdmW©Xrn{Z~ÝYo : 2&232) (VÎdmW©Xrn{Z~ÝYàH$meo : 2&215)
nË`w… ‘Ý̧ {nVw… ‘Ý̧... 112 nw§ñËdm{XdV² Vñ` gVmo A{^ì`pŠV... 58

377 378
(~«ô‘gyÌo : 2&3&31) (.&&)
nwZíM H$W{`î`m{‘... 100,114,130 àH$meml`... 63
(^mJdVnwamUo : 11&19&19) (~«ô‘gyÌo : 3&2&18)
nwZíM ^y`mX² ^Jd{V AZÝVo... 194,224,243 àOmn{V… AH$m‘`V "àOm`o`o'{V... 10
(^mJdVnwamUo : 1&19&16) (V¡{Îmar`g§{hVm`m§ : 7&1&1)
nwamUg§»`mgå^y{V‘²... 81,86 àOmn{V… àOm… Ag¥OV... 14,16
(^mJdVnwamUo : 12&13&3) (V¡{Îmar`~«m÷Uo : 2&2&7&1)
nwéfEd BX§ gdª `X² ^yV§... 16 àOmn{V‘od XodVm§ `OÝVo... 249
(F$Šg§{hVm`m§ : 10&90&2-12) (eVnW~«mô‘Uo : 12&1&3&21)
nwîQ>çm {d{‘lm… gd©km... 287 àk`m eara§ g‘méø... 55,63
(nwpîQ>àdmh‘`m©XmJ«ÝWo : 15-16) (H$m¡{fVŠ`wn{Zf{X : 3&6)
nyOZ§ à{V‘m`m§ Vw... 128,329 à{VJ«h§ ‘Ý`‘mZ…... 280,289,309
(H$mb{ZU©`Xr{nH$m`m§ : & ) (^mJdVnwamUo : 11&17&41)
nyOmH$mbo Ono hmo‘o... 144 à{VnÚ Jwé§ `ñVw... 112
(~«÷mÊS>nwamUo : & & ) (.&)
nyU©ñ` nyU©‘² AmXm`... 33 àË`Jm{efmo ‘ÝÌmZ²... 105
(~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{ZfÝ‘§JbmMaUo : 3&9&1) (AmnñVå^lm¡VgyÌo : 1&4&3)
n¥WŠgÌoU dm ‘ô`§... 128 àË`wÒ‘àl`Um{^dmXZ‘² ... 275
(^mJdVnwamUo : 11&29&11) (^mJdVnwamUo : 4&3&22)
n¥îR>o Vw nX²‘Zm^§ M... 149 àW‘m{d^ŠË`ÝV"KQ>m'{XnX²... 298
(nX²‘nwamUmoÎmaIÊSo> : 226&47&1-2) (ì`wËn{ÎmdmXr`H$maH$àH$aUo àW‘m{ddoMZo)
nm¡éfoU M gyŠVoZ... 128 àXoem{X{V MoX² Z AÝV^m©dmX²... 72
(ñ‘¥{Vgmag‘wÀM`o : & ) (~«ô‘gyÌo : 2&3&53)
nm¡îUgm{dÌgm¡å`m… M... 25 à^wËdoZ hao… ñ’y$Vm£... 164
(em¡ZH$s`~¥hÔodVm`m§ : 4&125) (VÎdmW©Xrn{Z~ÝYo : 2&102&1)
à VX² {dîUmo AãOMH«o$ gwV 166 à‘o`§ {Û{dY§ à‘mUmZwamo{Y... 237

379 380
(VÎdmW©Xrn{Z~ÝYàH$meo : 2&2-5) (^mJdVnwamUo : 12&13&13)
à‘o`oU {ZamoYmo AÌ... 213
(^mJdVgw~mo{YÝ`m§ : 10&40&17) ’$
àmL²> AmgrZ… ñdmÜ`m`‘²... 345 ’$b{XËgmXo… VWmËdm^mdmX²... 252
(V¡{Îmar`maÊ`Ho$ : 2&11) (^pŠVh§g)o
àmOmnË`m… Xodm… M Agwam…... 252 ’$b‘² AV… CnnÎmo…... 268
(~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{Zf{X : 1&3&1) (~«÷gyÌo : 3&2&38)
àmUmo Ah§(?Apñ‘) àkmZmË‘m... 63
(H$m¡{fVŠ`wn{Zf{X : 3&2) ~
àmV‘©Ü`mpÝXZo gm`§... 128,159,328 "~Õmo-‘wŠV…' B{V ì`m»`m... 221
(H$mb{ZU©`Xr{nH$m`m§ : & ) (^mJdVnwamUo : 11&11&1-4)
àmYmÝ`V… Hw$éloîR>... 126 ~hdmo AWm©… {d^mì`ÝVo... 185-6
(^JdX²JrVm`m§ : 10&19) (^aVZmQ²>çemñÌo : 7&4-9)
àm`píMÎmm{Z Aeofm{U... 105 ~hþ ñ`m§ àOm`o` B{V... 74,235
(JéS>nwamUo : 230&4) (V¡{Îmar`mon{Zf{X : 2&6)
àm`píMÎmm{Z MrUm©{Z... 271 ~hÿ{Z dmŠ`m{Z... 38
(^mJdVnwamUo : 6&1&18) (^mJdVgw~mo{YÝ`m§ : 2&1&37)
àmW©`o a{gH$m ñd¡a§... 205 ~hÿ{Z gpÝV Zm‘m{Z... 98,263
(ào‘m‘¥V{ddaUo : 35&3) (^mJdVnwamUo : 10&8&15)
àr{V^ŠË`mX`mo ^mdm…... 175 ~mb… g‘mZOÝ‘m dm... 278
(Xeê$nHo$ : 83) (‘Zwñ‘¥Vm¡ : 2&208)
àr{VñVw ^JdX²Y‘m} ^JdmZ²... 188,232 ~mbmJ«eV^mJñ`... 57
(^mJdVgw~mo{YÝ`m§ : 2&2&7) (ídoVmídVamon{Zf{X : 5&9)
ào‘m Zm {à`Vm hmXª... 242 ~møm^mdoVw AmÝVañ` ì`W©Vm... 204
(A‘aH$moeo : 1&10&415) (^mJdVgw~mo{YÝ`m§ : 1&6&0&2)
àmoîR>nÚm§ nm¡U©‘mñ`m§... 81 ~mømä`ÝVa^oXoZ... 205

381 382
(^mJdVgw~mo{YÝ`m§ : 10&26&0&5)
~w{Õ… ‘Zrfm {YfUm Yr… àkm...
(A‘aH$moeo : 1&5&1)
~¥hXwa…{l`mo drú` Ym‘ Vo...
(^mJdVnwamUo : 10&28&17)
~¡{OH§$ Jm{^©H§$ M EZmo...
(‘Zwñ‘¥Vm¡ : 2&27)
~«÷ Xmem… ~«÷ Xmgm…...
(AWd©n¡nbmXg§{hVm`m§ : 8&9&10)
~«÷ XodmZ² AOZ`V²....
(V¡{Îmar`~«m÷Uo : 2&8&8&9)
~«÷ dm BX‘² AJ« AmgrX²...
(~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{Zf{X : 1&4&11)
~«÷ doX² ~«÷¡d ^d{V...
(‘wÊS>H$mon{Zf{X : 2&2&9)
~«÷ d¡ ~¥hñn{V…...
(eVnW~«mô‘Uo : 3&9&1&14)
~«÷ hË`m... nmVH$m{Z...
(‘Zwñ‘¥Vm¡ : 11&45)
~«÷j{Ì`{dQ²>eyÐm…...
(`mkdëŠ`ñ‘¥Vm¡ : 1&2&10)
~«÷Uo ~«m÷U‘² Amb^Vo...
(V¡{Îmar`~«mô‘Uo : 3&4&1&1)
~«÷ê$n§ OJX² kmVì`§...
(^mJdVgw~mo{YÝ`m§ : 2&9&35)
~«÷m XodmZm§ àW‘… gå~^yd...
(‘wÊS>H$mon{Zf{X : 1&1&1)
55 ~«÷mZÝXo à{dîQ>mZm‘²... 200
(VÎdmW©Xrn{Z~ÝYo : 1&50-51)
203 ~«÷moÁPVm doX{ZÝXm... 7
(‘Zwñ‘¥Vm¡ : 11&56)
14,22 ~«m÷§ Xeghòm{U... 81
(^mJdVnwamUo : 12&13&4)
117 ~«m÷U… H$mo ^doV²? amOZ²... 39
(‘hm^maVo : 3&477&15)
14 ~«m÷U… j{Ì`mo d¡í`…... 3,24
(‘Zwñ‘¥Vm¡ : 10&4)
36 ~«m÷U… ~«÷dM©ñdr... 346
(^mJdVnwamUo : 4&23&32)
74 ~«m÷U… ñdoZ XohoZ... 35
(d¥ÕJm¡V‘ñ‘¥Vm¡ : 19&33-41)
28 ~«m÷Uj{Ì`{dem§... 4,6
(^JdX²JrVm`m§ : 18&41-44)
24 ~«m÷Um… j{Ì`m… d¡í`m…... 37
(e§Ig§{hVm`m§ : 1&6-7)
23 ~«m÷UmZ² j{Ì`mZ² d¡í`mZ²... 90
({dîUw`m‘bo : & )
36 ~«m÷UmZ² ^moO{`Ëdm Vw... 281
(ñH$ÝXnwamUñW^mJdV‘mhmËå`o : 4&45-46)
181 ~«m÷Ê`§ H$m{MX² XodVm... 34,41
(^mJdVgw~mo{YÝ`m§ : 2&1&37)
140 ~«m÷Ê`§ Z Om{V…... 342

383 384
(^mJdVgw~mo{YÝ`m§ : 2&1&38) (^mJdVnwamUo : 7&9&9)
~«m÷Ê`§ g‘ZwàmßV§... 26 ^ŠË`m ‘m‘² A{^OmZm{V... 92,93,195,263
(~«÷mÊS>nwamUo : 2&3&66&77) (^JdX²JrVm`m§ : 18&55)
~«m÷Ê`m§ ~«m÷UmX² OmV…... 36 ^ŠË`m gÄOmV`m ^ŠË`m... 172
(Xodbñ‘¥Vm¡ : & ) (^mJdVnwamUo : 11&3&31)
^ŠË`¡d VwpîQ>‘² Aä`o{V 339
^ (.&&)
^pŠV… Añ` ^OZ§ VX² Bh A‘wÌ... 183,243 ^Jd{V CÎm‘íbmoHo$ ^dVr{^… 250
(Jmonmbnyd©VmnZr`mon{Zf{X : 1&3) (^mJdVnwamUo : 10&44&25)
^pŠV… Ëd{` Cn`wÁ`oV... 125,330 ^JdËnaöfrH¡$… {Zénm{YH$... 171
(^mJdVnwamUo : 11&11&26) (ZmaXnÄMamÌo : & )
^pŠV‘mJª àH$Q>rHw$d©Z² gm‘mÝ`Vmo... 203 ^JdËgodm`m‘{n pŠbï>§ Z g‘n©`oV²... 300,310
(^mJdVgw~mo{YÝ`m§ : 10&24&10-11) (VÎdmW©Xrn{Z~ÝYàH$meo : 2&236)
^pŠV‘mJu`^OZàH$maofw... 334 ^JdXW} ^JdmZ² Z goì`VB{V... 313
(^pŠVh§g)o (VÎdmW©Xrn{Z~ÝYàH$meo : 1&17)
^pŠV`moJ… nwa¡d CŠV…... 115 ^JdX²^OZnaofw AWm©Ï`m©V©... 171
(^mJdVnwamUo : 11&11&19) (JrVmem§H$a^mî`o : 18&54)
^pŠV`moJmo ~hþ{dYmo... 129,331 ^JdX²^mdñ` agmË‘H$ËdoZ... 185,307
(^mJdVnwamUo : 3&29&7) (~«ô‘gyÌmUw^mî`o : 3&4&49)
^pŠVñVw {d{hVm A{d{hVm... 204 ^JdX²d§eOmVm… `o Vo d¡... 311
(~«ô‘gyÌmUw^mî`o : 3&3&39) (ZmaXg§{hVm`m§ : 11&24-30)
^ŠVo… M ewÕVm{gÕ²`¡ ànÄMmX²... 181 ^JdZ² ^maVm»`mZ§... 84
(VÎdmW©Xrn{Z~ÝYo : 3&10&17-18) (‘mH©$ÊSo>`nwamUo : 1&2)
^ŠË`m Ah‘² EH$`m J«mø…... 249 ^JdmZ² ~«÷ H$mËñ³`}Z... 94
(^mJdVnwamUo : 11&14&21) (^mJdVnwamUo : 2&2&24)
^ŠË`m VwVmof ^JdmZ² 339 ^JdmZ² ^OVm§ ‘wHw$ÝXmo 252,255

385 386
(^mJdVnwamUo : 5&6&18) (.&&)
"^O' BË`of YmVw… d¡... 100
(qbJnwamUo : 2&9&20,JéS>nwamUo : 219&3) ‘
^OZo à‘mUm^md‘² Amh... 333 ‘ËH$‘©H¥$X² ‘Ëna‘mo... 181
(^mJdVgw~mo{YÝ`m§ : 3&29&22) (^JdX²JrVm`m§ : 11&55)
^Vw©… earaewlyfm... 7 ‘pËà`mWª ew^mWª M... 151
(‘Zwñ‘¥Vm¡ : 9&86-87) (ñH$ÝXnwamUñW{ÛVr`d¡îUdIÊSo> : 3&15)
^dÝVm¡ AZwJ¥†rVm§... 252 ‘Ëgod`m àVrV§ M... 252
(.&&) (^mJdVnwamUo : 9&4&67)
^ñ‘Ý`od Owhmo{V g... 324 ‘Ëgodm`mÝVw {ZJw©U…... 131,333
(^mJdVnwamUo : 3&29&22) (^mJdVnwamUo : 11&25&27)
^ñ‘moÕÿ{bVXohñVw... 78 ‘XMmª gåà{VîR>mß`... 125
(JéS>nwamUo : 2&12) (^mJdVnwamUo : 11&27&13)
^mJdVkmZ‘{n Ì¡d{U©H$mZm‘od... 346 ‘{ÕîÊ`Xe©Zñne©... 130,332
(VÎdmW©Xrn{Z~ÝYàH$meo : 3&24&178) (^mJdVnwamUo : 3&29&16)
^maVì`nXoeoZ... 344 ‘Ú§ nrËdm JwéXmamZ² M JËdm... 137
(^mJdVnwamUo : 1&4&28) (emVmVnñ‘¥Vm¡ : & )
^mdZmO§ ’$b§ `V² ñ`mV²... 248 ‘X²JwUlw{V‘mÌoU... 130,309,332
(~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{ZfÀN>m§H$a^mî`dm{V©Ho$ : 7&7&7) (^mJdVnwamUo : 3&29&11-14)
^y… A½Z`o n¥{Wì`¡ ñdmhm... 28 ‘X²^ŠVnyOm Aä`{YH$m... 133
(‘hmZmam`Umon{Zf{X : 6&1) (^mJdVnwamUo : 11&19&21)
^yV§ h ^ì`o Am{hV§... 244 ‘Z… ñ‘aoV AgwnVo… JwUmZ² Vo... 182
(AWd©g§{hVm`m§ : 17&1&19) (^mJdVnwamUo : 6&11&24-25)
"^y{V…ñ‘' B{V ^ñ‘ J¥hrËdm... 143 ‘Zgm nmÌ‘² C{Ôí`... 318
(d¡ImZgJ¥h²`gyÌo : & & ) (Ap½ZnwamUo : 209&56)
^y‘m¡ Ap½Z… MoVì`mo... 158 ‘Zgm dMgm Ñï²>çm... 217

387 388
(^mJdVnwamUo : 11&13&24) (^JdX²JrVm`m§ : 9&2-8)
‘Zgm gh ~w{Õ… Z {dMoï>{V... 247 ‘{` {Z~©ÕöX`m… gmYd…... 181
(H$R>mon{Zf{X : 2&3&10) (^mJdVnwamUo : 9&4&66-67)
‘Zg¡d BX‘² AmßVì`‘² 248 ‘ëbmZm‘² Ae{Z… Z¥Um§... 243
(H$R>mon{Zf{X : 2&1&11) (^mJdVnwamUo : 10&40&17)
‘Zmo ~w{Õaod M A§hH$ma…... 196 ‘pëb§J-‘X²^ŠVOZ 125,330
(^JdX²JrVm`m§ : 7&4) (^mJdVnwamUo : 11&11&34)
‘Zmo{h {Û{dY§ àmoŠV‘²... 71 ‘hmnmV{H$Z§ ed§ ñn¥ï²>dm... 278
(~«ô‘{~ÝXyn{Zf{X : 1) (Ðì`ewÕm¡ ñZmZ`mo½`{Z{‘Îm{dMmao)
‘ÝÌ‘mJm©ZwgmaoU... 90 ‘hmnwéf‘² Aä`M}X²... 125
(.&&) (^mJdVnwamUo : 11&3&48)
‘ÝÌoU¡d A{^‘ÝÍ` AW... 146 ‘hmnwéfñVmo̧ M... 109
(ñH$ÝXnwamUñW{ÛVr`d¡îUdIÊS>ñW‘mJ©erf©‘mhmËå`o : 3&19-20) (~«ô‘d¡dV©nwamUo : 1&19&3-4)
‘ÝÌmonXoe‘mÌoU... 94,106,107 ‘hoída… Vd Jwé…... 112
(~«ô‘d¡dV©nwamUo : 1&57-60) (~«ô‘d¡dV©nwamUo : 1&24&40)
‘ÝZm‘{dH«$`r {dàmo... 281 ‘m§ M `mo Aì`{^MmaoU... 227
(~«ô‘d¡dV©nwamUo : 85&196-197) (^JdX²JrVm`m§ : 14&26-27)
‘pÝZHo$V‘²... 333 ‘m§ {dYÎmo A{^YÎmo ‘m§... 217,229
(^mJdVnwamUo : 11&25&25) (^mJdVnwamUo : 11&21&43)
‘Ý‘Zm ^d ‘X²^ŠVmo... 172 ‘m§ {h nmW© ì`nm{lË`... 96,109
(^JdX²JrVm`m§ : 9&34) (^JdX²JrVm`m§ : 9&32)
"‘‘ EVo' ‘Zgm `X²-`X²... 198 ‘mVw… `X² AJ«o Om`ÝVo... 23,30,37
(^mJdVnwamUo : 4&29&62-69) (`mkdëŠ`ñ‘¥Vm¡ : 1&2&39)
‘‘¡d A§emo OrdbmoHo$... 65,74 ‘m‘od Z¡anoú`oU ^pŠV`moJoZ... 333
(^JdX²JrVm`m§ : 15&7) (^mJdVnwamUo : 11&27&53)
‘{` Amdoí` ‘Zmo `o ‘m§... 236 ‘m‘od E{V Z g§e`…... 156

389 390
(ñH$ÝXnwamUñW{ÛVr`d¡îUdIÊSo> : 4&2-3) (VÎdmW©Xrn{Z~ÝYmdaU^§Jo : 2&227)
‘m‘² AmË‘naXohofw 276 ‘¥{ÎmH$m§ MÝXZ§ M¡d... 144
(^JdX²JrVm`m§ : 16&18) (~«÷mÊS>nwamUo : 5&50)
‘m‘² EH§$ eaU§ d«O... 96 ‘¥Ë`mo… g ‘¥Ë`w‘² AmßZmo{V... 325
(^JdX²JrVm`m§ : 18&66) (H$R>mon{Zf{X : 4&10)
‘m`m M A{dÚm M ñd`‘od... 66 ‘o ì`pŠV[a`§ {h dmUr... 268
(Z¥qghmoÎmaVmnZr`mon{Zf{X : 9&3) (^mJdVnwamUo : 11&12&18)
‘mhmËå`kmZnyd©ñVw... 183,242,286,305 ‘moj‘² BÀN>oX² OZmX©ZmV²... 156,222
(ZmaXnÄMamÌo : & ) (.&)
‘mhmËå`kmZñ` Cn`moJ‘² Amh... 190 {‘«`‘mUmo@{n `ÝZm‘... 262
(VÎdmW©Xrn{Z~ÝYàH$meo : 1&42) (^mJdVnwamUo : 6&2&49)
{‘{bVmZm‘² AÝd`… BVaoVa`moJ…... 294
(nm{U{ZgyÌo : 2&2&29) `
‘wIVmo AdV©V ~«÷... 308 ` EVm§ lmd`oX²... 345
(^mJdVnwamUo : 3&6&30) (^mJdVnwamUo : 12&12&58-59)
‘wI~mhÿénÁOmZm§... 8 ` Ed§ {dÛmZ² ‘hmamÌo Cf{g... 105
(‘Zwñ‘¥Vm¡ : 10&45) (ghdmCn{Zf{X : 19)
‘wV² àr{V… à‘Xmo hf©…... 242 `§ Vw H$‘©{U `pñ‘Z² g... 5
(A‘aH$moeo : 1&7&263) (‘Zwñ‘¥Vm¡ : 1&28-31)
‘w‘wjw… d¡ eaU‘² Ah§ ànÚo... 97 `… Hw$`m©V² VwbgrH$mîR>¡…... 156
(ídoVmídVamon{Zf{X : 6&18) (AJñË`g§{hVm`m§ : 6& & )
‘yT>mA{n d¡îUdm… {dîUwJqV... 205 `… n¥{Wdr‘² AÝVa…... 338
(^mJdVgw~mo{YÝ`m§ : 10&27&4) (~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{Zf{X : 3&7&3)
‘yË`m© A{^‘V`m AmË‘Z…... 83 `… n¥{Wì`m§ {Vð>Z²... 118
(^mJdVnwamUo : 11&3&48) (~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{Zf{X : 3&7&3)
‘ybo "Xå^m{X' B{V "Am{X'nXoZ... 307 `… eyÐñWm{nV§ qbJ‘²... 127,335

391 392
(ñH$ÝXnwamUo : & & ) (‘hm^maVo : 1.27.13)
`… eyÐoU A{M©V§ qbJ‘²... 127,335 `Ì EH$mJ«Vm VÌ A{deofmV²... 205
({ÌñWbrgoVm¡ : & ) (~«ô‘gyÌo : 4&1&11)
`… g‘… gd©^yVofw... 110 `Ì `Ì nardmXmo... 112,119
({dkmZg§{hVm`m§ : 16& ) (O`g§{hVm`m§ : 16&323-325)
`ÀM {H$pÄMX² OJV² gdª... 205 `Ì `moJoída… H¥$îUmo... 97
(‘hmZmam`Umon{Zf{X : 11&6) (^JdX²JrVm`m§ : 18&78)
`ÀM Xw…I§ `emoXm`m…... 213 "`Ì'=^ŠVofw "EH$mJ«Vm'=^JdËñdê$no... 205
({ZamoYbjUo : 1) (~«ô‘gyÌ^mî`o : 4&1&4)
`O XodnyOmg§J{VH$aUXmZofw 291 `Wm CŠV‘² F${f{^… nwam... 79
(nm{U{ZYmVwnmR>o : 1&1087) (.&&)
`ÁOmVm… gh d¥{Îm{^…... 308 `Wm D$U©Zm{^…...VWm ^JdmZ{n... 232
(^mJdVnwamUo : 3&6&34) (^mJdVgw~mo{YÝ`m§ : 2&5&19)
`kê$nmo h[a… nyd©H$mÊSo>... 227 `Wm H$WpÄMX²... 286
(VËdmW©Xrn{Z~ÝYo : 1&11-13) (VËdmW©Xrn{Z~ÝYo : 1&40-41)
`Vmo dm B‘m{Z... 122 `Wm Jmdmo Z{g àmoVm…... 261
(V¡{Îmar`mon{Zf{X : 3&1) (^mJdVnwamUo : 1&13&41)
`ÎmV² àYmZ§ {ÌJwU§... 146 `Wm Vamo… ‘yb{ZfoMZoZ... 133,138,340
(Hy$‘©nwamUo : 1&2&104) (^mJdVnwamUo : 4&31&14)
`ÎmX² qbJ§ ^JdVmo... 266 `Wm {h ñH$ÝYemImZm§... 133,338,340
(^mJdVnwamUo : 12&6&39) (^mJdVnwamUo : 8&5&49)
`Ì A{YH¥$Ë` Jm`Ìr... 78,79 `Wm gmoå` EHo$Z ‘¥pËnÊSo>Z 122
(‘Ëñ`nwamUo : 53&20) (N>mÝXmo½`mon{Zf{X : .6&1&4)
`Ì BXmZt ‘hmgn©... 39 `Wm-`Wm h[a… H¥$îUmo... 200
(‘hm^maVo : 3&177&28) (VÎdmW©Xrn{Z~ÝYàH$meo : 2&240)
`Ì C{fV§, {dembm{j,... 110 `Wm-`WmË‘m n[a‘¥Á`Vo Agm¡... 199

393 394
(^mJdVnwamUo : 11&14&26-27) (‘hm^maVo : 3&177&25)
`Wm½Zo… jwÐm… {dñ’w$qbJm... 74 `{XX§ H$m{bH$m»`§ M... 80
(~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{Zf{X : 2&1&20) (H$m{bH$mnwamUo : & & )
`Wm{h A`§ Á`mo{V… AmË‘m... 65,72 `ÑÀN>`m lwV§ dm{n... 108
(~«ô‘gyÌem§H$a^mî`o : 3&2&18) (.&)
`W¡d AmbmoHo$pÝÐ`mZoH$... 28-29 `ÚX² {d^y{V‘V² gÎd§... 189
(VÝÌdm{V©Ho$ : 1&2&2) (^JdX²JrVm`m§ : 10&41)
`W¡d eyÐmo ~«mô‘Ê`m§... 8 `Û¡ {H$ÄMZ AZyŠV§ Vñ`... 236
(‘Zwñ‘¥Vm¡ : 10&30-31) (~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{Zf{X : 1&23&17)
`Xm A`‘² AZwJ¥†m{V... 251 `X² EH$‘² Aì`ŠV‘² AZÝVê$n‘²... 131,263
(^mJdVnwamUo : 4&29&46) (‘hmZmam`Umon{Zf{X : 1&5)
`Xm ~{h‘w©Im `y`§... 279 `X² Am¡n{ZfX§ kmZ§... 288,346
({ejmíbmoŠ`m§ : 1-2) (VËdmW©Xrn{Z~ÝYo : 3&24&178)
`Xm ^JdV… "B©emo@h‘²' B{V BÀN>m... 214 `X² OJËH$maU§ ~«ô‘ VXod XodmZ² 14-15
(^mJdVgw~mo{YÝ`m§ : 3&9&9) (V¡{Îmar`~«mô‘Uo : 2&8&8&9)
`Xm ^JdmZ² ñdepŠVê$noU... 257 `X² ‘Zgm Z ‘ZwVo... 224,247
(^mJdVgw~mo{YÝ`m§ : 2&9&13-14) (Ho$Zmon{Zf{X : 1&1&5)
`Xm ^O{V ‘m§ ^ŠË`m... 147 `X² ‘Ë`©brbmon{`H§$... 216-17
(^mJdVnwamUo : 11&25&10-11) (^mJdVnwamUo : 3&2&12-28)
`Xm gd} àbr`ÝVo... 221,255 `X²-`X² {Y`m V CéJm`... 248
(H$R>mon{Zf{X : 6&14) (^mJdVnwamUo : 3&9&11)
`Xm... ‘Zgm gh ~w{Õ… M... 224 `‘od Ef d¥UwVo VoZ bä`…... 195,232
(H$R>mon{Zf{X : 2&3&10) (H$R>mon{Zf{X : 1&23)
`{X AZremo Yma{`Vw§... 95 `emoXm AmH$Ê`© Zm‘m{Z... 201
(^mJdVnwamUo : 11&11&22) (^mJdVnwamUo : 10&43&28)
`{X Vo d¥ÎmVmo amOZ²... 39 `ñVw AmË‘a{Vaod ñ`mX²... 238

395 396
(^JdX²JrVm`m§ : 3&17-30)
`ñVw B‘§ gahñ`ÝVw...
(damhnwamUo : 39&54)
`ñVw Zmam`U§ Xod§...
(nÙnwamUmoÎmaIÊSo> : 235&9)
`ñVw g§VßVe§Im{X...
(~¥hÝZmaXr`nwamUo : & & )
`ñ‘mV² ja‘² AVrVmo Ah‘²...
(^JdX²JrVm`m§ : 15&18)
`pñ‘Z² H$pñ‘Z² ‘hm^mJm...
(nÙnwamUmoÎmaIÊSo> : 225-39)
`ñ` AZwJ«h‘² BÀN>m{‘...
(^mJdVnwamUo : 10&27&16)
`ñ` AmË‘~w{Õ… Hw$Uno...
(^mJdVnwamUo : 10&84&13)
`ñ` AmË‘m eara‘²...
(~«ô‘gyÌam‘mZwO^mî`o : 1&2&20)
`ñ` H$m`JV§ ~«ô‘...
(‘Zwñ‘¥Vm¡ : 11&97)
`ñ` JwUñ` ^mdmX²...
(nmVÄOb‘hm^mî`o : 5&1&119)
`ñ` Xodo nam ^pŠV…...
(ídoVmídVamon{Zf{X : 6&23)
`ñ` Zmam`Ur ‘wÐm...
(~«ô‘nwamUo : & & )
`ñ` gmjmX² ^Jd{V...
397
(^mJdVnwamUo : 7&15&26)
111 `ñ`m§ OmJ«{V ^yVm{Z... 84
(Ap½ZnwamUo : 381&6)
163,145 `ñ`m§ d¡ ly`‘mUm`m§... 209
(^mJdVnwamUo : 1&7&7)
161 `mJñWjÌ{dS²>KmVo... 13
(`mkdëŠ`ñ‘¥Vm¡ : 3&5&245)
208 `mJmo XmZ§ Vnmo hmo‘…... 144
(~«ô‘nwamUo : & & )
147 `mO`pÝV M `o nyJmZ²... 18
(‘Zwñ‘¥Vm¡ : 3&151-152)
252 `m‘‘m̧ ^JdËgodm§ {dYm`... 288,310
(VËdmW©Xrn{Z~ÝYo : 2&232)
118,327 `mdV² gd}fw ^yVofw... 130
(^mJdVnwamUo : 11&29&17)
75 `mdX² Xohmo A`§ VmdX²... 343
(^mJdVgw~mo{YÝ`m§ : 3&28&2)
7 `mdmZ² `íMmpñ‘ `mÑe…... 263
(^mJdVnwamUo : 11&11&33)
27 `mñ`go {h AHw$Vmo^`‘²... 115
(^mJdVnwamUo : 11&12&15)
119,249,,265,339 `wŠV§ ^J¡… ñd¡… BVaÌ M... 243
(^mJdVnwamUo : 2&9&16)
167 `yZmo… EH$Vapñ‘Z² JVd{V... 210
(gm{hË`Xn©Uo : 3&209)
111 `o H$ÊR>b½ZVwbgr... 154
398
(nÙnwamUmoÎmaIÊSo> : 225&70)
`o Vo doXm… earañWm…...
(‘hm^maVo : 5&180&24)
`o ‘YwÀN>ÝXgmo Á`oîR>m…...
(^mJdVnwamUo : 9&16&33)
`o `Wm ‘m§ ànÚÝVo...
(^JdX²JrVm`m§ : 4&11)
`oVw Aja‘² A{ZX}í`‘²...
(^JdX²JrVm`m§ : 12&3-5)
`oVw gdm©{U H$‘m©{U...
(^JdX²JrVm`m§ : 12&6-8)
`oZ AÄOgm nw‘mZ² {gÕ²`oV²...
(^mJdVnwamUo : 11&29&1)
`oZ Ho$Z àH$maoU {dîUmo…...
({d‘e} : & )
`oZmh§ Zm‘¥Vm ñ`m‘²...
(~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{Zf{X : 2&4&3)
`o@Ý`o@a{dÝXmj...
(^mJdVnwamUo : 10&2&32)
`o@{n AÝ`XodVm^ŠVm…...
(^JdX²JrVm`m§ : 9&23-25)
`¡… {eî`¡… eídX² AmamÜ`m…...
(AJËñ`g§{hVm`m§ : & )
`mo AH$m‘mo {ZîH$m‘…...
(~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{Zf{X : 4&4&6)
`mo AV… EH¡$H$‘² CnmñVo...
399
(~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{Zf{X : 1&4&7)
35 `mo AZYrË` {ÛOmo doX‘²... 7,18,22
(‘Zwñ‘¥Vm¡ : 2&168)
19 `mo AZwJ«hmWª ^OVm§ nmX‘yb‘²... 181,186
(^mJdVnwamUo : 6&4&33)
21,248 `mo AÝ`Wm gÝV‘² AmË‘mZ‘²... 265
(‘hm^maVo : 255&4)
236 `mo OmJao ~{haZwjUY{‘©Umo... 62
(^mJdVnwamUo : 11&13&32). 236
239 `mo ~«ô_U§ {dXYm{V nydª... 96
(ŸJmonmbnyd©VmnZr`mon{Zf{X : 1Ÿ&5Ÿ)
127 `mo _X²^ŠV… g _o {à`…... 93,114
(Ÿ^JdX²JrVm`m§ : 12Ÿ&14Ÿ)
311 `mo _ÝÌ… g Jwé… gmjmX²... 111
(Ÿdm_ZH$ëno : Ÿ& Ÿ)
228 `mo _m§ ní`{V gd©Ì... 227,239
(Ÿ^JdX²JrVm`m§ : 6Ÿ&28-31Ÿ)
272 `mo _m§ gd}fw ^yVofw... 118,129,327,332
(Ÿ^mJdVnwamUo : 3Ÿ&39Ÿ&22Ÿ)
239 `mo `mo `m§ `m§ VZw§ ^ŠV…... 132
(Ÿ^JdX²JrVm`m§ : 7Ÿ&21Ÿ)
111 `mo amVmo Xod`OZo... 19
(Ÿ^mJdVnwamUo : 9Ÿ&16Ÿ&32Ÿ)
255 `mo bmo{hVmo `mo dm d«íMZmX²... 161
(ŸV¡{Îmar`g§{hVm`m§ : 2Ÿ&5Ÿ&1Ÿ&4Ÿ)
236 `mo dpŠV Ý`m`a{hV§... 112
400
(Ÿ . Ÿ& Ÿ& Ÿ) (ŸV¡{Îmar`mon{Zf{X : 2Ÿ&7Ÿ)
`mo d¡ ^y_m VV² gwI§... 206,233,241 ""Ÿ"agmod¡g…' "gd©ag…' B{V lwË`m M... 202
(ŸN>mÝXmo½`mon{Zf{X : 7Ÿ&23Ÿ&1Ÿ) (Ÿ~«ô_gyÌmUw^mî`o : 3Ÿ&3Ÿ&10Ÿ)
`moJmñÌ`mo _`m àmoŠVm... 193,265,285 ""Ÿ"agmo d¡ g…...AÌ agmË_H$... 202
(Ÿ^mJdVnwamUo : 11Ÿ&20Ÿ&6Ÿ) (Ÿ~«ô_gyÌmUw^mî`o : 4Ÿ&2Ÿ&13Ÿ)
`mo@`§ H$mb… Vñ` Vo Aì`ŠV~ÝYmo…... 264 amJgÝX½YJmÌmUm§... 168
(Ÿ^mJdVnwamUo : 10Ÿ&3Ÿ&26Ÿ) (ŸemVmVnñ_¥Vm¡ : Ÿ& Ÿ& Ÿ)
`mo@h_² Apñ_ ~«ô_mh_² Apñ_... 256 amO{Z `w{Y H¥$Äm…... 85
(Ÿ_hmZmam`Umon{Zf{X : 5Ÿ&10Ÿ) (Ÿnm{U{ZgyÌo : 3Ÿ&2Ÿ&95Ÿ)
amOÝ`d¡í`m¡ M B©OmZm¡... 13
a (Ÿ`mkdëŠ`ñ_¥Vm¡ : 3Ÿ&5Ÿ&245Ÿ)
ajmo-XmZdmoÕV-_Zwî`à^d…... 177 am{k M A_mË`Om… Xmofm…... 107
(Ÿ^aVZmQ²>çemñÌo : 6Ÿ&63Ÿ) (ŸñH$ÝXnwamUo {ÛVr`d¡îUdIÊS>ñW_mJ©erf©_mhmËå`o : 6Ÿ&15Ÿ)
a{V… _Zmo@ZwHy$bo AW}... 196 am_H¥$îUm{d{V ^wdmo... 132
(Ÿgm{hË`Xn©Uo : 3Ÿ&176Ÿ) (Ÿ^mJdVnwamUo : 1Ÿ&3Ÿ&23Ÿ)
a{VX}dm{X{df`m 177 éÐmjXohg§ñWmo `…... 155
(Ÿ . Ÿ& Ÿ) (ŸgXmMmaMÝÐmoX`o : Ÿ& Ÿ& Ÿ)
aå`§ OwJwpßgV_² CXma_²... 175 éÐmjYmaUm^mdmo... 155
(ŸXeê$nHo$ : 4Ÿ&85Ÿ) (ŸgyVg§{hVm`m§ : Ÿ& Ÿ& Ÿ)
ag§ øod A`§ bãÜdm... 174,240 éÐmj¡… M AZÝV_²... 157
(ŸV¡{Îmar`mon{Zf{X : 2Ÿ&7Ÿ) (Ÿ{ednwamUo : Ÿ& Ÿ& Ÿ)
"ag…' B{V H$… nXmW©…? AÌ CÀ`Vo... 203 ao{_ao Ahñgw VpÀMÎmm…... 207
(Ÿ^aVZmQ²çemñÌo : 6Ÿ&31Ÿ) (Ÿ^mJdVnwamUo : 10Ÿ&32Ÿ&26Ÿ)
agmË_H$… lw{V{ea…{gÕ…... 207 ao_o V`m M AmË_aV…... 207
(ŸlrnwéfmoÎm_ñdê$nm{d©^md{ZU©`o : 2-12Ÿ) (Ÿ^mJdVnwamUo : 10Ÿ&27Ÿ&34Ÿ)
agmo d¡ g…... 133,174,202,206,215,224,247

401 402
b (Ÿ~«÷d¡dV©nwamUo : 2Ÿ&32Ÿ&9-10Ÿ)
bjUoËWå^yVm»`mZ^mJdrßgmgw... 296 dXpÝV Ho${MX² {dÛm§g…... 341
(Ÿnm{U{ZgyÌo : 1Ÿ&4Ÿ&90Ÿ) (ŸñH$ÝXnwamUo : Ÿ& Ÿ& Ÿ)
bj_mÌoU bmoH$ñ`... 79 dZÝVw gmpÎdH$mo dmgmo... 131,333
(Ÿ . Ÿ& Ÿ& Ÿ) (Ÿ^mJdVnwamUo : 11Ÿ&25Ÿ&25Ÿ)
bbmQ>o Ho$ed§ {dÚmX²... 149 dUm©ñVw AmÚm… Ì`mo {ÛOm…... 37
(ŸnÙnwamUmoÎmaIÊS>o : 226Ÿ&45Ÿ) (Ÿ`mkdëŠ`ñ_¥Vm¡ : 1Ÿ&2Ÿ&10Ÿ)
bbmQ>o {VbH§$ H¥$Ëdm... 144 d{V©XrnmH¥$qV dm{n... 149
(Ÿñ_¥{Vgmag_wÀM`o : Ÿ& Ÿ) (ŸAmMma_mYdo : Ÿ& Ÿ& Ÿ)
bdU§ VZ`m bmjm... 7
(Ÿ`mkdëŠ`ñ_¥Vm¡ : 3Ÿ&3Ÿ&40Ÿ) dVw©b§ {V`©J² ApÀN>Ч... 150
bm^nyOmW©`ËZñ` CnY_©ËdXodbH$Ëdm{X... 306 (ŸnÙnwamUmoÎmaIÊS>o : 226Ÿ&41-42Ÿ)
(Ÿ{gÕmÝV_wŠVmdbr{ddaUàH$meo : .16Ÿ) dñVwVñVw {dídm{_Ìñ`m{n... 20
{b{IËdm VÀM `mo XÚmX²... 81 (ŸY_©àXrno Om{VVÎdàH$meo n¥.67-116Ÿ)
(ŸñH$ÝXnwamUo : Ÿ& Ÿ& Ÿ) dmŠ`mÝd`mX²... 228
brbm_Ü`nm{V^ŠVmZm_{n... 202 (Ÿ~«ô_gyÌo : 1Ÿ&4Ÿ&19Ÿ)
(Ÿ~«ô_gyÌmUw^mî`o : 3Ÿ&3Ÿ&37Ÿ) dmVm© {d{MÌm embrZ... 312
bmoH$ñ` AmOmZVmo ì`mg…... 85 (Ÿ^mJdVnwamUo : 7Ÿ&12Ÿ&16Ÿ)
(Ÿ^mJdVnwamUo : 1Ÿ&7Ÿ&6Ÿ) dmVm©-gÄM`-embrZ-{ebmoÄN>... 314
bmoH$mZmÝVw {dd¥Ü`Wª... 15 (Ÿ^mJdVnwamUo : 3Ÿ& 12Ÿ&42Ÿ)
(Ÿ_Zwñ_¥Vm¡ : 1Ÿ&31Ÿ) dmgwXodo ^Jd{V... 226
bmo{hVmZ² d¥j{Z`m©gmZ²... 161 (Ÿ^mJdVnwamUo : 1Ÿ&2Ÿ&5-31Ÿ)
(Ÿ_Zwñ_¥Vm¡ : 5Ÿ&6Ÿ) dmgwXodmo ^JdVm_²... 132
(Ÿ^mJdVnwamUo : 11Ÿ&16Ÿ&29Ÿ)
d {dH$ma… VËàYmZo ñ`mX²... 97
dËgo MVwfw© doXofw... 100 (Ÿnyd©_r_m§gr`O¡{_ZrgyÌo : 9Ÿ&1Ÿ&41Ÿ)

403 404
 {dH«$s{S>V§ d«OdYy{^[aXÄM {dîUmo…... 187,250 {demo d¡ _éV…... 28
(Ÿ^mJdVnwamUo : 10Ÿ&30Ÿ&40Ÿ) (ŸeVnW~«m÷Uo : 3Ÿ&9Ÿ&1Ÿ&14-17Ÿ)
{dÎm§ XËdm AÝ`oZ nwéfoU H¥$Ëdm... 279,296,304 {dídVíMjw…... 132
(Ÿ{gÕmÝV_wŠVmdbr{ddaUo : 2Ÿ) (Ÿ_hmZmam`Umon{Zf{X : 2Ÿ&2Ÿ)
{dXwf… H$_©{g{Õ… ñ`mV²... 262 {dídm{_Ì… F${f… gwXmg…... 26
(Ÿ^mJdVnwamUo : 10Ÿ&24Ÿ&6Ÿ) (Ÿ{ZéŠV{ZKÊQ>m¡ : 2Ÿ&7Ÿ&24Ÿ)
{dXyaH$mð>m` _whþ… Hw$`mo{JZm_²... 270 {dídm{_ÌnwÌñVw... 25
(Ÿ^mJdVnwamUo : 2Ÿ&4Ÿ&14Ÿ) (Ÿ{dîUwnwamUo : 4Ÿ&7Ÿ&37-39Ÿ)
{dÚm{dZ`gånÝZo 117 {dídm{_ÌoU Vm… àmoŠVm…... 25
(Ÿ^JdX²JrVm`m§ : 5Ÿ&18Ÿ) (Ÿem¡ZH$s`~¥hX²XodVm`m§ : 4Ÿ&118Ÿ)
{dZm lrd¡îUdt Xrjm§... 113 {dídm{_Ìmo@{n Y_m©Ë_m 25
(ŸnÙnwamUo : Ÿ& Ÿ& Ÿ) (Ÿdmpë_H$sam_m`Uo ~mbH$mÊS>o : 65Ÿ&26Ÿ)
{dৠH¥$VmJg_{n... 275 {dîUw… gd©JVmo Xodmo... 126,337
(Ÿ^mJdVnwamUo : 10Ÿ&65Ÿ&41-42Ÿ) (Ÿ{dîUwY_m}ÎmanwamUo : 3Ÿ&108Ÿ&15-16Ÿ)
{dàmUm§ Z¡d Ym`ª ñ`mV²... 145 {dîUwMH«${dhrZÝVw... 166
(ŸnÙnwamUmoÎmaIÊS>o : 225Ÿ&18-20Ÿ) (ŸnÙnwamUmoÎmaIÊS>o : 224Ÿ&35-36Ÿ)
{dàmo AYrË` AmßZw`mV² àkm§... 344,345 {dîUwVÎd§ n[akm`... 109
(Ÿ^mJdVnwamUo : 12Ÿ&12Ÿ&64Ÿ) (Ÿ{dkmZg§{hVm`m§ : 16Ÿ& Ÿ)
{d^mdoZ AmöVmo `mo AW©ñVw... 173 {dîUmo… nXo na_o _Üd CËg... 99
(Ÿ^aVZmQ²>çemñÌo : 7Ÿ&1-2Ÿ) (ŸF$Šg§{hVm`m§ : 1Ÿ&145Ÿ&5Ÿ)
{déÕY_m©l`ËdmV² M ^Jd{V... 194 {dîÊdmJ_m{XVÝÌofw... 159
(Ÿ^mJdVgw~mo{YÝ`m§ : 1Ÿ&19Ÿ&16Ÿ) (ŸgyVg§{hVm`m§ : Ÿ& Ÿ& Ÿ)
{déÕ¡… A{déÕ¡… dm ^md¡…... 175 "dr' J{Vì`mpßVàOZ... 318
(ŸXeê$nHo$ : 4Ÿ&34Ÿ) (Ÿnm{U{ZYmVwnmR>ñW-AXm{XdJ}.1073Ÿ)
{ddmhñVw g_ÝÌH$…... 38 drú` AmXe} Obo dm{n... 150
(Ÿ`mkdëŠ`ñ_¥Vm¡ : 2Ÿ&13Ÿ) (ŸñH$ÝXnwamUo {ÛVr`d¡îUdIÊS>o : Ÿ&3Ÿ&18Ÿ)

405 406
 drn{Vä`m§ VZZ²... 318 doXmÝV{dkmZ... 92
(Ÿnm{U{ZgyÌo : 3Ÿ&150Ÿ) (Ÿ_wÊS>H$mon{Zf{X : 3Ÿ&2Ÿ&6Ÿ)
d¥{Îm… g§H$aOmVrZm§... 280,289 doXmä`mgmX² ^doX² {dà…... 161,275
(Ÿ^mJdVnwamUo : 7Ÿ&7Ÿ&30Ÿ) (Ÿ . Ÿ& Ÿ& Ÿ)
d¥Î`m ñd^mdH¥$V`m... 19 doX¡… M gd£… Ah_od doÚ…... 215,229
(Ÿ^mJdVnwamUo : 7Ÿ&11Ÿ&32-35Ÿ) (Ÿ^JdX²JrVm`m§ : 15Ÿ&15Ÿ)
d¥îUrZm§ dmgwXodmo@pñ_... 132 doXmoŠVmZm_² A½³`mXrZm§... 227
(Ÿ^JdX²JrVm`m§ : 10Ÿ&37Ÿ) (ŸVÎdmW©Xrn{Z~ÝYàH$meo : 2Ÿ&265Ÿ)
doUwJwë_{_d AZb…... 271 d¡{XH$s VmpÝÌH$s Xrjm... 115
(Ÿ^mJdVnwamUo : 6Ÿ&1Ÿ&14Ÿ) (Ÿ^mJdVnwamUo : 11Ÿ&11Ÿ&37Ÿ)
doX§ H¥$Ëdm doqX H$amo{V... 77 d¡`mË`mXod Z¥Um§ nXo pñWVm... 319
(ŸAmnñVå^lm¡VgyÌo : 7Ÿ&3Ÿ&10Ÿ) (Ÿ_mH©$ÊS>o`nwamUo : Ÿ& Ÿ& Ÿ)
doX… àUdEd AJ«o... 345 d¡am½`§ gm§»``moJm¡ M... 222
(Ÿ^mJdVnwamUo : 11Ÿ&17Ÿ&11Ÿ) (ŸVÎdmW©Xrn{Z~ÝYo : 1Ÿ&45-46Ÿ)
doX… ñ_¥{V… gXmMma…... 290 d¡dm{hH$mo {d{Y… ñÌrUm§... 24
(Ÿ`mkdëŠ`ñ_¥Vm¡ : 1Ÿ&1Ÿ&7Ÿ) (Ÿ_Zwñ_¥Vm¡ : 2Ÿ&67Ÿ)
doX_mJ£H${Zð>mZm§ doXmoŠVoZ¡d... 145 d¡í`oZ d¡í`… eyÐoZ eyÐ…... 36
(Ÿ . Ÿ& Ÿ& Ÿ) (Ÿ~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{Zf{X : 1Ÿ&4Ÿ&15Ÿ)
doX_ybV`m {ZË`§... 167 d¡îUdmZm§ `Wm eå^w…... 78
(ŸnmameanwamUo : 10Ÿ& Ÿ& Ÿ) (Ÿ^mJdVnwamUo : 12Ÿ&13Ÿ&16Ÿ)
doXm… gm§Jmon{ZfX…... 145 d¡îUdmZm§ hao… AMm©... 100
(Ÿ . Ÿ& Ÿ& Ÿ) (Ÿ~«ô_d¡dV©nwamUo : 1Ÿ&24Ÿ&21-23Ÿ)
doXmja{dMmaoU... 38 ì`ŠVoa^oX… Vwë`Ëd§... 8
(Ÿnameañ_¥Vm¡ : 1Ÿ&75Ÿ) (Ÿ{H$aUmdë`m§ : 16Ÿ)
doXmÝVJmo ~«mô_U… ñ`mV²... 262 ì`{VaoH$mo JÝYdX²... 53
(Ÿ_hm^maVo : 5Ÿ&149Ÿ&123Ÿ) (Ÿ~«ô_gyÌo : 2Ÿ&3Ÿ&26Ÿ)

407 408
 ì`{^MmaoU dUm©Zm_² 3 eZH¡$ñVw {H«$`mbmonmX²... 8,20
(Ÿ . Ÿ& Ÿ& Ÿ) (Ÿ_Zwñ_¥Vm¡ : 10Ÿ&43Ÿ)
ì`mgmo Zmam`U… gmjmV²... 99 eãXkmZmZwnm{VdñVweyÝ`mo... 244
(Ÿe§H$a{Xp½dO`o : .7Ÿ&11Ÿ) (ŸnmVÄOb`moJgyÌo : 1Ÿ&9Ÿ)
ì`oVw kmn{`î`m{_... 108 eaU§ J¥ha{jÌmo…... 95,97
(Ÿ~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{Zf{X : 2Ÿ&1Ÿ&15Ÿ) (ŸA_aH$moeo : 3Ÿ&5Ÿ&2440Ÿ)
d«V_² EVV² nmewnV§... 135,138 eara_od _mVm{nVam¡ OZ`V…... 14
(ŸAWd©{eamon{Zf{X : 5Ÿ) (ŸAmnñVå^Y_©gyÌo : 1Ÿ&1Ÿ&18Ÿ)
d«V_² EVV² emå^d_²... 142 emŠ`moŠVmqhgZ§ Y_m}... 96
(ŸH$mbmp½ZéÐmon{Zf{X : 1Ÿ) (ŸO¡{_Zr`Ý`m`_mbm`m§ : 1Ÿ&3Ÿ&4Ÿ&12Ÿ)
emÝVñ` e_gmÜ`ËdmX²... 178
e (Ÿg§JrVaËZmH$ao : 7Ÿ&1359-1361Ÿ)
e§IMH«§$ _¥Xm `ñVw... 158 emñÌo gd©Wm ho`ËdoZ CŠVm…... 201
(Ÿ{dîUwnwamUo : Ÿ& Ÿ& Ÿ) (Ÿ~«ô_gyÌmUw^mî`o : 3Ÿ&3Ÿ&39Ÿ)
e§IMH«$m§H$Z§ Hw$`m©X²... 162 {ebm~w{Õ… Z H$m`m© M... 124,334
(ŸnÙnwamUmoÎmaIÊS>o : 224Ÿ&29-30Ÿ) (ŸñH$ÝXnwamUgô`m{ÐIÊS>ñWnmÊSw>a§J_mhmËå`o : Ÿ& Ÿ)
e§Im§{H$VVZw… {dàmo... 166 {ed§ ^mñH$a_² Ap½Z¨ M... 120
(ŸñH$ÝXnwamU{ÛVr`d¡îUdIÊS>ñW_mJ©erf©_mhmËå`o : 3Ÿ&45Ÿ) (Ÿ . Ÿ& Ÿ& Ÿ)
e§Im{X{MôZa{hV…... 158,159 {edHo$e`mo… {MôZ§... 162,167
(Ÿ . Ÿ& Ÿ& Ÿ) (ŸAmídbm`Zo : Ÿ& Ÿ)
e§Im`wYm§{H$Vmo ^ŠË`m... 166 ewÕm àoåUm Vw Xwb©^m…... 287
(ŸñH$ÝXnwamUo {ÛVr`d¡îUdIÊS>o_mJ©erf©_mhmËå`o : 3Ÿ&39Ÿ) (ŸnwpîQ>àdmh_`m©XmJ«ÝWo : 16Ÿ)
eŠVm¡ nbÌ`{_V§... 281 eyÐ`moZm¡ Ah§ OmVmo ... 345
(ŸnX²_nwamUo ^mJdV_mhmËå`o : 6Ÿ&65-66Ÿ) (Ÿ_hm^maVo : 5Ÿ&41Ÿ&5Ÿ)
eVemo AW ghò¡… M... 82 eyÐm§ e`Z_² Amamoß`... 18,22,26
(ŸñH$ÝXnwamU{ÛVr`d¡îUdIÊS>o : 16Ÿ&39-41Ÿ) (Ÿ_Zwñ_¥Vm¡ : 3Ÿ&17Ÿ)

409 410
 eyÐm`m§ ~«mô_UmX² OmV…... 19 lÕm A_¥VH$Wm`m§ _o... 100,114,130
(Ÿ_Zwñ_¥Vm¡ : 10Ÿ&64-67Ÿ) (Ÿ^mJdVnwamUo : 11Ÿ&19Ÿ&20Ÿ)
eyÐoVw `X² ^doX² bú_... 39 lÕmbw… _o H$Wm… e¥ÊdZ²... 95,187
(Ÿ_hm^maVo : 3Ÿ&177Ÿ&20Ÿ) (Ÿ^mJdVnwamUo : 11Ÿ&11Ÿ&23-24Ÿ)
eyÐmo dm AZwnZrVmo dm... 336 ldUmÜ``ZmW©à{VamoYmV² ñ_¥Vo… M... 343
(Ÿ{ÌñWbrgoVm¡ : Ÿ& Ÿ&Ÿ) (Ÿ~«ô_gyÌo : 1Ÿ&3Ÿ&38Ÿ)
e¥§JmadraH$éUhmñ`am¡Ð^`mZH$m…... 178 lmd`oV² MVwamo dUm©Z²... 341
(Ÿ^aVZmQ²>çemñÌo : 6Ÿ&15-16Ÿ) (Ÿ_hm^maVo : 12Ÿ&314Ÿ&45Ÿ)
e¥§JmamW©_od Hy$OZ§ H¥$VdmZ²... 212 {l`m nwîQ>çm... 251
(Ÿ^mJdVgw~mo{YÝ`m§ : 10Ÿ&18Ÿ&4Ÿ) (Ÿ^mJdVnwamUo : 10Ÿ&36Ÿ&55Ÿ)
e¥Uw am_ _hm~mhmo 167 lrH¥$îUmo d¡ na_X¡dV_²... 97
(ŸnÙnwamUo : Ÿ& Ÿ& Ÿ) (ŸJmonmbnyd©VmnZr`mon{Zf{X : 1Ÿ&1Ÿ)
e¥Uw dËg àdú`m{_... 148 lr^mJdVnr`yfg_wÐ_WZj_…... 205
(ŸñH$ÝXnwamUd¡îUdIÊS>_mJ©erf©_mhmËå`o : 3Ÿ&1-2Ÿ) (Ÿgdm}Îm_ñVmoÌo : 16-17Ÿ)
e¥ÊdV… lÕ`m {ZË`§... 198,274 lr^mJdV_mJ}U... 343
(Ÿ^mJdVnwamUo : 2Ÿ&7Ÿ&53Ÿ) (ŸVÎdmW©Xrn{Z~ÝYo : 2Ÿ&212-223Ÿ)
e¡br Xmé_`r bm¡hr... 324 lr_hm{dîUw§ gpÀMXmZÝXbjU§... 216
(Ÿ^mJdVnwamUo : 11Ÿ&27Ÿ&12Ÿ) (ŸH¥$îUmon{Zf{X : 1-25Ÿ)
e¡d§ `X² dm`wZm àmoŠV§... 80 lw{Vñ_¥{VnwamUmZm§... 163
(Ÿ . Ÿ& Ÿ&Ÿ) (Ÿì`mgg§{hVm`m§ : 1Ÿ&4Ÿ)
emoUm_oH$ CXH§$ Jm_dmO{V... 146 lw{Vñ_¥Vr __¡dmko... 129,329
(ŸF$H²$emImñWM_g{d^mJo : Ÿ& Ÿ& Ÿ) (Ÿ Ÿ& Ÿ& Ÿ)
em¡ZH$mo ~«mô_Um… j{Ì`m…... 40 lo`…òwqV ^pŠV_wXñ` Vo {d^mo... 156
(Ÿ~«ô_mÊS>nwamUo : 2Ÿ&3Ÿ&67Ÿ&4-5Ÿ) (Ÿ^mJdVnwamUo : 10Ÿ&14Ÿ&4Ÿ)
lo`mZ² Ðì`_`mX² `kmX²... 127
l (Ÿ^JdX²JrVm`m§ : 4Ÿ&33Ÿ)

411 412
 lmoUm`m§ ldUÛmXí`m_²... 83 g dm Ef _hmZO AmË_m... 57
(Ÿ^mJdVnwamUo : 8Ÿ&18Ÿ&5Ÿ) (Ÿ~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{Zf{X : 4Ÿ&4Ÿ&24Ÿ)
lmoVì`… H$s{V©Vì`… M... 345 g dm... A`_² AmË_m... 122
(Ÿ^mJdVnwamUo : 1Ÿ&2Ÿ&14Ÿ) (Ÿ~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{Zf{X : 4Ÿ&4Ÿ&22Ÿ)
í`m_§ empÝVH$a§ àmoŠV§... 148 g d¡... Aeof{deof_m`m{ZfoY... 223
(Ÿ~«ô_mÊS>nwamUo : Ÿ& Ÿ& Ÿ) (Ÿ^mJdVnwamUo : 6Ÿ&4Ÿ&28Ÿ)
ídmZ§ ídnmH§$ àoVYy_§... 278 g gd©Yrd¥Î`Zw^yVgd©…... 186
(ŸÐì`ewÕm¡ ñZmZ`mo½`{Z{_Îm{dMmaoŸ) (Ÿ^mJdVnwamUo : 2Ÿ&1Ÿ&39Ÿ)
g§V{V… JmoÌ... d§emo AÝddm`… gÝVmZ…... 2
f (ŸA_aH$moeo : 2Ÿ&2Ÿ&1Ÿ)
fpQ²Ì¨eXmpãXH§$ M`ª... 302 g§gma^réVm XmofXe©Z§ {df`ofw... 193
(Ÿ_Zwñ_¥Vm¡ : 3Ÿ&1-2Ÿ) (Ÿg§JrVaËZmH$ao : 7Ÿ&1504-1513Ÿ)
g§ñH$mam… `Ì A{dpÀN>ÝZm…... 3
g (Ÿ^mJdVnwamUo : 7Ÿ&11Ÿ&13Ÿ)
g AmË_mZ§ ÛoYm AnmV`X²... 234 gEd AYñVmX²... 133
(Ÿ~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{Zf{X : 1Ÿ&4Ÿ&3Ÿ) (ŸN>mÝXmo½`mon{Zf{X : 7Ÿ&25Ÿ&1Ÿ)
g JËdm Vngm {gqÕ... 26 gEd {h nwZ… gd©dñVw{Z... 186
(Ÿ_hm^maVo : 1Ÿ&173Ÿ&80-81Ÿ) (Ÿ^mJdVnwamUo : 6Ÿ&9Ÿ&38Ÿ)
g Jwé… `…... 301 gEf Ordmo {ddaàgy{V…... 267,268
(Ÿ`mkdëŠ`ñ_¥Vm¡ : 1Ÿ&2Ÿ&33Ÿ) (Ÿ^mJdVnwamUo : 11Ÿ&12Ÿ&17Ÿ)
g nmXwHo$ Vo ^aV… àVmndmZ²... 325 gH¥$Xod ànÝZm`, "Vd Apñ_'... 101
(Ÿdmpë_H$sam_m`Uo A`moÜ`mIÊS>o : 112Ÿ&29Ÿ) (Ÿ~«ô_mÊS>nwamUo AÜ`mË_am_m`U`wÕH$mÊS>o : 3Ÿ&12Ÿ)
g _mZgrZ AmË_mOZmZm_²... 133,247 gH¥$Z² _Z… H¥$îUnXma{dÝX`mo…... 271
(ŸV¡{Var`maÊ`Ho$ : 3Ÿ&11Ÿ&1Ÿ) (Ÿ^mJdVnwamUo : 6Ÿ&1Ÿ&19Ÿ)
g `mo "_Zmo ~«ô_' B{V... 247 gVmo ~ÝYw_² Ag{V... 197
(ŸN>mÝXmo½`mon{Zf{X : 7Ÿ&3Ÿ&2Ÿ) (ŸF$Šg§{hVm`m§ : 10Ÿ&129Ÿ&4Ÿ)

413 414
 gÎdod... BX_² AJ«o AmgrX²... 16 (Ÿn[a^mfoÝXweoIao : 3Ÿ&87Ÿ)
(ŸN>mÝXmo½`mon{Zf{X : 6Ÿ&2Ÿ&3Ÿ) g_mgoZ¡d H$m¡ÝVo`... 93
gË`§ M AZ¥V§ M gË`_² A^dV²... 122 (Ÿ^JdX²JrVm`m§ : 18Ÿ&50Ÿ)
(ŸV¡{Îmar`mon{Zf{X : 2Ÿ&6Ÿ) g_yhñVw g_mhma…... 294
gË`§ kmZ_² AZÝV§ ~«ô_... 256,257,264,265 (Ÿnm{U{ZgyÌo : 2Ÿ&2Ÿ&29Ÿ)
(ŸV¡{Îmar`mon{Zf{X : 2Ÿ&1Ÿ&1Ÿ) g_mo Ah§ gd©^yVofw... 239,302
gË`§ XmZ§ j_m erb_²... 39 (Ÿ^JdX²JrVm`m§ : 9Ÿ&29-32Ÿ)
(Ÿ_hm^maVo : 3Ÿ&177Ÿ&16Ÿ) gJm} Añ` AW... 86
(Ÿ^mJdVnwamUo : 12Ÿ&7Ÿ&9Ÿ)
g{ÌUm_² EVo `O_mZm… AmegVo... 97 gdª Ibw BX§ ~«ô_ VÁObmZ²... 121,180,193,206
(ŸO¡{_Zr`Ý`m`_mbm`m§ : 9Ÿ&1Ÿ&41Ÿ) (ŸN>mÝXmo½`mon{Zf{X : 3Ÿ&14Ÿ&1Ÿ)
gËgånÎ`m... 60 gd©Ed AmË_mZmo ì`wÀMapÝV... 74,233
(ŸN>mÝXmo½`mon{Zf{X : 6Ÿ&8Ÿ&1Ÿ) (Ÿ~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{Zf{X : 2Ÿ&1Ÿ&20Ÿ)
gXå^íM hVmo Y_m}... 292 gd©H$_m© gd©H$m_… gd©JÝY…... 202
(ŸnÙnwamUñWñdJ©IÊS>o : 29Ÿ&28-31Ÿ) (Ÿ~«ô_gyÌ^mî`o : 3Ÿ&3Ÿ&10Ÿ)
gXm Cndr{VZm ^mì`§... 160 gd©JwøV_§ ^y`…... 228
(Ÿ . Ÿ& Ÿ) (Ÿ^JdX²JrVm`m§ : 18Ÿ&64-65Ÿ)
gXrjm{d{Yg§Ý`mg_²... 113 gd©Wm MoX² h[aH¥$nm... 284-5
(Ÿ Ÿ& Ÿ& Ÿ) (ŸVÎdmW©Xrn{Z~ÝYo : 2Ÿ&226Ÿ)
gXod gm¡å`! BX_² AJ«o... 246 gd©Xm gd©^mdoZ... 209
(ŸN>mÝXmo½`mon{Zf{X : 6Ÿ&4Ÿ&1-2Ÿ) (ŸMVw…íbmoŠ`m§ : 1Ÿ)
gÚ… nV{V _m§goZ... 7 gd©Y_m©Z² n[aË`Á`... 98
(Ÿ_Zwñ_¥Vm¡ : 10Ÿ&92Ÿ) (Ÿ^JdX²JrVm`m§ : 18Ÿ&66Ÿ)
gÝXohmo AÌ Z H$V©ì`mo... 84 gd©dU}fw Vwë`mgw... 3
(ŸñH$ÝXnwamUñWMVwW©H$merIÊS>r`nyd©^mJo : 28Ÿ&2-4Ÿ) (Ÿ_Zwñ_¥Vm¡ : 10Ÿ&5Ÿ)
gpÝZ`moJ{eîQ>mZm_² AÝ`Vamnm`o... 316 gd©ñ` B©emZ… gd©ñ` A{Yn{V…... 122

415 416
(Ÿ~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{Zf{X : 5Ÿ&6Ÿ&1Ÿ) (ŸnÙnwamUmoÎmaIÊS>o : 224Ÿ&27,28,29Ÿ)
gd©ñ` M Ah§ ö{X g§{Z{dîQ>mo... 222 gd}fm_od ^ŠVmZm§... 145
(Ÿ^JdX²JrVm`m§ : 15Ÿ&15Ÿ) (ŸHy$_©nwamUo : 1Ÿ&2Ÿ&100Ÿ)
gd©ñ` à^dmo {dàm…... 3 gdm}Õmaà`ËZmË_m 195
(Ÿ`mkdëŠ`ñ_¥Vm¡ : 1Ÿ&9Ÿ&179-198Ÿ) (ŸVÎdmW©Xrn{Z~ÝYàH$meo : 1Ÿ&1Ÿ)
gdm©Ê`od nwamUm{Z... 85 gdU}ä`… gdUm©gw... 2,6,25,34,36
(Ÿ^{dî`nwamUo : 1Ÿ&103Ÿ) (Ÿ`mkdëŠ`ñ_¥Vm¡ : 1Ÿ&4Ÿ&89Ÿ)
gd} A{YH$m[aUmo{h AÌ... 280,289 gdm Ef ~«mô_Uñ` `kmo... 11
(ŸnÙnwamUñWñdJ©IÊS>o : 29Ÿ&41Ÿ) (ŸeVnW~«mô_Uo : 5Ÿ&1Ÿ&11Ÿ)
gd} EVo eãXm… JwUg_wXm`ofw... 27 ghò§ `¡ñVw n{R>V§... 346
(ŸnmVÄOb_hm^mî`o : 5Ÿ&1Ÿ&15Ÿ) (ŸnwéfmoÎm_ghòZm_o : 4Ÿ)
gd} Ordm… gd©_`m…... 57 ghòna_m Xodr... 28
(ŸZ¥qghmon{Zf{X : 9Ÿ) (Ÿ_hmZmam`Umon{Zf{X : 4Ÿ&1Ÿ)
gd} {Z_ofm… O{kao 264 ghònmXoH$_yÜZm©... 131
(Ÿ_hmZmam`Umon{Zf{X : 1Ÿ&8Ÿ) (ŸAWd©{eamon{Zf{X : 6Ÿ)
gd} doXm `ËnX_² Am_ZpÝV... 164 ghòemImÜ`m`r M 112
(ŸH$R>mon{Zf{X : 2Ÿ&15Ÿ) (ŸnÙnwamUo : 3Ÿ&226Ÿ&3Ÿ)
gd} emŠVm… {ÛOm… OmË`m... 88 ghò{eag§ Xod§... {dÚ`m... 235
(ŸXodr^mJdVnwamUo : 11Ÿ&21Ÿ&6Ÿ) (Ÿ^mJdVnwamUo : 10Ÿ&36Ÿ&55Ÿ)
gd}eo ^Jd{V VÕ_m©X² ÐwVñ`... 171 gm Ed§ H¡$dë`ZmW§ V§ àmß`... 215
(Ÿ^pŠVagm`Uo : 1Ÿ&3Ÿ) (Ÿ^mJdVnwamUo : 10Ÿ&45Ÿ&8-11Ÿ)
gd}fmÝVw \$b§ _mojmo... 240 gm nam AZwapŠV… B©ídao... 183,242
(ŸVÎdmW©Xrn{Z~ÝYo : 3Ÿ&9Ÿ&11Ÿ) (ŸempÊS>ë`^pŠVgyÌo : 1Ÿ&1Ÿ&2Ÿ&Ÿ)
gd}fm_{n ^yVmZm§... 214 gm§Ho$Ë`§ nm[ahmñ`§ dm... 105,262,269
(Ÿ^mJdVnwamUo : 7Ÿ&7Ÿ&49-52Ÿ) (Ÿ^mJdVnwamUo : 6Ÿ&2Ÿ&14Ÿ)
gd}fm_od XodmZm§... 163 gmYZ§ ^pŠV… _moj… gmÜ`…... 237

417 418
(ŸVÎdmW©Xrn{Z~ÝYàH$meo : 1Ÿ&50-51Ÿ) (ŸH$mÊdeVnWo : Ÿ& Ÿ& Ÿ)
gmYdo ewM`o ~«y`mV²... 341 gwXe©Z§ ghòma§ n{ḑ MaU§ n{d…... 165
(Ÿ^mJdVnwamUo : 11Ÿ&29Ÿ&31Ÿ) (Ÿ{ZKÊQ>m¡ : Ÿ)
gmYyZm§ g_`íMm{n... 99 gyV Ëd§ ny{OVmo Añ_m{_…... 84
(Ÿ{_Vmjam`m§ : Ÿ& Ÿ) (ŸAp½ZnwamUo : 1Ÿ&3Ÿ)
gmnojËdmX² AZm{XËdmX²... 47 gyVmo d¡XhH$… M¡d... 3
(ŸHw$gw_mÄObm¡ : 1Ÿ&4Ÿ) (Ÿ_Zwñ_¥Vm¡ : 10Ÿ&24-26Ÿ)
gmamËgmamo {h ^JdmZ²... 84 gy`m©` OwîQ>§ {Zd©nm{_... 96
(ŸAp½ZnwamUo : 1Ÿ&4Ÿ) (ŸV¡{Îmar`g§{hVm`m§ : 1Ÿ&1Ÿ&4Ÿ)
gmbmoŠ`-gmpîQ>©-gm_rß` 93,252,332 gy`}Vw {dÚ`m Ìæ`m... 124,331
(Ÿ^mJdVnwamUo : 3Ÿ&29Ÿ&13Ÿ) (Ÿ^mJdVnwamUo : 11Ÿ&11Ÿ&43-45Ÿ)
gm{hË`ÄM EH${H«$`mÝd{`Ëd_²... 294 gy`m} Ap½Z… ~«mô_Um… Jmdmo... 117,327,330,331
(Ÿg_mgdmXo : ÛÝX²dàH$aUoŸ) (Ÿ^mJdVnwamUo : 11Ÿ&11Ÿ&42Ÿ)
qgM A§J...... 165 go`§ ^JdVmo _m`m... 223
(Ÿ^mJdVnwamUo : 10Ÿ&26Ÿ&35Ÿ) (Ÿ^mJdVnwamUo : 3Ÿ&7Ÿ&9-10Ÿ)
qghñVw am{e^oXo _¥Jm{Yno... 81 godm`m§ {deof_² Amh... 324-5
(ŸYaUrYaH$moeñWhmÝVdJ} : 2816Ÿ) (Ÿ^mJdVgw~mo{YÝ`m§ : 10Ÿ&87Ÿ&27Ÿ)
{gÕÝVw `ñ` JwUñ` ^mdmX²... 27 gmo AH$m_`V ~hþ ñ`m§... 196,229
(Ÿdm{V©Ho$ : Ÿ) (ŸV¡{Îmar`mon{Zf{X : 22Ÿ&6Ÿ)
{gÕmÝVldU§ àmhþ…... 341 gmo@h§ ^JdVo {dXohmZ² XXm{_... 120
(ŸñH$ÝXnwamUo : Ÿ& Ÿ& Ÿ) (Ÿ~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{Zf{X : 4Ÿ&4Ÿ&23Ÿ)
{gÝYwVrao g[aËHy$bo J«m_o... 311-12 pñÌä`mo T>H²$... 78
(ŸlràíZg§{hVm`m§ : 53Ÿ&151-57Ÿ) (Ÿnm{U{ZgyÌo : 4Ÿ&1Ÿ&120Ÿ)
gwIm{XVmXmËå`m§JrH$mao M... 197 ñÌrUm_² AZwnZrVmZm§... 335
(Ÿgm{hË`Xn©Uo : 3Ÿ&28,174Ÿ) (Ÿ~¥hÝZmaXr`nwamUo : Ÿ& Ÿ& Ÿ)
gwXe©Z§ Yma`{V D$Üd©nwÊS´>§... 149 ñÌreyÐ{ÛO~ÝYyZm§... 341

419 420
(Ÿ^mJdVnwamUo : 1Ÿ&4Ÿ&25Ÿ) (ŸZmaXg§{hVm`m§ : 11Ÿ&43-47Ÿ)
ñÌrfw AZÝVaOmVmgw... 25 ñd`§ g_wÎmr`©... 147
(Ÿ_Zwñ_¥Vm¡ : 10Ÿ&6Ÿ) (Ÿ^mJdVnwamUo : 10Ÿ&2Ÿ&31Ÿ)
ñÍ`@namYmV² H$Vw©íM nwÌXe©Z_²... 32 ñdaoU gÝYo`oX² `moJ_²... 71
(ŸO¡{_Zr`nyd©_r_m§gmgyÌo : 1Ÿ&2Ÿ&13Ÿ) (Ÿ~«ô_{~ÝXyn{Zf{X : 7Ÿ)
g³Ë`Á` gd©{df`mZ²... 207 ñdU©nm̧ XodÐì`_² AmgrV²... 280
(Ÿ^mJdVnwamUo : 10Ÿ&26Ÿ&32Ÿ) (ŸAmMm`©J¥hdmVm©`m§ : 3Ÿ)
ñZnZ§ Ëd{dboß`m`m_²... 325 ñdmÜ`m`Onhmo_m{X... 144
(Ÿ^mJdVnwamUo : 11Ÿ&27Ÿ&14-46Ÿ) (ŸY_©àd¥Îmm¡ : Ÿ& Ÿ)
ñZmËdm nwÊS´>§ _¥Xm Hw$`m©X²... 148 ñdmÜ`m`ñ` VWmËdoZ... 140
(ŸY_©àd¥Îmm¡ : Ÿ& Ÿ& Ÿ) (Ÿ~«ô_gyÌo : 3Ÿ&3Ÿ&3Ÿ)
ñ\w$Q>§ M_ËH$m[aV`m... 178 ñdm{_ZrZm§ {h ~{h…àmH$Q²>ç_od... 208
(Ÿgm{hË`Xn©Uo : 3Ÿ&251Ÿ) (Ÿ^mJdVgw~mo{YZr{Q>ßnÊ`m§ : 10Ÿ&26Ÿ&0Ÿ&7Ÿ)
ñ\w$Q>_YwanX§ {h H§$ghÝVw…... 276 ñdmhmH$ma-Z_ñH$mam¡... 345
(ŸñH$ÝXnwamUñW{ÛVr`moËH$bIÊS>o : 11Ÿ&113Ÿ) (Ÿ_hm^maVo : 12Ÿ&60Ÿ&36Ÿ)
ñ_V©ì`… gVV§ {dîUw…... 106 ñdr`mZ² ^ŠVmZ² àXe©`oV²... 185,307
(ŸnÙnwamUmoÎmaIÊS>o : 7Ÿ&71Ÿ&140Ÿ) (ŸgmYZXr{nH$m`m§ : 108Ÿ)
ñ_¥Vo… M... 140
(Ÿ~«ô_gyÌo : 4Ÿ&3Ÿ&12Ÿ) h
ñdH$_©Um O§J_Ëd§... 40 hËdm J^©_² A{dkmV_²... 13
(Ÿ~«ô_d¡dV©nwamUñW{ÛVr`IÊS>o : 24Ÿ&23-24Ÿ) (Ÿ_Zwñ_¥Vm¡ : 11Ÿ&87Ÿ)
ñdYmåZmo ~«ô_U… gmjmX²... 345 hÝV Vo H$W{`î`m{_... 125
(Ÿ^mJdVnwamUo : 12Ÿ&6Ÿ&41Ÿ) (Ÿ^mJdVnwamUo : 11Ÿ&29Ÿ&8Ÿ)
ñdnmX_yb§ ^OV…... 272 hpÝV AW©hrZm H$Vm©a_²... 337
(Ÿ^mJdVnwamUo : 11Ÿ&2Ÿ&42Ÿ) (Ÿ Ÿ& Ÿ& Ÿ)
ñd_ÝÌmo ZmonXoîQ>ì`mo... 107 h[aZm_mja_wI§... 154

421 422
(ŸñH$ÝXnwamUñWH$merIÊS>o : 21Ÿ&69Ÿ)
hao… _y{Vª H¥$Ëdm ^OoV²... 186
(ŸVÎdmW©Xrn{Z~ÝYàH$meo : 2Ÿ&228Ÿ)
"hñË`¥f_§ ghò§ XXm{_' B{Vh... 299
(Ÿ~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{Zf{X : 4Ÿ&1Ÿ&2-7Ÿ)
öXm VwîQ>ofw _Zgmo... 303
(ŸF$Šg§{hVm`m§ : 8Ÿ&2Ÿ&24Ÿ)
ö{X AÝVÁ`m}{V… nwéf…... 63
(Ÿ~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{Zf{X : 1Ÿ&3Ÿ&7Ÿ)
ö{XñWmo@ß`{VXyañW…... 270
(Ÿ^mJdVnwamUo : 10Ÿ&86Ÿ&47Ÿ)
õr… Yr… ^r… B{V EVV² gdª... 63
(Ÿ~¥hXmaÊ`H$mon{Zf{X : 1Ÿ&5Ÿ&3Ÿ)

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